RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE
ANNEXURE – II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR
DISSERTATION
Mrs RENUKA
I YEAR M. Sc. NURSING
ALVA’S COLLEGE OF NURSING
MOODBIDRI
1.
Name of the candidate and
Address (in block letters)
2.
Name of the institution
ALVA’S COLLEGE OF NURSING
MOODBIDRI
3.
Course of the Study,
Subject
1ST YEAR M.Sc. NURSING
MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
4.
Date of Admission to the Course
02/06/2009
5.
Title of the Topic
A study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge
regarding selected first aid measures among the adults in selected rural areas of
Mangalore Taluk.
1
6.
Brief resume of the intended work:
6.1 Need for the study
“Prepare and prevent, don’t repair and repent”
Increasing mechanization has resulted in an increase in morbidity and disability. The
accidents, drowning, burns, poisoning, falls, injuries, bites and industrial accidents account
significant proportion of deaths in India.1
First aid consists of methods and techniques that enhance practices related to the
prevention, the preparedness and the immediate response to health emergencies. First aid can
be provided in all the areas like household, workplace, and recreational areas etc. Beyond
health matters, first aid knowledge also increases the social responsibility of the society and
strengthens values.2
A study was conducted to analyze all trauma deaths in children and adolescents aged
between 1 to 19 years in Manipal. The study is based on autopsy records, information
furnished by police, and chemical analyze report. Results revealed that traffic injuries were
responsible for 38.4% of maximum mortalities, followed by those because 24.9% of burns
and 15.9% of poisoning. Male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. Males predominantly died of traffic
injuries , whereas females as a result of burns .3
A first aid for scalds campaign was conducted among three ethnic groups
Victanamese, Chinese, and Arabic. The campaign aimed to increase the proportion of
Vietnamese, Chinese, and Arabic parents and caregivers. A media campaign was the primary
strategy. It included advertisements on the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) radio and in
ethnic Newspapers. The study results revealed that there was a significant change between the
two surveys in the proportion of people who reported correct knowledge of first aid, from
41.7% to 63.2% (÷2 = 25.7, p<0.0001). Although there were increases for all groups in
knowledge of correct first aid after the campaign, the largest increase was in the Vietnamese
2
group. The results implies that it is worthwhile to conduct campaigns specifically targeted to
ethnic communities.4
A descriptive survey was done among the 654 adult parents to assess the knowledge
of first aid, after publishing simple guidelines for the first aid management of ill or injured
children in America. The findings of the study revealed that out of 654 adult surveyed, none
of those answered all questions correctly, with roughly half being familiar with 60% of the
questions. Knowledge of specific guidelines ranged from 21% to 92%. Many of the adults are
unaware of these guidelines. Further education is required to improve knowledge of first aid.5
First aid training is very important for everybody. By learning first aid, a person can
provide the necessary care while waiting for the ambulance to arrive. Often critical life
support is effective when given immediately. Thus it is advisable that a person should learn
basic first aid knowledge. It is sad to note that in most developing countries like India; a lot of
people are still unaware off doing basic life saving procedures. Hence investigator felt it
necessary to conduct structured teaching programme regarding selected first aid measures
among the adults.6
6.2 Review of literature:-
A retrospective analysis of poisoning calls received by the National Poison
Information Centre. A total of 2719 calls over a period of three years. The data were analyzed
with respect to age, sex, mode and type of poisoning the age ranged from less than 1 to 70
years with the highest incidence in the range of 14-40 years, with 57% of male, out
numbering 43% of females. The most common mode of poisoning was 53% of suicidal
followed by 47% of accidental .The route to exposure was mainly oral, dermal, inhalation and
ocular exposure contributed. The highest incidence of poisoning was due to 44% of
household agents , followed by 18.8% of drugs, 12.8% of agricultural pesticides, 809% of
industrial chemicals, 47.7% of animal bites and strings, 1.7% of plants, 2.9% of
and 5.6% of miscellaneous groups.7
3
unknown
A Quasi experimental study was done to assess the effect of structured teaching
programme on First Aid Management and Emergency Care (FAM & EC) of burns
patient among 50 staff nurses. The data was analyzed by calculating the score in terms of
mean and standard deviation‘t’ value and was finally calculated between experimental and
control groups. Mean pretest score and post test knowledge score of control groups (32-48,33)
was
not statistically significant, whereas the pretest knowledge score of experimental
group(31.52,43.52) was found to be highly significant (48)=10.090(p<0.001) as evident from
‘t’ value. This study suggests that structured teaching programme has definite impact on the
mean knowledge score of experimental group.8
The National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) analyzed to describe childhood farm
drowning. Farm drowning rates were compared to the United States unintentional youth
drowning rates for the same period. There were 378 childhood farm drowning cases during
the study period, for an average, annual rates of 2.3 death per 100.00 farm youth resident
years. An average 32 farm drowning incidents occurred to youth annually making drowning a
legitimate concern for farm residents and visitors.9
An epidemiological study was done on incidences of snake bite in Andhra Pradesh.
Data from 1379 snakebite cases were collected from case report for a 5 year period (19992003). The result of the study revealed that the peak numbers of snake bite cases were seen
during June-September. Majority of the cases were observed in the age group 21-50 years
(71%) higher incidence of snake bite was recorded in males.10
A study was conducted among 312 primary school teachers to evaluate
knowledge and attitudes about first aid in Turkey. Findings of the study revealed that most of
the teachers do not have correct knowledge and attitudes about first aid. Sixty five percentage
of the teachers gave incorrect answers regarding epistaxis, 63.5% for bee stings, and 88.5%
for abrasion. It showed that teachers did not have enough knowledge about first aid.11
4
6.3 Problem statement:
A study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge
regarding selected first aid measures among the adults in selected rural areas of Mangalore
Taluk.
6.4 Objectives of the study:The objectives of the study are to:
1. assess the pre-test knowledge score regarding selected first aid measures among
the adults.
2. assess the post-test knowledge score regarding selected first aid measures among
the adults.
3. evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme.
4. find out the association between the knowledge scores and selected demographic
variables.
6.5 Operational definitions:-
Effectiveness: It refers to the extent to which the structured teaching
programme has achieved the desired effect in terms of gain in knowledge
Scores.
Structured Teaching Programme: It is a systematically organized teaching
programme designed to provide information on selected aspects of first aid measures
such as dog bite, snakebite, drowning, burns, poisoning that happens unexpectedly
requiring immediate action.
5
Knowledge: In this study knowledge refers to the correct responses to the knowledge
questionnaire about selected first aid measures.
First aid measures: In this study it refers to the immediate care that is given to an
injured or ill person before treatment by medically trained personnel.
Rural area: In this study it refers to communities having less than 20,000
residents.
6.6 Assumptions:The study assuming that:
1. The adults have inadequate knowledge regarding first aid measures.
2. The teaching programme will enrich the level of knowledge regarding selected
first aid measures among adults which will help them to provide first aid in
Community settings.
6.7 Delimitations:The study is limited to:
1. Adults who are able to read and write kannada.
2.Adults who are available at the time of study
6
6.8 Hypotheses(Projected Outcome):The study is based on the hypothesis
H1:- There will be significant difference in the mean pre-test and post-test knowledge
scores among the adults.
H2:- There will be a significant association between the knowledge scores on selected
aspects first aid measures and selected demographic variables
7
MATERIAL AND METHOD:
7.1
SOURCE OF DATA
Data will be collected from adults of selected rural areas of Mangalore Taluk.
7.1.1.Research design
The design adopted is one group pre-test and post-test pre-experimental design.
Pre test
O1
Intervention
X
Post test
O2
7.1.2 Setting
Setting consists of selected rural areas of Mangalore Taluk
7.1.3 Population
The population for the study consists of the adults between the age group of 2040years of selected rural areas of Mangalore Taluk.
7.2
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
7.2.1 Sampling procedure
Sampling procedure used is convenient sampling technique.
7
7.2.2 Sample size
Sample consists of 60 rural adults.
7.2.3 Inclusion criteria for sampling
1. Adults between the age group of 20-40years.
2. Adults who are willing to participate in the study.
3. Adults present at the time of study.
. 7.2.4 Exclusion criteria for sampling
1. Who are below the age group of 20 years and above the age group of 40 years.
2. Who not willing to participate in the study.
7.2.5 Instruments used
Tool 1: Demographic proforma.
Tool 2: Structured Knowledge questionnaire.
7.2.6 Data collection method
Data will be collected by direct administration of demographic proforma and
structured knowledge questionnaire regarding selected first aid measures.
7.2.7 Plan for data analysis:It is done by using both descriptive and inferential statistics.
1. Demographic data will be analyzed using frequency and percentage
2. Knowledge score will be analyzed by computing frequency percentage mean,
median, mean percentage and standard deviation.
3. The mean pre-test and post-test scores difference would be compared by
applying Paired ‘t’ test will be used to find the effectiveness of structured
teaching programme.
4. Chi-square test will be used to find out the association between knowledge
scores and selected demographic variables
8
7.3 Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on
patients, or other humans or animals? If so please describe briefly.
Yes, administration of structured questionnaire and teaching.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
Yes, ethical clearance has been obtained from the concerned authority.
9
8
List of references
1. Misra R. India Report: Oxford University Press. 2003;[41screens]. Available at:
http//www.cbcihealth.com. accessed August 13, 2009.
2.
Black C. First aid International Federation of Red Cross and Redcrosscent studies.
1997;[3screens]. Available at: http//www.graspoodsafety.org. Accessed August 28,
2009.
3. Kanchan T, Menezes RG. Mortalities among children and adolescent in Manipal
Southern India. JTrauma 2008 Jun;64(6):1600-7.
4.
King L, Thomas M, Gatenby K, Georgiou A, Hera M. First aid for scald campaign:
reaching Sydne,s, Chinese, Victanamese, and Arabic speaking communities. BMJ
2006;12:427-429.
5. Singur AJ, Gulla J, Thode HC, Cronin KA. Paediatric first aid knowledge. JCN 2004
Dec;20(12):808-11.
6. Obergon PJ. First aid knowledge is important. 2008;[4 screens]. Available at:
http://indiastudychannel.com.Accessed November 13, 2009.
7. Srivastava A, Peshin, SS, Kaleekal T, Gupta SK.An epidemiological study of
poisoining cases reported to the National Poisonous Information Centre. Hum Exp
Toxicol 2005 Jun 24(6):279-85.
8. Sani P, Ranadeve P, Mahal R. Study of knowledge of first aid management and
emergency
care
in
burn
patients.
2009;[3screens].
Available
at:
http://www.tnainonline.org. Accessed November 15, 2009.
9. Nelson A. Trends in childhood drowning on US farms. J Rural Health 2008;19(1):1114.
10. Brunda G, Shashidar RB. Epidemiological profile of snakebites cases from Andhra
Pradesh using immunological approach. Indian J Med Res 2007 May;125(5):661-8.
11. Baser M, Goban S, Tasci S, Sungur G, Bayat M.Evaluting first aid knowledge and
attitude of a sample of Turkish primary school teachers. J Emerg Nurs
2007;33(5):428-32.
10
11