COMMUNITY COLLEGE
FOOTBALL OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION
(THE ORGANIZATION)
2012
- Supplemental
Guidelines And Philosophies
-6-Man Mechanics
- Administrative
-CFO Philosophies
1
“THE ORGANIZATION”
2012 SUPPLEMENTAL GUIDELINES AND PHILOSOPHIES
The intent of this Manual is to Supplement the NCAA Rule Book and to reflect “THE
ORGANIZATION’S” philosophy in relation to the situations encountered before, during, and
after football games. This has been developed to improve the consistency of how these
plays and situations will be handled when they occur. Although the 2011 edition of this
manual is not a complete rewrite, it has been edited to enhance ease of use and to
comply with the evolving football rules, mechanics, and philosophies.
This Manual is divided into three Parts and an addendum related to Division 1 Philosophies:
Part 1: THE ORGANIZATION’s philosophies regarding mechanics and rules applications.
This Part is referred to as “Supplemental” by Parts 2 and 3. Part 1 has 2 Sections
Section 1: Mechanics
Section 2: Rules
Part 2: 6-Man Mechanics. These are the generally accepted mechanics for 6-officials.
Deviations and changes to these mechanics are identified throughout Part 2 and references
to Part 1 Supplemental Guidelines are included.
Part 3: Administrative Duties of Officials and ORGANIZATION members. Duties of gamesupport personnel.
Addendum: CFO Philosophies of Officiating
1. Ball Spotting
2. Line of Scrimmage
3. Fumbles
4. Defensive Pass Interference
5. Offensive Pass Interference
6. Not Offensive Pass Interference
7. Other Passing Situations
8. Blocking
9. Kicking Play
10. Plays at the Sideline
11. Scoring Plays
12. Personal Fouls
13. Unsportsmanlike Conduct
14. Game Clock
15. Miscellaneous
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------(Dan and I would like to express a large thank you to Jim McGeough for the superb
job he did to update the Supplemental Guidelines and Mechanics book for the 2011
season as well as the edits incorporated for the 2012 season. – Dave Curschman)
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Table of Contents
PART 1, SECTION 1 – MECHANICS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
PAGE
Prior to Kick Off
A. Pre Game on the Field
B. Toss of the Coin – Timelines
C. Toss of the Coin – Procedure
6
6
6
Free Kicks
A. Free Kick Coverage
B. Responsibility for the Kick Prior to Possession
7
7
Scrimmage Kick
A. Identification of Eligible Receivers
B. Coverage for Fake or Broken Field Goal/PAT
C. Unsuccessful Field Goal or PAT
D. Blocked Scrimmage Kick
E. Other Play Situations During a Scrimmage Kick Play
7
8
8
8
8
Scrimmage Plays
A. Progress and Sideline Coverage
B. Cross Field Mechanics
C. Position Prior to the Snap
D. Pass Plays – Flank Officials
E. Intentional Grounding to Save Loss of Yardage – Communication
9
9
9
10
10
General Game Situations
A. ‘Fade Mechanics’
B. Reverse Fade Mechanics – Change of Team Possession
C. GAME TEMPO – Speeding Up the Game
D. Team B Opportunity to Counter Team A Substitutions
10
11
11
13
PART 1, SECTION 2 – RULES
I.
II.
III.
Free Kicks
A. Offside
B. Game Clock – Error in Timing
14
14
Scrimmage Kicks
A. Roughing or Running Into Kicker
14
Scrimmage Plays
A. Game Clock – Error in Timing
B. Excessive Team B Players
14
14
3
C.
D.
E.
F.
IV.
Action Near the Sideline or Out of Bounds – Legal Contact
Legal Forward Pass Play
Momentum – All Situations
Pass Interference – Judgment Criteria
General Game Situations
A. Guidelines on Holding
B. Defenseless Player and Flagrant Fouls
C. Ruling on Fumbles
D. Formation and Alignments Prior to Snap
E. Block in Back
15
15
16
16
18
20
20
20
21
Part 2 – 6-MAN MECHANICS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
Pre-Game Responsibilities
Responsibilities Following the Pre-Game Conference
Coin Toss / Halftime / Overtime Responsibilities
Basic Free Kick Position
Short Free Kick Position
Basic Scrimmage Position
Basic Pass Coverage Responsibilities
Pass Coverage Responsibilities (Trips or Quads)
Basic Punt Position
Goal Line Position (Snap at or inside 10-yard line)
Reverse Goal Line Mechanics – Ball Snapped at or inside 5-yard line
going out
Field Goal and Try For Point Position
23
24
26
28
32
34
38
41
42
46
47
48
Part 3 – ADMINISTRATIVE
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
Six-Man Mechanics – General Game Duties
51
Chain-Crew Procedures
55
Chain Crew Instructions (for distribution to chain crew members)
57
Ball Person Procedure and Instruction (for distribution to ball
persons)
58
Play Clock Procedures and Instruction
60
Game Clock Operator Procedures
61
Game Clock Operator Instructions (for distribution to game clock op) 62
CCFOA Procedure for Ejections
63
A. Reporting an Ejection During the Game
63
B. During the Game – Recording Unsportsmanlike Fouls
63
C. Reporting an Ejection – Reports Required after the Game
63
D. Player Actions Which Result in an Ejection
63
CCFOA – Responsibilities of the Area Representative
64
Addendum – CFO Philosophies of Officiating
65
4
COMMUNITY COLLEGE
FOOTBALL OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION
(THE ORGANIZATION)
Part 1 – Philosophies
(Supplemental)
Section 1: Mechanics
Section 2: Rules
5
PART 1, SECTION 1 - MECHANICS
I. Prior To Kick Off
A. Pre Game on the Field
1. The officials will be on the field 60 minutes prior to kick off. (In addition to the pre game
responsibilities defined in the mechanics manual Part 2, the following are guidelines for this time on
the field).
2. All officials should note player equipment, notably knee pads in the pants. However the pant and
pad do not need to cover the knees. Problems should be reported to the umpire. Officials should
not approach the players during warm ups regarding uniforms or equipment.
3. Deep officials can observe the following actions of both teams.
1. Strength and accuracy of punter and place kickers during drills.
2. If the kick receivers are having trouble with the sun, and use of hand or arm to shade their
eyes. (Fair Catch Signals)
3. Speed or quickness of receivers during passing drills.
4. During passing drills observe receivers catching ball near sidelines for feet/ball/sideline
judgment and your sideline mechanics.
4. Umpire will be very involved with observing equipment/equipment/equipment.
1. A card will be handed to the head coach of each team when pre game drills are complete
with player number that is illegally equipped and a description of the violation.
2. Blocking techniques of lineman during drills.
5. Flanks can view from the sideline the following.
1. Speed or quickness of receivers and backs during passing drills.
2. Offensive formations in 11 on 11 drills.
3. During passing drills observe receivers catching ball near sidelines for feet/ball/sideline
judgment and your sideline mechanics.
6. Referee will observe the following.
1. Whether quarterback and kickers are right of left.
2. Watch the quarterbacks receive snaps during 11 on 11 drills while observing his head and
body action as he calls signals. This is a good indicator of what his normal movement will be
during the game.
B. Toss of the Coin-Timelines.
The following are the guidelines relating to when activity should occur in relation to the game clock.
Emphasis is placed on having the coin toss completed and all officials in position prior to the
scheduled kick off.
1. FJ and SJ will have the captains at the 50 yard line at their side line four (4) minutes prior to kick
off.
2. When you lead the captains onto the field, jog with them to the sideline. Don’t walk.
3. Start captains to the middle of the field with three minutes and fifteen seconds remaining
(3:15) left before kick off. Do not wait for the referee to wave you onto the field.
4. R should start the introduction of captains at three minutes (3:00) prior to kick off.
5. HL and LJ should have their teams on the field with two minutes remaining (2:00).
6. Officials should break their huddle with forty five seconds remaining (:45) and get team
onto the field as soon as possible.
C. Toss of the Coin-Procedure
The key concern regarding the coin toss is to assure that there is clear communication and
understanding with the captain’s stated choice.
1. In order to eliminate any confusion over the choice by the visiting captain, the referee will ask the
captain his choice BEFORE he tosses the coin.
2. He will then announce to the umpire and home captain “White has called …….”.
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3. The referee should pause for a second to make sure the visiting captain does not disagree with
the pronouncement.
4. The referee will then announce to the captains that he will let the coin hit the ground.
5. At this point complete the coin toss by giving options to captains and signals to the press box.
II.
Free Kicks
A. Free Kick Coverage
The following mechanic is designed to focus the official’s vision toward the areas with the maximum
potential for fouls. There are two primary areas of contact during the free kick that initial focus will be
directed.
 Team B (return team) first or front five players. They usually set up to start blocking around
the B 30 to 40 yard lines.
 Team B (return team) second group of players, previously referred to as the wedge.
1. The FJ and SJ will watch the second, third and fourth players in from their respective sidelines on
the kicking team. They will follow them downfield, observing their initial contact with Team B, usually
in the area of the Team B 30 to 40 yard lines.
2. The umpire will concentrate on the middle three members of the kicking team, and their initial
contact with Team B, usually in the area of the Team B 30 to 40 yard lines.
3. The HL and LJ will observe the action against the first members of the kicking team that encounter
the members of Team B’s second group of potential blockers.
4. R has primary responsibility for the ball during the kick if the ball is near Team B goal line. If the
pylon is threatened, the HL or LJ will assist with the coverage of the kick.
This will focus coverage on the kicking team members as they have initial contact with Team B.
The officials will then move their attention to the evolving action of the return and focus toward
the point of attack.
B. Responsibility For The Kick Prior To Possession
1. On all regular free kicks, the flank officials will be at the goal line pylons, with the referee in the
middle of the field on the goal line. If the free kick is on the ground, rolling toward the goal line
between the referee and a sideline, the flank official on that sideline pylon will assist the referee with
the coverage of the football. The offside official, (looking at the Referee’s back) will move up field 10
yards to observe the blocking action in front of the ball.
2. At the referee’s discretion, the flank official(s) might be positioned at the 5 or 10 yard line. This is
based on location of free kick (i.e., penalties against kickers) or weather concerns
III.
Scrimmage Kick
A. Identification of Eligible Receivers
It is the responsibility of all members of the crew to know eligible receivers on Team A in the event of
a fake or botched play from scrimmage kick formation. The following creates a method of identifying
and ruling on eligible/ineligible players.
1. FJ and SJ should note the numbers of the two eligible receivers on their side of the field. (Deep
officials should always know the widest player in the formation on any play from scrimmage).
2. HL and LJ should know the eligible backs on your side of the formation. They could be in a
wingback position (field goal formation), or up backs behind the center/guard position (punt formation)
3. LJ and HL should know the up back (punts) or the holder.
4. The referee should know the kicker.
5. Umpire should be aware of the restricted interior linemen who would be ineligible, especially
linemen who are exceptions to the numbering rule.
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B. Coverage For Fake Or Broken Field Goal/PAT
If this situation occurs, the mechanics for the U, R, LJ, and HL are the same as a normal scrimmage
situation, as determined by the location of the snap.
1. If the ball is snapped inside the Team B 10 yard line, goal line mechanics would be used.
 HL and LJ have goal line, and sideline all the way to the end line.
 FJ and SJ work from goal post looking out along the end line.
2. If the ball is snapped between the Team B 10 yard line and Team B 30 yard line.
 SJ moves to the goal line, middle of the field and work inside out on the goal line.
 FJ stays at the end line with end line responsibility and works inside out on the end line.
 HL and LJ have sideline responsibility end line to end line.
 If player scores near the pylon, covering flank official and SJ will make eye contact prior to
signaling.
3. If the ball is snapped outside of the Team B 30 yard line, normal scrimmage mechanics are used.
 FJ and SJ will be at the goal line pylon.
 HL and LJ have sideline responsibility to the Team B 2 yard line.
C. Unsuccessful Field Goal or PAT
1. If the kick is untouched by Team B and the ball lands in the end zone, immediately sound the
whistle, and both officials give the no good or incomplete signal. No other signal is necessary.
2. If the kick is wide or outside an up right, only the covering official will give the no good or
incomplete signal. No other signals are necessary. The other official does not signal.
3. The Field Judge and Side Judge will move to the end line to make the signal.
4. If you are the ruling official, do not turn your head toward your partner under the up right. Simply
present the no good or incomplete signal.
5. The official who is not making the ruling should be looking up field for dead ball activity as the
players proceed up field toward the Team B end zone.
D. Blocked Scrimmage Kick
If any scrimmage kick is blocked, the following mechanics will be used.
1. HL will hold (within two yards) at the line of scrimmage to determine if the legally kicked ball
crosses the line of scrimmage.
2. The umpire will move toward the line of scrimmage and observe the action of players in Team
A’s backfield around or behind the football after the block has occurred. He may also assist
with determining if the legally kicked ball crosses the line of scrimmage.
3. The referee will rotate toward the middle of the field, depending on the location of the loose ball.
4. The referee will have Team A goal line, and is responsible for action on the loose ball from sideline
to sideline.
5. The LJ will move into Team A’s backfield, and is responsible for action of the players around the
loose ball (illegal blocks, holding etc).
6. The HL will observe the action of the players around the loose ball from his position on the line of
scrimmage.
7. If the kick is blocked, the referee should be aware of Team A players batting or kicking the loose
ball to deter Team B from recovering the loose ball.
8. If the loose ball threatens Team A pylon, the flank official on that side of the field can move toward
the pylon and goal line to assist the referee in coverage at the pylon.
E. Other Play Situations During A Scrimmage Kick Play
1. If a scrimmage kick (punt) goes out of bounds beyond the LOS IN FLIGHT, the deep official will
pick a spot where the ball went out of bounds and sell that spot. The referee will not
assist with lining up the out of bounds spot. The referee will remain focused on player
activity behind the line of scrimmage.
8
2. If Team A is in scrimmage kick formation for a punt, and the ball is snapped at or inside the Team
B’s 40 yard line, the deep officials will be at the goal line pylon. Officials can adjust this guideline
dependent on kicker’s ability and weather conditions.
3. If the deep official is positioned on Team B’s pylon and the punt while in flight passes over his
body, the punt is out of bounds behind the goal line and is a touchback.
4. On all punts, the FJ and SJ will line up directly across from each other (“flat lined”) approximately
five yards behind the deepest receiver. (Exception when ball snapped at or inside Team B 40 yard
line). FJ and SJ will not line up any deeper than the goal-line.
5. The FJ will line up near the numbers if the ball is snapped from the opposite inbounds line. This
will provide a better look at the receiver’s attempt to catch the kick (potential muff). He will adjust his
position toward his sideline when the flight of the kick is established. If the snap occurs at the
inbounds line on his side of the field, his initial position will be on the sideline.
6. If the PAT or field goal is successful, both officials will move to the end line and give the proper
NCAA signal. Do not look to your partner before signaling. Use a verbal “good-good-good” or “nono-no” to communicate to your signaling partner.
7. If the scrimmage kick ends with a successful fair catch, Team B downing the kick, or the kick
coming to a stop with no player attempting to recover, the covering official will simply move to the
spot stopping the clock. There is no need for a bean bag. (Note if Team B gives a fair catch signal,
muffs the kick, then completes the catch, the covering official will bean bag where the ball was muffed
by Team B).
8. The line judge will release from the line of scrimmage, sliding along the sideline facing into the field
and observing the initial action at the line of scrimmage and the widest players as they release at the
snap. When the line judge sees the snap has been successfully completed, the line judge will move
downfield observing blocks and other action 10-15 yards in front of the receiver and field judge.
IV.
Scrimmage Plays
A. Progress and Sideline Coverage
1. When the ball is snapped from outside of the Team B 10 yard line, the LJ and HL will have sideline
responsibility and progress on all plays down to the Team B 2 yard line. Inside Team B 2 yard line,
the FJ and SJ will take over these responsibilities. When the ball is snapped from the Team B 10
yard line going in, goal line mechanics are in place and the LJ and HL have all progress to goal line.
2. When there is a punt return or change of possession and reverse fade mechanics are used, the FJ
and SJ will have responsibility for the sideline and progress down to Team A’s 2 yard line. Inside the
Team A 2 yard line, the LJ and HL will assume those responsibilities.
B. Cross Field Mechanics
This mechanic is to be utilized by side (flank or deep) officials who have responsibility for progress.
The idea is for the off side official to assist the covering official with the progress spot. The offside
official usually will have an unencumbered look at the runner, especially on plays that have moved
beyond the line of scrimmage. The covering official will pause or slow down prior to moving to
progress spot. This will allow him to view the action of the players as well as avoid becoming
entangled with the players. The off side official will move near the top of the numbers on his side of
the field in order to provide an easy reference point for the covering official.
C. Position Prior To The Snap
1. The referee will be positioned outside the tight end or his relative position (if physically located on
the other side of the formation), approximately 15 yards from the line of scrimmage on the QB
passing arm at the snap. This allows for pre snap coverage of substitution infractions, false starts or
other dead ball actions.
2. If the ball is snapped between the Team B 10 and 25 yard line, the deep officials will take their
initial position at the goal line pylon.
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3. If the ball is snapped between the Team B 10 yard line and goal line, the deep officials will be
positioned at the pylon located at the end line and sideline. Goal-line mechanics will be used in this
situation regardless of the location of the line-to-gain.
4. When the ball is snapped from Team B’s 10 yard line to the goal line, the HL and LJ will have
responsibility for the goal line. Their initial move when the ball is snapped is DIRECTLY toward the
pylon. If the play ends before the goal line, they will move back to the ball when the play is over.
D. Pass Plays – Flank Officials
The flank officials will hold their position at the line of scrimmage when they read pass until the
passed ball is beyond the line of scrimmage. The flank official will be responsible for pass crossing
the line of scrimmage, and whether the passer was beyond the line prior to the pass being thrown. In
addition, the flank official will get a good view of ineligible lineman down field prior to the pass.
E. Intentional Grounding To Save Loss Of Yardage - Communication
If the passer throws a forward pass near the line of scrimmage on a play in which the passer is under
direct pressure and in danger of losing yardage, the following mechanic will occur between the flank
official and the referee.
If the referee deems that the passer threw a forward pass in an apparent illegal attempt to save loss
of yardage, the referee will flag the spot of the pass.
Immediately after the down is over, he will than consult with the flank official.
The referee will wave off the flag IF the flank official communicates either of the following:
1. There was an eligible Team A receiver in the area or
2. The forward pass crossed the line of scrimmage or line of scrimmage extended.
The flank official will ALWAYS go in to the referee after the down ends in this situation, and must
confirm either:
1. There was an eligible receiver in the area, or
2. The location of the pass (either behind or beyond) the line when the pass was incomplete.
V.
General Game Situations
A. ‘Fade Mechanics’
‘Fade mechanics’ will be utilized by the deep officials during non kicking plays from
scrimmage (unless deep officials are positioned at the goal line or end line at the snap).
The goal and purpose of fade mechanics are the following:
 To keep the deep officials in a position of having all players between themselves and
the line of scrimmage during the down.
 As a result, the play will always be “boxed-in” (or viewed from any angle) by at least
two officials.
 Fade mechanics also allows the deep officials a cushion in order to stay in advance
of the runner and be at Team B’s goal line prior to the runner’s arrival.
The success of employing ‘fade mechanics’ is reading and reacting to the assigned keys at
the snap.
At the snap: the FJ / SJ will take a few quick steps backward toward Team B’s end zone while
reading their keys, at the start of the play and then react accordingly.
The basic discipline is to:
 Anticipate the type of play indicated by the down and distance at the snap; then,
 Read your assigned keys (Team A receiver(s)) initial action at the snap; then,
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
Work to be in the best position to cover the play as it develops.
If the down and distance at the snap indicates a run or short pass pattern the FJ / SJ are to take
their initial steps toward Team B’s goal line and read the play as it develops; then, begin to move
down field as indicated by the developing action. Once a pass is indicated, the FJ / SJ are to begin to
fade, remaining at least 7 to 10 yards in front of their receiver; and, if necessary being at the goal line
when the receiver/runner crosses the goal.
If the down and distance at the snap indicates a deep pass pattern they are to begin to fade
immediately in order to maintain their cushion (at least 7 to 10 yards from their receiver). Again, they
are to fade, remaining at least 7 to 10 yards in front of their receiver; and, if necessary be at the goal
line when the receiver/runner crosses the goal.
The deep official in whose direction a forward pass is thrown has goal line responsibility and is to
remain at the goal line pylon.
The deep official opposite the direction a forward pass is thrown has responsibility for the end line.
This official should move to the end line and toward the area of action on the other side of the field.
Your distance or “how far” to move toward the action on the opposite side of the field IN THE END
ZONE depends on where the play is.
B. Reverse Fade Mechanics – Change of Team Possession
On a change of team possession, flank officials must assume responsibility for coverage of TEAM A
goal line prior to the runner arriving at the goal line. Thus the flank official will fade and maintain a
cushion between himself and the Team B player who is advancing toward Team A’s goal line.
1. The flank official assumes the role assigned to the deep official in fade mechanics described
above.
2. The deep official is now the trailing official and will have responsibility for progress down to
the Team A two yard line.
3. Flank official never moves back toward Team B goal line to mark progress on change of team
possession.
C. GAME TEMPO – SPEEDING UP THE GAME
One area that all officials can make a difference is in the pace or tempo of a football game. Speeding
up the game does not mean that the official(s) “rush or cut corners” during the game. This creates a
situation where errors occur. The items listed below can be incorporated within the normal flow of a
game and will decrease the overall time of the game without “rushing” through a game.
Referee
1. After each scrimmage play, and the threat of dead ball action is over, make immediate eye
contact with the linesman and get the box moved. The referee must avoid moving to the
dead ball spot, lingering near the pile of players, and after the pile has disengaged, finally
providing the approval to the linesman to move the box. The umpire has sole responsibility to
spot the ball after the down.
2. After each scrimmage play and communicating with the linesman, stay in the backfield (8-10
yards deep) and mark the ball ready for play. Avoid moving toward the pile and lingering in
the area until teams are moving back toward their huddles before looking to mark the ball
ready to play. Immediately after signaling the ball ready to play you are responsible for Team
A substitutions entering the field, and giving the signal of both arms extended indicating
Team A is restricted from snapping the ball IF Team B is attempting to match substitution.
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3. Remember that you do not need to wait until the ball is placed on the ground to mark the ball
ready. Don’t stand and wait for the umpire. If he is at the spot and is holding the ball, or
about to place the ball, mark it ready.
4. When a first down occurs and a new series is to be awarded, move toward the linesman and
release the chains to be set.
5. On dead ball fouls prior to the snap (false start, delay, Team B offside with contact), give one
signal as the umpire marks off the foul.
6. When giving any foul signals, move quickly to an open area two to three yards away, clearing
from players and give the preliminary signal. Often referees will WALK to a spot, eight to ten
yards away before giving a signal. You do not have to discuss enforcement spots, call
captains etc before giving the preliminary signal. As soon as the penalty information is
presented by the calling official, move to give your preliminary.
Umpire
1. After dead ball responsibilities are over, and the play has ended in the side zone, hustle past
the inbounds line, creating an angle by moving into an open area in up field (toward Team B’s
goal line) from the dead ball spot. HUSTLE the ball into the inbounds spot. The umpire has
sole responsibility to spot the ball after the down.
2. When moving from the side zone, as you approach the inbounds line, look through to the off
side flank official who should be at the progress spot. Use him to spot the ball, rather than
turning back toward the official in the side zone. This eliminates the “dodging” of Team B
players who are following you to the spot and are between you and the official in the side
zone.
3. After a change of possession, especially punts, swing out into the side zone of the team who
has possession, obtain the game ball, and then move to the new spot. Often umpires will run
to the spot, stand waiting for a ball, than often moving from the spot to receive a new ball.
Moving back to the spot and then moving the old ball off the field.
4. After a PAT, jog up the sideline and move out to the center of the field for the subsequent
free kick within 30-40 seconds. Be waiting for the kicker, and hand him the ball as quick as
possible. Instruct him that the 25 second count will begin as soon as the referee blows his
whistle.
Flank Officials
1. Utilize cross field mechanics. Offside officials pick up progress spots, especially when plays
are in opposite side zone. This allows the umpire to use you when spotting the ball.
2. When the linesman has initial progress on a play where a first down (and series) is to be
awarded, the line judge should pinch in more than usual and “release” the linesman from the
progress spot so that he can move to the sidelines to wrestle with the chain gang.
3. When you have a dead ball foul at the line of scrimmage (false start, Team B offside with
contact, etc), run into the umpire to report, DON’T walk in to the middle of the field. Do NOT
give preliminary signals.
4. After a change of possession during a scrimmage down, be aware that you will have
responsibility for getting the ball if Team B is on your sideline. When the dead ball action is
over, move quickly to get the ball from the ball boys.
5. Prior to the start of each half, make sure that your team is on the sideline at least two
minutes before kickoff.
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Deep Officials
1. Consistent timing of dead ball periods prior to a free kick. Follow procedure and have the
teams moving onto the field approximately 40 seconds after the previous play. Don’t let this
interval turn into a two to three minute break.
2. Consistent timing of charged time outs. At 50 seconds inform the teams and at 55 seconds
inform the referee. Don’t let the timeout turn into a two minute break.
3. After a change of possession, if the team on your sideline is going to be on defense, be
aware that you should move to the dead ball spot and get the “old” ball from the umpire. As
you move to position prior to the next snap, you can take the “old” ball with you.
4. If you have a foul during a down, when the play is over hustle to the referee with your foul
information. Don’t stand at the spot and make the referee find you. Do NOT give preliminary
signals.
5. Prior to the start of each half, make sure that your captains are on the sideline at the
designated time.
As you may have noted, the majority of these suggestions occur during dead ball intervals, after
player action and dead ball officiating chores are satisfied. Each of the situations above should be
part of your dead ball procedure. None are difficult, nor do they change how you officiate during the
down. If each official utilizes these suggestions consistently during the game, you will reduce the
length of any game.
All Officials - Interval Prior To Free Kick
The free kick following a PAT attempt or other scoring play should occur within one minute after the
previous play. This is necessary to keep the pace of the game consistent. The following will occur:
1. The field judge is responsible for timing this one minute interval.
2. After the PAT or scoring play, the Field Judge will position himself on the 50 yard line. At the :40
second mark the Field Judge will provide a quick blast of his whistle, then move into the sideline
huddle to bring his team on to the field.
3. The Side Judge should be monitoring the Field Judge, and when the Field Judge moves into the
sideline to bring out his team, the Side Judge should do likewise.
4. At the same time, the umpire should move to the middle of the field to meet the kicking team.
5. The Linesman and Line Judge should move to their positions at the pylon. The Referee should
be at the goal-line.
6. The umpire should hand the ball to the kicker as soon as he approaches, reminding the kicker
that once he has the ball, the ready for play signal will occur and the 25 second count begins.
NOTE: If both teams are on the field ready prior to the timelines above, proceed with the ready for
play signal (unless radio or TV is involved).
D. Team B Opportunity To Counter Team A Substitutions.
Whenever Team A attempts to substitute in order to gain an advantage, Team B has the right to
counter or match up against the Team A substitution. This situation would occur late in the offensive
count prior to the snap or after a change of team possession and a new offensive team will enter the
field.
After each change of Team possession, if Team A does not huddle after entering the field from their
sideline AFTER the ready for play signal, the UMPIRE will remain over the ball until the referee
releases the umpire. The referee will release the umpire in the same manner employed during a two
minute or hurry up offense.
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It will be the referee’s responsibility to observe Team B’s reactions to Team A’s substitutions any time
after the ready for play signal. When the referee sees Team A substitutions near the huddle or enter
the formation, he will extend both arms horizontally. Effectively while the referee’s arms are
extended, Team A can not start the down. The umpire will stay over the ball during this signal. If
Team B reacts (within 2-3 seconds) of Team A’s substitution, then the referee will hold the umpire on
the ball until he is satisfied that Team B has successfully matched up with the opponent.
PART 1, SECTION 2 - RULES
The following philosophies relate to rule application in specific play situations.
I.
Free Kicks
A. Offside
Team A player is offside on a regular free kick if the Team A player’s foot is down on the ground
beyond the restraining line prior to the ball being kicked. IF THE TEAM A FREE KICK is an onside
kick, Team A is ruled to have fouled (offside) if any part of the Team A player’s body is clearly beyond
the restraining line prior to the kick.
B. Game Clock - Error In Timing
During the free kick, if by rule, the clock should have started when the ball was legally touched, and
did not start, the referee will remove three (3) seconds from the game clock at the end of the down.
This applies to any point during the game when no other official can provide accurate information.
II.
Scrimmage Kicks
A. Roughing Or Running Into Kicker
If the kicker is hit by Team B player(s) after legally kicking the ball, the following will apply:
 If the contact occurs while the kicking leg is airborne as part of the kicker’s normal kicking
motion, the call will be roughing.
 If the kicking leg is on the ground, running into the kicker will be called.
 Team B contact subsequent to this can still be considered a personal foul under section 9-1-2.
 Exception: If punter carries the ball outside the tackle box, then attempts to punt the ball while
moving (‘rugby style’), contact with the kicker is not roughing the kicker, but other 9-1-2 personal
fouls can be called as a result of the type of contact that occurs..
III.
Scrimmage Plays
A. Game Clock - Error In Timing
1. If a false start or other dead ball foul occurs prior to the snap, and the game clock incorrectly starts
or is allowed to run when the clock should be stopped, the following guidelines should be used.
If there is positive knowledge of what the correct time should be on the clock, the clock will be reset
accordingly. If no official can provide accurate information regarding the correct time, add back three
(3) seconds to the clock.
2. When the down has ended, and the clock continues to run when it should have been stopped
according to rule, add three (3) seconds back to the clock if no official has accurate information
regarding the necessary correction.
B. Excessive Team B Players
If Team A is at the line of scrimmage prior to the snap, and Team B has more than 11 players, the
following will occur.
1. After the initial count, the two deep officials will signal to recount.
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2. After the second count of Team B players, if no Team B player is attempting to leave the field,
immediately sound the whistle and throw the flag. This is a dead ball act and the play should not
begin.
3. If Team B player(s) are attempting to leave the field prior to the snap, give him the
opportunity to exit the field. If the player(s) are anywhere on the field when the ball is
snapped, we will immediately sound our whistle and make this a five yard dead ball
substitution foul. Do not let the down begin.
C. Action Near The Sideline Or Out of Bounds – Legal Contact
The following general guidelines relate to plays near the sideline and out of bounds, however number
2 and 4 can be applied to any type of play.
1. If the runner is near the sideline, and normal football contact occurs prior to the runner’s foot
touching the out of bounds area, the contact will be considered legal.
2. If the runner is near the sideline, and illegal contact occurs (a blow to the head, fist or forearm to
the chin, or using the helmet to deliver spearing like act) a foul will be called even if it occurs prior to
the runner stepping out of bounds. (These acts would, as a normal course, be flagged as personal
fouls if they occurred in the middle of the field).
3. If any unnecessary or avoidable contact occurs once the runner is out of bounds, it will be a deadball personal foul. (The exception would be if the contact were the result of the opponent being
blocked into the runner.).
4. If there is a question whether a foul has occurred, the flag will be thrown and subsequently if
determined to be unnecessary, the flag will be waved off.
5. Any player who deliberately spits on an opponent will be ejected immediately.
D. Legal Forward Pass Play
1. If a legal pass is incomplete as a result of a trap, an airborne receiver landing out of bounds, or a
receiver stepping out of bounds before securing possession, the covering official will sell the call with
an incomplete signal. There is no need for additional signals.
2. If by rule OPI occurs on the side of the field completely away from the location of the ball, OPI will
not be called.
3. If Team A initiates contact completely across the field from where the ball is thrown, and the
contact did not impede Team B’s attempt to move toward the ball, there was no advantage gained by
Team A, and the ball was not catch able (thrown to other side of the field), NO OPI will be considered.
The action could still be a personal foul, holding or other rules pertaining to illegal contact.
4. If an UNTOUCHED legal forward pass falls INCOMPLETE within one yard beyond the line of
scrimmage, the legal forward pass has not crossed the line of scrimmage for the purpose of
determining ineligibles downfield or pass interference. This does not apply to a play where the
quarterback throws a legal forward pass from outside the tackle box in order to avoid loss of yardage.
(Rule 7-3-2 Exception).
5. If the passer is near the line of scrimmage when he throws a legal forward pass, he will be
considered to have crossed the line if his foot is on the ground and his body is clearly beyond the line
of scrimmage prior to releasing the pass.
6. In order to complete a catch, the receiver must have control and possession. If the player
receives a pass, and loses possession immediately upon contacting the ground, the pass is
incomplete. One criteria of clearly establishing control and possession includes the completion of a
football act. This includes attempting to turn up field, avoid an opponent, or change direction. If there
is doubt that all three criteria (control, possession, complete a football act) have been met, the pass is
incomplete.
7. If the passer, during an apparent passing attempt, has the ball above his shoulder pads while in a
throwing motion and the ball comes loose and is not caught, it is ruled an incomplete pass by the
REFEREE.
8. Ruling on a forward-backward pass behind the line of scrimmage is the responsibility of the official
whose direction the pass was thrown to.
9. If the passer is legally throwing the ball away out of bounds, do not penalize Team A for having
ineligible players downfield.
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10. If the passer is legally throwing the ball away down field, do not penalize Team A for having
ineligible players downfield if the ineligibles are within 3 yards of the line of scrimmage.
E. Momentum – All Situations
1. Momentum will be ruled if the catch or recovery is completed anywhere inbounds between the
five-yard line and the goal line. If all criteria for momentum have been satisfied, DO NOT ignore this
rule and award Team B a touchback.
F. Pass Interference – Judgment Criteria
(Modified From Mid American Conference Material)
1. OVERVIEW
According to rule, pass interference requires all 3 of the following:
1. Legal forward pass that is catch able;
2. Legal forward pass that has crossed the line of scrimmage;
3. Physical contact.
Physical contact can be identified by the following characteristics which occur as the play develops:
 Obvious Intent to Impede
 Advantage/Disadvantage
 Restriction – Defense
 Separation – Offense
2. DEFENSIVE PASS INTERFERENCE
Defensive Pass Interference includes the obvious intent by Team B to impede the opponents attempt
to catch or ability to move into position to catch the pass.
Contact & RESTRICTION is the key. Hands on mean nothing; what did he do with the hands?
The following are six acts that normally occur to restrict or impede the opponent’s ability to catch the
football.
A. NOT PLAYING THE BALL
Where is he looking? If not looking back at the ball – suspect!
Is he beat? (Including tangling of feet by the defender from behind – suspect!)
B. PLAYING THROUGH THE BACK
Defender is behind the receiver.
Receiver pitches forward prior to the ball getting there.
C. ARM GRAB
Defender side-by-side or slightly behind receiver.
Receiver only reaches for ball with one hand or reaches with “alligator” arms.
D. ARM BAR
Defender side-by-side or slightly behind receiver.
Defender’s arm extended across receiver’s body – Think “Framework of Body;” defender must play
within.
E. CUT-OFF
Defender may be looking back at the ball.
Defender angles in front of receiver making contact – typically as the defender moves towards
sideline. Defender’s actions cause the receiver to break stride, or is forced towards sideline.
F. HOOK AND TURN
Defender is typically behind receiver – hand around waist/shoulder.
Receiver’s body turns prior to ball getting there – OBVIOUS shoulder turn!
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3. OFFENSIVE PASS INTERFERENCE
Offensive pass interference requires contact and an advantage as a result of the contact. Contact
and SEPARATION is the key. Offense MUST avoid contact, as the defender has right to stand his
ground. The three primary types of action by the offense to create pass interference require contact
and the intent to create a disadvantage:
A. PICK



Did Team A SEEK the defender out?
Does Team A INITIATE contact? See entire play!
If Team A contacts Team B and Team A is not facing back towards the passer, the ball, or
moving in position to receive the pass – suspect!
B. DOWNFIELD BLOCK



Contact is first initiated at least one yard downfield and does not continue more than 3 yards
downfield.
Did Team A SEEK out the defender and INITIATE contact against the defender who has
established position?
Contact causes separation – especially if he’s intended receiver.
C. PUSH-OFF


Receiver’s arms extended (elbows become locked as result of full extension after contact
occurs)!
The contact causes separation – the result of the contact causes an OBVIOUS change in
defender’s momentum (i.e., shoulder turn, bend backwards, change in direction, etc.)
D. Not OPI


OPI for blocking downfield will not be called if the passer is legally grounding the ball out of
bounds or into an area where there is no player.
It is not OPI on a pick play if the defensive player is blocking the offensive player when the
pick occurs and the offensive player does not attempt to make a separate action.
Remember, the offensive player can be guilty of offensive pass interference as
a result of the 6 acts mentioned above in the defensive
pass interference section. This would occur when the
offensive player is now in the position of attempting to
restrict or impede the opponent’s attempt to intercept the
pass.
4. Summation of Comments From Conference Supervisors’ Regarding
Pass Interference
What gets officials into trouble with PI – missing fouls that were there, or calling one that wasn’t?
The following are some of the items that supervisors, technical advisors and other observers have
noted in recent years:

Officials are not in proper position
- Too close to the action
- Looking through players instead of between players
- Letting the players get even with you. Get stationary whenever possible

Officials are watching the ball and not the players
- Officials MUST “stay downstairs”, focus on action between the belt and shoulders.
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-
Watching the Receiver and his reactions MAY be better than watching the DB to see
if he is or is not doing anything illegal.
Ex.: Receiver and DB are together going for ball, but receiver can only reach with
one arm.

Officials are not watching their keys
- Watching the play instead of their receiver
- Watching the wrong receiver

Officials are too quick to throw the flag
- Officials anticipate the outcome and are too excited when they think they see
something
- Officials do not realize, understand the athletic ability of today’s athletes
- EX.: Both players jump vertically for the ball. The DB, behind the receiver, jumps
higher than the receiver and knocks down the ball while making contact – 9/10 times,
not a foul (Thru the Back) as the DB made a better athletic play than the receiver.

Concentration/Comfort Zone
- One of the biggest factors – taking a play off; distracted; dwelling on a previous play;
fatigue
- Ex.: Got a DPI on a previous play, but same player, same play, same outcome and
official doesn’t call it because he let his guard down – thought he “got ‘em” already.
- Ex.: Team is up comfortably (e.g., 10 points or more) late in the game. Team behind
is trying to catch up, but PI is missed because official was in a “comfort zone” –
thought the game may be in hand at this point.
- CONCENTRATE EVERY PLAY
IV.
General Game Situations
A. Guidelines on Holding
1. REFINEMENT OF PHILOSOPHY ON HOLDING
FOR UMPIRES AND REFEREES
Background
The general philosophy defining a holding penalty that has been utilized to augment the rulebook
definitions is the following:
1. Act occurs at the point of attack and affects the play’s outcome.
2. Opponent has been put at a disadvantage or impeded by the act.
3. Takedowns** are always called regardless if at the point of attack.
(**Takedown is defined as tackling the opponent and bringing him down; grabbing him from behind
and pulling him down; etc.)
Change
The refinement to our philosophy will be to the point of attack on the following play situation:
1. If a hold occurs between the Team A tackle positions on or behind the Team A line of
scrimmage and the Team B player can still make the play behind the line, there will not be a
flag.
2. Team B player is considered to have made the play if he is under control, and then makes
the tackle, knocks down or intercepts a pass, or recovers a fumble.
3. If he can make the play as described above, then by philosophy, he has not been put at a
disadvantage or restrained.
4. Umpires and Referees may have what appears to be a slow or delayed flag for holding if the
Team B player is restrained, and as a result does not get to the play.
5. If a flag is thrown, and the player subsequently becomes involved and makes the play as
described in #2, the flag will be waved off. The explanation will be that holding did not occur.
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Judgment Criteria
For holding to be called, apply one or more of the judgment criteria below during the play as action
occurs against the Team B player:
1. The inability of the Team B player to turn or change direction due to continued, restrictive
contact.
2. While blocking, Team A player has arms around Team B player and is turning B’s upper
body.
3. The inability of Team B to gain separation or to disengage from the opponent by turning,
twisting, stopping, etc.
4. As the result of Team A’s actions, Team B’s balance is changed or natural foot movement is
taken away.
2. REFINEMENT OF PHILOSOPHY ON HOLDING
FOR FLANK AND DEEP OFFICIALS
Background
The general philosophy defining a holding penalty that has been utilized to augment the NCAA rule
book definitions is the following:
1. Act occurs at the point of attack and affects the play’s outcome.
2. Opponent has been put at a disadvantage or impeded by the act.
3. Takedowns** are always called regardless if at the point of attack.
(**Takedown is defined as tackling the opponent and bringing him down; grabbing him from behind
and pulling him down; etc.)
Change
The refinement to our philosophy will be to determine the level or appearance of advantage
disadvantage in the following play situation:
On running plays sweeping outside the tight end position, there is usually a defensive player on the
end of the line, engaged with an offensive lineman or a wide receiver, which are blocking against
defensive secondary players.
Judgment Criteria
For holding to be called, look for one or more of the following events to occur against the Team B
player:
1. Inability to turn or change direction due to continued contact
2. Team A while blocking has arms around Team B player and holding or turning B upper body,
or the inability of B to gain separation by turning, stopping, twisting etc.
3. As a result of Team A’s action, B player balance is drastically altered or natural foot
movement is taken away.
In any of the downfield blocking situations, if the opponents are squared up, moving with each other
and none of the judgment criteria mentioned above are observed, there will be no holding.
In any instance, holding will NOT be called on a double team block (exception, part of the double
team includes a takedown or the opponent frees himself from the contact and then is pulled back).
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B. Defenseless Player and Flagrant Fouls
1. Overview: In the last several years, the NCAA rule book included in the Points of Emphasis
section the issue of Defensive Player and Flagrant Fouls and highlights the importance of the
protection of defenseless players. This is not a new issue, and many of the rules relating to this are
contained in section 9-1. As an officiating group, we have been very inconsistent in this area. Once
again “The ORGANIZATION” will define the defenseless player and what is a flagrant act. In
addition, it will be mandatory that a player committing a “defined” flagrant act be ejected
immediately. To further strengthen the rule, the NCFA will suspend the player for an additional
game.
2. Summary of the Defenseless Player
This section is written in conjunction with page the Points of Emphasis in the beginning of the NCAA
rule book. These acts outlined below can occur during either LIVE or DEAD ball situations.
3. Guidelines for Defenseless Player:
1. Clearly not involved in the play, moving to influence the play, or in position to influence the
play.
2. The player has slowed down, “relaxed”, or has come to a stop because the play is over by
rule. (Some play situations as examples include a ball carrier who has stepped out of
bounds, or scored a touchdown, a forward pass that was clearly uncatchable, or after forward
pass that has hit the ground incomplete, a live ball has rolled out of bounds, a field goal or
PAT kick has touched the end zone or passed through the up rights).
3. During the down, the player is left in a vulnerable position. (Some examples are a receiver
who is airborne without possession of the ball, a receiver extended after a pass that is clearly
uncatchable, a punter that has just kicked a football, or a passer after just releasing the
pass).
4. Summary of Flagrant Acts
These are physical non-football acts that are defined in section 9-1. There are numerous personal
fouls in section 9-1, but the acts below, for consistency and understanding, have been defined for
“The ORGANIZATION’S” and NCFA philosophy as “flagrant” and WILL BE EJECTED ANYTIME
THEY OCCUR.
5. Description of Flagrant Acts (9-1-1, 9-6, 2-10-1)
1. Delivering the initial blow with the helmet or face mask in the manner of a weapon (9-1-3 ).
(The player often will go airborne prior to delivering the blow).
2. Delivering the initial blow with an extended forearm or fist in the manner of a weapon (9-1-2).
(The player often will go airborne prior to delivering the blow).
3. Delivering a blow in a flagrant manner to the throat, chin, or head area of the opponent. (9-12)
6. Summary
This should clearly define and increase your awareness of the defenseless player (9-1-4) and flagrant
acts against that player will require immediate ejection.
C. Ruling On Fumbles
If there is doubt regarding whether a player is down or has fumbled a live ball, The
ORGANIZATION’S philosophy will be that a live ball was fumbled. (Exception is when forward
progress has been stopped).
D. Formation and Alignments Prior To Snap
1. Scrimmage Downs Other Than a Kick (Punt or Field Goal):
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If the lineman’s head is NOT breaking the line through the centers backside, at the snap a foul will be
called. If the lineman’s head is between the centers backside and the centers waist, a warning will be
given to the HEAD COACH the first time this is noted. Subsequent to the warning, if the lineman’s
head is between the centers backside and the centers waist, at the snap a live-ball foul will be called
for illegal formation..
2. Scrimmage Kick Downs (Punt or Field Goal):
If the “lineman’s” head fails to break the line through the centers backside, a warning will be given to
the HEAD COACH the first time this is noted. Subsequent to the warning, if the lineman is in the
position described above, at the snap a foul will be called. If the “lineman’s” head is between the
center’s backside and waist, the players will be considered on the line of scrimmage.
3. Position of Receivers Scrimmage Downs Other Than Kick:
The position of the slot back in the offensive formation must be clear as to whether the player is on
the line of scrimmage or not. If the slot back’s head is between the lineman’s backside and his waist
(which is usually the tackle or tight end), the HEAD COACH should be warned. Subsequent to that, if
the back is aligned in the same area, we have an illegal formation. The back must be CLEARLY
aligned with his head behind lineman’s backside in order to be a foul. Do not be technical if it is a
wide out. When in question, it is not a foul.
4. False Starts By Team A Non Restricted Lineman and Backs:
Our guideline will be the same for backs or unrestricted linemen as it is for the interior or restricted
lineman. If a back or end on Team A makes a movement forward or appears to start the play (quick
movement backward, flinch with upper body, lurching forward prior to the snap), we will err on the
side of conservative and rule false start.
5. Formations During Trick Plays
Formations that are unusual in nature prior to the snap or formations in the execution of a trick play
must be legal at the snap. There will be no warning to the head coach. (An example would be the
swinging gate with all offensive lineman wide, and the snapper isolated in a different location on the
line of scrimmage, or a formation where the distance in the splits between the offensive linemen is 5
yards between each lineman).
6. Offside Team B
Anytime a defensive player shoots the gap between Team A lineman, and there is question whether
contact occurs with Team A linemen, err on the side of offside and shut the play down to avoid a free
shot at the quarterback or other player of Team A. If there is movement by the defense into the
neutral zone which causes the offensive player to react immediately, shut the play down and penalize
Team B.
E. BLOCK IN BACK
1. If one hand of the blocker is on the back of the opponent, and the other hand is on the opponent’s
side, it is a block in the back if the initial force or push is with the hand on the back.
2. If the initial force or push is with the hand on the opponent’s side, the block is from the side and
legal.
3. If the blocker is in “chase mode” (behind the opponent), all action must be from the side.
4. A block in the back will not occur if it occurs AFTER a fair catch is completed, the ball is dead in
the end zone, or away from the fair catch and contact away from the fair catch is MINOR.
5. Any block in back after the down is over can still be a dead ball personal foul if they are flagrant or
qualify as a personal foul (forearm to the back, helmet used to deliver a blow etc) In these instances
the penalty would be a personal foul.
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE
FOOTBALL OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION
(THE ORGANIZATION)
Part 2
6-Man Mechanics
22
I. Pre-Game Responsibilities
I. Crew Assignments:
Referee:
 Contact other game officials during the week prior to the game and notify them of starting time
and location of pregame conference.
All Officials:
 Arrive at game site at least two hours and fifteen minutes prior to the scheduled starting time.
Be prepared to participate in the pregame conference. If the Referee is delayed, the Linesman
is to conduct the Pre-Game and visit the team dressing rooms.
All Officials – General Timelines
The timelines below represent the suggested schedule for officials to be used during the season. The
referee has the option to arrive earlier if he wants an extended pre game period or other mitigating
circumstances.
(Time represents hours/minutes prior to scheduled kickoff).
2:15
2:00
1:05
1:00
Arrive At Stadium
All Dressed – Begin Pre game
Crew Leaves Together For Field (or sooner if field is a great distance away)
Crew On Field Assuming Responsibility For Game Control
Referee and Umpire Meet With HEAD Coaches
:40
Side Officials Meet With Support Personnel (Chains, Clock Operators etc)
:20
Crew Leaves Field After One Of The Teams Goes To Locker Room (Optional)
:08
Leave Locker Room As Crew. (or sooner if field is a great distance away)
:05
FJ/SJ take captains to field (or sooner if field is a great distance away)
:04
LJ/L take teams to field (or sooner if field is a great distance away)
:03:15 Captains To Mid Field
:03
Introductions and Coin Toss
Referee:
 One hour before the scheduled kickoff, visit each coach on the field or outside the official’s
locker room with the Umpire. Meet with the head coaches and,
o Give each coach a list of officials and indicate which official will be the ‘primary
communicator’ on their sideline.
o Get the names/numbers of their captains.
o Notify each coach of the scheduled kickoff time and when we will be coming for their
captains and team.
o Check with each head coach for any unusual plays or formations.
 Secure name of coaching staff personnel who will be responsible for sideline control of team
members and report this information to all officials.
Umpire:
 One hour before the scheduled kickoff, accompany Referee to visit each coach on the field or
outside the official’s locker room.
 Ask each head coach to verify verbally that all players are legally equipped in compliance with
NCAA rules.
 Examine any player equipment about which the coach or trainer has a question of legality.
 Review any questions regarding uniforms in compliance to NCFA Uniform requirements.
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Linesman:
 Check line-to-gain equipment when you first enter the field. Meet the chain crew 40 minutes
prior to kick off.
 Instruct chain crew in operation of line-to-gain equipment.
 Make sure that you have a clip for the chains and tape to mark the 5 yd spot.
Line Judge:
 Go with Linesman and assist with inspection of chains when you first enter the field.
 Inspect the field with the referee.
 Instruct Auxiliary chain crew if provided.
Field Judge:
 Responsible for securing correct time of day and carrying an accurate watch.
 Review starting time and be sure an auxiliary stopwatch is available for clock operator.
 When you first enter the field, observe the punter/receiver drills.
 Meet with and instruct game clock operator 40 minutes prior to kick off.
Side Judge:
 Be responsible for assisting all timing situations, primary responsibility for 25-second count
(play clock).
 Meet with and instruct 25-second clock operator, if one is provided, 40 minutes prior to kick off.
 When you first enter the field, observe the punter/receiver drills
Field Judge and Side Judge:
 Meet with and instruct ball person(s) 35 minutes prior to kick off.
II. Responsibilities
Following the Pre-Game Conference
All Officials:
 Enter field together at least sixty (60) minutes before game time.
 Perform duties in business-like manner.
 Performance and tempo sets tone for way in which the game will be officiated.
Referee:
 Inspect playing field and pylons with the line judge.
 Direct game management to remove any hazards on or near field.
 Observe passer(s) and kicker(s) noting which hand or foot they use in throwing/kicking the ball.
Umpire:
 You are the final authority on legality of equipment and compliance with NCFA uniform
requirements.
 Upon completion of pregame warm up, present each HEAD COACH with listing of players
who do not comply with NCAA equipment rules or NCFA rules regarding uniforms.
 Do not permit players to participate who are not legally equipped or permit the use of any illegal
equipment, including eye shields that are tinted or shaded.
Linesman:
 Secure and check the line-to-gain equipment and down markers plus all auxiliary equipment.
 Make sure the chains have tape at the 5-yard measurement.
 Check whether game management has distinctive vests or jackets for the crew.
 Instruct the chain crew on the operation of the line-to-gain equipment and their duties and
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responsibilities. Meet the chain crew on the visitor’s side of the field 40 minutes prior to kick off.
No less than 8 minutes before scheduled kickoff will leave official’s dressing area. (Optional)
Get team at not less than 4 minutes before scheduled kickoff; and have team at their sideline
and ready to begin the game at the conclusion of the coin toss.
Line Judge:
 Assist linesman to secure and check line-to-gain equipment.
 Inspect field with referee.
 Secure and check the auxiliary line-to-gain equipment and down markers if provided.
 Instruct the auxiliary chain crew on the operation of the line-to-gain equipment and their duties
and responsibilities.
 No less than 8 minutes before scheduled kickoff will leave official’s dressing area. (Optional)
 Get team at not less than 4 minutes before scheduled kickoff; and have team at their sideline
and ready to begin the game at the conclusion of the coin toss.
Field Judge:
 Meet with game clock operator on home teams bench 40 minutes prior to kickoff.
 Locate and instruct ball person(s) on your sideline at the home team’s bench 35 minutes before
kick off.
 No less than 8 minutes before scheduled kickoff will leave official’s dressing area. (Optional)
 Get team captains at not less than 5 minutes before scheduled kickoff; and have captains at
their sideline and ready to participate in coin toss.
Side Judge:
 Responsible for 25-second count as well as assisting with game timing.
 Meet with and instruct the 25-second clock operator, if one is provided, on home teams bench
40 minutes prior to kickoff
 No less than 8 minutes before scheduled kickoff will leave official’s dressing area. (Optional)
 Get team captains at not less than 5 minutes before scheduled kickoff; and have captains at
their sideline and ready to participate in coin toss.
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III. Coin Toss / Halftime / Overtime
Responsibilities
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U
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Press Box
Prior to the coin toss - Timelines
 The official toss will begin at the center of field three (3) minutes prior to start of game.
 At least five minutes before game time the Side Judge and the Field Judge are
responsible to escort team captains from locker rooms to the sidelines.
 At least four minutes before game time the Linesman and the Line Judge are responsible to
escort the teams from locker rooms to the sidelines.
Mid-Field Coin Toss:
 The Referee and Umpire will move to the middle of the field with 3 minutes and 30 seconds
left on the clock. They will assume a position at the opposite 45 yard lines facing the 50 yard
line. The Referee will face the end zone scoreboard.
 With 3 minutes and 15 seconds on the clock, Field Judge and Side Judge (with a ball in
hand) will escort captains toward the center of the field. (Do not wait for signal from
referee). The Field Judge and Side Judge will stop at the top of the numbers. Restrict all
other team members to the area between the nine-yard marks and the sideline. No team
personnel should be beyond the top of the numbers during the toss.
 The Line Judge and Linesman remain at the sideline with their respective teams.
 Deep and flank officials should be aware and work to insure that the teams, when entering
the field, move to their bench area and do not move into or through the area of the coin
toss.
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The Referee shall toss a coin at midfield in the presence of no more than four field captains
from each team and the Umpire, first designating the field captain of the visiting team to call
the coin toss. (Supplemental, Part One, C)
The winner of the toss shall choose one of the following options:
1. To designate which team shall kick off.
2. To designate which goal line his team shall defend.
3. Defer their option until the second half.
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The loser shall choose one of the above options for the half the winner of the toss did not
select.
The team not having the choice of options for a half shall exercise the option not chosen by
the opponent.
If the winner of the toss selects the second-half option, the referee shall use [S10].
Post Coin Toss:
 At conclusion of toss procedures and when captains have been dismissed, all officials move
together for final instructions from the Referee.
 All officials record which team has won the toss/deferred their choice to the second half and
at which end of the field the receiving team will receive the kickoff.
 The Field Judge/Side Judge will give the kicking team’s ball to the Umpire, who will place the
ball at the designated 35-yard line.
 At Referee's signal, hustle to kickoff positions.
 Field Judge should instruct clock operator to stop the game clock with one (1) minute
left prior to the kick off and set at 15:00 minutes in anticipation of the kick off. Field
judge will time the last minute prior to kick off.
Second half choices:
 The same mechanics shall be used escorting the captains to the center of the field as were
used during the original coin toss.
 After choices are completed, all officials come together at the center of the field for any final
instructions.
 At Referee's signal, hustle to kickoff positions.
 Field Judge should instruct clock operator to stop the game clock with one (1) minute
left prior to the kick off and set at 15:00 minutes in anticipation of the kick off. Field
judge will time the last minute prior to kick off.
Overtime procedure:
 The NCAA tiebreaker system will be used when a game is tied after four periods.
 NCAA football-playing rules apply.
 Immediately after the conclusion of the fourth quarter, officials will instruct both teams to retire
to their respective team areas. The officials will assemble at the 50-yard line and review the
tiebreaker procedures.
 The Field Judge and Side Judge will escort the captains to the center of the field for the coin
toss.
 The referee (facing the end zone scoreboard) shall toss a coin at midfield in the presence of
no more than four field captains from each team and the Umpire, first designating the field
captain of the visiting team to call the coin toss. (Supplemental, Part One, C)
 The winner of the toss shall choose one of the following options:
1. Offense or defense, with the offense at the opponent’s 25-yard line to start the first
series.
2. Which end of the field shall be used for both series of that overtime period.
Note: The winner of the toss may not defer his choice.
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The loser of the toss shall exercise the remaining option for the first extra period and shall
have the first choice of the two options for subsequent even-numbered extra periods.
The Referee will indicate the winner of toss by placing a hand on his shoulder:
Then position the offensive captain facing the goal toward which ball will be advanced and
defensive captain facing his opponent and opposite goal.
Give 1st down signal toward goal being used.
IV. BASIC FREE KICK POSITION
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G
S
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40
O
O
O
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O
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R
O
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All Officials – Interval Prior To Free Kick
The free kick following a PAT attempt or other scoring play should occur within one minute
after the previous play. This is necessary to keep the pace of the game consistent. The
following will occur:
1. The field judge is responsible for timing this one minute interval.
2. After the PAT or scoring play, the Field Judge will position himself on the 50 yard line. At
the :40 second mark the Field Judge will provide a quick blast of his whistle, then move into
the sideline huddle to bring his team on to the field.
3. The Side Judge should be monitoring the Field Judge, and when the Field Judge moves
into the sideline to bring out his team, the Side Judge should do likewise.
4. At the same time, the umpire should move to the middle of the field to meet the kicking
team.
5. The Linesman and Line Judge should move to their positions at the pylon and the Referee
should move to his position on the goal-line in the middle of the field.
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6. The umpire should hand the ball to the kicker as soon as he approaches, reminding the
kicker that once he has the ball, the ready for play signal will occur and the 25 second count
begins.
NOTE: If both teams are on the field ready prior to the timelines above, proceed with the
ready for play signal (unless radio or TV is involved).
Referee:
Before kick:
 Position at the goal line in the middle of the field.
 Count receiving team and confirm with visual signal with L and LJ.
 Check with Umpire. When he indicates players and other officials are ready, sound
whistle and give ready-for-play signal (S1) to kicking team.
 You are responsible for goal line from sideline to sideline. Be ready to rule on action
at or near goal line (touchback, safety, momentum, etc.).
After kick: (Supplemental, Part One, I, A)
 Kick down the middle (between the numbers):
o Signal clock to start when kick is touched legally in the field of play or
crosses the goal line after being touched legally by Team B in its end zone.
o Pick up runner and follow until releasing to covering official.
 Kick deep:
o Rule on touchback.
o If kick caught inside five (5) yard line and player is downed in end zone, or
ball goes out-of-bounds there, rule on whether player's momentum took him
into end zone and mark spot of catch with beanbag.
o On extremely deep kicks, be ready to rule at the end line.
 Kick to either side zone:
o Move cautiously with play.
o Observe action of players in vicinity of runner.
o Serve as clean-up behind, to side of, and around runner.
Umpire:
Before Kick:
 Initial position is with kicker.
 Count members of kicking team.
 Verify count with Field Judge.
 Identify members of the kicking team you are responsible for after the ball is kicked.
 Hand kicker the ball and remind him of play clock.
 Remain directly behind the football, or in front of the kicker (prohibiting the ball from
being kicked) until the referee gives the ready for play signal.
 When signaled by Field Judge, raise hand to signal Referee to blow whistle and
declare ball ready for play.
 Make sure at least 4 members of the kicking team on each side of kicker when the
ball is kicked.
After kick: (Supplemental, Part One, I, A)
 Initial responsibility is to protect kicker.
 After ball has gone downfield, move deliberately in the direction the ball was kicked
remaining positioned within the inbounds lines during the play.
 Watch for blocks below the waist, clipping, and holding in advance of the ball carrier
and other fouls away from the ball.
 On a long return into Team A’s territory, hold your position and after runner passes
your position on the field observe activity from the inside out as you trail play. Field
Judge and Side Judge have responsibility for the Team A goal line.
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Linesman and Line Judge:
Before kick:
 Be certain all non-team personnel are behind the limit lines.
 Move to your position at the goal line pylon on sideline opposite Line Judge or
Linesman when Field Judge and Side Judge move to bring their teams off the
sideline. (Supplemental, Part One, I, B)
 Count R players and confirm count with Referee and Line Judge or Linesman.
 Be ready to mark out-of-bounds spot if kick goes out-of-bounds in your area.
After Kick: (Supplemental, Part One, I, A)
 Kick to your side:
o Signal clock to start when kick is touched legally in the field of play if the kick
is received within 5 yards of your sideline. (Note: Referee will wind when ball
comes out of end zone.)
o Stay on the pylon until kick has ended, especially if kick is directed toward
your pylon. (May have to rule regarding out of bounds in the field of play or a
touchback).
o Pick up runner and follow.
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When kickoff goes inside the top of the numbers:
o Move slowly up field along your sideline toward the play after the kick has
ended and is in possession of Team B.
o Observe blocks by Team B directly in front of the runner.
o After observing the blocks by Team B directly in front of the runner, then
observe action of other players in vicinity of runner.
o Serve as clean up behind, to side of, and around runner.
o Maintain position, enabling coverage of your sideline at all times. You have
sideline responsibility from Team B (receiving team) end line to Team A’s
(kicking team) two yard line.
o You are responsible for progress on any play that goes to Team A’s (kicking
team) two yard line
When kickoff goes to the other side of the field: (Supplemental, Part One, I,B)
o Move quickly up field along your sideline toward the play.
o Observe blocks by Team B directly in front of the runner.
o After observing the blocks by Team B directly in front of the runner, then
observe action of other players in vicinity of runner.
o Serve as clean up behind, to side of, and around runner.
o Maintain position, enabling coverage of your sideline at all times. You have
sideline responsibility from Team B (receiving team) end line to Team A’s
(kicking team) two yard line.
o You are responsible for progress on any play that goes to Team A’s (kicking
team) two yard line.
o Be prepared to use cross-field mechanics to assist with progress spot if rund
ends on that side of the field.
Field Judge:
Before kick:
 Responsible for timing interval and moving to bring team on your sideline at
designated time
 Initial position is on the kicking team restraining line on the press box side of the field,
outside the sideline.
 Count members of the kicking team and confirm count with Umpire.
 Identify members of the kicking team that you will be responsible for after the ball is
kicked.
 Be alert to short free kicks and possible fair catch signals.
After kick: (Supplemental, Part One, I, A)
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After the ball is kicked, move 10-15 yards towards the receiver’s goal line.
Be alert to kickers voluntarily going out of bounds.
Throw bean bag to signify Team A player (kicking team) voluntarily OB.
Focus on critical area where contact will occur between the kicking and receiving
team.
Officiate from the outside and ahead of the runner by using fade mechanics.
You are responsible for blocking ahead of the runback.
Be ready to pick up runner on long runbacks.
Be on the goal line before runner crosses.
You have progress from the Team A (kicking team) two yard line to the Team A goal
line.
Side Judge:
Before kick:
 Initial position is on the receiving team restraining line opposite the press box side of
the field.
 Count members of the kicking team.
 After the ready for play signal from the referee, time the 25 second count.
 Identify members of the kicking team that you will be responsible for after the ball is
kicked.
 Be alert to short free kicks and possible fair catch signals.
After kick: (Supplemental, Part One, I, A)
 After the ball is kicked, move 10-15 yards towards the receiver’s goal line.
 Be alert to kickers voluntarily going out of bounds.
 Throw bean bag to signify Team A player (kicking team) voluntarily OB.
 Focus on critical area where contact will occur between the kicking and receiving
team.
 Officiate from the outside and ahead of the runner by using fade mechanics.
 You are responsible for blocking ahead of the runback.
 Be ready to pick up runner on long runbacks.
 Be on the goal line before runner crosses.
 You have progress from the Team A (kicking team) two yard line to the Team A goal
line.
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V. SHORT FREE KICK POSITION
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30
40
50
40
30
R
G
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Press Box
Referee:
Before the Kick:
 Initial positioning is at the 10-yard line in the middle of the field.
 Count receiving team.
 Check with Umpire. When he indicates players and other officials are ready, sound
whistle and give ready-for-play signal (S1) to kicking team.
After the ball is kicked:
 Be alert to possible fair-catch signals.
 Wind clock when ball is legally touched in the field of play.
 If ball is kicked deep follow runner and cover runback.
Umpire:
Before the Kick:
 Initial positioning is the same as for all free kicks, with kicker.
 When the ball is kicked, be sure Team A has 4 men on each side of the kicker.
After the ball is kicked:
 Focus on Kicker and action in center of field.
 Protect kicker within 5-yard zone
 Watch for illegal block and illegal touches.
 Watch for illegal touching of kick in the middle of the field (hash mark to hash mark).
 Be aware if the ball is kicked into the ground before becoming airborne.
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Linesman and Line Judge:
Before the Kick:
 Linesman: Initial positioning is on receiving team’s restraining line at sideline
opposite press box.
 Line Judge: Initial positioning is on receiving team’s restraining line at sideline on the
press box side.
 Count receiving team.
 Identify members of the receiving that you will be responsible for after the ball is
kicked.
After the ball is kicked:
 If ball is kicked to your side of field, you are responsible for legality of touching and
recovery/catch of the ball.
 If ball is kicked to the opposite side of the field, you are responsible for the legality of
any blocking/contact between the kicking and receiving teams.
Field Judge and Side Judge:
Before the Kick:
 Field Judge: Initial positioning is on the kicking team restraining line on the press box
side of the field.
 Side Judge: Initial positioning is on the kicking team restraining line opposite the
press box.
 Count members of the kicking team.
 Identify members of the kicking team that you will be responsible for after the ball is
kicked.
 Rule if Team A violates the restraining line prior to the kick.
After the ball is kicked:
 If ball is kicked to your side of field, you are responsible for legality of
blocking/contact between the kicking and receiving teams.
 Responsibility to rule on Team A players stepping out of bounds during the down.
 If ball is kicked to the opposite side of the field, you are responsible for the legality of
any blocking/contact between the kicking and receiving teams.
S - F - L - LJ:
 Determine legality of ball traveling 10 yards.
 Officials away from kick have responsibility to rule on legality of all blocks.
 Be aware of Team A (kicking team) voluntarily stepping out of bounds prior to
possession by Team B (receiving team). Mark the spot with your bean bag.
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VI. BASIC SCRIMMAGE POSITION
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Press Box
The following are basic mechanics for normal scrimmage action prior to and after the snap. Specific
play situations requiring mechanic adjustments are highlighted in subsequent sections.
Referee:
 Usual position is at least 5 to 7 yards deeper than the deepest back or backs (12-15 yards
behind the LOS) and outside/wider than the normal tight end position.
 Always work on the throwing arm side of the quarterback.
 Check the offensive formation and count the offensive players. Signal to Umpire with closed
fist in front of you, toward the line of scrimmage, to confirm that the offense has 11 players as
Team A leaves their huddle. Hold this signal until Team A reaches the line of scrimmage.
 Monitor the substitution process and verify that replaced players leave the field immediately.
 Responsible for legality of Team A substitutions as Team A leaves the huddle.
 You must be in position to view the quarterback’s arms and hands prior to the snap, the
legality of the snap, and interchange between the center-quarterback.
 Observe the Team A backs between the tackles (including the quarterback) for false starts,
and assist the Umpire if there is movement of restricted lineman.
 Be in a position where you may be comfortable to see the football, backs, and the Team A
tackle opposite your side, after the snap.
 Running plays:
o Observe action behind the line of scrimmage and the runner while he is behind the
line.
o Observe action on the Quarterback on hand-offs and pitchouts after the possession
changes to another Team A player.
o Observe runner behind the line of scrimmage until he goes out of bounds; coordinate
sideline coverage with L and LJ.
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o If runner is the quarterback, follow the player out of bounds.
o PROTECT THE QUARTERBACK AT ALL TIMES FROM FLAGRANT FOULS.
Passing plays:
o If pass is indicated drop at a 45-degree angle getting deeper and wider as
Quarterback drops back into pocket.
o Immediately following snap, watch the blocking technique of the Team A tackle on
the opposite side of the formation.
o As Quarterback drops back, observe action of assigned Team A tackle behind the
line. Switch from the tackle and observe drop back blockers who are now near and
around the Quarterback (your primary responsibility) until there is no threat of a foul.
o Insure that the Quarterback is not roughed or thrown to the ground. Verbally alert the
defenders when the passer has released the ball.
o Rule on intentional grounding. (The Referee may consult with other officials
regarding positions of eligible receivers in the vicinity or whether the pass crossed the
line of scrimmage).
o Rule on whether the quarterback was in the act of passing or if he fumbled.
(Supplemental, Part 1, Section 2, III. D. 7)
Umpire:
 Position variable according to the formations of both teams; avoid position that will interfere
with linebackers. Adjust distance behind the defensive line according to the width of Team A's
formation and (except on goal line or try situations) be at least 6 but seldom more than 8
yards deep. Whenever possible, coordinate your position with the R for best coverage of the
interior line play. Normal position is on side opposite the tight end.
 Count offensive players and signal to Referee as Team A breaks the huddle with an
extended arm and closed fist in front of you, toward the line of scrimmage, if the offense has
11 players.
 Hold your signal until Team A reaches the line of scrimmage.
 Read offensive alignment and know 5 ineligibles prior to the snap.
 Rule on illegal movement by restricted linemen prior to the snap and the legality of the snap.
 Rule on Team B offside or delay of the game prior to the snap
 Be certain the defensive team does not use words or signals to disconcert the opponents.
 At the snap, primary keys are the center and two guards. IF the play allows, observe the
action of Team A tackle on referee’s side of the formation.
 Running Plays
o Up the middle, read your primary keys which are the center and two guards. Watch
lead blocks. Do not watch ball and runner.
 Take progress from wing official.
o Into either side zone, read keys. Watch lead blocks. Do not watch ball and runner.
 Watch dead ball and action behind play.
 Hustle to numbers to receive and spot new ball.
 Passing Plays
o Be alert to possible illegal snaps, false start by offense, defense offside by contact.
o You can move up to the line when reading pass, you react to the drop of the linemen
o Focus attention on action involving the center and guards. Watch for potential chop
blocks.
o Be aware of touching in or behind neutral zone.
o Pivot and turn on passes. Help out when possible on catch/no catch.
o On interceptions and all change of possession plays, be alert for low blocks.
Linesman and Line Judge:
 Take original position on the line of scrimmage at the sideline/off the field.
 Read the offensive formation and know your eligible receiver responsibilities.
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In balanced formations you have the second and possibly the third receiver (at the
snap) on your side of the field.
o In trips (three receivers to your side), you have the third receiver.
o In stacked receivers, you have the third/deepest receiver in the stack.
Watch for illegal formations and false starts by offensive players.
Watch for offsides by the defense.
Be alert for the ‘freeze-play’. (Team B moving into the neutral zone prior to the snap, and the
center quickly snapping the ball while Team B is still in the neutral zone).
Indicate the offensive line of scrimmage by extended foot, and then take final position
straddling the neutral zone.
Cover man in motion going away from you for illegal motion. This man continues to be your
responsibility, even though he changes direction. (Does not relieve opposite official from
making obvious call).
If widest eligible receiver is off the line of scrimmage, hold arm extended towards the
backfield until the signal is acknowledged by the flank official opposite from you. Drop signal
if receiver goes and motion, and if the widest remaining receiver on your side of the formation
is off the line, provide a new signal.
The Linesman and Line Judge are responsible for counting for minimum of seven offensive
linemen. Look to the referee and umpire’s signal for 11 Team A players as Team A leaves
the huddle and approaches the line of scrimmage. If you count 4 players in the backfield, you
have a legal formation.
Running Plays
o Up the middle - Blocks and ball carrier
o Toward your side of field - Blocks in front of ball carrier, move to get progress at a 90
degree angle
o Away from your side of field - Back side blocks, provide the covering official with a
cross field progress spot.
o As you move up field, movement is a shuffle step until the play breaks downfield.
o Use cross field mechanics whenever possible. (Supplemental, Part One, III,B)
Passing Plays
nd
rd
o 2 receiver in from your sideline (3 receiver in if trips formation to your side).
o Stay at line of scrimmage until the ball is thrown or at the latest when it crosses the
line of scrimmage, then get progress.
o Watch eligible receiver/defender then zone and ball.
o Reverse fade on interceptions
 Back pedal and give up progress to FJ/SJ.
 Observe blocks in front of runner.
 Get to goal line if necessary.
 Clean up around dead ball spot and out-of-bounds.
 Watch dead ball action
Side Judge and Field Judge:
 Take original position 20 yards from the line of scrimmage at the sideline/off the field.
o Know down, distance, and clock status.
o Field Judge knows status of game clock.
o Side Judge observe start of the 25 second clock with the R’s ready signal.
o Side Judge check time consumed in snapping the ball and call 25-second infractions
 Know your eligible receiver responsibilities:
o In balanced formations you have the widest receiver (at the snap) on your side of the
field.
o In trips (three receivers to your side), you have the two widest receivers.
 Priority is given to following the receiver who ‘goes inside’ at the snap.
o In stacked receivers, you have the first two receivers.
 Again, priority is given to the receiver who ‘goes inside’ at the snap.
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Responsible for counting defensive team.
o Confirm count with each other using an extended fist extended toward the line of
scrimmage; once in agreement, drop hand. Observe defensive substitution process
and that replaced players leave the field immediately.
Running Plays
o You are responsible for action on or by the widest receiver on your side of the field.
Be alert to blocks below the waist, holding.
o Toward your side of field:
 Coordinate coverage with the HL/LJ.
 Maintain a 10-15 yard cushion. Be at the goal line when the runner crosses.
 You are responsible for ruling on action in advance of the runner.
 When the runner goes out of bounds, the LJ will mark the spot of forward
progress; you are responsible for cleaning up the action around the play and
in the team area if necessary.
 Have progress from Team B’s two yard line to Team B’s goal line.
o Away from your side of field
 Clean up behind the U.
 Be alert to personal fouls, and piling on/dead ball fouls after the ball becomes
dead.
 Cover action between you and the area of the runner once the play crosses
the line of scrimmage.
 Assist with forward progress (cross-field mechanics).
Passing Plays
o You are responsible for action on and by the widest receiver on your side of the
formation (widest two receivers on your side of the formation in trips).
o The deep official in whose direction a forward pass is thrown has goal line
responsibility and is to remain at the goal line pylon.
o The deep official opposite the direction a forward pass is thrown has responsibility for
the end line.
Counting Players – Scrimmage Plays
Referee and Umpire will have Team A (the offense).
Side Judge and Field Judge will have Team B (the defense).
o To confirm your count with your primary partner:
 If you have 11 players, you will hold an arm extended with the hand in a fist,
pointed toward the line of scrimmage;
 If you have less than 11 players, you will hold your hands near your waist,
with all fingers pointing toward the ground.
 If you have more than 11 players, you will make a short circular motion with
your hand near your waist and recount.
Excess Team B Players Prior To Scrimmage Down. (Supplemental Guidelines Part Two III B)
o If you count more than 11 players on Team B, count again. If Team A is at the line of
scrimmage and Team B is not attempting to remove the excess players from the
field, sound the whistle and call a dead ball foul against Team B.
o If Team A is at the line of scrimmage and Team B is attempting to remove the excess
players from the field, give Team B that opportunity. If the excess players do not get
off the field prior to the snap, the deep official on the offending team’s side will have a
dead ball 5 yard illegal substitution penalty. Do not allow the down to begin.
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VII. BASIC PASS COVERAGE RESPONSIBILITIES
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General Terminology Regarding Keys For Deep and Flank Officials.
 The general rule is not to key the same player as another official.
 In determining keys, the following definitions are needed for clarification purposes:
 Strength of the formation is determined by the number of eligible receivers on a particular
side of the offensive formation. It has nothing to do with the number of linemen on each side
of the center but rather the number of eligible receivers outside the tackles.
o Tight End - the end man on the line of scrimmage lined up no more than two yards
from the nearest offensive lineman.
o Back In Backfield - a player in the backfield between the tackles at the snap.
o Trips - three or more receivers outside an offensive tackle.
o Quads – four or more receivers outside an offensive tackle.
ALL:
 REMEMBER: Your keys are determined by the relative position of the eligible receivers at the
time of the snap. (The “snap-shot”.)
 If Team A player is in motion at the snap, his position at the snap (a picture or “snap-shot”)
dictates which official will cover the players.
 CAUTION: After the snap, do not release too quickly in assuming zone responsibility.
Observe the actions of the players on whom you are keying.
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Stay with your key until the player has cleared any potential contact with an opponent, has
moved into his pass route, or the evolving action of the play takes your focus to another part
of the field.
Referee:
 Position is at least 5 to 7 yards deeper than the deepest back or backs and outside/wider
than the normal tight end position.
 Always work on the throwing arm side of the quarterback.
 Retreat at a 45-degree angle, always working to get wider and deeper as the passer drops
back in the pocket.
 Observe blocking by the Team A tackle on the opposite side of the formation (quarterbacks
non passing arm).
 Stay behind and aside from passer - be deep enough and wide enough to be able to "see
through" the passer, observing the blocking in and around the pocket.
 Observe backs illegally blocking below the waist; observe that backs and lineman are not
clipping, holding, or chop blocking rushing defensive lineman.
 Do not release coverage too quickly - remain focused on the passer after the throw and
observe action around the passer.
 Be ready to rule on forward pass vs. fumble, grounding and other illegal forward passes, and
roughing the passer.
Umpire:
 Focus attention on action involving the center and guards.
 Watch for potential chop blocks.
 Make sure no lineman passes you prior to the forward pass being thrown.
 Be aware of touching in or behind neutral zone.
 On rollout passes, step forward to line of scrimmage and turn to observe blocking in front of
the passer as he rolls-out.
 Pivot and turn on passes. Help out when possible on catch/no catch.
 On interceptions and all change of possession plays, be alert for low blocks.
 In goal line mechanics, you have responsibility for passes crossing the line, and whether the
passer is beyond the line prior to the pass.
Linesman and Line Judge:
 Responsible for the second eligible receiver in from the sidelines to your side of the formation
(third receiver in from the sidelines to your side of the formation in trips).
 Hold the line of scrimmage and do not move downfield until after the ball has been thrown or
at the latest crossed the line of scrimmage.
 Observe action on your receivers - that the receiver is not held attempting to move downfield
and that the receiver is not illegally blocking or clipping defensive players (especially
linebackers).
 You have responsibility to rule on whether a forward pass has crossed the line of scrimmage.
(Exception: goal line mechanics).
 You have responsibility to rule on whether passer has crossed the line of scrimmage prior to
throwing a forward pass. (Exception: goal line mechanics)
 On any passes thrown toward your side of the field, primary responsibility to rule on direction
of the pass (whether the pass is forward or backward).
o For passes thrown after the first two steps by the passer (QB), the Referee will rule
on forward vs. backward.
 Reverse fade on interceptions (Supplemental, Part One, IV,B)
Side Judge and Field Judge:
 Responsible for the widest eligible receiver in the formation on your side of the field (widest
two receivers in the formation on your side of the field if in trips).
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Observe action on your keys (receivers) - that the receiver is not held attempting to move
downfield and that the receiver is not illegally blocking or clipping defensive players
(especially linebackers).
Initial positioning is at the sideline and off the field.
Observe contact on your eligible receiver and the defensive back.
Be alert to wide receiver voluntarily going out of bounds.
o Throw bean bag to signify receiver went OB. (Do not use your hat)
When the ball is snapped:
o Read your keys as dictated by the formation at the snap.
o Use ‘Fade Mechanics’ to maintain deep positioning (cushion) between yourself and
the players moving up field. Cover the play when ball is thrown into your area.
o When pass is thrown into your area watch the defender’s action on the receiver.
 Be alert for eligible receivers out of bounds.
 Throw your bean bag to signal an eligible receiver voluntarily out of bounds.
 Watch for holding or illegal contacting of eligible receivers and all contact
beyond the neutral zone both before and after the pass is thrown.
 Focus on initial contact between the shoulders and waist of the players
before and during the pass.
 When contact occurs on a pass that is deemed uncatchable, only the
covering official will give the uncatchable pass signal (after giving the
incomplete pass signal).
 When ruling on a pass reception involving the sideline, watch foot and then
ball. Give only incomplete signal if incomplete, timeout signal if complete. No
other signal(s) are necessary or warranted!
o The deep official in whose direction a forward pass is thrown has goal line
responsibility and is to remain at the goal line pylon, unless the pass is thrown deep
into the end zone on his side and the goal line is no longer threatened. The official
can move toward the back of the end zone along his sideline.
o The deep official opposite the direction of a forward pass that is thrown into the end
zone has responsibility for the end line. He should move toward the middle of the
end line if necessary on a play to the other side of the end zone.
Fade Mechanics’ (SEE Supplemental Mechanics Part One IV, A)
o Take a few steps back at the snap and observe the type of play as it unfolds. Begin
to ‘fade’ only when your 15-20 yard cushion is threatened.
Reverse fade on interceptions (Supplemental, Part One, IV,B)
o On interception run backs, switch responsibilities with the HL/LJ.
o You are responsible for the runner’s forward progress, the HL/LJ will rule on action in
advance of the runner.
o When the runner goes out of bounds, you will mark the spot of forward progress; the
HL/LJ is now responsible for cleaning up the action around the play and in the team
area if necessary.
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VIII.
PASS
COVERAGE
RESPONSIBILITIES
PASS
COVERAGE
RESPONCIBILITIES
(TRIPS(TRIPS)
OR QUADS)
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ALL:
CAUTION: After the snap, do not release focus from your keys too quickly in assuming zone
responsibility.
REMINDER: The terms “trips” or “quads” refer to the number of eligible receivers on one side of
the offensive formation prior to the snap. To the trips (or stack) side of the field:
o In trips, the Field Judge or the Side Judge will cover the two widest receivers.
 Priority is given to following the receiver who ‘goes inside’ at the snap.
o In stacked receivers, the field Judge or the Side Judge will have the first two
receivers in the stack.
 Again, priority is given to the receiver who ‘goes inside’ at the snap.
o The Linesman or the Line Judge will cover either the third receiver from the sideline
(trips); or, the deepest receiver in the stack.
 The side opposite trips is covered in the normal manner.
NOTE: If the offense lines up with four receivers to one side of the field, the Field Judge/Side
Judge will take the widest two receivers and the Linesman/Line Judge will take the third and
fourth receivers inside.
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IX. BASIC PUNT POSITION
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Referee:
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Initial position is 2 to 3 yards behind the kicker and wider than the normal tight end position of
the kicking foot side.
o See the ball from snap to kick.
o Be in position to see blockers, rushers, and kicker at the same time.
Count the kicking team (offense) and signal prior to Team A approaching the line of
scrimmage.
Be alert to the kicking team’s substitution process and timing. If Team A’s punt team leaves
the sideline and goes directly to the line of scrimmage without huddling, you are responsible
for insuring that Team B has time to substitute or “match up” with Team A.
Warn kicker if he is near the end line prior to the snap.
Watch blocking and action by players behind the line of scrimmage.
Observe action of and against the kicker. (Give signal #11 if ball is tipped.)
If the snap is unsuccessful or the punt is blocked, R is responsible for the Team A goal line,
and the status of the football (recovery). (Supplemental, Part One, II,D)
If the ball is loose near to or in Team A’s end zone due to a bad snap or blocked punt,
anticipate Team A player’s potential bat or kick of the loose ball out of Team A’s end zone in
order to deny Team B the opportunity to recover the ball.
After the ball is kicked, clear action behind the line of scrimmage; then, if kick remains in
bounds, observe player’s activity between your position and the umpire while proceeding
down field.
If the scrimmage kick is out of bounds beyond the line of scrimmage, it is the responsibility of
the deep officials or flank officials to mark and sell the out of bounds spot. Continue to
observe player activity for personal fouls or flagrant acts. (Supplemental, Part One, II,E)
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If kick is caught or recovered in bounds, be ready to use ‘reverse fade’ on return and be at
the goal line when runner crosses.
Umpire:
 Count offensive players prior to Team A approaching the line of scrimmage.
 Know the ineligibles and players with eligible numbers who are exceptions to the numbering
requirement and are replacing the 50 to 79s on the line of scrimmage.
 If Team A’s kicking team leaves the sideline and goes directly to the line of scrimmage, stay
over the football until the referee releases you.
 If the snap is mishandled or the punt blocked, move slowly toward Team A’s goal line
observing the action of the players around and in pursuit of the football. DO NOT WATCH
THE BALL. (Supplemental, Part One, II,D)
 Remind defense to avoid the snapper.
 Observe defensive man over center. (Avoid serious injury to the snapper.)
 Once the kicked ball is beyond the line of scrimmage, turn immediately and focus your
attention towards the return areas, with particular attention to clips or illegal blocks in front of
the runner who is returning the kick.
Linesman:
 Hold your positions until ball crosses the neutral zone.
 Observe action by and against the flyer immediately after the snap (and other members of
the kicking team) as they attempt to move up field on your side of the field.
 Assist Referee in knowing if kick is tipped by a blocker.
 On short line-drive kick, watch for ball being touched by K or R beyond the neutral zone
expanded.
 The Linesman MUST hold his position until the ball crosses the neutral zone, even after a
muffed snap or blocked kick. (Supplemental, Part One, II,D) Rule on whether or not the
kick has crossed neutral zone.
 If kick is caught or recovered in bounds, be ready to use ‘reverse fade’ on return and be at
the goal line when runner crosses.
 Reverse fade on punt returns (Supplemental, Part One, IV,B)
o Back pedal and give up progress to SJ.
o Observe blocks in front of runner.
o Get to goal line if necessary.
o Clean up around dead ball spot and out-of-bounds.
o Watch dead ball action
Line Judge:
 Release at the snap and begin to move down field. (Supplemental, Part One, II, E)
 Observe action by and against the flyer immediately after the snap (and other members of
the kicking team) as they attempt to move up field on your side of the field.
 If the snap is unsuccessful or the kick is blocked, stop and move into Team A backfield to
assist the referee with action around the football. (Supplemental, Part One, II,D)
 If kick is caught or recovered in bounds, be ready to use ‘reverse fade’ on return and be at
the goal line when runner crosses.
 Reverse fade on punt returns (Supplemental, Part One, IV,B)
o Back pedal and give up progress to SJ.
o Observe blocks in front of runner.
o Get to goal line if necessary.
o Clean up around dead ball spot and out-of-bounds.
o Watch dead ball action
Field Judge: (Supplemental, Part One, II,E)
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Initial Position is outside and 5 to 7 yards behind deepest punt receiver, on the same yard
line as the Side Judge (“straight-line”).
o When ball is snapped at far hash mark, be at top of the numbers on your side of the
field.
o When ball is snapped at middle of the field, be at bottom of the numbers on your side
of the field.
o When ball is snapped at near hash mark, be outside your sideline.
Set up on goal line to cover the pylon for a kick going out-of bounds when ball is snapped on
or inside B's 40-yard line.
Count Team B Players and confirm with Side Judge. (Supplemental, Part One, II,A)
rd
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Split the field 2/3 - 1/3 with the Side Judge.
rds
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o The Field Judge is responsible for 2/3 of the field, the Side Judge for 1/3 .
Remind yourself of possibility of illegal touching, fair catch, and fair catch interference
Remind yourself to mark spot where kick ends with beanbag.
rds
When it appears that the ball will land in your 2/3 of the field, you are responsible for the
status of the ball and action of the receiver as he attempts to catch the kick:
o Moving to a position so that when the receiver catches the kick, you are positioned
behind and to the side of the receiver at approximately a 45-degree angle and are
able to rule on validity of catch or signal, ruling on kick catch interference, and
following the ball if receiver fails to field kick.
o Rule of legality of fair catch, kick catch interference and batting by kicking team.
o Bean bag spot of illegal touching and/or spot where kick ends.
o Do not bean bag the end of the kick if Team A successfully catches the kick
after a fair catch, if the kick is allowed to roll to a stop without possession, or if
Team B downs the kick. (NOTE: If Team A signals for a fair catch, muffs the
ball, then successfully completes the catch, bean bag the spot where the ball
was first muffed).
If kick is caught or recovered in bounds and the runback is away from your sideline, cover
rd
runner until he enters the Side Judge’s 1/3 of the field.
If kick is caught or recovered in bounds and the runback is to your sideline, be ready to use
‘reverse fade’ on return and rule on the runner’s forward progress to the Team A’s two-yard
line.
If the kick is not caught, be ready to take ball into end zone and rule on touchback, give up
receiver.
o Be alert for batting violations.
If the flight of the kick is toward a sideline, move quickly to the out-of-bounds spot.
o Kick that is out of bounds in flight, the deep official on that side of the field is
responsible for and must sell the out of bounds spot.
rds
When it appears that the ball will not land in your 2/3 of the field, you are responsible
for:
o Covering the play in front of the receiver, especially the action by Team B against the
first Team A players (“the flyers”) at or near the catch. If Team A is blocked into the
receiver prior to the catch you must overrule and flag for kick catch interference.
o Cover action behind the runner if the run back is away from you.
o Being ready to take over runner if return is to your side.
o If the kick is returned to your side of the field you have the sideline responsibility to
Team A’s two yard line.
o If the kick is returned to the FJ’s side of the field, Watch the action of man who
signaled fair catch and does not touch the ball (prohibited from blocking).
Side Judge: (Supplemental, Part One, II,E)
 Initial Position is on the sideline and 5 to 7 yards deeper than the deepest receiver.
 Set up on goal line to cover the pylon for a kick going out-of bounds when ball is snapped on
or inside B's 40-yard line.
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Count Team B Players and confirm with Field Judge. (Supplemental, Part One, II,A)
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Split the field 1/3 - 2/3 with the Field Judge.
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rds
o The Side Judge is responsible for 1/3 of the field, the Field Judge for 2/3 .
Remind yourself of possibility of illegal touching, fair catch, fair catch interference
Remind yourself to mark spot where kick ends with beanbag.
rd
When it is obvious the kicked ball will clearly land in your 1/3 of the field, immediately
signal by extended arm towards B's goal line that you will take the ball. Once you have
signaled that you have the ball, you must stay with the ball even if it lands in the Field Judge’s
territory. You are then responsible for:
o Moving to a position so that when the receiver/runner catches the kick, you a
positioned behind and to the side of the receiver at approximately a 45-degree angle
and are able to rule on validity of catch or signal, ruling on kick catch interference,
and following the ball if receiver fails to field kick.
o Rule of legality of fair catch, kick catch interference and batting by kicking team.
o Bean bag spot of illegal touching and/or spot where kick ends
If kick is caught or recovered in bounds and the runback is away from your sideline, cover
rds
runner until he enters the Field Judge’s 2/3 of the field.
If kick is caught or recovered in bounds and the runback is to your sideline, be ready to use
‘reverse fade’ on return and rule on the runner’s forward progress to the two-yard line.
If the kick is not caught, be ready to take ball into end zone and rule on touchback, give up
receiver.
o Be alert for batting violations.
If the flight of the kick is toward your sideline, move quickly to the out-of-bounds spot
o Kick that is out of bounds in flight, the deep official on that side of the field is
responsible for and must sell the out of bounds spot.
rd
When it appears that the ball will not land in your 1/3 of the field, you are responsible for:
o Covering the play in front of the receiver and play behind the runner if the run back is
away from you.
o Being ready to take over runner if return is to your side.
o If the kick is returned to the SJ’s side of the field, watch the action of man who
signaled fair catch and does not touch the ball (prohibited from blocking).
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X. GOAL LINE POSITION
SNAP AT OR INSIDE THE 10- YARD LINE
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Referee:
 Take normal basic scrimmage positions and officiate as you would any other scrimmage
down.
 If necessary to stop clock to unpile players at the goal line only the Referee will stop the clock
and then will wind as soon as the pile is cleared.
Umpire:
 Use basic scrimmage play mechanics.
 On pass plays, you have responsibility for passes crossing the line or the passer crossing the
line prior to the pass being released.
 May need to assist wings with forward progress.
o Discuss means of communication during pregame.
o Never signal touchdown.
Linesman and Line Judge:
 Take regular position out of bounds at sideline.
 Cover your sideline to the end line, assisting the SJ and FJ on passes in the end zone at the
sideline.
 Cover the second (and possibly third) widest receiver to your side.
 When ball is snapped between the B 5 and B 10 yard line:
o If the down and distance at the snap indicates a run or short pass move off the
line of scrimmage at the snap, a little slower yet decisively toward the goal line as you
read the play. Be at the goal line when the ball crosses the goal.
o If the down and distance at the snap indicates a pass into the end zone begin to
move immediately to the goal line in order to be at the goal line when the ball
crosses.
 When ball is snapped from inside the 5-yard line go immediately to the goal line as quick as
possible.
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Field Judge and Side Judge:
 Initial position will be at the intersection of the sideline and the end line.
 Responsible for end line to the center of the field.
 Cover the widest receiver to your side of field.
XI. Reverse Goal Line Mechanics
Ball snapped at or inside 5 yard line going out
Referee
 Positioning is the same as for any other scrimmage plays.
 COMMUNICATE AND THINK GOAL LINE.
 Coverage is the same as for any other scrimmage plays.
Umpire
 Coverage is the same as for any other scrimmage plays.
Linesman
 Basic Positioning is same position as any scrimmage play
 Linesman has goal line responsibility when the ball is snapped at or inside 3 yard-line.
 Know down & distance, count offense, signal with LJ, identify formation, identify eligible
receiver, ensure legal snap, watch tackle, think “go to goal line”
 When ball is snapped at or inside the 3-yard line going out…
o Get to goal line immediately and officiate the play / rule on progress from there.
o Stay wide & see the ball
Line Judge
 Basic Positioning is same as normal scrimmage play.
 Remind self that first move is back to goal line when ball is snapped at or inside 5 yd line.
 Know down & distance, count offense, signal with HL, identify formation, identify eligible
receiver, ensure legal snap, watch tackle, think “go to goal line”
 When ball is snapped at or inside the 5-yard line going out…
o Get to goal line immediately and officiate the play / rule on progress from there.
o Stay wide & see the ball
Field Judge and Side Judge
 Coverage is the same as for any other scrimmage plays.
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FIELD GOAL AND TRY FOR POINT POSITION
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Referee (Supplemental, Part One, II,A)
 Take position mid-way between holder and kicker outside the normal tight end position and
facing the holder. See the ball from snap to kick. Be in position to see blockers, rushers, and
kicker at the same time.
 Be alert to possible fakes and or bad snaps. (Supplemental, Part One, II,B)
 Referee is responsible for action by and on kicker and holder.
 On fakes observe action behind the line of scrimmage and the runner while he is behind the
neutral zone.
o Cover passer if runner throws a legal forward pass.
 Reverse fade on kicks that are returned by Team B.
o If kick is caught or recovered in bounds, be ready to use ‘reverse fade’ on return and
be at the goal line when runner crosses.
Umpire (Supplemental, Part One, II,A)
 Basic positioning is same as for all scrimmage downs
o Always be able to see the snapper’s hands.
 Count kickers. Be alert to defense using words or signals to disconcert the opponents.
 After snap, watch for:
o Immediate contact with snapper.
o Holding and personal fouls.
o Watch for defense using teammate or opponent to gain leverage to block kick.
o Defender running up, leaping, and landing on any player.
 Close on pile after kick is away and clean up action.
 On fakes move to scrimmage. (Supplemental, Part One, II,B)
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Linesman and Line Judge (Supplemental, Part One, II,A)
 Basic Positioning is same as any scrimmage play
o Know down & distance, count offense, signal with opposite flank official to identify
formation, identify eligible receiver, ensure legal snap, watch wing back, think kick
rules (no low blocks).
 After snap watch blocking at the corner and wing back
 Observe Team B player running forward to line of scrimmage, leaping and landing on any
player.
 On fakes you have sideline responsibility to the end line. (Supplemental, Part One, II,B) You
also have goal line responsibility. Be at the goal line pylon and ready to rule on possible
touchdown if necessary.
 Reverse fade on kicks that are returned by Team B (Supplemental, Part One, IV,B)
o Back peddle & beat them to the goal line. HL/LJ has responsibility for blocks in front
of runner.
Field Judge and Side Judge
 Take position inside the limit line to look up the upright of the goal on your side of the field.
 Count Team B players and verify count.
 Read the offensive formation and determine your player responsibility. (Supplemental, Part
One, II,A)
 Be alert for blocked or ‘fake kick’. (FIRE!)
 After the snap
o Be ready to rule on success or failure of field goal/try attempt.
o Be alert for fake field goal attempts; be ready to cover runs or passes.
o Be alert for illegal touches or batting.
o Be alert for ball striking an upright or crossbar.
 (If ball strikes crossbar FJ is responsible for ruling over under.)
o Sideline and end line coverage.
 On fakes and blocked kicks: (Supplemental, Part One, II,B)
o When the ball is snapped outside the 25-yard line:
 Move at a 45-degree angle to the intersection of the goal line and sideline on
your side of the field. Be at the pylon. FJ/SJ have goal line responsibility.
o When the ball is snapped on or inside the 25-yard line:
 Side Judge will move to the goal line in the center of the field. The field
judge will remain on the end line. Side Judge will assist ruling whether
runner breaks the plane of Team B’s goal line.
 Field Judge will rule on plays that challenge the end line.
 When ruling, if the play is near the sideline, the covering official must make
eye contact with the flank official prior to making a touchdown signal to insure
that the flank official does not have a different ruling (player out of bounds).
 Reverse fade on kicks returned by Team B. (Supplemental, Part One, IV,B)
o If the return is to your side of the field, you are responsible for his forward progress to
the opponent’s 2-yard line. The flank official will cover action in front of the runner
and is responsible for cleaning up the action around the play and in the team area if
necessary.
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE
FOOTBALL OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION
(THE ORGANIZATION)
Part Three
Administrative
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Six-Man Mechanics
General Game Duties
Referee
 Substitutions and Counting Players
o R (and U) is primarily responsible for counting offense.
o Count offense while in their huddle; observe their substitution process, note location
of replaced players when offense breaks their huddle.
o Give visual signal to confirm count with Umpire and to assist flank officials.
 Down, distance and clock status
o At the end of the down, communicate with and signal HL the next down.
o After the ready for play, observe the game clock status, as well as the 25 second play
clock if one is in use.
 Penalty Enforcement
o When a foul or fouls are reported, immediately give preliminary signal.
o If choice is obvious, make announcement and proceed with enforcement or
declination.
o If choice is not obvious, explain foul or fouls and options to the captain.
o When penalty is to be enforced, instruct Umpire as to point of enforcement and
yardage.
o While Umpire is marking off yardage, take position in the clear and signal foul, team;
and acceptance, declination, or offset to press box.
 Measurements
o When spotting the ball after each play be alert to the possible need for a
measurement. Avoid unnecessary measurements; however, if in doubt, measure.
o When the ball becomes dead in the side zone or out of bounds, the measurement
should be from at the dead ball spot. Following the measurement the ball will be left
in the side zone and an alternate ball will be placed at the in bounds spot.
o After Linesman and Umpire are ready, observe the relative position of the ball and
the line to gain; then, announce your ruling and signal first down if indicated.
o Remain near the ball and announce down and distance. Get ready signals from
captains and Linesman. Once Linesman is ready, signal ball ready for play.
 Timeouts
o Indicate a full-length charged timeout by prolonged pointing to the requesting team;
both arms extended shoulder high giving three chucks in its direction.
o For thirty-second time out, indicate by tapping hands on shoulders.
o Check with Umpire the number of time outs charged to each team.
o Notify head coach when his team timeouts are exhausted.
o For referee’s time out, indicate by tapping chest with hands.
 End of Quarter
o When time expires, sound whistle only if ball is dead. Indicate the end of a period by
holding the ball overhead in one hand.
o At close of the first and third periods, note yard line, field position, down, distance.
Then move ball to exact position at opposite end of the field.
o Do not resume play until one minute has elapsed. Check with Field Judge for timing.
 End of Half
o When time expires, sound whistle only if ball is dead. Indicate the end of a period by
holding the ball overhead in one hand.
o From the end zone give clear signal to start the clock to time the intermission
between halves after the teams have left the field.
o At close of the second period, turn ball over to Field Judge.
 End of Game
o Indicate the end of a period by holding the ball overhead in one hand.
o Leave field as a group and complete foul report immediately after the game.
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Umpire
 Substitutions and Counting Players
o Always count offense (and confirm w/ Referee) or kickers.
 Down, distance and clock status
o Use wristbands.
o Also, always know ball location – previous spot.
 Penalty Enforcement
o After option is accepted, step off penalty with linesman.
o Verify proper enforcement with Linesman and Line Judge.
 Measurements
o Take forward stake from chain crew.
o Wait until clip is ready.
o Extend chain.
o Stay clear of press box.
 Timeouts
o Record on card. Keep track.
o Check with Referee the number of time outs charged to each team.
o Stay over ball until R is ready to signal ready for play.
 End of Quarter
o Record down, distance, yard line and ball location.
o Relocate ball at opposite end of field with Referee.
o Verify with Linesman.
 End of Half
o Discuss any problems or concerns with crew.
o Stay mentally prepared.
Linesman
 Substitutions and Counting Players
o Observe substitutes and count offense.
o All officials are responsible for the legality of substitutions.
o Be particularly aware of player and/or substitutes entering or leaving on your sideline.
o Be aware of substitutions to deceive
 Down, distance and clock status
o You are primarily responsible to know correct down and distance every play
 Penalty Enforcement
o Mark off all penalties with the Umpire. Verify accuracy.
o All officials are responsible to check and verify that the penalty has been properly
enforced.
 Measurements
o Take the clip into the field.
o Box is at forward stake with old down
o If not a first down personally reset the chains.
 Timeouts
o Record timeout, notify coach, watch huddle near sideline
 End of Quarter
o Record down & distance, move chains.
o Verify that ball has been relocated correctly.
 End of Half
o Make certain chain crew will meet you at the 50-yard line at the beginning of the
second half.
Line Judge
 Substitutions and Counting Players
o Count offense and help with twelve in the huddle.
o Be particularly aware of player and/or substitutes entering or leaving on your sideline
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





o Be aware of substitutions to deceive.
Down, distance and clock status
o Primarily responsible for stopping clock on first downs.
o Communicate with referee when ball is close to the line-to-gain.
Penalty Enforcement
o Stay at spot of enforcement until mark off and correct ball placement.
o All officials are responsible to check and verify that the penalty has been properly
enforced.
Measurements
o Place foot at spot for HL to place clip.
Timeouts
o Record quarter, time and number of player who called T.O.
o Prepare to notify coach when T.O. complete.
o Notify coach of timeouts remaining.
End of Quarter
o Record yard line, down and distance.
o Proceed downfield and confirm proper ball placement.
End of Half
o Proceed off field with team and watch for confrontation with opponent.
Field Judge
 Substitutions and Counting Players
o Count defense and confirm with SJ.
 If 11 players – extended fist pointed in front of body
 If 10 players – hands down at waist level
 If more than 11 players – winding finger signal at waist level, then recount
 Kill play (blow whistle) and throw flag if you confirm more than 11 on defense
before snap and defense is not attempting to leave the field.
o All officials are responsible for the legality of substitutions. Be particularly aware of
player and/or substitutes entering or leaving on your sideline.
o Count players before every free kick and scrimmage down. You (and the SJ) are
primarily responsible for counting the defense. Confirm your count with the SJ.
 Down, distance and clock status
o Be alert to the correct down, distance, and clock status prior to every snap.
 Penalty Enforcement
o You are responsible for reporting the type of foul, number of player who fouled, and a
brief description of ‘What he did’ to the Head Coach on your sideline.
 Measurements
o Place hand on ball to make sure it is not moved during measurement. Your body as
well as position of your hand on the ball should be on the defensive team’s side of
the ball.
 Timeouts
o Responsible for monitoring all time out intervals, notify referee when 30 seconds
remain.
o Confirm the time out and verify the number of time outs remaining with the crew.
o Relay the number of time outs remaining to the Head Coach on your sideline.
o Take a position half way between your team and the team area. Be ready to call the
team captain/players back to the huddle when signaled to do so.
 End of Quarter
o Make sure play does not start if game clock runs to “00” before snap
o Record down, distance, and location of the ball on the field.
o Verify that ball has been relocated correctly.
 End of Half
o Time half time (20-minute intermission) start when Referee gives wind-the-clock
signal
53
o
Tell crew when to go back onto field for second half
Side Judge
 Substitutions and Counting Players
o Count defense and confirm with FJ.
 If 11 players – extended fist pointed in front of body
 If 10 players – hands down at waist level
 If more than 11 players – winding finger signal at waist level, then recount
 Kill play (blow whistle) and throw flag if you confirm more than 11 on defense
before snap and defense is not attempting to leave the field.
 Down, distance and clock status
o Confirm down with FJ.
o Give cross wrist signal if line to gain is more than ten yards
o Confirm that 25-second clock has started w/ Referee’s ready for play
 Penalty Enforcement
o If you have a penalty, report it to Referee
o Cover flag or ball if not involved with penalty
o You are responsible for reporting the type of foul, number of player who fouled, and a
brief description of ‘What he did’ to the Head Coach on your sideline. .
 Measurements
o During a measurement, move to the sideline with the down box, and set the down
box at the correct spot and down after measurement is completed.
 Timeouts
o Record time out information on game card
o Confirm time outs each team has remaining with FJ.
o Relay the number of time outs remaining to the Head Coach on your sideline.
 End of Quarter
o Move to approximate new spot for team reference where next snap will occur
o Time interval between quarters, notify Referee when ready to play
 End of half
o Monitor teams leaving field
54
CHAIN CREW PROCEDURES
The following standard set of instructions to boxmen and chain crews has been adopted so that all
crews will operate under the same set of procedures in NCFA football games. Top performances by
boxmen and chain crewmembers are essential to the administration and conduct of games, and all
shall carefully observe these instructions.
PRE-GAME DUTIES
1. Home management is to appoint the boxmen and chain crews. They will wear uniforms
designated by the home school; with contrasting slip over jackets or vests to distinguish them
from game officials and other sideline occupants.
2. Chain crew personnel shall report to the Linesman on the field no later than forty (40) minutes
before game time. He will discuss this set of instructions thoroughly with the chain crew. The
Linesman shall then make certain the chains and the official down box have been placed on
the sideline opposite the press box, with the auxiliary box on the other side of the field, and
that all are in good working condition. If available, a spare set of chains should be located on
the Linesman’s side of the field.
3. Chainmen and boxmen shall meet the Linesman on the sideline opposite the press box five
(5) minutes before game time and also five (5) minutes before the end of halftime
intermission.
GAME PROCEDURES
1. Members of the chain crew must act only on the Linesman’s instructions, not moving until
signaled to do so by the Linesman, and then quickly to new positions. Exception: The chain
crew will be instructed to remain in place if they see a flag even though signaled to move.
2. When a runner or pass receiver is going out of bounds and in his (their) immediate vicinity,
the involved chainman (and/or boxman) should move backward taking the stake (or box) out
of the area to prevent possible injury to players. The chainman away from the play should
hold his spot if possible.
3. The Linesman will personally set the spot of all first downs by going to the sideline and
marking, while facing the field of play, the exact spot where the rear stake will be set. The
forward chainman will then be sure the chain is extended to its full length before setting his
stake.
4. The boxman (chain side) on every new series of downs will set the box at, and in front of, the
rear chain stake. The clip person will place a clip on the chain at the point where the nearest
five (5) yard line intersects the chain. The box must be held in an upright position at all times
with the down correctly shown. The entire crew will back away from the sideline to the six-foot
reference points (or six feet) and reset the chains and box. The clip person will set the chain
and allow each stake person to pull the chain tight. The Linesman must impress upon the
crew the importance of accurately setting the chains straight back off the sideline.
5. The boxman is to show the number of the down just completed and shall not indicate the new
down until so notified by the Linesman. On instruction from the Linesman, he will move the
box to the new position (six feet away from the sideline) with the marker placed at the forward
point of the ball and then change to the correct down.
6. On all measurements for a first down, when the chains are moved onto the field, the boxman
(chain side) is to place his box in the spot of the front stake until a new series of downs has
55
been declared or the chain is returned to its previous position. Exception: If a penalty was
called on the previous play, the box must remain at the previous spot.
7. The position of the alternate boxman on the press box side of the field is not official and he
will set his auxiliary box (six feet of the sideline) so that his position agrees with the official
indicator. The alternate boxman is to delay moving until after the chains have been set and
the ready for play signal on the succeeding down is given by the Referee. It is important that
the boxman on the side opposite the chain crew hold the previous spot on all long passes,
runs and kicks so that this spot will be available in case of need to return to it. The chain crew
will, therefore, move immediately on the Linesman’s signal, with the boxman on the opposite
side of the field delaying until the ready for play signal is given and he is sure no foul has
been called on the previous play.
8. In addition to the chain and down indicator on the side away from the press box, NCAA
institutions may use a ground target marker. The ground target marker will be placed
approximately 6 inches in front of the forward stake, perpendicular and adjacent to the
sideline by the member of the chain crew carrying the front “stake” of the chain. On the press
box side, in addition to the auxiliary box at the line of scrimmage, a ground target marker will
be operated. The sideline crew member operating the auxiliary box or another person will
also be equipped with a ground target marker which will be placed on the ground
approximately 6 inches in front of the forward stake, perpendicular and adjacent to the
sideline. The auxiliary box and ground target markers will be unofficial. No additional field
markings are needed for this procedure.
9. The boxmen will place the down indicaton the line of scrimmage (six feet off the sideline) on
all try for point situations. This will aid players and officials in determining the line of
scrimmage on plays toward the sidelines. The chains are to be laid down outside the limit
line.
10. Whenever a first down is established inside the opponents’ ten-yard line, the chains are to be
laid down outside the limit line and only the down indicator will be used. A clip should be
attached to the chain for the first down should it become necessary to return to that spot.
11. If the sideline becomes crowded and the chain crew does not have room to efficiently
discharge its duties, the crew is to notify the Linesman immediately so that he may call a
timeout and clear the sidelines before allowing the game to proceed.
12. If the game is delayed for any reason, the chain crew will remain with the officials.
13. Football is a game of “inches” and complete concentration of the chain crew is absolutely
necessary if it is to discharge its duties effectively. The chain crew must refrain from showing
any reaction to the events taking place on the playing field. It must be prepared to act
immediately on the instructions of the Linesman so that players, coaches, writers,
commentators and statisticians will know the exact situation concerning down and line to
gain.
56
CHAIN CREW INSTRUCTIONS
(For distribution to chain crew members)
1. Act only on the Linesman’s instructions. Do not move until signaled to do so by the Linesman,
and then move quickly to new positions unless you see a flag.
2. When a runner or pass receiver is going out of bounds in your immediate vicinity, move
backward taking the stake (or box) out of the area to prevent possible injury to players. The
chainman away from the play should hold his spot if possible.
3. The Linesman will personally set the spot of the rear chain stake on all first downs. The
forward chainman will be sure the chain is extended to its full length before setting his stake.
4. The boxman (chain side) on every new series of downs will set the box at, and in front of, the
rear chain stake. The clip person will place a clip on the chain at the point where the nearest
five (5) yard line intersects the chain. The box must be held in an upright position at all time
with the down correctly shown.
5. The entire crew will back six feet away from the sideline and reset the chains and box. The
clip person will set the chain and allow each stake person to pull the chain tight. Accurately
setting the chains straight back off the sideline is critical.
6. The boxman is to show the number of the down just completed. Do not indicate the new
down until so notified by the Linesman; then, move the box to the new position with the
marker placed at the forward point of the ball and then change to the correct down.
7. On all measurements for a first down, when the chains are moved onto the field, the boxman
(chain side) is to place his box in the spot of the front stake until a new series of downs has
been declared or the chain is returned to its previous position. Exception: If a penalty was
called on the previous play, the box must remain at the previous spot.
8. The alternate boxman will set his box, six feet off the sideline, so that his position agrees with
the official indicator. The alternate boxman is to delay moving until after the ready for play
signal for the succeeding down has been given by the Referee. The alternate boxman must
hold the previous spot on all long passes, runs, kicks, and at the end of the first and third
quarters so that this spot will be available in case of need to return to it.
9. A ground target market will be placed approximately 6 inches in front of the forward stake
adjacent to the sideline by the member of the chain crew carrying the front “stake” of the
chain. The auxiliary boxman or another person will also place a ground target marker
adjacent to the sideline at the line to gain.
10. The boxmen will place the down indicator on the line of scrimmage (six feet off the sideline)
on all try for point situations. The chains are to be laid down outside the limit line.
11. Whenever a first down is established inside the opponents’ ten-yard line, the chains are to be
laid down outside the limit line and only the down indicator will be used.
12. If the sideline becomes crowded and the chain crew does not have room, notify the
Linesman immediately so that he may call a timeout and clear the sidelines.
13. If the game is delayed for any reason, the chain crew will remain with the officials.
14. Refrain from talking with players, coaches or other persons on the sidelines and from
showing any reaction to the events taking place on the playing field. Be prepared to act
immediately on the instructions of the Linesman.
57
BALL PERSON PROCEDURE AND INSTRUCTION
(For distribution to Ball Persons)
It is important that each crew instructs and work with Ball Persons uniformly throughout the season.
Consistency from all our officials is an expected mechanic. The FJ and SJ will instruct the Ball
Persons at their pregame meeting. Ball Persons must be at least 16 years of age.
The meeting with Ball Persons shall take place on the field in the home team’s bench area. This
should occur about 35 minutes before kick off. Ball Persons will be in uniform (e.g., pull over vest in
orange or red, etc.) that distinguishes them from other game administration persons.
Content of Meeting with Ball Persons (by FJ with SJ):
1) Introduce yourself and record first names of Ball Persons on your game card. Specify the side of
the field you will be working. Tell Ball Persons the name of the official working opposite you.
2) Assign persons to side of field they will be working. Try to pair an experienced person with one
with less experience. If you have more than four Ball Persons, assign extras to be 'shuttle'
runners.
3) 'Pep Talk' to Ball Persons about their importance to the orderly flow and administration of the
game. Make them feel important to the game's success. Be sure they understand the need to
focus on the game with their undivided attention without being distracted or expressing partially to
either team.
4) If raining or wet field conditions, make sure they have enough towels to aid in drying balls. Also,
we may need a new dry ball for each down when we are using 'wet ball' mechanics.
5) Give Ball Procedures to Ball Persons: (Generally each team will have their footballs on their side
of the field only. Adjust the following comments when necessary to reflect the fact that when the
ball persons “team” is on offense, you will use need him on every play!!)
a) Prior to game, FJ and SJ will need a ball from the team on their sideline for the coin toss.
b) For normal scrimmage plays, one Ball Person positioned slightly ahead of the line of
scrimmage, another Ball Person positioned 10 yards down field. Stay away from players
when possible and stay at least 6 feet from sideline when the ball is in play.
c) For free kicks, position Ball Persons near 30-yard line of receiving team for normal kickoffs
(at about 50 yard line for free kick after a safety). Adjust position if there is a penalty.
d) Ball Persons shall carry one ball from each team with them. Keep a ball of the team in
possession in throwing hand. If Ball Person is a member of a team, he will handle his team’s
footballs only.
e) When play ends on your side, come to sideline holding correct ball up and in front so official
can see it. DO NOT come onto field. Relay or hand ball to official on his request.
f)
A new ball will be required when a play ends between the numbers and sideline. If ball goes
out of bounds, we will need any ball to spot at sideline. The correct ball will then be relayed
into field of play for spotting at the hash mark for the next play.
g) If ball goes out of bounds on pass or run, we will bring in a new ball from that sideline. The
other Ball Person should retrieve the old ball if necessary.
58
h) Ball Persons retrieve all balls out of bounds and some long passes away from all players and
after the play is over.
i)
Tell your Ball Persons which mechanic you will use after a change of possession - ball
always coming in from the side of field with the team that will next put the ball in play.
j)
After any try or successful field goal, UMP will come to side of scoring team to get a ball for
the next kickoff. Be at 15-yard line to complete this exchange. Give UMP a ball of the team
that will next kick off.
k) Try to keep at least two balls of each team on both sides of field. Use 'shuttle' persons, if
available, to keep this balance. Extra Ball Persons can assist in retrieving kicked balls after
field goals and trys, even if the ball goes into the stands.
l)
Give last used ball to Ball Persons before leaving field when the first half and game ends.
m) Ball Persons will be responsible for balls at halftime. Keep balls in team bags and be ready
when officials come back onto field for 2nd half (5 minutes before 2nd half kick off). FJ will get
a ball from Ball Persons for the 2nd half kick off.
n) Instruct Ball people to make sure all balls are returned to each team in their team bags
after the game is over.
We should be consistently thorough in our meetings with the Ball Persons throughout the season.
Even with an experienced set of people, avoid rushing instructions. For new Ball people, be patient
and do not leave a point until it is understood. It is a good idea to provide newer people with a Ball
Persons Instruction Sheet for them to study.
59
PLAY CLOCK (25 SECOND CLOCK) PROCEDURES AND INSTRUCTION
The play clock (25-second field clock) is the official delay of game timepiece. The 25-second clock
operator will work under the supervision of the Side Judge and will report to him before the game for
instructions in or near the officials’ dressing room or on the field near the press-box sideline. Discuss
with them the procedures for field to press box communications (coordinate with FJ).
The 25 Second Clock Operator will be instructed to:
1) Set the clock display to 25 seconds before the game starts.
2) Start 25-second clock on the Referee's Ready-for-Play signal or Wind-the-Clock signal,
whichever comes first.
3) Leave display at '00' seconds if there is a delay of game penalty called until Referee has
completed his signals to the press box after enforcing the delay of game penalty.
4) Reset display immediately to 25 seconds when ball is put in play (snapped) if there is no delay
foul called.
5) Reset display to 25 seconds anytime Referee interrupts 25-second count and gives the reset
signal (palm up with pumping arm motion).
6) Turn off both displays should either 25 second clock malfunction or become inoperative. Both 25second clocks will not operate again until the problem is corrected and both 25-second clocks are
working. Both coaches will be notified immediately if the 25-second clock is no longer official. 25second count will then be kept on the field by SJ on his watch. When doing this, SJ raises his
hand when 10 seconds remain in 25-second count.
7) Do not use 25-second clock when less than 25 seconds remain in any period if game clock IS
running. If 25-second clock is mistakenly started in this situation, DO NOT stop game or game
clock to correct. If the game clock is not running when less than 25 seconds remaining in any
period, use the 25-second clock.
8) NOTE: If the 25-second clock is erroneously started, it shall be stopped immediately. The FJ may
be asked to help the Referee determine the amount of time lost when the clock is stopped for
reasons beyond the circumstances of either team. The amount of time run off the 25-second
clock can be used to determine the amount of lost time.
60
GAME CLOCK OPERATOR PROCEDURES
The game clock is the official game timepiece. The assigned game clock operator (Timer) will work
under supervision of the Field Judge. Timer will report to Field Judge on the home team’s sideline 40
minutes before game time for instructions.. Discuss with them procedures for field to press box
communications. This includes location of Timer in press box and location of field phones for press
box communication. Tell SJ of these arrangements should there be a concern with 25-second clock
and SJ needs to talk to 25-second clock operator.
During pregame meeting, FJ gives other officials correct time. Confirm game start time and length of
halftime with home management. If TV or Radio game, coordinate with Liaison person and Referee,
making sure all agree on the number of TV/Radio timeouts per quarter and length of TV/Radio
timeouts. Tell REF and UMP when to meet with coaches. Notify crew when time to go onto the field.
Carry or wear extra watch with you during the game.
Items to cover with Game Clock Operator are:
1) Synchronize FJ's watch with Timer's watch. Make sure Timer has an extra timing device or
stopwatch if Timer needs to MANUALLY time the game by hand if game clock breaks. Field
Judge WILL NOT time game on the field. Timer must then locate himself on the sidelines near
the FJ as long as he has to manually time the game.
2) Find out if the clock is working properly. Note any problems or situations (e.g., parts of clock not
working, Timer cannot wind clock up - only down, blind spots on field, etc.). Tell Timer a horn or
buzzer should not sound when clock runs down to '00' and a play is still in progress. Horn or
buzzer should only go off after last play of a quarter is over. It may be necessary to turn off the
horn or buzzer function (if possible) to prevent it from going off prematurely.
3) Field clock is to start running down 60 minutes before game start. When the game clock reaches
one (1) minute prior to kick off for EACH half, have Timer reset to 15 minutes - normal time for a
quarter. FJ times the one-minute before kickoff for each half.
4) Discuss with Timer the standard officials’ signals that affect the clock (when to start or stop clock).
The game clock is to start or stop solely on signals from the officials. The Timer IS NOT to
anticipate a timing rule and start or stop the clock on his own.
5) When first and third quarter ends, reset clock to 15 minutes after Referee signals end of quarter
(ball held over head).
nd
6) Reset clock to 20 minutes for halftime count down immediately after the 2 quarter time expires.
After teams have cleared the field and Referee gives the Wind-the-Clock signal near goalposts,
start the 20-minute countdown. Game clock is the official device for timing halftime period.
7) Discuss how Timer will communicate to field officials when there is a clock problem. This could be
done via public address announcement. If clock is no longer official game timepiece, have Timer
come down to the field to time game. Both coaches are to be notified immediately when the game
clock breaks and time is to be kept on the field.
8) Should game clock become operative after a malfunction, FJ shall give timing duties back to
Timer. This includes telling Timer of time remaining in the half.
9) When FJ gets onto field before start of game, test to see if field phones are working and that FJ
can communicate with the Timer in the press box.
10) Write down time the game started and ended and give to Referee at post game meeting for
game report.
61
GAME CLOCK OPERATOR INSTRUCTIONS
(For distribution to Game Clock Operators)
The Game Clock Operator should meet the Field Judge on the home team’s sideline 40 minutes prior
to kick off.
1) Synchronize your time with Field Judge's time. Carry extra timing device or stop watch in case
you need to MANUALLY time the game by hand if game clock fails to work.
2) Insure game clock is working before game. Note any problems or situations and give this
information to the Field Judge before game. If the clock has a horn or buzzer feature, make sure
it does not go off during action of the last play of a quarter. Horn or buzzer should only sound
after all action of the last play of a quarter is over (ball is dead). It may be necessary to turn off
the horn or buzzer function, if possible, to prevent the buzzer from sounding while the last play of
a quarter is in progress.
3) Start game clock running down 60 minutes before kickoff. Be ready to start this count down on
Field Judge's signal. When clock reaches one (1) minute prior to kick off for EACH half,
reset it to 15 minutes - normal time for first quarter. The Field Judge will time the minute
before kickoff to start each half.
4) Make sure you understand official signals that indicate the starting and stopping of clock.
Start or stop the clock based solely on signals from the officials. DO NOT anticipate a
timing situation and take it upon yourself to start or stop the clock.
5) Ask Field Judge if you are unsure. DO NOT anticipate clock stopping or starting. Wait to get
proper signals from field officials.
6) At the end of the first and third quarters, reset clock to 15 minutes after Referee signals end of
quarter by holding ball over his head after time runs out in a quarter and all action has stopped.
nd
7) Reset clock to 20 minutes for halftime count down immediately after the 2 quarter time expires.
After teams have cleared the field and Referee gives the Wind-the-Clock signal near goalposts,
start the 20-minute countdown. Game clock is the official time for timing halftime period.
Again, when the clock reaches one (1) minute, reset it to 15 minutes before start of the
second half.
8) During pregame meeting tell Field Judge how you will contact him should a clock problem arise.
Be prepared to come down to the field to manually time the game in case the game clock
becomes inoperative.
9) If game clock becomes operative after a malfunction, Field Judge will give timing duties back to
you. This includes you informing the officials after each play within 5 minutes remaining in the
half.
10) Be prepared for Field Judge trying to talk to you in the press box before game starts. This is to
see if field phones are working properly and the two of you can communicate during the game
should a timing problem arise.
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE FOOTBALL OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION
PROCEDURE FOR EJECTIONS
A. Reporting An Ejection-During The Game
1. If a player is ejected from the game, the referee will take an officials time out.
2. The referee and deep official (on the offending team’s sideline) will escort the player to the
sideline.
3. Together the referee and deep official will inform the coach of the ejection, what act or action
occurred to precipitate the ejection, and the player’s number.
4. The referee must be very precise regarding the reason for the ejection. He must clearly state
if the ejection is the result of:
a. Fighting under NCAA rules (9-5);
b. A personal foul as defined by NCAA rule (9-1);
c. A personal foul deemed as a FLAGRANT ACT per “The
ORGANIZATION”/NCFA philosophy;
d. An unsportsmanlike act or the second unsportsmanlike act (9-2)
5. The referee will remind the coach that by NCFA by-laws, the ejected player (or persons) must
be removed immediately from the stadium.
6. The referee will present the exact description as outlined in the four choices above, and then
return to the field to resume the game. Do not linger to have a debate or discuss the merits
of the call.
B. During The Game – Recording Unsportsmanlike Fouls.
1. If a player is called for an unsportsmanlike act, the deep official on the offending team’s
sideline will report the foul to the coach.
2. The deep official will also inform the coach that one more unsportsmanlike foul against the
same player during this game will result in an ejection by rule.
3. Whenever an unsportsmanlike foul occurs, the line judge will note the player and number on
his card regardless of who made the call. This insures that a second foul on the same player
will not be missed.
C. Reporting An Ejection - Reports Required After The Game
1. The referee will note the player ejected and the reason for the ejection on his game report
(See 4 above).
2. The referee and the official who ejected the player each will a send a brief email report
regarding the ejection.
3. These email reports will be sent to Dave Curschman ([email protected]), and Dan Romeo
([email protected]) by 2:00 PM the day after the game.
It is critical that this information is concise and accurate regarding the reason for the ejection in order
for the NCFA to administer post game discipline. DO NOT CREATE confusion by reporting
inaccurately to the coach or in your post game reports.
D. Player Actions Which Result In An Ejection:
1. Fighting under NCAA definition 2-32-1. If a player slugs, punches, or swings (even if he
misses) he will have met the criteria for fighting and will be ejected. Remember by NCAA
rule, if the opponent baited the player, he too can be ejected for fighting even though he did
not physically threaten the opponent.
2. Unsportsmanlike fouls under section 9-2-1. The second foul by the same player is an
automatic ejection under NCAA rules. A player spitting on an opponent or coach will be
ejected immediately under “The ORGANIZATION” and NCFA guidelines.
3. Personal fouls under rule 9-1 can be ejected if the act is deemed to be flagrant. (Intentionally
throwing an opponent to the ground after the down is over).
4. Flagrant Personal Fouls against a defenseless player as defined by “The ORGANIZATION”
and NCFA guidelines. (See Section One).
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE FOOTBALL OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION
Responsibilities Of The Area Representative
The position of the Area Representative (“Area Rep”) is critical as a liaison to the independent
contractors who will be working football games for “The ORGANIZATION”. The position has a key
leadership role in assisting “The ORGANIZATION” with the implementation of the programs that will
continue the growth of each and every official and “The ORGANIZATION”.
The responsibilities of the position are listed below. In accepting this position, it is imperative that the
Area Representative is available and fulfills the requirements as defined. The communication and
integration of the education program is dependent on the Area Representatives commitment.
Development And Recruitment of Potential Officials
1. The area representative will coordinate the effort with other officials in their region to identify
potential officials who meet “The ORGANIZATION’S” guideline classification as a candidate
or prospect.
2. The area representatives will invite candidates and prospects to the OFF SEASON
MEETING as well as the Organization’s summer and in season study sessions.
3. The area representative will assign a mentor to each candidate that is brought into “The
ORGANIZATION” to facilitate the candidate’s growth and assimilation.
Area Representatives Meeting
The area representatives agree to attend the meeting typically held sometime between April and
June. The focus of this meeting is to present the area representative with the educational material for
the meetings. This includes explanation of materials and outlines.
Study Sessions
The area representative will be responsible for conducting at least 5 meetings for the purpose of
presentation of “The ORGANIZATION’S” education and training program. The responsibilities
include:
1. Securing a facility that is conducive to a meeting including adequate audiovisual equipment to
present the training tapes;
2. Setting and informing the group of the meeting date, time and location;
3. Facilitating the discussion of the material as outlined for each meeting and insures that all
information is presented;
4. Taking attendance and forwarding the information;
5. Holding 4 meetings during the summer after the Area Representative’s meeting and the
mandatory clinic.
6. Holding 1 meeting post-clinic and pre-season.
Scrimmages
1. Assign officials to cover the summer scrimmages of the NCFA member schools in the region.
2. Insure officials work the number of assignments as required by “The ORGANIZATION”.
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3. Complete the scrimmage assignments by the 10 of August for distribution to the officials.
There will be other miscellaneous areas of involvement that “The ORGANIZATION” may request the
area representatives to be involved or assist with.
As outlined above, the responsibilities and importance of this position cannot be understated. The
position is by appointment for one year, and is not an offer of employment or other implicit contractual
obligation. The Area Representative will receive a stipend for reimbursement of expenses.
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE
FOOTBALL OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION
(THE ORGANIZATION)
Addendum:
CFO Philosophies
Of Officiating
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Ball-Spotting
• The ball can be placed on a yard line to begin the next series after a change possession. For
example, if a punt return ends with the ball between team B’s 33and 34 yard lines, move the ball
forward to team B’s 34 yard line. At all other times, the ball is placed where it became dead.
(Exception: If the change of possession occurs on a fourth-down running or passing play, the ball will
be left at the dead-ball spot to begin the next series.)
Line of Scrimmage
1. Officials will work to keep offensive linemen legal and will call a foul only when obvious or when a
warning to the player and a subsequent warning to the coach are ignored. Don’t wait till the fourth
quarter to enforce the rule. (Page 20, D-1)
2. If the offensive player is lined up with his head clearly behind the rear end of the snapper, a foul
will be called without a warning. (Page 20, D-1)
3. Don’t be technical on an offensive player who is a wide receiver or slot back in determining if he is
off the line of scrimmage. When in question, it is not a foul. (Page 21, D-3)
4. Wide receivers or slot backs lined up outside a tight end will be ruled on the line of scrimmage and
covering the tight end if there is no stagger between their alignments. If in question, the tight end is
not covered up.
5. When in question regarding player position on movement by the defense into the neutral zone
which causes the offense to move, a player is moving toward the offensive player. This protects both
that player and the two adjacent offensive players. (Page 21, D-6)
6. Anytime a defensive player jumps toward the neutral zone and there is a question whether he was
in the neutral zone and the appropriate offensive player(s) moves, shut the play down and penalize
the defense.
7. Anytime a defensive player shoots the gap, and there is a question as to contact, err on the side of
offside and shut the play down to avoid a free shot on the quarterback. (Page 21, D-6)
8. Formations during the execution of a trick or unusual play have the highest degree of scrutiny and
should be completely legal. (Page 21, D-5)
9. When in question, a quick or abrupt movement by the center or quarterback is a false start.
Fumbles
1. When in question, the runner fumbled the ball and was not down. (Page 20, Item C)
2. When in question regarding whether the quarterback passed or fumbled, it will be ruled a fumble.
(However, if passing arm is above the shoulder and in throwing motion, see Page 15, D-7)
Defensive Pass Interference
Actions that constitute defensive pass interference include, but are not limited to, the following six
categories: (Page 16, Items A-F)
1. Early contact by a defender who is not playing the ball is defensive pass interference provided the
other requirements for defensive pass interference have been met, regardless of how deep the pass
is thrown to the receiver.
2. Playing through the back of a receiver in an attempt to make a play on the ball.
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3. Grabbing and restricting a receiver’s arm(s) or body in such a manner that restricts his opportunity
to catch a pass.
4. Extending an arm across the body (arm bar) of a receiver thus restricting his ability to catch a pass,
regardless of whether or not the defender is looking for the ball.
5. Cutting off or riding the receiver out of the path to the ball by making contact with him without
playing the ball.
6. Hooking and restricting a receiver in an attempt to get to the ball in such a manner that causes the
receiver’s body to turn prior to the ball arriving.
Offensive Pass Interference
Actions that constitute offensive pass interference include but are not limited to the following four
categories: (Page 17, Items A-C)
1. Initiating contact with a defender by shoving or pushing off thus creating separation in an attempt to
catch a pass.
2. Driving through a defender who has established a position on the field.
3. Blocking downfield during a pass that legally crosses the line of scrimmage.
4. Picking off a defender who is attempting to cover a receiver.
Not Offensive Pass Interference
1. Offensive pass interference for blocking downfield will not be called if the passer is legally
grounding the ball out of bounds, near or beyond the sideline. (Page 17, Item D)
2. Offensive pass interference will not be called on a screen pass when the ball is overthrown behind
the line of scrimmage but subsequently lands beyond the expanded line of scrimmage (up to three
yards) and linemen are blocking downfield, unless such blocking prevents a defensive player from
catching the ball.
3. It is not offensive pass interference on a pick play if the defensive player is blocking the offensive
player when the contact occurs and doesn’t make a separate action, or if the contact occurs within
one yard of the line of scrimmage. (Page 17, Item D)
Other Passing Situations
1. When determining if an untouched pass is beyond the line of scrimmage, the neutral zone will be
expanded one yard. (Page 15, D-4)
2. When in question on action against the passer, it is roughing the passer if the defender’s intent is
to punish.
3. The quarterback can throw the ball anywhere if he is not under duress, except spiking the ball
straight down. The clock is not a factor. Exception: Rule 7-3-2-e allows the quarterback to spike the
ball to stop the clock.
4. An uncatchable pass must be blatantly uncatchable in order to disregard a foul for pass
interference
5. If the quarterback is outside the tackle box and is throwing the ball away to avoid a sack, when in
question as to whether the ball is beyond the neutral zone, it is beyond the line. Don’t be technical.
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6. If the passer is contacted after he starts his passing motion, then it may be ruled no intentional
grounding due to this contact.
7. If the passer is contacted clearly before he starts his passing motion, then there will be a foul for
intentional grounding if there is no eligible receiver in the vicinity or if the pass does not reach the line
of scrimmage after the quarterback has been outside the tackle box.
8. If an interception is near the goal line (inside the one yardline) and there is a question as to
whether possession is gained in the field of play or end zone, make the play a touchback. (Page 16,
Item E)
9. If the passer is legally throwing the ball away out of bounds, near or beyond the sideline, do not
penalize the offense for having ineligible players downfield.
Blocking
1. Takedowns at the point of attack, those in the open field, within the tackle box and affecting the
result of the play create special focus and should be called in those situations. (Page 18, Background
Item 3)
2. If there is a potential offensive holding but the action occurs clearly away from the point of attack
and has no (or could have no) effect on the play, offensive holding should not be called.
3. If there is a potential for defensive holding but the action occurs clearly away from the point of
attack and has no (or could have no) effect on the play, defensive holding should not be called.
Example: A defensive back on the opposite side of the field holding a wide receiver on a designed
run play to the other side.
4. For blocks in the back, if one hand is on the number and the other hand is on the side and the
initial force is on the number, it is a block in the back. The force of the block could be slight and still a
foul if the contact propels the player past the runner or prevents him from making the play. If the
force is clearly on the side, it is not a foul. If the blocker is in a “chase mode” all the action must be on
the side. Page 21, Item E)
5. Blocks that start on the side and subsequently end up in the back are not fouls as long as contact
is maintained throughout the block.
6. Blocks in the back that occur at or about the same time a runner is being tackled shall not be
called, unless they are personal foul in nature.
7. A grab of the receiver’s jersey that restricts the receiver and takes away his feet should be
defensive holding if other criteria are met, and could also be defensive pass interference.
8. Holding can be called even if the quarterback is subsequently sacked as it may be the other half of
an offset foul.
9. Illegal block in the back can still be called on fair catches, but not if the illegal block occurs away
from the play as the fair catch is being made or the touchback occurs and contact is slight (personal
foul type actions should always be called). (Page 21, Item E)
10. Blocks in the back that are personal fouls in nature should be called regardless of their timing
relative to the runner being tackled.
11. Rarely should you have a hold on a double team block unless there is a takedown or the defender
breaks the double team and is pulled back. (Page 19, end of page)
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12. When in question if an illegal block occurs in the end zone or field of play, it occurs in the field of
play.
Kicking Play
1. The kicker’s restraining line on onside and short pooch kickoffs should be officiated as a plane.
Any player (other than the kicker or holder) breaking the plane before the ball is kicked should be
called for offside. (Page 14, Item I-A)
2. On a kickoff that results in a touchback, there is no foul for an illegal wedge formation.
3. Illegal block in the back can be called on fair catches, but not if the illegal block occurs away from
the play as the fair catch is being made, or the play results in a touchback and contact is slight. (Note:
Personal fouls should always be called.)
4. Blocks in the back that are personal fouls should be called regardless of their timing relative to a
fair catch.
5. It shall always be roughing the kicker if there is forcible contact to the plant leg, whether that leg is
on the ground or not. It shall be running into the kicker if a defender simply "runs through" the kicking
leg. (Page 14, Item II-A)
6. All other contact shall be based on the severity and the potential for injury to the kicker.
Plays at the Sideline
1. If legal contact occurs before the runner has a foot down out of bounds, consider it a legal hit.
(Page 15, C-1)
2. If the whistle has blown and a runner continuing to advance down the sideline has eased up,
contact by the opponent against the runner is a foul. Officials should be alert and be sure any action
is not part of the initial play before calling a foul.
3. When in question as to whether the runner stepped out of bounds, officials should rule the runner
did not step out of bounds.
Scoring Plays
1. When in question, it is not a touchdown.
2. When in question, it is not a safety.
3. A non--airborne runner crossing the goal inside the pylon with the ball crossing the goal line
extended is a touchdown.
Personal Fouls
1. If action is deemed to be “fighting,” the player must be disqualified. When in question if an act is a
flagrant personal foul or fighting, the player is not fighting.
2. Players committing flagrant personal fouls must be disqualified.
3. When in question regarding hits away from the ball near the end of the play, consider it a dead-ball
rather than live-ball foul.
4. Spitting on an opponent requires disqualification. (Page 15, C-5)
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Unsportsmanlike Conduct
1. Allow for brief, spontaneous, emotional reactions at the end of a play.
2. Beyond the brief, spontaneous bursts of energy, officials should flag those acts that are clearly
prolonged, self-congratulatory, and that make a mockery of the game.
3. A list of specifically prohibited acts is in Rule 9-2-1 (a) thru (h). That list is intended to be illustrative
and not exhaustive. All agree that when those acts are clearly intended to taunt or demean, they
should be penalized.
Game Clock
1. Any time loss due to the clock being started erroneously, such as when a dead-ball foul is called,
the clock must be adjusted.
2. As a guideline, referees should consider invoking Rule 3-4-3 when the game clock is under five
minutes of each half.
Miscellaneous
• The ankle or wrist are considered part of the foot or hand, respectively and do not make a runner
down
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