BIDGOLI
MIS
5
7
THE
INTERNET,
INTRANETS,
AND
EXTRANETS
Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1 Describe the makeup of the Internet and the
World Wide Web
2 Discuss navigational tools, search engines,
and directories
3 Describe common Internet services
4 Summarize widely used Web applications
5 Explain the purpose of intranets
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MIS5 | CH7
2
LEARNING OUTCOMES (continued)
6 Explain the purpose of extranets
7 Summarize the trends of the Web 2.0, Web
3.0, and Internet2 eras
8 Describe the Internet of Everything
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MIS5 | CH7
3
Internet and the World Wide Web
• Internet
• Worldwide collection of millions of computers
and networks of all sizes
• Derived from the term internetworking which
meant connecting networks
• Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(ARPANET)
- Project started in 1969 by the U.S.
Department of Defense was the beginning of
the Internet
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MIS5 | CH7
4
Internet and the World Wide Web
• Internet backbone
• Foundation network linked with fiber-optic
cables that can support high bandwidth
• Made up of many interconnected government,
academic, commercial, and other high capacity
data routers
• Private companies operate their own Internet
backbones that interconnect at network access
points (NAPs)
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MIS5 | CH7
5
Internet and the World Wide Web
• World Wide Web (WWW, or “the Web”)
changed the Internet in 1989 by:
• Introducing graphical interface to the text-based
Internet
• Hypermedia
• Documents include embedded references to
audio, text, images, video, and other documents
• Hypertext
• Embedded references in hypermedia documents
• Consists of links users can click to follow a
thread
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MIS5 | CH7
6
Domain Name System (DNS)
• Protocol which converts domain names into
IP addresses when information is
transferred from one network to another
• Domain names: Unique identifiers of
computer or network addresses on the
Internet
• Internet Protocol (IP) address
• Assigned by the Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
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MIS5 | CH7
7
Domain Name System (DNS)
• Uniform resource locators (URLs)
• Address of a document or site on the Internet
• Otherwise known as universal resource locators,
identify a Web page
• TLD: Denotes the type of organization or
country the address specifies
• Organizational (gTLDs)
• Country-code (ccTLDs)
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MIS5 | CH7
8
Table 7.1
Generic Top-Level Domains
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9
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Language used to create Web pages
• Defines a page’s layout and appearance by
using tags and attributes
• Tag delineates a section of the page, such as the
header or body
• Attribute specifies a value
- Font color, for a page component
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MIS5 | CH7
10
Types of Internet Connections
• Dial-up
• Cable modems
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Symmetric DSL (SDSL)
• Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)
• Very High-Speed DSL (VDSL)
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MIS5 | CH7
11
Categorization of Tools
• Navigational tools
• Used to travel from website to website - as in
surf the Internet
• Search engines
• Information system that enables users to
retrieve data from the Web by using search
terms
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12
Categorization of Tools
• Directories
• Indexes of information based on keywords
embedded in documents which allows search
engines to find what is being looked for
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MIS5 | CH7
13
Navigational Tools: Web Browsers
• Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE), Mozilla
Firefox, Google Chrome, and Apple Safari,
and Opera
• Consists of menu options
• Includes options for:
•
•
•
•
Viewing your browsing history
Bookmarking favorite websites
Setting viewing preferences
Navigation buttons
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MIS5 | CH7
14
Process Followed by Search Engines
• Crawling the Web
• Search engines use software called crawlers,
spiders, bots, and other similar names
• Crawlers
- Find the new data
- Checks to see what links are on the page and
confirms that the links are working
- Identify broken link and includes the
information as part of the data about that
page
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15
Process Followed by Search Engines
• Gathered data is sent back to the search
engine’s data center
- Ensures that search engine has updated
information on the web
• Indexing
• Housed at server farms, search engines use
keywords to index data coming in from crawlers
• Each keyword has an index entry that is linked to
all Web pages containing that keyword
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16
Process Followed by Search Engines
• Searching
• Search engine:
- Uses the index created in earlier step to look
up the term
- Identifies all Web pages linked to the term if
the term exists in the index
- Varies in intelligence
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17
Types of Directories
• Automated or crawler-based: Creates
indexes of search terms and collects these
terms automatically by using crawlers
• Google, Yahoo!, Ask.com
• Human powered: Requires keywords to be
manually submitted for a Web page to be
listed in a search engine’s results
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MIS5 | CH7
18
Internet Services
• Services made possible by the TCP suite of
protocols
• Simple Message Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• Post Office Protocol (POP)
• Popular services
• E-mail, newsgroups, discussion groups, Internet
Relay Chat, instant messaging, and Internet
telephony
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E-mail
• Widely used services on the Internet
• Main types
• Web-based e-mail
• Client-based e-mail
• E-mail programs include:
•
•
•
•
Folders for organization
Address books and distribution groups
Spell checkers
Delivery notification
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Newsgroups and Discussion Groups
• Newsgroups
• General in nature and can cover any topic
• Allow people to get together for fun or for
business purposes
• Discussion groups
• Formed for people to exchange opinions and
ideas on a specific topic
• Group members post messages or articles that
others in the group can read
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MIS5 | CH7
21
Instant Messaging
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
• Enables users in chat rooms to exchange text
messages with people in other locations in real
time
• Instant messaging (IM)
• Service for communicating with others via a
private chat room on the Internet
• Applications
- Windows Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger, and
Google Chat
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MIS5 | CH7
22
Internet Telephony
• Using the Internet to exchange spoken
conversations
• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
• Protocol used for Internet telephony
• Requires high-speed Internet connection and
microphone or headset
• Makes international and long-distance calls less
expensive
• Used to route traffic starting and ending at
conventional PSTN phones
• Lacks call quality
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MIS5 | CH7
23
Web Applications
• Services and products for a wide range of
customers at competitive prices and with
increased convenience
• Used with minimum costs
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MIS5 | CH7
24
Tourism and Travel
• Benefited from e-commerce Web
applications
• Travel websites allow customers to book
tickets for plane trips and cruises
• Examples
• Expedia.com, Travel.com, Travelocity. com,
Priceline.com, Hotels.com, Google.com/flights/,
and Yahoo! Travel
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MIS5 | CH7
25
Publishing
• Major publishers in the United States and
Europe offer websites with:
•
•
•
•
Descriptions of forthcoming books
Sample chapters
Online ordering
Search features
• Publishers offer books that can be read
online free or enable people to buy e-books
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Higher Education
• Universities have websites offering:
• Information about departments, programs,
faculty, and academic resources
• Virtual tours of the campus
• Online degree programs help colleges and
universities facing an enrollment decline
• Makes it possible for students who cannot
attend school otherwise to enroll in classes
• Universities with online classes can have
renowned experts give lectures or seminars
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Real Estate
• Provide millions of up-to-date listings of
homes
• Allows buyers to review neighborhoods,
schools, and real estate prices
• Helps customers find realtors and brokerage
firms, and learn home-buying tips
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Employment
• Expert advice and tools for managing your
career
• Resumé assistance
• Job search tutorials
• Posting and distributing resumes
• Job alerts
• Searches by company, industry, region, or
category
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Employment
• Announcements of job fairs
• Career tests to see what career is right for
you
• Salary calculators
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MIS5 | CH7
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Financial Institutions
• Offer online banking services
• Use e-mail to communicate with customers
and send account statements and financial
reports
• Helps banks to reduce the time and costs of
communicating via phone
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MIS5 | CH7
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Financial Institutions
• Banking services
• Accessing customer service by e-mail around the
clock
• Viewing current and old transactions
• Online mortgage applications
• Interactive tools
• Finding loan status and credit card account
information online
• Paying bills and credit card accounts
• Transferring funds
• Viewing digital copies of checks
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MIS5 | CH7
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Software Distribution
• Vendors distribute software on the Internet
as well as drivers and patches
• Antivirus updates
• Fast, and easy to download
• Large programs not distributed via Internet
• Provides an inexpensive, convenient, and
fast way to sell software
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MIS5 | CH7
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Healthcare
• Stores patient records on the Internet
• Helps access patient information from one
central location
• Consists of potential problems involving
information privacy, accuracy, and currency
• Made finding critical health information is faster
and more efficient
• Facilitates telemedicine, telepresence surgery
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Politics
• Political candidates make use of websites in
campaigns
•
•
•
•
Announcing platforms
Publicizing voting records
Posting notices of appearances and debates
Fundraising
• Gives the possibility of legislators voting via
online systems
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Intranets
• Network within an organization that uses
Internet protocols and technologies for:
• Collecting, storing, and disseminating useful
information that supports business activities
• Otherwise known as corporate portals
• Facilitates internal use by employees
• Companies also allow trusted business partners
to access their intranets
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Intranets
• Uses Internet technologies to solve
organizational problems
• Different from an LAN
• Defining and limiting access is important for
security reasons
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Exhibit 7.3
Simple Intranet Architecture
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Table 7.2
The Internet versus Intranets
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Business Applications of an Intranet
•
•
•
•
•
Human resources management
Sales and marketing
Production and operations
Accounting and finance
Helps organizations move from a calendarbased, document-publishing strategy to an
event based strategy
• Reduces the costs and time of document
production
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MIS5 | CH7
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Extranets
• Secure network that:
• Uses the Internet and Web technologies to
connect intranets of business partners
• Facilitates communication between
organizations or between consumers
• Considered to be a type of interorganizational system (IOS)
• Electronic funds transfer (EFT)
• Electronic data interchange (EDI)
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Extranets
• Allow companies to reduce internetworking
costs and give competitive advantage
• Leads to increased profits
• Require a comprehensive security system
and management control
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Exhibit 7.4
Simple Extranet Architecture
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Advantages of Extranets
•
•
•
•
•
Coordination
Feedback
Consumer satisfaction
Cost reduction
Expedited communication
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New Trends: The Web 2.0 and 3.0 Eras
• Web 2.0
• Trend toward Web applications that are more
interactive than traditional Web applications
• Includes e-collaboration as a key component
• Focuses mainly on social networking and
collaboration
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New Trends: The Web 2.0 and 3.0 Eras
• Web 3.0
• Otherwise known as the Semantic Web
• Provides personalization that allows users to
access the Web more intelligently
• Focuses on intelligent Web applications using
applications of artificial intelligent technologies
• Facilitates computers to read websites easily as
humans
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Table 7.4
Web 1.0 Versus Web 2.0
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MIS5 | CH7
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Blogs
• Journal or newsletter that’s updated
frequently and intended for the general
public
• Reflects the authors’ personality and
includes philosophical thoughts and
opinions on social or political issues
• Microblogs: Newer version of traditional
blogs
• Enable users to create smaller versions of blog
posts
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MIS5 | CH7
48
Wikis
• Website that allows users to add, delete,
and modify content
• Includes a feature where information user
can also be an information provider
• Lacks in quality of information because
allowing anyone to modify content affects
the accuracy
• Corporate wikis were developed to restrict
content being edited by others
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Social Networking Sites
• Broad class of websites and services that
allow users to connect with friends, family,
and colleagues online
• Popular social networking sites
• Facebook, Twitter
• LinkedIn: Professional networking site
• Popular for business use
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RSS (Really Simple Syndication) Feeds
• Fast, easy way to distribute Web content in
Extensible Markup Language (XML) format
• Subscription service
• New content selected from websites delivered
via a feed reader to one convenient spot
• XML
• Flexible method for creating common formats
for information
• Tags represent the kind of content being posted
and transmitted
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MIS5 | CH7
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Podcasting
• Electronic audio file posted on the Web for
users to download to their mobile devices
• Consists of a specific URL and is defined
with an XML item tag
• Collected by an aggregator
• iTunes or iPodder
• Users can subscribe to a podcast
• Enables users to be subscribed
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The Internet2
• Collaborative effort involving more than 200
U.S. universities and corporations to
develop:
• Advanced Internet technologies and applications
for higher education and academic research
• Gigapop
• Local connection point-of-presence that
connects a variety of high-performance
networks
• Exchanges I2 traffic with a specified bandwidth
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Applications of Internet2
•
•
•
•
Learningware
Digital Library
Teleimmersion
Virtual laboratories
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Internet of Everything (IOE)
• Web-based development in which people,
processes, data, and things are
interconnected via the Internet using:
•
•
•
•
RFID devices
Barcodes
Wireless systems
QR codes
• Internet of things (IoT)
• Physical objects that are connected to the
Internet and to all the other physical objects
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Internet of Everything (IOE)
• Facilitates
• Automated inventory systems in the retail
industry
• Automated and programmable appliances in
domestic households
• Road and bridge systems
• Helps solve social problems
• Hunger, water pollution, adverse climate
change, and increasing energy costs
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KEY TERMS
• Advanced research projects agency network
(ARPANET)
• Blog
• Directories
• Discussion groups
• Domain name system (DNS)
• Extranet
• Gigapop
• Hypermedia
• Hypertext
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KEY TERMS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hypertext markup language (HTML)
Instant messaging (IM)
Internet
Internet backbone
Internet relay chat (IRC)
Internet telephony
Internet2 (I2)
Intranet
Navigational tools
Newsgroups
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KEY TERMS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Podcast
RSS (really simple syndication) feeds
Search engine
Social networking
The internet of everything
The internet of things
Uniform resource locators (URLs)
Voice over internet protocol (VoIP)
Web 2.0
Wiki
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SUMMARY
• Internet is a network of networks
• TCP/IP provides several useful e-mail
protocols
• Web applications are used with minimum
costs
• Extranets are considered a type of interorganizational system (IOS)
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