Global Trade and International
Classifications
The future of international trade statistics
Responding to demands of policy makers for more information on
international trade and its relation to global value chains,
employment, environment and the interdependence of economies,
the participants of the Global Forum on Trade Statistics identify the
following points of improvement.
 Improve the relevance of international trade statistics by connecting
trade information and integrating it with its economic, social,
environmental and financial dimensions while minimizing the response
burden.
Improve the statistical production process by better defining and
organizing the co-operation among national stakeholders

Improve international classifications and correspondence tables relevant
for research on international trade and globalization, such as research on
trade in value added, on global value chains and on outsourcing of
business functions.

Global Business Strategies
Production Process
Import of intermediate processing services
Import of intermediate goods
Manufacturing Processes
Processing primary goods  processing intermediate goods
 producing final goods
Import of primary goods
Import of final goods processing services
Import of support business services
Support Business Functions
Distribution and Logistics; Marketing and Sale; ICT Services;
Research and Development; Legal and Administrative Services
Revision of the Classification by
Broad Economic Categories
(BEC)
28/07/2017
5
Global Value Chains
The Apple iPod, and Emblematic Case: Low Cost Assembly and Global
Sourcing
Designed in
Cupertino
Assembled in
China
Regional
production
systems are
nested within
global
production
systems
The iPhone example (Xing and Detert, 2010)
Components:
$10.75
JPN
$60.6
$22.96
Retail price:
$500.00
(Profit
margin: 64%)
USA
KOR
$30.15
CHN
Assembly:
$6.50
Apple sold 11.3
million iPhones
in the US
in 2009
GER
$48.04
ROW
iPhone: $179.00
2009 US trade
balance in iPhones
(mio USD)
Gross
Value added
CHN
JPN
KOR
GER
ROW
World
-1,901.2
0
0
0
0
-1,901.2
48.1
-684.8
-259.4
-340.7
-542.9
-1,901.2
OECD
7
Global sourcing and MNC affiliates
Market
End Use
Customers
Price
Modular
Relational
Lead
Firm
Lead
Firm
Full-package
Supplier
Captive
Lead
Firm
Hierarchy
Integrated
Firm
Relational
Turn-key
Suppliercountries
Supplier
Industrialized
Exports
Developing countries
Suppliers
Materials
Component
and Material
Suppliers
Component
and Material
Suppliers
Captive
Suppliers
Local MNC affiliates
Classification by Broad Economic Categories (Current version)
Basic classes of goods
in SNA
1 Food and beverages
11 Primary
111 Mainly for industry
112 Mainly for household consumption
12 – Processed
Intermediate
Consumption
121 Mainly for industry
122 Mainly for household consumption
2 Industrial supplies not elsewhere specified
Intermediate
Consumption
21 Primary
22 Processed
3 Fuels and lubricants
Intermediate
Intermediate
31 Primary
32 Processed
Intermediate
321 Motor spirit
322 Other
4 Capital goods (except transport equipment), and parts and accessories thereof
Not classified
Intermediate
41 Capital goods (except transport equipment)
42 Parts and accessories
5 - Transport equipment and parts and accessories thereof
Capital
Intermediate
51 Passenger motor cars
52 Other
521 Industrial
522 Non-industrial
53 Parts and accessories
6 Consumer goods not elsewhere specified
61 Durable
62 Semi-durable
63 Non-durable
7 - Goods not elsewhere specified
Not classified
Capital
Consumption
Intermediate
Consumption
Consumption
Consumption
Not classified
9
Classification by Broad Economic Categories (Proposed)
1 Food and beverages products
11 Primary
111 Mainly for industry
112 Mainly for household consumption
113 Multi-purpose goods
12 – Processed
121 Mainly for industry
122 Mainly for household consumption
123 Multi-purpose goods
13 – Services
131 Mainly for industry
132 Mainly for household consumption
133 Multi-purpose services
2 Energy products
21 Primary
211 Mainly for industry
212 Mainly for household consumption
213 Multi-purpose goods
22 – Processed
221 Mainly for industry
222 Mainly for household consumption
223 Multi-purpose goods
23 – Services
231 Mainly for industry
232 Mainly for household consumption
233 Multi-purpose services
3 – Transport products
31 Goods
311 Mainly for gross fixed capital formation
312 Mainly for industry
312a Generic
312b Customized
313 Mainly for household consumption
314 Multi-purpose goods
32 Services
321 Mainly for gross fixed capital formation
322 Mainly for industry
323 Mainly for household consumption
324 Multi-purpose services
Basic classes in SNA
Intermediate
Consumption
Not classified
Intermediate
Consumption
Not classified
Intermediate
Consumption
Not classified
Intermediate
Consumption
Not classified
Intermediate
Consumption
Not classified
Intermediate
Consumption
Not classified
Capital
Intermediate
Consumption
Not classified
Capital
Intermediate
Consumption
Not classified
10
Classification by Broad Economic Categories
Basic classes in SNA
4 – Electronic products
41 Goods
411 Mainly for gross fixed capital formation
412 Mainly for industry
412a Generic
Capital
Intermediate
412b Customized
413 Mainly for household consumption
414 Multi-purpose goods
42 Services
421
422
423
424
Mainly for gross fixed capital formation
Mainly for industry
Mainly for household consumption
Multi-purpose services
Consumption
Not classified
Capital
Intermediate
Consumption
Not classified
5 – Products not elsewhere classified
51 Goods
511 Mainly for gross fixed capital formation
512 Mainly for industry
512a Generic
Capital
Intermediate
512b Customized
513 Mainly for household consumption
514 Multi-purpose goods
52 Services
521
522
523
524
Mainly for gross fixed capital formation
Mainly for industry
Mainly for household consumption
Multi-purpose services
Consumption
Not classified
Capital
Intermediate
Consumption
Not classified
11
New Classification for
Business Functions
28/07/2017
12
A value chain describes the full range of activities that firms and workers carry out to bring a
product from its conception to its end use and beyond.
Global Production  International Sourcing
Peter Boegh Nielsen (Statistics Denmark)
Core business function
Production of final goods or services intended for the market
or third parties carried out by the enterprise and yielding
income. The core business function equals in most cases the
primary activity of the enterprise. It may also include other
(secondary) activities if the enterprise considers these to
comprise part of their core functions.
CPC classes
88
Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others
854 Packaging services
87
Maintenance, repair and installation (except construction)
services
89
Other manufacturing services; publishing, printing and
reproduction services; materials recovery services
15
Support business function
•
Distribution and Logistics
•
Marketing, sales and after sales services including help desks
and call centres
CPC classes
61
Wholesale trade services
62
Retail trade services
65
Freight transport services
671
Cargo handling services
672
Storage and warehousing services
6791
Freight transport agency services and other freight transport services
68
Postal and courier services
CPC classes
83114 Marketing management consulting services
836
Advertising services and provision of advertising space or time
837
Market research and public opinion polling services
83812 Advertising and related photography services
85931 Telephone call centre services
85962 Trade show assistance and organization services
•
Engineering and related technical services
CPC classes
833
Engineering services
8391
Specialty design services
16
Support business function
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Distribution and Logistics
Marketing and sales
After sales services including help desks and call centres
Engineering and related technical services
ICT services
Administrative and management functions
Research & Development
•
•
•
Procurement
Finance and Accounting
Facility Management
17
EBOPS 2010 to CPC, version 2.0
Correspondence Table
28/07/2017
18
International
Trade in service statistics
Service exports/imports
Statistics - BOP
Transactions between
residents and non-residents
28/07/2017
FATS statistics
Transactions
between residents
19
Services transactions between residents
and non-residents (BPM5)
1. Transportation
7. Computer and information
services
2. Travel
8. Royalties and license services
3. Communication services
9. Other business services
4. Construction services
5. Insurance services
10. Personal, cultural and
recreational services
6. Financial services
11. Government goods and services
20
Services transactions between residents
and non-residents (BPM6)
1. Manufacturing services on
physical inputs owned by
others
2. Maintenance and repair
services
3. Transportation
4. Travel
7. Financial services
8. Charges for the use of intellectual
property
9. Telecommunications, computer
and information services
10. Other business services
5. Construction
11. Personal, cultural and
recreational services
6. Insurance and pension
services
12. Government goods and services
21


Starting from the existing correspondence table
between EBOPS 2002 and CPC 1.0, the new
correspondence table was established and was
subsequently amended in accordance with the
text of Chapter 10 of BPM6 and Chapter 3 of
MSITS 2010.
References:
 MSITS
2010, Chapter 3, Section O
 BPM6, Chapter 10
 CPC, version 2.0 (see
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/cpc-2.asp )