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Contempoary Social Psychology 2014:
Week 3
Lynn E. O’Connor
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Questions you left with:
 Emotions,
traits:
 Universality
of emotions
 How and when they are expressed, is
situational
 Display Rules:
 How different societies treat emotions
Display rules
 Indigenous
illness?
 How
populations and mental
does a population/group stay
mentally healthy?
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Universality
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This is Ekman at a young age
+ Facial expressions of emotions
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Display Rules:
Can you express happiness to customer etc?
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Anger fear happy
neutral
+ New studies suggest there is an
emotional “accent”
Japanese
Japan)
Review
Americans & Japanese (from
of new research demonstrating:
 People
can tell if someone is from the US
or another country
 There are subtle differences, may be
connected to voice tone, body gestures
Emotions
are universal, but expression
may have cultural “accents”
+ Antecedents to Psychopathology
in Chimpanzees
Chimpanzee
study
Findings
Would
Is
we find same in Bonobos
it culture, or is it biology
Zoo-keepers
Guilt
descriptions of guilt
and depression
+ Chimpanzees: Males/Females on
Depression in 5 year intervals
+ Chimpanzees: Male/Female on
Antisocial Personality
+ Subjective Wellbeing in Chimps
+ Why are females more depressed?
Is
it “male dominance?”
 Social
status/ranking effects levels of
serotonin
Is
it hormones?
Is
it how animal metabolizes serotonin?
Is
it cultural or genetic inheritance?
Would
Why
it look different in Bonobos?
female dominance? (Cultural or
genetic inheritance?
+ Is it culture or genetics?
 Culture-Gene
 Dual
Coevolution
inheritance theory
 Cultural
traits adaptive
 Spread
by social learning (imitation), one
generation to the next
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Evolve & influence social and physical
environments under which genetic
selection operates.
 In
line with last week’s discussion of
personality and traits (group function)
 Cultural
trait: Individualism-Collectivism
+ Example: Growing Yams
Groups
growing yams
 More
sitting water
 More mosquitos, more malaria
 Sickle
cell genetic
 Sickle
cell protective against malaria
 Cultural
tradition, passed down through
cultural evolution
 Sickle
cell passed –genetic inheritance
 Genetic
and cultural evolution –Coevolution
+ Cultural Neuroscience: Why do we
have individualistic–collectivistic
cultures?
 Human
behavior influenced by specific genes
 Human
behavior influenced by culture
 Serotonin
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transporter gene:
allele S (short)
allele L (long)
 In
western populations, S associated with higher
rates of negative affect, mood and anxiety
disorders
 In
East Asia 70-80% of people carry the S allele
 In
West 40-45% carry S allele
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Cultural Neuroscience
 Geographical
variations (historically and
present) in presence of disease carrying
pathogens –malaria, typhus, leprosy
 Geographical
variations in environmental
pressures led to cultural variability in
individualism vs. collectivism via genetic
selection
 Variation
in pathogen exposure predicts
variability in individualistic vs collectivistic
cultural norms via selection
 Nations
with more pathogens culturally evolve
to greater collectivism
+ Culture x Genes Coevolution
 Collectivistic
norms are more adaptive in
population with higher frequency of
exposure to pathogens
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Anti-pathogen defense function served by collectivistic
norms
 Collectivistic
norms may also serve as antipsychopathology (in face of soc stressors)
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Conformity, social harmony over individuality,
Collectivistic cultural norms lead to reduced risk of
affective disorders among people with higher risk factors
(e.g., S allele)
Collectivistic culture reduces risk of exposure such as
chronic life stress.
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Culture x Genetic Evolution:
Cultural Neuroscience
 Nations
with higher pathogen frequency -Higher frequency of S allele (serotonin
transporter gene) in population
S
allele associated with social sensitivity,
responsiveness to negative & positive
social experiences
S
allele associated with collectivisitc
cultural normas
Survivor Guilt Correlated with Self-hate Across Cultures
42
Japan
US Chinese
40
38
US Asian
US African
US Filipino
36
US Euro
US Euro
34
32
Self-Hate
US Japanese
US Hispanic
30
Sweden
28
53
54
55
56
Survivor Guilt
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
Mean Survivor Guilt and Mean Depression
Across Cultures
2.0
US Chinese
1.5
1.0
Standardized Depression Scores
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Japan
US Euro
US Asian
.5
US Filipino
0.0
-.5
US Hispanic
US African
US Euro
-1.0
Sweden
-1.5
58
60
Survivor Guilt
62
64
66
68
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SMALL GROUPS:
 TOPIC
IS SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
 Discuss
your planned reading
 Bonobos
 What
& Cultural Neuroscience
you are reading for next week
 Select
topic for your
article/presentation
 Make
plan for presentations before
class ends
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END LECTURE
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BONOBO: WHOLE FILM
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnFvZwR69iw
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BONOBO SEX
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgs4ut00llE
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Bonobos make love…
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgs4ut00llE
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgs4ut00llE
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bg3u806w9h0&list=RDB
g3u806w9h0#t=51
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82GUjPConiE&list=RDBg
3u806w9h0
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Social cues in the brain from scientific american
http://www.scientificamerican.com/video/social-cues-inthe-2012-02-24/
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Elephant cooperation video
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRpLgQm2p-s#t=17
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De waal moral behavior in animals
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcJxRqTs5nk
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Sources for
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http://www.socialpsychology.org/
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Social Psychology Network
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Bonoobo documentary 51 minutes
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnFvZwR69iw
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Lost Tribe (15 minutes)
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https://www.socialpsychology.org/
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http://edge.org/conversation/social_psychological_narrativ
e
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Discussion with tim wilson
http://www.slideshare.net/Cugelman/social-psychology-ofsocial-media
http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/social_psyc
hology/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNGsgi9HRJU
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Bonobo Love (Bonobos have sex all the time)
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Videos re evolution
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOfRN0KihOU
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GiZdhxkfBCk
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anthropology
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Lost tribe 15 minutes
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Isolated (full documentary) 57 minutes
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zosGI06sICY#aid=P9Rg5_dq1g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Wj6bvn_Hpc
Nomads of the rainforest waorani
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hn8gk67s6YM