RSPB Geltsdale Nature Reserve
discover wildlife
Explore Moor Teaching Support Pack
Contents
Discover Wildlife page
Welcome to the Reserve
2
Planning your Visit 3
Activities Map
4
Pre-visit Activities
5
Around the Reserve
6
Discover Wildlife
• Bird-watching
7
• Stream-dipping
9
• Bug-sweeping
11
Follow-up Activities
13
Teaching Supports
• Games
• Trails Map
• Risk Assessments
14-16
17
18-21
Welcome to RSPB Geltsdale Nature Reserve
Welcome to the RSPB Geltsdale Nature Reserve.
We want you and your students to get as much as possible out of your visit, so this
pack is designed to help you prepare beforehand, explore and learn while you’re here,
and build on the experience when you’re back in the classroom. Above all, we want
everyone to enjoy the day and go home feeling not only that they’ve had a fun and
rewarding time, but also that they want to go on discovering wildlife.
First, some background. RSPB Geltsdale is:
• Situated in the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and an internationally important breeding area for upland birds.
• Steeped in history: over the centuries, it’s been a royal hunting forest, a mining and quarrying area, and the preserve of red grouse and hill sheep.
• A working farm with a unique mosaic of habitats – meadow, wetland, moor, and woodland.
• Important for a wide range of wildlife, especially wading birds, black grouse, and birds of prey, providing abundant food, shelter and nest sites.
• A very beautiful environment in which adults and children alike can explore freely, stretching their minds as well as their legs.
In your pack, we hope you’ll find all you need to ensure your group’s day at the Reserve
is a success, including information on how to book a visit, how to get here, what you
can expect to see on the day, suggestions for activities before and after your visit, and
health and safety provisions. But if there’s anything we haven’t covered, or you need
more information, please visit our website www.rspb.org.uk/geltsdale, or give us a call,
on 016977 46717.
2
Planning your Visit
Facilities
How to book
The RSPB Geltsdale Information Centre is located
at Stagsike Cottages and will be your group’s base
for the day.
At the Centre, you’ll find:
When you’ve decided you’d like to bring a group to
RSPB Geltsdale, please give us a call (016977 46717)
or send us an e-mail ([email protected])
to arrange a date and tell us your requirements.
We’ll need to know:
• Parking for pre-arranged mini-buses
• Toilet facilities (with disabled access)
• Your preferred date and time for your visit
• Picnic tables
• Space inside if the weather is too cold or wet
Please ensure you take all left-overs and litter with
you when you leave.
Mobile phone coverage is generally good at
Geltsdale, except in the main RSPB Visitor Car
Park, before entering the Reserve, where reception
can be poor.
A69
A68
9
Hallbankgate
Belted Will pub
Visitor Car Park
Stagsike Cottages
Reproduced from the digital Ordnance Survey map by permission of
Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
© Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. RSPB license 10002178
• The number of children and adults in your group (the ideal group size is around 15 students)
• What equipment you’d like to borrow from us in advance (eg binoculars) or use on the day (eg stream dipping equipment) and how many of each
• Any special needs your group may have
How to get here
From the A69, outside Brampton, take the A689
Alston road. In Hallbankgate, look out for the
brown RSPB sign and take the road which forks
right, past the ‘Belted Will’ pub which will be on
your right. Follow this road through the village and
turn sharp right at the top of the hill, where the
road narrows and is signposted ‘RSPB Geltsdale’.
Continue up the hill and past some houses. Just
before the main RSPB Visitor Car Park, go through
the gate on your left (closing it behind you, please),
and follow the track for approximately 1 mile. The
information centre at Stagsike Cottages is visible
from the track after about half a mile.
The track is unsuitable for large coaches, but you
may wish to contact one of the following companies
to arrange a mini-bus:
N.K. Brown
(16- and 33-seater minibuses):
07720 773 105 or 01228 670 827
Cumbria Community Transport
(16-seater minibus): 01228 633 642
We recommend you check when booking your
transport that the driver will be familiar with the
route to the reserve.
What to wear
The Reserve is in very open country, and much
of the day will be spent out-doors, so everyone
should come prepared for breezy, upland
conditions.
We strongly advise:
• Warm layers (eg fleece, woolly jumper, long sleeves and trousers)
• Waterproof outer layer
(eg anorak, raincoat, cagoule)
• Wellies for stream-dipping* and/or boots, sturdy trainers for other activities
• Spare pair of socks
• Sun-hat or a woolly hat
(depending on the weather)
We also recommend that teachers or other
accompanying adults bring:
• Towel
• One complete change of child’s clothes
• First aid kit
• Sunscreen
*We have spare pairs of wellies in various
children’s sizes and 18 pairs of waterproof
trousers in case of need.
3
Activities Map
Acc
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Rest
STAGSIKE
MEADOWS
Toilet
Stagsike Cottages
Staff and pre-arranged parking
Interpretation
Information
Ideal locations for:
Bird-watching
Stream-dipping
Bug-sweeping
4
Pre-visit activities to do at school
Curriculum Links
Activities
• Download a short film called ‘Discover Widlife’, showing children on a visit to RSPB Geltsdale:
The following activities would link in well with
Science topics, such as habitats, food chains, or
adaptation. They could also be used across the
curriculum in Literacy, Art, Maths, or Design and
Technology.
www.rspb.org.uk/exploremoor
Food chains at RSPB Geltsdale
Rough grass
Stream
Wetland
• For a great introduction to the wildlife of RSPB Geltsdale, play the ‘Habitat’ and ‘Find Your Flock’ games
described on pages 14, 15 and 16.
• Borrow binoculars, wooden birds and charts from the reserve, for the children
to practice using binoculars and identifying birds by their markings, colours and features.
To arrange loan call: 016977 46717
stonechat
spider
dipper
caddisfly larva
froghopper
mayfly nymph
grass
algae
peregrine
curlew
earthworm
soil
• Have a go at bird-watching in the school grounds or a nearby park.
• Try mini-beast hunting and/or pond-dipping in or near your school grounds. Pupils could then compare the creatures they find with those at the Reserve.
For further information on RSPB activities,
please contact the Education Officer:
[email protected]
5
Around the Reserve
While the main objective of your day at RSPB
Geltsdale will be discovering birds, bugs and
water-beasties, there are lots of other things
in and around the reserve which contribute
to making it a special place for wildlife.
blue-grey cattle
On the way up to Stagsike Cottages, you’ll
probably see some of our blue-grey cattle.
Their sturdy build and thick coats make
them well-suited to wind and rain. Cattle and
sheep-grazing help to create varied habitats,
suited to different birds.
On the slopes, we’ve planted thousands of
native British trees (birch, hazel, hawthorn and
oak) which, in time, will re-establish scrubwoodland, providing food and shelter for birds
and small animals. If you’re very lucky, you
may spot a black grouse.
Much of the higher ground is ‘blanket bog’
- deep layers of peat, formed over time
by Sphagnum mosses. The surface layer is
interspersed with tufts of heather and the
bobbing white heads of cotton grass – all
typical of upland moor, and home to skylarks,
meadow pipits, and a number of wading birds,
such as curlew and golden plover.
blackgrouse
grouse
black
skylark
6
Bird-watching
Objective
Use binoculars to watch wetland birds in their
natural habitat.
wheel
eye pieces
body
• The children can rest their arms on the wall to steady their binoculars and conceal themselves.
When to visit
• Start by scanning the pools and the bank, then look at the tree tops, fence line/walls and finally the skyline.
• These birds arrive in March when you can see them displaying
• Females sit on nests in April
• Chicks may be seen May to late June
Resources needed
lense
All the equipment needed can be booked in advance
for collection at the Information Centre, ready for
you to use (call 016977 46717 to book).
We can provide up to 18 pairs of binoculars and
identification keys
Binoculars
Please return all borrowed equipment to the
Centre when you leave.
Tips
strap
lense
• If there’s any bird you are unsure of, look at its size, shape, bill, colour, patterns and movement. Make some notes or sketches if you can. Then use one of the bird guides in the Information Centre to help you
identify what you have seen.
How to do it
Demonstrate to your group how to use the
binoculars:
1. Put the strap around your neck so that if you lose grip of the binoculars you won’t drop them, as the lenses are easily damaged.
2. Holding onto the binoculars with both hands, raise them to your eyes and swivel the main body until the eyepieces are the right distance apart for your eyes and you should see one image (which may be blurry).
3. To focus, find a point in the distance, e.g. one of the pools, or a tree. Rotate the wheel on top of the binoculars, until you can see clearly. The wheel turns both ways.
4. Now practice focussing on objects at different distances.
7
Bird-watching
Snipe
Oyster catcher
• Uses its very long, straight bill to probe for insects and worms
• Nests on bare ground
• In summer, uses its long, orange bill to probe in soil for invertebrates
•Flies in a zig-zag line when disturbed
•In winter, goes to the coast and uses its bill’s blunt tip to break into shells
•Call sounds like a squeaky bike wheel – ‘chippa, chippa’
•Displays by tumbling out of the sky, making a drumming noise with its tail feathers
• Shrill, piping call
Redshank
•Orange-red legs and bill
• Uses straight bill with flexible tip for collecting invertebrates, not probing
•In flight, white flashes visible on edges of wings
•Call has two notes –
‘tew-tew’
Lapwing
Size Guide
Bird silhouettes are compared
in size to a robin
• Long crest and striking green-black plumage
• Tumbling display flight with ducking and diving
• Scrapes small hollow in the ground to lay its eggs
• Eggs are camouflaged against predators
•Gets its other name – ‘pee-
wit’ – from its display call
Curlew
Canada Goose
• Very long down-curved bill, used for probing for insects and worms that are beyond the reach of other birds
• Long black neck and head
• Sad, bubbling call – ‘curlee, curlee, curlee’
• Nests on the moor in the long grass
• White chin patch and chest
• Loud, honking call
• Introduced from North America
8
Stream-dipping
Objective
How to do it
Discover what creatures live in a moorland stream.
Fill the viewing tray with water, then demonstrate
stream-dipping to your group:
When to visit
The best time of year for water-beasties is May to
July, but there are creatures in the stream all year
round.
Resources needed
All the equipment needed can be booked in advance
for collection at the Information Centre, ready for
you to use (call 016977 46717 to book)
We can provide up to 7 of each of the following:
• Dipping net
• Viewing tray
• Magnifying glass
• Identification keys
• Clipboard and pen
We also have some spare pairs of wellies, in children’s
sizes, and 18 pairs of waterproof trousers, in various
sizes. If you need these, please ring the bell at the
Information Centre and a member of RSPB staff will
be happy to help.
Please return all borrowed equipment and
wellies to the Centre when you leave.
Where to do it
Follow the path down to the stream, cross over the
bridge and you can set up the equipment along the
bank, as marked on the map (see page 4).
1. Stand in the stream, facing the bridge, with the net directly in front of your feet.
2. Gently disturb the stones and silt with your feet, catching any creatures in the net.
3. Quickly turn the net upside down into the viewing tray, highlighting to the children that these creatures need to be in water to breathe. Wash the net thoroughly, including the corners.
4. Using the magnifying glass and one of the keys attached to the clipboard, identify the
creatures in the tray.
6. At the end of the session, adults carry the trays back to the stream and carefully empty the contents into the water, holding the tray close to the surface of the stream.
Tips
• Ask children to fill the viewing trays with water before getting into the stream.
•Emphasize the importance of rapid transfer from stream to tray, because aquatic creatures need water to breathe.
•Explain that some creatures are almost invisible, so the net must be emptied very thoroughly.
• Two keys are supplied, for use with different age-groups
Dippers love caddisfly
larva and sometimes walk
underwater to catch them
9
Stream-dipping
nymph
turns into
mayfly
nymph
Mayfly nymph
Freshwater shrimp
Beetle larva
• ‘Nymph’ is the first stage after hatching from an egg
•Belongs to a family called ‘crustaceans’
• ‘Larva’ is the stage between the egg and the pupa
• Only found in very clean water, with lots of oxygen
•Brownish yellow in colour
•Beetle larvae have big appetites
• Flat body helps movement in fast-
flowing water, use hooks on their legs to cling onto rocks
• Feeds on tiny pieces of debris and small creatures
•Adult mayflies only live for a day – just enough time to lay their eggs in water, but not to eat!
• Long antennae on head
• Prefers flowing water
•Hard, sometimes dark heads, and distinctly visible mouth-
parts
• Sides of body are flat
stonefly nymph
Phantom midge larva
•So called because they are found under stones, in fast-
flowing streams
• Also called ‘glassworm’
•Stonefly nymphs have 2 tails and no gills along their body, unlike mayfly nymphs
turns into
stonefly
•Cast their skin as they grow
•Spend between 1 and 3 years under water until they reach the adult stage
Caddisfly larva
cased and uncased
• Hatch by the thousand in summer, from eggs laid on the surface of still water
• Sometimes called ‘sedge fly’
• Use hairs in mouth to filter food from water and sediment
• Growing larva sheds skin and case, then builds another case
• Eat other larvae
• Carries case with it for camouflage, protection and living in while changing into adult caddisfly
• Makes case for itself from grains of silt or plant fragments
• Phantom midges don’t bite!
Worms
brook lamprey
stone loach
• Bristle worms have tiny hairs on segments, to help movement
•Up to 10cms, with slender, mottled, brown/buff body
• Live in mud
•Up to 15cms long and easily confused with an eel, has a sucker disc with mouth in the middle rather than jaws
• 2mm to 75mm long
•Has a line of 7 respiratory holes behind the eye
• Flatworms have flattened,
jelly-like bodies
•Buries itself in mud and only emerges in spring to spawn, then dies
•Lives amongst the gravel and stones of fast
flowing water
• Live under rocks and pebbles
• Can re-grow if injured
•Mouth has 6 barbels, (look like whiskers) used to detect invertebrate prey
10
Bug-sweeping
Objective
How to do it
Tips
Discover who lives on the grassy slopes.
Demonstrate to your group how to use the nets
and transfer the bugs into the viewers:
There are thousands of different species of
bugs in the UK, so the ID chart lists some of the
interesting ones you’re more likely to see on
your visit.
When to visit
Late May to September are the best months for bugs.
Resources needed
All the equipment needed can be booked in advance
for collection at the Information Centre, ready for
you to use (call 016977 46717 to book).
We have 7 of each of the following:
• Sweep nets
• Bug viewers
• Magnified pots
• Brushes (to transfer bugs into pots)
• Identification keys
Please return all borrowed equipment to the
Centre when you leave.
Where to do it
See map on page 4
1. Walk slowly forwards, gently sweeping the net back and forth through the long grass.
2.Look inside to see what you’ve caught by resting the bottom of the net on the grass to stop it blowing around.
3. Take your bug viewer and brush, and gently transfer any bugs you’d like to have a closer look at into the viewer or pot using the brush. (It will be easier for the children to work in pairs/small groups with one holding the net,
and another putting the bugs in the viewer).
Spiders, flies and other easily recognisable bugs
are not included, but there are many different
types of these on the Reserve.
If you want to identify a bug, you could take a
photo or make some notes then research it back
at school.
A useful website is: www.britishbugs.org.uk
4.Look at the ID chart and see if you can work out what you have found.
Caring for your Captives
•Emphasize to the children that these bugs are very delicate.
• Always use the brush rather than fingers to gently coax them in and out of the viewers, as they can easily be crushed.
• Remind the children not to run when they have bugs in their viewers, so the bugs don’t get a headache!
• Remember to release your bugs roughly where you found them and ensure there are no bugs left in the nets.
11
Bug-sweeping
grass bug
•Feeds on developing grass seeds, causing seed heads to shrivel and prematurely whiten
nymph
Froghopper and
nymph
•Gets its name from the way it jumps from leaf to leaf
•Males are always fully-winged, females usually partly-winged
•Can be various colours, including red, black and brown
•Legs and antennae are covered in long dark hairs
• Nymphs cling to plant stems and suck sap. This creates a protective foam known as cuckoo spit
•Come in a variety of colours and patterns
grasshopper
•Jumps using a springy mechanism in its knees
•“Sings” by rubbing hind legs against front wings or by rubbing wings together
please do not capture or handle me
my wings are very delicate
small heath butterfly
•Small, yellow-orange
•Flies close to the ground
•Five eyes and no ears
but hears with an organ
called a ‘tympanum’
•Perches with wings closed
•Underside of forewing has eyespot at tip
•White blood
•Hindwing banded with brown, grey and cream
pregnant female
Scorpion fly
• Black and yellow body, with reddish brown head and tail
• Male’s tail curves up at end, like a scorpion, but doesn’t sting
• Transparent wings have dark patches
• Downward curving ‘beak’ and large eyes
• Eats dead insects, sometimes taken from spiders’ webs
Cranefly
• Very common, especially in summer
• Often called ‘Daddy Long-
Legs’
• Birds, especially rooks, like to eat them
• Larvae (called ‘leather-jackets’) can damage plants by eating roots and stems
dock leaf beetle
Weevil
Hoverfly
•Green dock leaf beetle feeds on wild docks and sorrel
•Recognized by their distinctive long snout or beak
• Looks like a small bee or wasp
•Females develop enlarged abdomens when pregnant, so their hard wing cases cannot close properly
•Antennae are L-shaped, usually attached part way along their snout
•Eggs are laid in clumps on the underside of leaves
• Hovers in one place then suddenly zooms off
• Important for pollination
•Mouthparts are adapted for boring into plants
• Feeds mainly on nectar and pollen, also eats greenfly
and blackfly (aphids)
•Nearly 600 British species
• Doesn’t sting
12
Follow-up activities
You could follow up the visit to RSPB Geltsdale
by linking it in with other subjects, for example:
Literacy
Writing poems, stories, accounts of the visit
linked to the wildlife and landscape.
Art and Design / ICT
Creating artwork based around the wildlife
they’ve seen, designing a poster, postcard or
leaflet about the reserve.
Maths
Count and record the number of different
species they find at the reserve, then, in school,
work out percentages, produce charts etc.
Design and Technology
Design and make a bird feeder or nestbox for
the birds in the school grounds or design and
make homes for insects e.g. a mini-beast hotel
or homes for bees. For downloadable resources
go to: www.rspb.org.uk/birdsatschool
Citizenship
Children could improve their school grounds for
wildlife, by putting in wildlife-friendly plants as
a source of food and shelter, creating a pond or
making homes or feeders for wildlife, as above.
If you would like further guidance on how to
develop your school grounds for wildlife you can
obtain a copy of our Discover Birds at School
booklet by e-mailing: [email protected]
Postcards, created by
children following their
visit to RSPB Geltsdale
RSPB projects and activities
Discover Birds at School
For fun ideas and downloadable resources that
will help you and your class make the most of your
school grounds and discover more birds go to:
www.rspb.org.uk/birdsatschool
Big Schools’ Birdwatch
Be part of the world’s biggest birdwatch. Run every
year in January and February, Big Schools’ Birdwatch
is a free activity for schools throughout the UK.
We provide all you need to take part, along with
free supporting resources to suit all ages. For more
information visit: www.rspb.org.uk/schoolswatch
Wildlife Action Awards
This award scheme for children helps them discover
wildlife and do practical things to help. It’s easy and
fun to do. To find out more, visit:
www.rspb.org.uk//learn
The Wildlife Action Awards booklet costs £3 and is
available by calling 01243 263619 or by e-mailing:
[email protected]
RSPB Wildlife Explorers school clubs
If you would like to set up a lunchtime or afterschool environment club we can supply everything
you need to get started. For further details contact
the RSPB Education Department on 01767 680551.
13
Habitat game
Wetlands are often destroyed when they
are drained to plant crops or keep livestock,
or to make way for new roads or houses.
Others are converted into recreational water
facilities, such as boating lakes. This game
demonstrates the importance of wetlands to
the wildlife that depends on them. It can be
played before, during or after your visit.
Suggested Outcomes
Students understand that:
•Creatures are adapted to live in particular types of habitat and need them to survive
•If a habitat is destroyed, the wildlife that depends on it will be lost
Group size
10 or more
Resources needed
Plastic hoops to represent the habitats. If you
want to play this game at the reserve, these
can be put in the Information Centre ready for
you to use.
Instructions
1. Place the hoops on the ground around
your playground or the garden of the
visitor centre. Make sure they are at least
5 metres apart.
2.Explain that each hoop represents a wetland habitat and that the children
are all birds which use that habitat eg. a
lapwing see photo on page 16
3. Whenever you say ‘fly’, the children all fly
to another wetland habitat on migration.
4. Do this a few times. Then remove one
of the hoops. Explain that this wetland
has been drained, eg to make way for a
housing development. Any child who can’t
fit into a hoop goes to bird heaven (a predesignated area), as there is only enough
food to support a certain number of birds
in any habitat. Keep playing and remove
other hoops until there is one left. If you
destroy the final wetland all the birds will
have died.
5. Have a follow-up discussion with the
group to see what they have learnt
from the game. Emphasize the need for
conserving wetlands and other habitats.
See if the children can think of any other
examples of habitats that have been
destroyed locally or around the world.
approximate Length of activity
15 minutes
Tips
•If you want to play the game at school you could use mats, sheets of material or rope to represent the habitats.
•You could also make picture cards of each of the birds. Images of curlew, lapwing and
snipe can be found on page 16. Redshank and other wetland birds can be downloaded from the RSPB website for use in school:
www.rspb.org.uk/wildlife/birdguide/name
14
Find your flock game
Bird-watching before or during your visit to
the reserve introduces your students to birdidentification, showing them how to recognise
different birds by their flight, plumage, beak
etc.. This game builds on that introduction, by
making students aware that, even when they
can’t see a bird, they may be able to identify
it if they can hear it. It also teaches them that
bird-calls are a ‘language’ used by birds to
communicate among themselves.
Suggested Outcomes
Students:
•Expand their knowledge of the birds on the RSPB Geltsdale Nature Reserve
Instructions
1. Make an equal number of copies of each
bird card, so that you have as many cards
in total as there are students in your group.
2. Explain to the children that all birds
have their own calls which they use to
communicate with each other.
3. Show them the card for each of the birds
that live on the RSPB Geltsdale Reserve.
Demonstrate each of the birds calls as
shown on the cards and ask the children to
repeat the call back to you.
•Learn that birds can be identified by their call
4. Test them by holding up different cards
until they can remember the call of each
bird.
• Understand that birds use different calls to communicate a variety of messages to each other
5.Randomly give one card, face down, to
each child, and ask them to keep the
identity of their bird secret.
Group size
6. On your signal, each student will make the
call of the bird on their card and they must
try to find all the birds making the same call
as themselves, and fly around together in a
‘flock.’
12 or more
Resources needed
‘Find Your Flock’ cards (see page 16)
7. Collect in the cards, mix them up, and
repeat steps 5 and 6.
approximate Length of activity
10 minutes
Tips
To listen to audio-recordings of bird-calls
before playing the game, go to
www.rspb.org.uk/wildlife/birdguide/name
and find the birds you want to hear in the
alphabetical index.
Birds use different calls to communicate
different things, so you may need to listen very
carefully for the call given on the game-card.
15
Curlew - ‘CURLEE’
Black Grouse - ‘PSHH-PSHH’
Snipe - ‘CHIPPA-CHIPPA’
Lapwing - ‘PEE-WIT’
16
Visitor Car Park
Stagsike Cottages
Stagsike Trail
Allow
1 - 2 hours (4.5 kms)
Fairly level, mostly on good tracks around
farmland and bottom of Bruthwaite
Woodland. Some muddy patches. Allow
for a break at Stagsike Cottages, and time
to enjoy the woodland edges between
Stagsike and Howgill
Bruthwiate Trail
Allow
2 - 3 hours (3 kms)
Steep and rough ground among the
newly planted woodland - add 1 hour to
Stagsike Trail
Moorland Trails
Allow 3 hours
Gairs viewpoint (8 kms)
Bruthwaite
viewpoint (4 kms)
Longer walks out to the moorland
Please do keep to trails and footpaths to
enjoy wildlife without causing disturbance
Reproduced from the digital Ordnance Survey map by permission of Ordnance Survey on
behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. ©Crown Copyright.
All rights reserved. RSPB license 10002178
17
18
19
RSPB Geltsdale Site Risk Assessment
20
21
This pack has been created by Julie Willenbruch, RSPB Community Outreach Officer,
funded by Natural England through Access to Nature,
as part of the Big Lottery Fund’s Changing Spaces programme.
Design and production by Visual Imprint Ltd.
Photos copyright of rspb-images.com Illustrations copyright Visual Imprint Ltd.
curlew
The RSPB speaks out for birds and wildlife, tackling the problems that threaten our environment.
Nature is amazing - help us keep it that way.
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) is a registered charity: England and Wales no. 207076, Scotland no. SC037654