EVENT of 20 JANUARY 2005
INJECTION TIME of IONS, PROTONS and
ELECTRONS
Hamlet Martirosyan
YERPHI / CRD
INJECTION TIME of FIRST REGISTRATED IONS
• He, C, O, Mg, Fe
Collisionless Propagation , ΔT = L/c *1/β , T(Injection) = T(Registration)- ΔT
20 JANUARY 2005 UT
•
T(registration)=L/c*1/b + T(injection)
8.5
8.25
8
7.75
7.5
7.25
7
6.75
6.5
6.25
6:50UT Protons Registration Time
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1/b
He
C
O
Mg
Fe
RSP II
GOES X7.1 Flare
11
Ion Propagation
Collisionless or diffusion?
• ΔT ~ L2/D ~ L2/ V.λ
• λ= λoR2-δ
T(Regist)=a.(Etotal/Z).R δ-3+T(Inject)
PATH
LENGTH au
2
Fe
Injection Time
1.5
6:32UT
1
0.5
0
500
6:42UT
6:46UT
1.017au
6:51UT
(Vsw ~ 700Km/s )
Kolmogorov
1000
RIGIDITY
Kraichnan
1500
MV
Collisionless
2000
delta=6/5
Light ions
Collisionless Propagation
He
1.4
PATH LENGTH au
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Kolmogorov
Kraichnan
Collisionless
0
150
200
250
300
350
RIGIDITY MV
400
450
500
550
INJECTION TIME of IONS
• Ions of All Energies the Given Type were Injected
Simultaneously (Injection - Energy independence)
• Z - dependence
4
min After CME Onset
40
T(Z)inject = 166.84*Z -1.08
35
C
30
25
2
R = 0.9967
6
2
O
20
15
9
He
15
Mg
10
Fe
5
0
1
3
5
7
9
Z
11
13
15
17
Simultaneous registration of
protons
PROTON FLUX, 1/cm^2.s.sr.Mev
1.0E+04
0.8-4Mev
1.0E+03
4-9Mev
1.0E+02
9-15Mev
1.0E+01
15-40Mev
1.0E+00
40-80Mev
1.0E-01
80-165Mev
1.0E-02
165-500Mev
1.0E-03
350-420Mev
420-510Mev
1.0E-04
510-700Mev
1.0E-05
6.5
6.75
7
7.25
20 JANUARY 2005 UT
7.5
>700Mev
First Protons
Registration Time
Protons Injection Time
•
•
•
•
•
•
Shock Speed - ~700Km/s
Flare Coordinate - N12W58
Mag. Field Line Nominal Length ~1.017au
Simultaneous registration of protons
tinject=tregist – Δt (Δt - Real Propagation Time)
Δt(E) ≥ 1.017au / Vp(E)
1.0E-03
1.0E+02
22min
1.0E+01
1.0E-04
1.0E+00
1.0E-01
1.0E-05
1.0E-02
1.0E-03
Injection?
X RAY FLUX
PROTON FLUX, 1/cm^2.s.sr.Mev
Protons
Injection and Registration Time
1.0E-06
1.0E-04
1.0E-07
1.0E-05
5.5 5.75
6
4-9Mev
40-80Mev
350-420Mev
>700Mev
Protons Arrival Time
6.25 6.5 6.75 7 7.25 7.5 7.75
20 JANUARY 2005 UT
9-15Mev
80-165Mev
420-510Mev
Flare Start
CME Onset(3675km/s)
8
15-40Mev
165-500Mev
510-700Mev
RHESSI (0.3-0.8 Mev)
X Ray
PROTONS
ACE / EPAM , GOES
1.0E+05
15 APRIL 2001
1.0E-03
0.047-0.066Mev
0.066-0.114Mev
1.0E+04
1.0E+03
1.0E-04
1.0E+02
1.0E+01
1.0E-05
1.0E+00
1.0E-01
1.0E-06
1.0E-02
X RAY FLUX W/m^2
P FLUX 1/cm^2.s.sr.Mev
0.114-0.19Mev
0.19-0.31Mev
0.31-0.58Mev
0.58-1.05Mev
1.05-1.89Mev
1.89-4.75Mev
15-40Mev
40-80Mev
80-165Mev
1.0E-03
1.0E-07
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16 18
15 APRIL 2001 UT
165-500Mwv
CME Onset
X Ray
Electrons
WIND
1.0E-03
1.0E+06
1.0E-04
1.0E+05
1.0E+04
1.0E-05
1.0E+03
1.0E+02
1.0E-06
1.0E+01
1.0E+00
1.0E-07
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
20 JANUARY 2005 UT
1.1Kev
90Kev (*10)
RHESSI (0.3-0.8Mev)
5Kev
176Kev
X Ray (GOES)
20Kev
Flare Start
X RAY FLUX
ELEKTRON FLUX
1.0E+07
Neutron Monitors
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NM
Oulu
Sanae
Yakutsk
Kiel
Moscow
Novosibir
Lomnicki
Hermanus
Jungfrau.
Bacsan
Alma Ata
Aragats
Rc GV
0.8
1.06
1.7
2.29
2.46
2.91
4
4.9
4.48
5.6
6.61
7.6
GLE Start
6:51UT
6:49UT
6:50UT
6:51UT
6:51UT
6:53UT
6:55UT
7:00UT
6:59UT
7:00UT
7:03UT
7:05UT
NEUTRON MONITORS
GLE START
1.0E-02
100
1.0E-03
10
1.0E-04
1
0.1
PROTON / X-RAY FLUX
ENHANCEMENT %
1000
1.0E-05
6
6.25
6.5
Norilsk
Aragats
RSP II
GOES X Ray *10
6.75 7
7.25 7.5 7.75
20 JANUARY 2005 UT
Kiel
Jungfrau
Hermanus
8
8.25
8.5
Bacsan
GOES X7.1 Flare
GOES p (E>700Mev)
RELATIVISTIC ENERGY REGION
NEUTRON MONITORS
GLE START and INJECTION TIME
20 JANUARY 2005 UT
7.2
GLE Onset
Injection Time
7.1
T GLE Onset(E) = 0.0426*E + 6.80
R2 = 0.9538
7
6.9
6.8
6.7
T inject(E) = 0.05*E + 6.62
6.6
R2 = 0.9783
6.5
0.1
1
ENERGY Gev
10
PROTONS
100Mev <E< 500Mev GOES
E > 0.5GEV
NUTRON MONITORS
MINUTES after Flare Start
INJECTION TIME
28
23
T inject(E) = 3.05*E + 9.26
2
R = 0.9834
18
Neutron Monitors
13
GOES Protons
Flare Max
8
0.1
1
PROTON ENERGY Gev
10
ELECTRONS
MINUTES after Flare Start
E > 20Kev
EInject ~LnLn(E)
25
T inject(E) = 26.6*Ln(x) - 29.475
20
2
R = 0.99
15
WIND
10
ACE/EPAM
FLARE MAX
5
3.5
4
4.5
Ln(E/Kev)
5
5.5
6
INJECTION
of
IONS, PROTONS and ELECTRONS
1.0E+01
14
R / Rsun or X RAY FLUX
10
1.0E-01
8
1.0E-02
6
1.0E-03
ENERGY Gev/n
1.0E+00
12
4
1.0E-04
2
0
1.0E-05
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
20 JANUARY 2005 UT
CME Trajectory
Flare Start
P Injection Time (E>50Mev)
Ions Injection (He,C,O,Mg,Fe)
8.5
9
X Ray Flux*20000
CME Onset (N.Gopalswamy)
e Injection (WIND, EPAM, E>20Kev)
PROTONS FLUX CORRELATION
1.0E+01
F2 = 3.09*F1 + 0.06
F2
R2 = 0.9912
F2 (80-165)Mev
F1 (165-500)mev
1.0E+00
F2 = 1.45*F11.15
2
R = 0.9773
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
6:50UT - 7:10UT
7:10UT - 24:00UT
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
F1
1.0E+03
1000
1.0E+01
100
P FLUX
1.0E+00
1.0E-01
F2 = 2E+06*E-2.9
R2 = 0.9818
10
F1 = 1E+14*E-5.16
1
1.0E-02
1.0E-03
1.0E-04
ENHENCEMENT %
1.0E+02
2
1.0E-05
R =1
1.0E-06
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
6:50-7:05UT
1.0E+02
ENERGY Mev
19:05-19:35UT
1.0E+03
GCR
0.1
1.0E+04
Enhancement(%)
CONCLUSION I
AREA of ACCELERATION
• High Energy Protons (E > 100Mev) and Electrons (E >
20Kev) were accelerated and injected in the flare .
Protons Injection 6:36 – 6:56UT
Electrons Injection 6:33 – 6:43UT
• All Ions were accelerated and injected on a shock wave .
Ions Injection 6:48 – 7:10UT
Flare Start 6:28UT
CME Onset 6:33UT (N. Gopalswamy et al.)
CONCLUSION II
ACCELERATION RATE
• HIGH ENERGY PROTONS (E > 50Mev)
TInject(E) = 3.05*E + 9.26
=>
dE/dT ~ Const >0
• HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS (E > 20Kev)
TInject(E) = 26.6*LnLn(E) – 29.475
=>
dE/dT ~ E*Ln(E), E=E0*exp(exp(ατ))
LOW ENERGY PROTONS and ELECTRONS
Formation of
• E < 50 Mev Protons
• E < 20 Kev Electrons
in Interplanetary Space
Acceleration or deacceleration ?
MINUTES after Flare Start
LOW ENERGY PROTONS and ELECTRONS
DEACCELERATION VERSION
23
INJECTION TIME
22
21
Tinject(E) = -0.5546*E + 20.0
20
2
R
= 0.9965
19
18
17
16 Tinject(E) = -201.22*E + 21.75
15
R2 = 0.9981
14
13
12
11
1.0E-03
1.0E-02
1.0E-01
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
ELECTRON or PROTON ENERGY Mev
ACE/EPAM (Low Energy Protons)
WIND (Low Energy Electrons)
GOES (Protons E<50Mev)
INTERACTIVE SOLAR WIND
or
«ANTI _ SHOCK»
400/cm^2.s.sr
10000
1100
1000
800
100
700
600
10
500
400
1
0.1
20.2
SW SPEED
900
SW Density
(ACE/SWEPAM)
300
20.5
20.8
21.1
21.4
20 - 21 JANUARY 2005 UT
SW SPEED Km/s
SW DENSITY or P FLUX
1000
21.7
P Flux (ACE/SIS,
200
E>10Mev)
22
SW Speed
(ACE/SWEPAM)
1000
900
800
700
400/cm^2.s.sr
600
500
I Shock
400
Quiet SW
300
Interactive SW («Anti-Shock»)
200
II Shock
100
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
P FLUX 1/cm^2.s.sr
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
INTERACTIVE SOLAR WIND
«ANTI - SHOCK»
8 NOVEMBER 2000
900
Shock
400/cm^2.s.sr
1.0E+04
SW SPEED Km/s
800
1000
800
700
1.0E+02
600
500
1.0E+01
400
8.5
100
9
9.5
10
8 - 11 NOVEMBER 2000 UT
10.5
11
SW Density(ACE/SWEPAM)
11.5
400
200
1.0E-01
12
SW Speed(ACE/SWEPAM)
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
P FLUX 1/cm^2.s.sr
Quiet SW
1000
SW DENSITY 1/cm^3
200
P Flux (ACE/SIS, E>10Mev)
1.0E-01
SW
500
Anti - Shock
300
1.0E+00
600
300
SW SPEED
SW DENSITY or P FLUX
900
1.0E+03
700
P Flux Increase
Intractive SW ( Anti-Shock )
Quiet SW
Interactive SW (Anti - Shock)
Anti - Shock
Shock
100
P Flux Increase
SW
10
1
1.0E-01
Shock
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
P FLUX 1/cm^2.s.sr
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
Shock
e COUNT RATE / 5MIN
ASEC Monitors Data
Aragats NM
COUNT RATE /5MIN
12080
12030
11980
11930
11880
e
4.0E+05
4.0E+05
4.0E+05
4.0E+05
3.9E+05
6
11830
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
6.5
9
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
20 JANUARY 2005 UT
20 JANUARY 2005 UT
COUNT RATE / 3MIN
m COUNT RATE / 5MIN
Nor Amberd NM
3480
3430
3380
3330
1.2E+05
myu
1.2E+05
1.2E+05
1.2E+05
1.2E+05
1.2E+05
3280
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
20 JANUARY 2005 UT
8.5
9
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
20 JANUARY 2005 UT
8.5
9