Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Progressives
Social Studies 8
Mrs. Francis
Name: ___________________________
Period______
Essential Question: How successful were Progressive Era
reforms in the period 1890-1920?
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Unit 4
Progressives
Problems in Society
Working
Conditions
• Long hours
• Crowded tenements
Living
Conditions
Crowded Cities
Discrimination
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SS8 Mrs. Francis
Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
When should the Government Intervene?
Directions: Read each of the situations below and decide whether or not government intervention should
occur. The legality or illegality of the situation is not the issues, nor is whether or not the government
currently intervenes. Simply focus on whether or not government intervention is appropriate. Be
prepared to defend your reasoning.
Intervene
Incident
Do Not
Intervene
Reason
A toy company produces an inexpensive toy
designed and labeled for use by older children. In
the hands of younger children, however, the toy
could be dangerous.
An employer in a northern state refuses to keep the
heat above 55 degrees during the winter.
Fifteen percent of Americans live in poverty.
A woman refuses to rent a room in her house to an
Asian-American.
A company is so large that it is able to force
smaller competitors out of business through price
wars.
A community refuses to build low-income housing
within the city limits.
A landlord raises the rent in his apartment house
twenty percent every year.
A business refuses to hire union members.
The makers of a ring advertise that wearing it cures
a specific disease. They include testimonials from
people who claim the ring cured them of the
disease. There is no scientific evidence supporting
these claims, however.
The number of homeless people rises significantly.
Write a general statement explaining when, or under what circumstances, the government should become
involved in public issues.
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SS8 Mrs. Francis
Reform
 Aim: Did Muckrakers address all the problems of society?
 Do Now: Define muckraker
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 HW:
Muckraker
 ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 Focused on problems created by _________________________ as well as dishonest
and corrupt practices in politics and business.
 Jacob Riis –
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Ida Tarbell –
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Lincoln Steffens –
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Upton Sinclair –
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Frank Norris –
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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SS8 Mrs. Francis
Why did muckrakers decline after 1910?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
Muckrakers
Directions: After reading the following passages, rank the problems in order in which they
should receive priority by the US government. Include reasons for your ranking.
Problem
Rank
Reason
Tenements in New York City
Meatpacking industry
City Government
Working Conditions
Big Business
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SS8 Mrs. Francis
Tenements in New York City
In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis, a Danish immigrant who came to the United States in
1870, exposed the slum conditions in New York City tenement buildings using both the written
word and the newly invented camera. Read his account and list the social ills described.
Lest anybody flatter himself with the idea that these
were evils of a day that is happily past and may safely be
forgotten, let me mention here three very recent
instances of tenement-house life that came under my
notice. One was the burning of a rear house in Mott
Street. The fire made homeless ten families, who had
paid an average of $5 a month for their mean little
cubby-holes. The owner himself told me that it was
fully insured for $800, though it brought him in &600 a
year rent. He evidently considered himself especially
entitled to be pities for losing such valuable property.
Another was the case of a hard-workig family of man
and wife, young people from the old country, who took
poison together in a Crosby Street tenement because
they were “tired.” There was no other explanation, and
noe was neede when I stood in the room in which they
had lived. It was in the attic with sloping ceiling and a
single window so far out on the roof that it seemed not to belong to the place at all. With scarcely
room enough to turn around in, they had been forced to pay five dollars and a half a month in
advance.
The third instance was that of a colored family of husband, wife, and baby in a wretched rear
rookery in West Third Street. Their rent was eight dollars and a half for a single room on the topstory, so small that I was unable to get a photograph of it even by placing the camera outside the
door. Three short steps across either way would have measured its full extent.
Exercise:
List three social problems exposed by Jacob Riis:
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________
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Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Abuses in the Meat-Packing Industry
Upton Sinclair, in his best-selling book The Jungle, described conditions in the meat-packing
industry. Read and list the abuses described:
There was never the least attention paid to what
was cut up for sausage; there would come all the
way back from Europe old sausage that had been
rejected and that was mouldy and white – it
would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and
dumped into the hoppers, and made over again
for home consumption. There would be meat
that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and
sawdust, where the workers had tramped and
spit uncounted bullions of consumption germs.
There would be meat stored in great piles in
rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would
drip over it, and thousands of rats would race
about on it. It was too dark in these storage
places to see well, but a man could run his hand
over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls
of the dried dung of rats. These rats were
nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned
bread out for them, they would die, and then
rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers
together…the meat would be shoveled into carts,
and the man who did the shoveling would not
trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one –
there were things that went into the sausage in
comparison with which a poisoned rat was a
tidbit.
There was no place for the men to wash their
hands before they ate their dinner, and so they
made a practice of washing them in the water
that was to be ladled into the sausage. There
were the butt-ends of smoked meat, and the
scraps of corned beef, and all the odds and ends
of the waste of the plants, that would be dumped
into old barrels in the cellar and left there.
Under the system of rigid economy which the
packers enforced, there were some jobs that it
only paid to do once in a long time, and among
these was the cleaning out of the waste barrels.
Every spring they did it; and in the barrels would
be dirt and rust and old nails and stale water –
and cart load after cart load of it would be taken
up and dumped into the hoppers with fresh meat,
and sent out to the public’s breakfast. Some of
they would make into “smoked” sausage –but as
the smoking took time, and was therefore
expensive, they would call upon their chemistry
department, and preserve it with borax and color
it with gelatin to make it brown. All of their
sausage came out of the same bowl, but when
they came to wrap it they would stamp some of
it “special,” and for this they would charge two
cents more a pound.
EXERCISE:
What abuses in the meat-packing industry did Sinclair identify?
1. ___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Abuses in City Government
Lincoln Steffens, a leading muckraker, exposed the political corruption in American cities. Read
the following excerpt from his autobiography. Then list some of the abuses in city government
that Steffens implies.
When I went to Cincinnati…I sought out
Boss Cox. His office was over his “Mecca”
saloon, in a mean little front hall room one
flight up. The door was open. I saw a great
hulk of a man, sitting there alone, his back
to the door, his feet up on the window sill;
he was reading a newspaper. I walked in; he
did not look up.
politics, corrupt politics, and bosses.” I
repeated that I have heard he was the boss of
Cincinnati. “Are you?” I asked.
“Mr. Cox?” I said.
“I have,” he admitted, “but” – he pointed
with his thumb back over his shoulder to the
desk – “I have a telephone, too.”
“I am,” he grumbled in his hoarse, throaty
voice.
“Of course you have a mayor, and a council,
and judges?”
An affirmative grunt.
“Mr. Cos, I understand that you are the boss
of Cincinnati.”
“And you have citizens, too, in your city?
American men and women?”
Slowly his feet came down, one by one.
They slowly walked his chair around, and a
stolid face turned to let two dark sharp eyes
study me. While they measured, I gave my
name and explained that I was a “student of
He stared a long moment, silent, then turned
heavily around back to his paper. That short
interview was a summary of the truth about
Cincinnati.
EXERCISE:
List abuses in city politics suggested by Lincoln Steffens.
1. _____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Abuses of Big Business
Ida Tarbell described the techniques used by industrialists such as John D. Rockefeller to build
up his business, Standard Oil.
The success the firm of Rockefeller and
Andrews achieved after Rockefeller went into it
was explained for three or four years mainly by
his extraordinary ability for bargaining and
borrowing. Then the corporation’s chief
competitors began to suspect6 something. John
Rockefeller might get his oil cheaper now and
then, they said, but he could not do it often. He
might have an unusual genius in his partner. But
these things could not explain all. They believed
they bought, on the whole, almost as cheaply as
he, and they knew they made as good oil and
with as great, or nearly as great, economy.
Where was his advantage? There was but one
place where it could be, and that was in
transportation. He must be getting better rates
from the railroads than they were…
Now, if the Standard Oil Company were
the only business in the country guilty of the
practices which have given it monopolistic
power, this story never would have been written.
Were it alone in these methods, public anger
would long ago have destroyed the Standard Oil
Company.
But it is simply the most obvious
examples of what can be done by these
practices. The methods it employees are
employed by all sorts of business men, from
corner grocers up to bankers.
If exposed, they are excused on the
ground that this is business. If the point is
pushed, frequently the defender of the practice
falls back on the Christian doctrine of charity,
and points that we are only human and must
allow for each other’s weaknesses! – an excuse
which, if carried to its conclusion, would leave
our business men weeping on one another’s
shoulders over human frailty while they picked
one another pockets.
Very often people who admit the facts,
who are willing to see that Mr. Rockefeller has
used force and fraud to meet his goals, justify
him by saying “It’s business.” “It’s business”
has come to be an excuse for hard dealing, sly
tricks, special privileges. It is a common enough
thing to hear men arguing that the ordinary laws
of right and wrong do not apply in business.
EXERCISE:
List the abuses of Standard Oil, suggested by Tarbell.
1. _______________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________________
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Working Conditions for Women and Children
The journalist Florence Lucas Sanville worked in a Pennsylvania silk mill to gather facts for the
following article that appeared in Harper’s Magazine in 1910. Read the excerpt and list the
abuses that the author identifies.
The length of the factory girl’s work day varies
from a legal limit of eight hours in one or two
advanced states to ten, eleven, or twelve in less
enlightened communities; and in some states
where the law still fails to protect its women
from industrial exploitation the hours are
regulated only by the needs of the industry.
young that I asked her age. “I’ll be fourteen in
the winter,” she replied, and added that she had
been doing night work since she was eleven.
One of the most striking evils in the
physical environment of women in the factories
is the lack of seats. Very few mills provide the
seats which are required by the Pennsylvania
law. This harmful effect of continuous standing
upon young and growing girls is too well
established a fact to require explanation. I could
always detect the existence of this rule by a
glance at the stocking feet of the workers, and
the rows of discarded shoes. For after a few
hours the strain upon the swollen feet becomes
intolerable, and one girl after another discards
her shoes.
In Pennsylvania the law prescribes a
limit of twelve hours daily and sixty hours
weekly for women over eighteen; for girls under
that age the law restricts this further to fifty eight
hours a week and an average of ten hours a day.
But in the factories’ scattered throughout the
villages and small mining towns, in which great
numbers of young girls are employed, such as
are established by the silk industry, I found in a
period of industrial depression that over half of
the mills were working ten and a half to eleven
hours a day.
Another harsh and very common
practice of employers to cover the lower sashes
of the windows with paint, and to fasten them so
that they cannot be raised in hot weather. This is
done so that the girls “don’t waste time looking
out.”
One of the silk factory workers I met
was Lena R., a thin shouldered, anemic looking
girl, with a sweet, bright face. She looked so
EXERCISE:
List three abuses in the silk factories that Florence Sanville identified.
1. _______________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Progress for Women


Aim: How effective were women in their reform efforts?
Do Now: Define suffragist
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 HW –
Women’s suffrage
 How did women win the right to vote?
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
1848 – Seneca Falls

________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WTCU)
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Goals of the WCTU

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
How did Women try to ban the sale of alcohol?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
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1. What is the main idea of the poster?
2. Why do they mention men in the
poster?
3. Do you think this poster was a good
idea? Explain.
4. Were women powerless without the
vote? Explain.
12
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Temperance Movement Changes
1. Why do you suppose in 1873, “an axe was placed in the hands of women who had
suffered most”? What do you think their lives were like?
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Carry Nation
There are not many who have come to represent a righteous and
strident call for morality in quite the way Carry Nation has. Her
name has become synonymous with moral action, although
certainly not everyone of her time agreed with her idea of
morality.
Carry Nation was born Carry Amelia Moore in Kentucky (1846).
At twenty, she married a drunkard, Dr. Charles Gloyd, who died shortly after they were married.
After ten years of supporting herself by teaching and renting out rooms, she married a lawyer
and minister named David Nation. She became devoutly religious at this time and professed that
she saw visions. Nation was convinced that she was divinely protected and divinely chosen. A
fire in 1889 that burned much of her town but left her property untouched increased her belief.
So did her name – Carry A. Nation. She felt quite certain it was a message to her from
Providence.
In 1889, Mr. and Mrs. Nation moved to Kansas. There was a law in Kansas at this time banning
the sale of liquor, but it was not enforced. Carry nation took it upon herself to enforce it. In
1890, she began to pray outside saloons, and later, through the first decade of the twentieth
century, she began to smash them. When she is pictured today, she is still seen carrying her
Bible and wielding her hatchet, her tools of destruction.
One might not think that one woman could make much difference; however, the nearly six foot
Carry Nation and her hatchet did extensive damage and closed the saloons in her town as well as
many others throughout Kansas. Although she was often arrested for disturbing the peace, she
continued to fight in her personal crusade.
Nation was also opposed to other things she found morally corrupt, such as the use of tobacco
and immodest dress in women. Many felt her sense of righteousness was justified, so she
developed quite a following of imitators and fans who admired her courage. However, many
others were angered by her intolerant actions and dismissed her for her inappropriate and
outrageous behavior. In 1901, Nation’s husband divorced her on the grounds of desertion.
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
The Tweed Ring and Tammany Hall
In the late 1800s, New York City politics were run by a corrupt Democratic political machine
with its headquarters in Tammany Hall. Tammany Hall’s most famous leader was a politician
named William Marcy “Boss” Tweed. Tweed and his partners, called the Tweed Ring,
organized schemes in which they stole millions of dollars from the city.
A German born political cartoonist, Thomas Nast,
began running a series of cartoons in Harper’s
Weekly magazine calling attention to the corrupt
politicians. Tweed responded angrily to the
drawings, saying, “Let’s stop those…pictures. I
don’t care so much what the papers write about
me- my constituents can’t read, but they can see
pictures.” In just over a year, Nast’s cartoons had
helped bring down the Tweed Ring.
Why were cartoons an effective tool for attacking
the Tweed Ring?
TOPIC:
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Progressive Reform Movement: Political Reforms
How did these political reforms change avenues of representation for all people in the US?
Initiative
Referendum
Direct
Primary
Recall
Secret Ballot
Political
Reforms
Direct
Election of
Senators
Secret Ballot: __________________________________________________________________
Initiative: _____________________________________________________________________
Referendum: __________________________________________________________________
Recall: _______________________________________________________________________
Direct Primary: ________________________________________________________________
Direct Election of Senators: _______________________________________________________
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
The Progressives and Their Goals
VOCABULARY
Muckraker: journalist who reports on corruption
Primary: election in which voters choose their party’s candidates
Initiative: way for voters to put a bill before the legislature
Referendum: way for voters to vote a bill directly into law
Recall: way for voters to remove an elected official from office
SUMMARY
During the late 1800s, corruption had become common in many American cities. Many politicians
demanded money from businesses in exchange for city jobs. Reformers tried to replace corrupt officials
with honest leaders. These reformers were called Progressives. They believed that the problems of
society could be solved. The late 1800s and early 1900s were called the Progressive Era.
The Progressives were helped by the press. Some reporters began to describe the horrible
conditions in poor areas of the cities. Others exposed the unfair practices of big businesses. These
journalists became known as muckrakers. They helped turn public opinion in favor of reform.
Many Progressives wanted voters to have more power. A number of states passed measures to
achieve this goal. Most states began to hold primaries. In the past, party leaders picked candidates.
Other changes included the initiative, referendum, and recall.
1. What role did the press play in the reform movement?
2. How was the choosing of candidates changed by primaries?
3. Progressives in the White House
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Progressives in the White House
Aim: Which Progressive President did more for the people?
Do Now: QUIZ
HW –
The Progressive Presidents
Theodore Roosevelt
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Reforms fell into 3 main categories: business regulation, labor conditions, and conservation.
Trustbuster
The Northern Securities Case- violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by using unfair business practices.
Hepburn Act______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Anthracite Coal Strike- Pennsylvania coal mine owners refused to negotiate, Roosevelt threatened to send
in the army to take over the mines.
The Square Deal
Railroad Reform- Elkins Act and Hepburn Act
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Conservation- Banned lumbering in 150 million acres of government land, created 5 natural wilderness
areas and favored irrigation projects.
William Howard Taft
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
He signed a high tariff bill that many Progressives opposed.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The Bull Moose Party
Roosevelt returns from Africa shocked to hear that Taft had betrayed reformers.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Woodrow Wilson
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Federal Trade Commission- investigate companies to stop using unfair business practices.
Clayton Antitrust Act-control businesses that threatened competition.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Aim:
Do Now:
HW:
Roosevelt’s Square Deal: A Progressive President
The Square Deal – Every American has the right to be treated fairly by government and Big
Business.
Trust Busting
Meat Inspection Act
The Coal Strike
Interstate Commerce
Commission
Pure Food and Drug Act
Conservation
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Unit 4
Progressives
Topic: Theodore Roosevelt
“Trustbusting”
1. According to the cartoon, what is Teddy Roosevelt’s view of trusts?
2. Is there a difference between “good” and “bad” trusts?
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SS8 Mrs. Francis
Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Aim: How did the policies of Taft affect the election of 1912?
Do Now: What was the most important aspect of the Square Deal? Why?
HW:
William Howard Taft
 ________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________


He signed a high tariff bill that many Progressives opposed.
________________________________________________________________________
Actions as President
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Conservation efforts: gave Government land back to the public, fire the Secretary of
Interior – Gifford Pinchot.
The Bull Moose Party
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Progressives supported Roosevelt – known as the Bull Moose Party.
The Election of 1912
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Roosevelt left the Republicans to form his own Progressive Party.
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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Unit 4
Progressives
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SS8 Mrs. Francis
Unit 4
Progressives
Topic: Fighting Equality
Aim:
Do Now:
HW:
What problems did
African Americans
face during the
Progressive Era?
Booker T.
Washington
W.E.B. Dubois
Mexican
Americans
Native Americans
Asian Americans
23
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Combatting Racism: Two Views
Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington, enslaved from birth, founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama and was
a leading voice of the African-American community from 1890-1915, and an advisor to
Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. After reading his speech before the
Atlanta Exposition in 1895, complete the exercise that follows.
A ship lost at sea for many days suddenly
sighted a friendly vessel. From the mast of the
unfortunate vessel was seen a signal, “Water,
water, we die of thirst!” The answer from the
friendly vessel at once came back, “Cast down
your bucket where you are.” A second time the
signal, “Water, water; send us water!” ran up
from the distressed vessel, and was answered,
“Cast down your bucket where you are.” And a
third and fourth signal for water was answered,
“Cast down your bucket where you are.” The
captain of the distressed vessel, at last heeding
the injunction, cast down his bucket, and it came
up full of fresh, sparkling water from the mouth
of the Amazon River. To those of my race who
depend on bettering their condition in a foreign
land or who underestimate the importance of
cultivating friendly relations with the Southern
white man, who is their next-door neighbor, I
would say “Cast down your bucket where you
are” – cast it down in making friends in every
manly way of people of all races by whom we
are surrounded.
commercial world, and in nothing is this
Exposition more eloquent that in emphasizing
this chance.
Our greatest danger is that in the great
leap from slavery to freedom we may overlook
the fact that the masses of us are to live by the
productions of our hands, and fail to keep in
mind that we shall prosper in proportion as we
learn to dignify and glorify common labor and
put brains and skill into the common occupation
of life…No race can prosper till it learns that
there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in
writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we
must begin, and not at the top. Nor should we
permit our grievances to overshadow our
opportunities…
The wisest among my race understand
that the agitation of questions of social equality
is the extremest folly, and the progress in the
enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to
us must be the result of severe and constant
struggle rather than of artificial forcing. No race
that has anything to contribute to the markets of
the world is long in any degree ostracized. It is
important and right that all privileges of the law
be ours, but it is vastly more important that we
be prepared for the exercise of these privileges.
The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just
now is worth infinitely more than the
opportunity to spend a dollar in an opera house.
Cast it down in agriculture, mechanics,
commerce, in domestic service, and in the
professions. And in this connection it is well to
bear in mind that whatever other sins the South
may be called to bear, when it comes to
business, pure and simple, it is in the South that
the Negro is given a man’s chance in the
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
W.E.B. DuBois
W.E.B DuBois, an African-American scholar, educator, and one of the founders of the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), had strong views on race
relations and discrimination. After reading his response to Booker T. Washington, complete the
exercise that follows.
It has been claimed that the Negro can
survive only through submission. Mr.
Washington distinctly asks that black people
give up, at least for the present,
will come in a moment. They do not expect to
see the bias and prejudices of years disappear at
the blast of a trumpet; but they are absolutely
certain that the way for a people to gain their
reasonable rights is not by voluntarily throwing
them away and insisting that they do not want
them. They know that the way for a people to
gain respect is not by continually belittling
themselves. They believe, on the contrary, that
Negroes must insist continually that voting is
necessary to proper manhood, that color
discrimination is barbarism, and the black boys
need education as well as white boys.
First, political power,
Second, insistence on civil rights,
Third, higher education of Negro youths,
And concentrate all their energies on industrial
education, the accumulation of wealth, and the
conciliation of the Sought. As a result of this
tender of the palm-branch, what has been the
return? In these years since Booker T.
Washington’s Atlanta speech there have
occurred:
So far as Mr. Washington preaches
Thrift, Patience, and Industrial Training for the
masses, we must hold up his hands and strive
with him. But so far as Mr. Washington
apologizes for injustice, North or South, does
not rightly value the privilege and duty of
voting, and opposes the higher training and
ambition of our righter minds – we must firmly
oppose him. By every civilized and peaceful
method we must strive for the rights which the
world accords to men, strongly clinging to those
great words of the Founding Fathers: “We hold
these truths to be self-evident; That all men are
created equal; that they are endowed by their
Creator with certain unalienable rights; that
among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness.”
1. The disenfranchisement of the Negro
2. The legal creation of a distinct status of
civil inferiority.
3. The steady withdrawal of aid from
institutions for the higher training of the
Negro.
These movements are not, to be sure, direct
results of Mr. Washington’s teachings; but his
propaganda has, without a shadow of doubt,
helped their speedier accomplishment.
Negroes do not expect that the free right
to vote, to enjoy civic rights, and to be educated
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
EXERCISE
Issue
Booker T. Washington
Actions to achieve
equality
Education of African
American Youth
Way to gain respect
26
W.E.B. DuBois
Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
Review for Test on Progressives
HW: Study
Goal of the Progressives
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________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Muckraker
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________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Identify:

William “Boss” Tweed – corrupt political boss – Tammany Hall – stole millions from
NY
 Thomas Nast – ___________________________________________________________
 Wilson, Roosevelt, and Taft – Progressive Presidents
 Carrie Nation – ___________________________________________________________
Identify:

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony –
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________________________________________________________________________
 W.E.B. DuBois – fought for equality among African Americans, NAACP – fight actively
 Booker T. Washington – fought for equality among African Americans, Tuskegee
University. Learn a trade work way up to gain economic equality.
Define:

Initiative:
________________________________________________________________________
 Referendum:
________________________________________________________________________
 Recall:
________________________________________________________________________
 Direct Primary - allows voters, rather than party leaders, to select candidates to run for
office.
 Suffragists – ____________________________________________________________
Identify:
 17th Amendment – ________________________________________________________
 19th Amendment – ________________________________________________________
Good vs. Bad Trusts
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Unit 4
Progressives
SS8 Mrs. Francis
 Bad trusts _______________________________________________________________
 Bad trusts do not allow for competition
Describe:


Pennsylvania Coal Strike:
Northern Securities Company
Interstate Commerce Act
 ________________________________________________________________________
Hepburn Act

________________________________________________________________________
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
 Prohibited monopolies by declaring illegal any business combination or trust.
Pure Food and Drug Act
 ________________________________________________________________________
 Tries to end false advertising and the use of impure ingredients.
Meat Inspection Act
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
Influenced by The Jungle
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Federal Reserve System

________________________________________________________________________
Federal Trade Commission
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________________________________________________________________________
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