WELCOME TO THE HIGHER MATHEMATICS CLASS
SHIPAN CHANDRA DEBNATH
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
&
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
CHITTAGONG CANTONMENT PUBLIC COLLEGE
[email protected]
Today`s Topics is
MATRIX
Chapter - 1
Exercise -1(A)
Book: Higher Mathematics
Axorpotra Publications
Learning Outcomes
After complete this chapter students can
1.Definition of Matrix
2. Explain Different Types of Matrices
Let us consider the following system of equations
X+2y+3z=11
2x-y-z=-3
3x+4y+2z=17
If we
arrange the coefficients of x,y,z in the order in
which they occur in the given equations and enclose
them in brackets. We get the following rectangular
array of numbers 1 2 3 
2  1  1 


3 4
2
Definition of Matrix: Matrix is a rectangular array of real
or complex numbers in rows and columns. It is denoted by
A,B,C etc.
Definition of Rows: The Horizontal Lines of a Matrix are
called Rows.
Definition of Columns: The Vertical Lines of a Matrix are
called Columns.
If there are m rows and n columns in the matrix, then the
matrix is called a mn matrix(m by n)
Order of a Matrix: The numbers of Rows and Columns is
called Order of a Matrix .
Different types of Matrices:
1.Square Matrix: A Matrix having equal number of rows
and columns is called a Square matrix. If the Matrix A has
n rows and n columns it is said to be a Square Matrix of
order n.
Example: 1 2 3  is a Square matrix of order 3.
2  1  1 


3 4
2
2.Horizontal Matrix: A matrix mn is called a Horizontal if
m<n
Example: A=
3
1 2
2  1  1 


3. Vertical Matrix: A matrix mn is called a Vertical if m>n
1 2
2  1
Example: A= 
3 4




4.Column Matrix : A Matrix having only one column is called
a column matrix.
1 
Example: A= 2

3 
5.Row Matrix:A Matrix having only one row is called a row
matrix.
Example : A=[1
2
3]
6.Zero Matrix : A Matrix whose all the entries are zero is called
zero Matrix or null matrix.
Example: 0= 0 0
0 0 


7. Diagonal Matrix : A square Matrix having all the entries not
occurring along the Principal diagonal equal to zero( at least 1
entry is non zero at principal diagonal) is called a diagonal Matrix.
 2 0 0
Example A=0 1 0


0 0 0 
 2 0 0
B= 0 1 0


0 0 3 
8.Scalar Matrix: A Square Matrix is said to be a Scalar Matrix if
all the Entries along the Principal diagonal are equal and all entries
not occurring along the Principal diagonal are zero.
2 0 0 
0 2 0 
Example A= 

0 0 2 
9.Identity Matrix: A Square Matrix is said to be a Identity Matrix
if all the Entries along the Principal diagonal are unity(1)and all
entries not occurring along the Principal diagonal are zero.
1 0 0
0 1 0 
Example I= 

0 0 1
EVALUATION
1. Tell me the Definition of Matrix
2. What is Square Matrix?
HOME WORK
Learn Different types Matrix
THANKS TO
ALL,
DEAR
STUDENT
Sir Issac Newton, Father of Calculus