Challenges and Opportunities in
the Indian Market
This presentation does not
constitute legal advice.
© 2012 ALPSP/Copyright
Clearance
Center
© 2012
ALPSP/CCC
Taj Mahal
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Overview
►
Introductions of speakers and participants
►
The Indian Market
►
Structure and progression of educational and government
institutions
►
Growing your institutional and consortia sales
►
BPO opportunities
►
OA publishing/publishing culture
►
Guidelines for negotiating partnerships in the region
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Jama Masjid
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Introductions
Kaufman Wills Fusting &
Company
►
Consulting and services for
scholarly publishers since
2000.
American Society for
Nutrition
►
Publishing timely, important
findings in basic, clinical, and
emerging nutrition science
research, the society journals
are the premier journals in the
field of nutrition.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Red Fort
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
The Indian market
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
India at-a-glance
►
Seventh largest country, comprised of 28 states and seven union territories
►
Diverse religious culture dates to 2800 BC
►
Annexed/administered by British East India Company from early 1700’s – mid 1800’s
►
1947 – Ghandi leads India to independence after non-violent struggle
►
At the end of its rule, Britain separated India into India & Pakistan, along a border defined by
predominant religions
►
Caste system is still de facto influence although various social and affirmative action policies in place
to prevent discrimination based on caste
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Languages
Language
Assamese/Axomiya
Bengali
Gujarati
Standard Hindi
Kannada
Maithili
Malayalam
Marathi
Oriya
Punjabi
Tamil
Telugu
Urdu
Speakers
(millions)
13
83
46
258-422
38
32
33
72
33
29
61
74
52
Use of official languages of India, with more
than 10 million speakers, according to 2011
census data.
► Hindi
 Official language
► English
 Secondary official
language
 Language of commerce
► Each
state can specify
its own official language
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Population
►
Population = 1.2 billion
 1.4 billion by 2026
 1.6 billion by 2050
►
Second most populous nation
 17.5% of world population
 Expected to surpass China by 2025
►
32% of population in urban areas
 Mumbai is most populous city: 16 million people
 New Delhi: 13 million
 Kolkata: 13 million
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Youth support aging population
via David Myers, DMedia, June 2012
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Government
►
“Largest democracy”
►
Three branches of government
 Federal constitutional Republic
under a parliamentary system
 Executive
 Elected president (with limited
powers) appoints the Indian
Prime Minister
 Judicial
• Dr. Manmohan Singh
 Legislative
►
Three major political parties:
 Indian National Congress
(currently in power)
 Bharatya Janatta Party (BJP)
 Communist Party of IndiaMarxist
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Economy
►
China's economy 2nd largest in world, after US
 Many predict that China’s economy will overtake US
economy in as few as 4 or 5 years from now
►
India is 9th largest economy by GDP
 By 2050, India’s GDP is projected to surpass that of the US
and Japan and be second only to China
 One of fastest-growing economies
• Since economic reforms of 1991, foreign trade has increased from 14% GDP to
43% GDP
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Growth in GDP, 2001-2010
India
US
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
GDP growth rate
India
US
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
GDP per
capita,
1960-2013
World Bank, www.databank.worldbank.org, 18 June 2012
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
GDP by sector
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Global R&D investment
►
Global R&D investment rose to $1.1 trillion in 2007
 2000-2011
• R&D nearly doubled
• Publications up by third
– Primarily from emerging economies
►
2.5% of GDP in R&D
 China
 India
 Brazil
 South Korea
►
Flat or declining GDP in R&D
 US
» Pentagon report, January 2012 (www.indianexpress.com/news/india-china-bt-uson-r&d-growth-rate/912917/0)
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Research expenditures
►
India’s average annual R&D growth rate outpaced US, Europe, and
Japan from 1996-2007
 From 2010-2011, India’s investment in R&D grew 11% (v 16% China)
 In 2011, India pledged to double scientific R&D expenditures from 1% to
2% of GDP
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Indian R&D investment
►
Government dominates R&D
 68%
►
Business enterprise R&D
• 14% to 22%: 1990-2000
• 22% to 30%: 2000-2008
 Concentrations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Biotechnology
Pharmaceuticals and chemicals
Telecommunications
Electrical and electronics equipment
Textiles
Transportation
Metallurgical industries
» Asia Research Institute, Singapore,
www.ari.nus.edu.sg/docs/wps/wps09_121.pdf
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Government agencies responsible
for funding research
Aeronautical Research Development Board (ARDB)
Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)
Department of Science & Technology (DST)
Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO)
Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD)
Ministry of Information Technology (MIT)
Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES)
Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA)
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Corporate research
►
►
While companies in Europe and
the US have decreased R&D
spending, companies in several
Asian countries have continued
to increase their investment
China and India have seen
increased R&D from foreign
investment
 As of last March, 2011 R&D
investment in India totaled $11.6
billion compared with $9 billion
R&D investment in China
Country
Global
China
India
Hong Kong
South Korea
Taiwan
Change
in corporate
R&D
investment
2008-2009
(2%)
40%
27%
15%
9%
3%
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
10 leading Indian companies
1.
Reliance Industries Limited (RIL)
2.
State Bank of India (SBI)
3.
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)
4.
Steel Authority of India (SAIL)
5.
Reliance Communications
6.
Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T)
7.
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL)
8.
Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited (BHEL)
9.
Housing Development Finance Corporation Ltd. (HDFC)
10.
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
» Forbes Global 2000 in the year 2009
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
STM publishing market size
Outsell’s Information Industry Database via Charlesworth, GPPL (Globe)
subscription and sales agent, India
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Subscriber universe
►
Until recently, all research institutions and universities in India
shared print only subscriptions to only 2,500 of 50,000 journals
 Typical university subscribes to <200 journals
 Many smaller colleges/institutions subscribe to <100 journals
 Most colleges, including those with advanced degree programs,
lack the resources for any international journal subscriptions
►
India’s fast-growing economy makes it a strong opportunity for
publishers looking to increase sales
 Current market for academic journals estimated at $175 million
 ~$70 million (40%) is allocated to electronic journals
 Remaining 60% allocated to print + online/print only subscriptions
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Subscriber universe (continued)
Factors improving access
to international journals
Factors impeding access
to journals
►
Increased funding for higher
education
►
Most universities do not have
good access to journals
►
New institutions
►
Rising subscription rates
►
Open Access
►
Proliferation of the scientific
literature
►
Constrained serials budgets
 >130 OA journals
• 94 by 6 major publishers
 Two major US publishers have
established relationships with
Indian OA publishers
• Sage
• Wolters Kluwer
►
Emerging consortia
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Science and engineering articles
Science and Engineering Indicators: 2012 Digest l Arlington, VA (NSB 12-02) l January
2012, www.nsf.gov/statistics/digest12/outputs.cfm#1
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Engineering articles
Science and Engineering Indicators: 2012 Digest l Arlington, VA (NSB 12-02) l
January 2012, www.nsf.gov/statistics/digest12/outputs.cfm#2
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Science and engineering articles
Region
World
United States
European Union
Japan
China
India
Brazil
1995
564,644
193,337
195,897
47,068
9,061
9,370
3,436
2009 Change
788,347
40%
208,601
8%
248,656
27%
49,627
5%
74,019 717%
19,917 113%
12,306 258%
National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics,
and The Patent BoardTM, special tabulations (2011) from Thomson Reuters, SCI and
SSCI, http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Research papers published from India
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Growth of science and technical
professionals
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Second Joint Commission Meeting on Science
and Technology Cooperation, 11 June 2012
►
Thirty-Meter Telescope (TMT) Project
 India committed more than $100 million to the California Institute of Technology
(Caltech)-led consortium.
►
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fermilab Project X
 DOE and India’s Department of Atomic Energy signed an agreement for India’s
participation in research, development and construction of next-generation, highintensity superconducting radio frequency proton accelerator.
 Resulting facility will be used by U.S. and Indian scientists for research in particle
physics and other related fields.
►
The Indo-U.S. Science & Technology Forum
 Over the past ten years the IUSSTF has facilitated travel of more than 11,000
scientists between the United States and India, established 24 virtual joint research
centers and organized more than 30 training programs and 150 bilateral
conferences.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Use of mobile phones
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Smartphone market
►
Global smartphone market up 61% in 2011
 491M units in 2011 (up from 305M in 2010
►
Smartphone growth even higher India
 100% growth in 2012
 20 million units
•
“India Smartphone Outlook for 2012” Convergence Catalyst
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
OS share in India
Vendor share in India
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
$30 tablets
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
India enters global e-reader market with Adam
►
Notion Ink
►
$325
►
Android OS
►
Supports Flash
►
Touch screen
 Color mode to B&W e-ink
►
“Days” of battery life
 25 days of music
 16 hours of Internet browsing
 8 hours of high definition video
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
University of Delhi
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
India’s Education System
Evolution of Higher Education in India
►
An age-old tradition in higher education: as early as 800 A.D,
Indian universities were renowned seats of higher learning,
attracting students from far and wide including countries such
as Korea, China, Burma, Ceylon, Tibet and Nepal
►
During British rule, the goal of higher education was not
sustainable development but rather European-style education.
 The first three universities were set up in the presidency towns of
Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras in 1857. It took another 30 years to
set up the fourth university at Allahabad in 1887 and yet another
29 years to establish the fifth and sixth universities at Mysore and
Benaras in 1916. These universities were established on the
pattern of the University of London. Post-graduate teaching and
research departments began to be established at the university
level around 1920
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Evolution of Higher Education in
India
►
By 1947: an additional 18 universities had been
established.
►
At the time of Independence: 27 universities serving
174,000 students. By 2006 there were 348 universities,
more than 17,625 colleges and 10.5 m students
►
Today India has
 >500 universities
 >25,000 colleges
 >7,000 technical institutes
 >13 million students
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Higher Education System in India
►
Primary and Secondary education controlled at the state level

95% of school-aged children attend primary school, only 40% attend secondary

Central government programs aim to raise standards across states, which many believe is why
India’s literacy rate has increased from 65% in 2001 to 74% in 2011
►
►
Higher education policy is set by India’s central government

The central government establishes/funds central universities

State governments establish/ provide grants to state universities

Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) coordinates education issues between the Union
and the States

University Grants Commission (UGC) releases Central Government grants to institutions and
also makes determination of institutions to be Deemed Universities
The Government plans to increase higher education spending from .5% to
1.5% GDP over the next 5 years
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Higher Education System in India
Secondary
Education
Elementary
Education
Higher Education
General
Major Fields of
Study
Science
Commerce Arts
Professional
Engineering
Medicine
Agriculture
Tertiary Education
Vocational Education &
Training
Traditional
ITI/ITC/Polytechnic
IT/Computer Training
New and
emerging
Travel/Tourism
Aviation
Hospitality Retail
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Higher Education Focus
►
5 dozen new scholarly institutions planned
►
At close of 2010, 34% of instructor positions at India’s
higher ed. Institutions were vacant. New program aims to
eliminate faculty shortage by training them at U.S.
institutions
►
Roughly 13 m students enrolled in higher education from
2007-2008; 16% are classified as studying science
►
Only 8% of India’s population has earned a masters or
doctoral degree
►
There is little incentive to earn a PhD
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Institutions of Higher Education
Type
Number
Universities
>500
Example
Central
44
University of Delhi
State
285
University of Mumbai
Deemed
130
Indian Institute of Science
Private
112
Open
14
Technical Institutes
>7,000
Autonomous
Organizations/Institutes
100
Colleges
>25,000
Professional Institutes
>400
Medical
335
Agricultural Institutes
54
Indira Gandhi National Open University
IIT, NIT, IISERs, NISER, IIM
All India Institute of Medical Science
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
University of Delhi
One of 6 Central Universities in Delhi
►
A Central University is
established by an Act of
Parliament
►
Universities are accredited
by the University Grants
Commission (UGC)
►
In addition, 15 Professional
Councils control different
aspects of accreditation
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Indian Institutes of Technology
(IITs)
IIT Bombay
►
Autonomous engineering
and technology-oriented
institutes of higher
education.
►
“Institutions of national
importance”: special
recognition and funding
►
Very selective entrance
exam
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Open Universities
Distance Education
System
►
Allows wider access to higher
education to larger segments of the
population
►
System is flexible and open with
respect to methods/pace of learning,
eligibility for enrollment, age of entry,
method of evaluation, etc
►
Integrated multimedia instructional
strategy: print, audio-visual, radio, TV,
teleconference, video conferencing,
face-to-face sessions
►
Grants Diploma, Masters, Ph.D
“The People’s University” :
Indira Gandhi National
Open University (IGNOU)
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
2012 Higher Education Costs
Tuition and Housing Costs
per year:
Central University: $200
IIT: $1600
State University: $400
To finance higher education
expansion , the government
has consistently increased
its share of total
expenditures on higher
education from 49% in 1950
to >90% in 1999
University of Mumbai
(State University)
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Role of the Private Sector in Higher
Education
Percentage of unaided
private institutions
70.0%
Percentage of students in
unaided private institutions
70.0%
63.2%
60.0%
60.0%
51.5%
50.0%
50.0%
42.6%
40.0%
40.0%
32.9%
30.0%
30.0%
20.0%
20.0%
10.0%
10.0%
0.0%
2001
2006
0.0%
2001
2006
-10.0%
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Role of the Private Sector in Higher Education
100
5
9
90
36
80
38
50
70
60
50
Percentage
The private sector
has the dominant
share of
professional
courses in
disciplines such as
Engineering and
Management
95
Public
91
Private
40
30
64
62
50
20
10
0
Pharmacy EngineeringManagement
Computer Applications
Medicine (MBBS)
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
India’s public expenditure on higher education is
extremely low when assessed on a per student basis
Public expenditure as
percentage of GDP
Public expenditure per
student (USD)
1.80%
16,000
1.60%
1.60%
13,759
14,000
1.40%
1.40%
12,000
1.20%
10,836
10,616
10,060
10,000
1.00%
1.00%
0.90%
8,000
0.80% 0.80%
0.80%
0.60%
0.60%
6,000
0.60%
0.40%
4,000
0.20%
2,000
0.00%
0
2,977
2,728
1,863
1,162
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Growth of Higher Education Institutions
in India
All-India Growth of Institutions, Enrollment and Teaching Faculty at Higher
Education Level, 1950-51 to 2004-05
Universities
Colleges
Enrollment
Teachers@ (‘000)
1950-51
28
578
174,000
24,000
1960-61
45
1,819
557,000
62,000
1970-71
93
3,227
1,956,000
190,000
1980-81
123
4,738
2,752,000
244,000
1990-91
184
5,748
4,925,000
271,000
2000-2001
266
11146
8,399,000
395,000
2004-05 *
348
17,625
10,481,000
471,000
Year
*estimated
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Growth of Higher Education Institutions
in India
►
From 2007 to 2011, new higher educational institutions were
established all across India
• 30 new Central Universities
• 14 new World Class State Universities
• 8 new Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs)
• 9 new National Institute of Technology (NITs)
• 5 new Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISERs)
• 20 new Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs)
• 7 new Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs)
• 370 new Degree Colleges
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Enrollment
Capacity
India needs… at least
3,000 more
universities each
having the capacity to
enroll 10,000 students
to meet the growing
demand (Bhargava
2006)
GER needs to
increase from 12% to
20% (Agrawal 2006)
►
The Indian higher education system
is the largest in the world in terms of
the number of institutions (21,000)
►
However, the average size of an
Indian higher education institution in
terms of enrolment is much smaller
(500-600) compared to that of Europe
and US (3,000-4,000) and China
(8,000-9,000)
GER: Indicator of Access to Education
90
84
77
80
Gross Enrollment Ratio
82
75
71
71
70
60
53
53
50
40
30
25
23
20
16
20
11
10
11
10
6
5
12
11
8
3
1
0
0
0
1980
1990
2000
USA
Brazil
Russia
2005
India
2007
China
GER Word Average in 2007 = 12%
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Growth in Enrollment in India Higher
Education
30
25.35
Enrollment (million)
25
20.6
20
17.76
17.71
14.76
15
13.54
12.85
11.57
11
9.4
10
9.37
9
7.36
5.7
5
5.2 4.78
3.93
3.28
1.41
1.04
4.57
2.78
1.6
0
0
0
1980
1990
2000
USA
Brazil
Russia
2005
India
2007
China
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Regulatory Framework Governing
Higher Education in India
Central Government
State Government
MHRD and multiple other
ministries
Accreditation
bodies –
NAAC, NBA
Regulatory
councils/professional
councils (e.g. UGC, AICTE)
Departments/Councils
of Higher/Technical
Education
Higher Education Institutions
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Statutory and Professional Bodies
University Grants Commission (UGC)
All India Council for Technical Education
(AICTE)
Distance Education Council (DEC)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(ICAR)
Medical Council of India (MCI)
Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)
Indian Nursing Council (INC)
Bar Council of India (BCI)
Council of Architecture (CoA)
Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH)
Central Council for Indian Medicine
(CCIM)
National Council for Teacher Education
(NCTE)
Dental Council of India (DCI)
Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI)
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Government Ministries Regulating and
Funding Higher Education in India
Ministry
Role
Selected Departments
Ministry of Human
Resource Development
Nodal authority for higher
education policy
Department of Higher
Education
Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare
Health policy and all policy related
to family planning
Dept of Health and Family
Welfare; MCI
Ministry of Science and
Technology
Policy and regulations relating to
science and technology
DST and DBT
Ministry of Defense
Defense and security
Department of Defense,
DRDO, ADA , ARDB
Ministry of Agriculture
Regulation, development of
agricultural resources
DARE
Ministry of Information Technology
Department of Atomic
Energy
Nuclear technology, including
nuclear power and research
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
11 other Ministries and Departments
Independent Department,
under Prime Minister
Autonomous body
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Government of India
Ministry of Human
Resource Development
includes the Department
of Higher Education
which regulates most
institutions of higher
education and sets
educational policy.
The University Grants
Commission (UGC)
assures quality standards
in higher education
Monitors infrastructure and
quality of teaching and
provides grant funding
Agricultural Universities
and Medical Colleges are
regulated by other
Ministries
Legislative
Executive
Judiciary
Rajya
Sabha (250
seats)
President
Supreme
Court
Lok Sabha
(545 seats)
Pratibha Patil
Vice
President
Prime
Minister
Manmohan
Singh
Cabinet
Ministries
(50)
High Courts
District
Courts
Trends and Challenges in Education
Trends
Challenges
►
Rising growth of private
universities
►
►
Government initiatives to
increase financial
contribution of
students/parents to
educational cost
Low access to higher
education (12%) despite one of
the largest systems in the
world
►
Uneven quality of education
programs
►
Government policy favoring
primary/secondary education
►
Low level of funding as % of
GDP and as amount per
student
►
Growth of foreign
universities in India
►
Use of e-learning methods
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Trends and Challenges in Education
Trends
Challenges
►
►
India has a low base of
researchers and the academic
sector contributes less than a
seventh of the total number of
researchers
►
In terms of research papers,
India lags behind in terms of
number and quality
►
Large vacant faculty positions
(34%) and poorly qualified
faculty also dilute the quality of
research done at higher
education institutes
►
State governments have
historically been a larger
source of public funding for
higher education, but the
balance has been shifting
towards the central
government in recent years.
Majority of the funding by the
government is directed
towards maintenance of
institutes and to support
operations, rather than on
capacity expansion
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Trends and Challenges in Education
Trends
Challenges
►
Tuition fees at higher
education institutions
continues to be low,
especially at public
institutes
►
►
India does not have a
robust scholarship and
student loan schemes which
can make higher education
accessible at a more
aligned tuition fee structure
Inequalities in access to
education across states
and union territories. Ex:
West Bengal has only 5
higher education
institutions per 100,000
(lakh); Pondicherry has
around 27 (2003-2004
figures); all India average
is 12.17
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Library Consortia in India
Academic
Library Funding
Non-Plan Budget: Annual for recurring expenses;
library books & journals spending
Plan Budget (Related to GoI 5-Year Plan )
11th Plan – 2007- 2012 (Apr-March)
 Directed funding
 Funding infrastructure & development plans
 Consortia funding for Libraries
Indian Prime Minster termed 11th plan as India’s
“education plan”. Allocation for education is close to
6% of GDP
► 5 times increase in higher education funding over
previous plan
► Goal in R&D spending was increased from <1%
to 2% GDP
►
Consortia
►
Consortia-purchased subscriptions, at over $50 million
annually, account for nearly half of India’s library eresource expenditures.
►
Prior to forming consortia, access to e-journals was
limited to a small number of research institutions and
central universities. Primarily serving higher education
and R&D institutions.
►
There are 10 major consortia purchasing electronic
content in science and technology, including medical, life
sciences, biotechnology. In addition, there are many
other regional and specialized consortia.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Consortia
►
INDEST-AICTE and UGC-INFONET Digital Library
Consortiums are considering extending access to all
public and private colleges under the National Library and
Information Services Infrastructure (N-LIST)
►
Libraries/institutions have established new departments
to operate and manage consortia needs
►
Licensing system has evolved: institutions understand
and generally accept licensing terms and concepts
►
Psychology of owning is in decline, but at a slow pace
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Consortia Size
e-Journal Consortia Size
(Number of Member Institutions)
Number of Institutions, Log Scale
10000
1000
100
10
1
NLIST
Series1
2908
INDESTAICTE
1235
UGCInfonet
161
CeRA
ERMED
142
72
NKRDCSIR-DST
65
DESIDOC
(DRDO)
60
DAE
DeLCON
FORSA
36
33
11
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
INDEST-AICTE Consortium
►
Indian National Digital Library in Engineering Science & Technology –
All India Council for Technical Education
 “The most ambitious initiative taken so far in the country” (INDESTAICTE website, http://paniit.iitd.ac.in/indest/)
 Funding source: Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD)
 Subject areas covered: applied and basic sciences, engineering,
mathematics (non medical)
 Holdings: subscribes to over 12,000 e-journals; serving ~100,000
users
 Members: 48 core members (IITs, tech insts); 60 AICTE-supported
members (engineering colleges); plus>1100 self-supported members
 National Coordinator: Prof. B.D. Gupta , Central Library, Indian
Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas , New Delhi - 110 016
E-mail: [email protected]
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
UGC-INFONET
►
University Grants Commission – INFONET
 Funding source: UGC
 Subject areas covered: covers a broad spectrum as it has universities
as members: basic and life sciences, management, social sciences,
others (non medical)
 Holdings: more than 4,500 e-journals/databases
 Members: All universities under the purview of the UGC have been
provided the UGC-INFONET connectivity and access to scholarly ejournals and databases; 161 universities; 600,000 users. Plans to
extend to affiliated colleges and private universities and other
institutions.
 Coordinating agency: INFLIBNET (Information and Library Network,
part of UGC)
 Coordinator: Prof Ajit Kembhavi, Chairman, National Steering
Committee , UGC-Infonet and Director, Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics (IUCAA); Email: [email protected]
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
CeRA
►
Consortium on e-Resources in Agriculture
 Objective is to develop information resource base of the National
Agricultural Research System (NARS)
 Funding source: (NAIP) National Agricultural Innovation Project
and ICAR
 Subjects covered: agriculture, fisheries, animal science,
horticulture, veterinary science
 Holdings: provides access to 1500 online journals, books and
databases
 Members: 142 institutions of the Indian Council of Agriculture
(ICAR). Serving about 10,000 users
 Contact: Dr. H. Chandrasekharan; Chair, CeRA; email:
[email protected]
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
ERMED
►
Electronic Resources in Medicine
 Launched by Director General of Health Services (DGHS)
and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW)
 Coordinated through National Medical Library (NML)
 Members: 72 government medical colleges and institutes
 Subjects covered: medicine
 Holdings: over 1600 medical journals
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
NKRC (CSIR-DST)
►
National Knowledge Resource Consortium, originally
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)Department of Science and Technology (DST) consortium
 Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology
 Subject areas: science and technology
 Members: 40 CSIR and 24 DST institutes. Serving ~ 10,000
users
 Coordinating agency: National Institute of Science
Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR).
 Coordinator : Dr. G Mahesh, NISCAIR, New Delhi, email:
[email protected]; [email protected]
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
DESIDOC (DRDO)
►
Defense Scientific Information and Documentation Centre
(DESIDOC) is a division of the Defense Research and
Development Organization (DRDO)
 Funding: DRDO, Ministry of Defense (MoD)
 Subjects covered: Applied sciences, basic and life sciences,
science and technology (non medical)
 Holdings: ~550 journals
 Members: over 50 DRDO labs; serving ~ 7,000 users
 Coordinator: E-Journal Consortium Group, DESIDOC
Email: [email protected]
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
DAE Consortium
►
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) Consortium
 Funded by DAE and UGC
 Administered by BARC, Mumbai
 Subjects covered: physical science, chemistry, life sciences
and engineering sciences
 Holdings: around 2,000 e-journals
 Members: 36 institutions including BARC, TIFR, and
SAMEER
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
NLIST
►
National Library and Information Services Infrastructure for
Scholarly Content (N-LIST)
 Jointly administered by the UGC-INFONET Digital Library
Consortium, INFLIBNET Centre and the INDEST-AICTE
Consortium, IIT Delh.
 It provides for: (1) cross-subscription to e-resources subscribed by
the two Consortia, i.e. subscription to INDEST-AICTE resources
for universities and UGCINFONET resources for technical
institutions; and (2) access to selected e-resources to 6,000
colleges. (government funded, government aided, )
 Subjects covered: all subjects
 Holdings: provides access to more than 3,000 e-journals and
75,000 e-books
 Members: 2921 colleges have registered with the NLIST program
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
DeLCON Consortium
►
DBT-e-Library Consortium (DeLCON)
 Funding: Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of
Science and Technology
 Subjects covered: Biomedical sciences, biotechnology,
bioinformatics
 Holdings: 920 journals plus SCOPUS db; serving about
2,000 users
 Members: 33 [14 DBT and 18 North Eastern Region (NER)
inst, plus ICGEB, the Biotechnology Industry Research
Assistance Programme (BIRAP)]
 Coordinator: D.D. Lal, DeLCON Administrator,
[email protected]
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
FORSA Consortium
►
Forum for Resource Sharing in Astronomy and
Astrophysics.
 Established in the 1981 by librarians working in Institutes
where astronomy was the main thrust of research programs.
 Funding: shared budget model
 Subjects covered: astronomy, physics, photonics,
nanotechnology
 Holdings: publications of 4 major publishers (Springer,
Nature, Kluwer, Scientific American)
 Members: 11 institutes
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Regional Medical Consortia and Other
Consortia
Members/
Users
Organizing Group/Funding Agency
Content /Focus
HELINET est
2003
>650 affil. Inst in
state of
Kamataka
Rajiv Gandhi Inst of Health Sciences
(RGUHS)
Medical, Allied
Health
NTR MEDNET
316 medical
colleges
Regional/Andhra Pradesh
Medical/
Health
BFUHS HSLIBNET
136 affiliated
colleges/
30,000 users
Baba Farid University of Heath
Sciences - Health Sciences Library
Network
Health Sciences
DMER
42 affiliated
institutions
Directorate of Medical Education and
Research, Maharashta State
Medical/Health
Consortium
Regional:
Other library consortia: IIM (Institutes of Management), TIFR, ISI Library
Consortia Deal, STI Network, JCCC&VIC, MCIT Library Consortium
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Consortia Resources
Consortia Annual Spend on e-Resources
25
Million US $
20
15
10
5
0
INDEST-AICTE
UGC-Infonet
CeRA
NKRD-CSIR-DST DESIDOC (DRDO)
DeLCON
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Major Consortia:
Annual Spends and Discounts Expected
Consortium
Discount Expected
Annual Spend
NKRC (CSIR-DST)
NA
Rs 600 m($11.4 mil)
INDEST-AICTE
80%
Rs 600 m($11.4 mil )
UGC-INFONET 2.0
80-90%
Rs 2100 m ($22.8 mil)
DRDO
NA
Rs 200 m($3.8 mil)
CeRA
NA
Rs 100 m ($1.9 mil)
DeLCON
80-85%
Rs 80 m($1.5 mil)
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Future Trends
►
►
Greater purchasing via consortia


Society publishers entering arena late
Acquisition of Indian journals by
commercial publishers
Publishers are opening local offices
Large and small scale
marketing/publicity events
National and international appeal


Indian authors publishing more in
foreign journals
Librarians interested in having more
Indian material in their holdings
Shift to value-based pricing
models


Market strength of big publishers


►
►
Value determined by usage
Librarian demands
•

Contract issues
•
•
•
•
•
►
Competitive, fair, transparent
Pricing structure
Archival issues
Fair use
Transparency
Governing laws
Market potential:

Users increasing; funding
increasing; economy growing;
government is aware of the need
invest in education and research
to grow the economy
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Lessons Learned
►
From experience selling to consortia
►
From sales agents in India
►
From consortia leaders:
 Mr. Prakash Chand, former Coordinator for the CSIR-DSR
consortium.
 Dr. Jagdish Arora, former Director, INFLIBNET Centre, and Chair,
DeLCON Committee
 Dr.H. Chandrasekharan, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, CeRA
consortium
 Mr. D.D. Lai. DeLCON consortium coordinator. [email protected];
[email protected]
►
From librarians at the University of Delhi.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Lesson: Market Discounts
►
Deeper discounts are required in India than in North
America and Europe
 Agent 1: Expect 20% to 80% discounts in India
 Agent 2: Expect 30% to 50% discounts in India
►
Large publishers often provide the deepest discounts due
to economies of scale
►
Indian consortia understand that smaller, subject focused
societies and publishers are not in a position to offer such
high discounts
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Lesson: Basis for Purchasing
Decisions
►
Relevance to journal content to program(s) at member
institutions members
►
Quality of publication as assessed by faculty; Impact Factor
could be part of this
►
Interest of users as measured by usage data (trials used to
assess this)
►
Funding available and funding model
Overall there is adequate funding for e-journal purchases
(>$50 M spend), according to consortia representatives
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Pricing and
Purchasing
Models
NKRC
Consortium
Ms. Nishy
►
The purchase of print copies should be optional
and there should be no need to maintain
current print holdings; eliminate “no print
cancellation” clauses
►
The base price should be no more than 80% of
the price for print + online.
►
Consortium should have a choice of taking all
content or only selected titles; in either case a
discounted package price should be offered
►
Offers should include: PPV options to purchase
blocks of content
►
Publishers should curtail practice of
repackaging content in ways that require
libraries to pay for the same content multiple
times.
►
Consortia wish to achieve greater value by
purchasing titles that receive actual use and
discontinuing low-use titles
Scientist and
Coordinator
NKRC, NISCAIR
Criteria for Selection of Publisher
Proposal
►
DeLCON, selections based on:
 Usage and suitability of e-resources to programs at
institutions
 Nodal Officer’s feedback
 Recommendations from 3-5 DBT institutions
 Recommendation of DeLCON Expert Committee
 Pricing of publisher offer and funds available to consortium
 Terms and conditions, esp with respect to perpetual access
and back volumes access
 Pricing requirement: Will not agree to pricing that is based
on a FTE model and expects 80-85% discount
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC

Lesson:
Challenges
Challenges:
 Preference for multi-title collections: give them more
content for their holdings with fewer negotiations
 Will purchase “core”, high-impact journals from small publishers
 Small publishers can align with other publishers to form multi-title collections
(ISPG/ALPSP LJC)
 Although society publishers are at a disadvantage due to size and late entry relative
to large, commercial publishers, there is an awareness and appreciation of the value
of society journals.
 Need for a local presence: negotiations require local, faceto-face meetings and knowledge of decision process and
timeline. Tender bidding process.
 Regional differences affect nature, timing, length of
negotiations
 Late Payments
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
 Challenges (continued):
Lesson:
Challenges
Pricing model differences: models and expectations
differ from consortium to consortium
 New business, renewals, discounts
Communication with agents and market intelligence:
can be difficult to maintain strong lines of
communication with agents in the field; difficult to obtain
critical information on consortia (decision timeline;
funding levels, consortium leadership/selection
committee)
Limited staff time and financial resources
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Tips for Selling
1. Set Goals
 Maintain and protect current holdings
 Expand access and usage
 Increase revenue
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Tips
Selling
2. Workfor
with agents/sales
representatives: establish
representation agreements with agents; rely on agents
for sales and market intelligence. A few agents who
represent journal publisher in India:





PCG/Publishing Technology: http://www.pcgplus.com/
EMpact/EBSCO: http://www.empactsales.com/
Swets/Accucoms: http://www.accucoms.com/
Globe: http://www.globepub.com/default3.asp
iGroup: http://www.igroupnet.com/?page_id=264
3. Do your own research using the internet and tools
such as the Consortium Directory Online
(http://www.ringgold.com/pages/cdo.html)
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Tips for Selling
4. Support the work of agents by establishing
relationships with members and organizations in region;
implement programs to increase usage and awareness
of journals. Offer free trials.
5. Allocate staff time and financial resources (over and
above commissions/retainers paid to agents) to support
consortia sales program.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Tips for Selling
6. Pay attention to usage statistics: the demand and
relevance of a journal will be gauged by usage data: make
sure you include activities in your marketing plan to increase
awareness and usage of journals in developing markets.
7. Meet with consortia leadership, librarians,
academicians, researchers in region when/if possible
6.


Tours arranged by agents, others: Charlesworth, KWF, Swets, iGroup
Publisher-arranged visits: coordinate with sister societies, agents, members,
and vendors to develop itinerary to support your objectives
At your own annual meeting, meet with members from developing countries
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Tips for Selling
8. Importance of single-site subscriptions: don’t neglect
efforts to expand/maintain single-site institutional sales;
these can facilitate consortia sales .
9. Be flexible: consider policy modifications to accommodate
needs of consortium. Ex: dark archives; no print cancellation
clauses.
10. Be realistic and
patient: focus on
regions/consortia with
the most potential,
recognize consortium
budget constraints;
give relationships
time to develop.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
BPO opportunities
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Size of Indian BPO industry
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Types of BPOs
Traditional
Newer
►
►
Composition
►
Graphics production
►
SGML/XML
►
Copyediting
►
Proofreading
Managing Editor
 Manuscript submission
 Finding reviewers
 “Chasing”
 Customer service
►
Developmental editing
►
Customer service
►
Editorial offices
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
BPO, from easier to more complex
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Outsourcing benefits in brief
►
Process improvement due to supplier’s expertise and
technology
►
Potential to reduce costs due to economies of scale
►
Increased flexibility to reassign/refocus in-house
staff/resources
►
Many offshore firms offering equivalent/superior service
and skills compared to domestic firms
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Overcoming potential pitfalls
►
Language barriers
 Assess partner proficiency beforehand; use simple, clear terminology
when communicating.
►
Time zone differences
 Consider a partner with onshore account management or 24-hour
availability.
►
Currency fluctuations
 Agree on method of payment; if a foreign currency, budget for potential
exchange rate changes.
►
Local holidays
 Obtain holiday list beforehand and negotiate increased availability if
necessary.
►
Political instability
 Choose regions with well established government and educational
institutions.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Identifying and evaluating BPO
organizations
►
Identified and recommended potential service providers in Asia
through industry networking, Web research, and meetings with
exhibitors at International Book Fair.
►
Captured relevant information on each service provider including
company description, services provided, industries and clients served,
reputation in the market, numbers of and locations of offices in Asia.
►
Prioritized service providers and recommend which prospects should
receive the RFP, and which could be contacted for networking
purposes.
►
Reported on the Asian marketplace country by country to determine
which markets were most suitable to meeting needs.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Top selection criteria
Gartner, 2011 (http://invensis.net/blog/bpo-insights/bposervice-providers-selection-criteria)
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Top 10 tips for successful outsourcing
1.
Choose Your Process Carefully: Don’t
outsource a core competency or a
process that is currently broken.
6.
Meet face to face: Important for
domestic outsourcers but crucial when
working overseas.
2.
Look beyond cost: While cost savings
are likely, the ideal situation is a
strategic partnership to innovate and
transform the process.
7.
Double the QC: At least initially, pad
production schedules and devote extra
time to quality control.
8.
Shut off the autopilot: Successful
partnerships are managed, and a
reasonable amount of time must be
allocated to do this.
9.
Think long term: A bumpy takeoff is
not uncommon for new partnerships
and often things will smooth out; be
patient.
10.
Don’t let it languish: If the partnership
is not working after a reasonable time
3.
Set clear goals: Make your objectives
realistic and identify measures to
quantify progress.
4.
Get buy-in: Cultivate key stakeholders
and make sure they are on board with
the changes.
5.
Do the due diligence: Investigate
potential partners thoroughly and make
sure to check references.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Qutb Minar
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Scientific Publishing in India
1
0
6
Overview
►
Today India has a large community of scientists and
scholars and Indian researchers perform research in a
wide variety of areas including science, technology,
medicine, humanities and social sciences. They publish
their research findings in a few thousand journals, roughly
half of them in Indian journals and the rest in foreign
journals, most of them low-impact journals.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Where is research conducted
1
0
► Research is performed essentially
in three sectors:
8
1. Higher educational institutions: universities and deemed
universities (>400) ; Indian Institutes of Technology and
Indian Institute of Science
2. Government-funded Laboratories under different agencies
such as the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
(CSIR), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Indian Space
Research Organization (ISRO), Defence Research and
Development Organization (DRDO), Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR), and Indian Council of Medical
Research (ICMR),
3. Laboratories in the industrial sector, both public and
private.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Research
Publications
Within the past decade,
India has seen a
substantial growth in its
annual output of
scientific publications
Annual Publications in Web of Science
1
0
Growth 9in India
Thomson Reuters. Global Research Report India. October 2009
►
India still only contributes less than 3% of the global
research output and half of its peer-reviewed publications
come from just 40 Indian institutions
►
Most of the published research in India is emanating from
research institutes as opposed to universities, which
typically account for a country’s growth in research
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
1
1
1
The Directory of Indian
Scientific Periodicals
1992, brought out by
the National Institute of
Science
Communication and
Information Resources
(NISCAIR) (erstwhile
Indian National
Scientific
Documentation Centre,
New Delhi), lists only
1991 journal titles.
Periodicals and Scientific Journals
Published in India
Database
Total Journals
Indian Journals
Index Medicus
4098
28 (0.7%)
BIOSIS
5012
96 (1.9%)
SCI
3725
10 (0.3%)
JCR/SCI
5876
49 (0.8%)
Indian Journals in Global Databases: Choosing the Right Journal for
Biomedical Publication. (2005) N.C. Jain;
http://www.jbtdrc.org/Symposium/Topics/indian_journals.htm
1
1
2
Indian Science
Journals
Distribution by
Discipline Covered
Indian Academy of
Sciences and the Council
of Scientific and Industrial
Research have been the
leading publishers of S&T
journals in India for a
long time
Ref: Profile of Indian Science Journals. K.C. Garg, Suresh Kumar and Bharvi
Dutt. India, Science and Technology: 2008. S&T Output and Patents.
http://www.nistads.res.in/indiasnt2008/t5output/t5out5.htm
1
1
3
Indian Science
Journals
Distribution by
Frequency of
Publication
Ref: Profile of Indian Science Journals. K.C. Garg, Suresh Kumar and Bharvi
Dutt. India, Science and Technology: 2008. S&T Output and Patents.
http://www.nistads.res.in/indiasnt2008/t5output/t5out5.htm
1
1
4
Indian Science
Journals
Distribution by
Publisher
Ref: Profile of Indian Science Journals. K.C. Garg, Suresh Kumar and Bharvi
Dutt. India, Science and Technology: 2008. S&T Output and Patents.
http://www.nistads.res.in/indiasnt2008/t5output/t5out5.htm
1
1 journals
Fields where OA
are most prevalent in India:
5
Medicine =40%
Open Access Journals Published in
India vs Other Countries
Pharmacy=13%
(DOAJ data)
Country
Number of OA
Journals
Rank
Biology = 10%
USA
1200
1
General Sciences= 8%
Brazil
571
2
UK
493
3
Spain
381
4
India
307
5
Agriculture= 2.2%
Japan
105
Other (social science, law,
other) = 8%
China
29
Computer science =10%
Chemistry= 5%
Engineering= 5%
India’s Efforts in Open Access Publishing. Library Philosophy and Practice (2012). B.
Mukherjee and B. Kumar Mal.http://unlib.unl.edu/LPP ; accessed 6/12/12
The Open Access Movement in India
►
2002: workshops on electronic publishing held at Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore. Indian Academy of
Sciences sponsorship.
 Led Medknow Publications to launch open access versions
of publications
►
2004: workshops on open access archiving held at M.S.
Swaminathan Research Foundation.
 Led to many institutions setting up open access
archives/repositories, which now number 40
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Open Access Movement in India
►
2004: INDEST held training workshops at Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore; on setting up OAI-PMH compliant
digital archives. Launched OA discussion list: [email protected]
►
2004: India joins the Universal Library Project(“Million
Books Project”, Carnegie Mellon University and Internet
Archive-sponsored); Indian Institute of Science is hosting
archive of scanned books.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Growth in Open Access Journals in
India
Growth in OA Journals - India
Number of OA journals
Expon. (Number of OA journals)
350
300
Number
250
200
150
100
50
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
2009
2020
2011
From: "India's Efforts in Open Access Publishing“. Library Philosophy and Practice 2012;
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/mukherjee-mal.htm
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Leading Open Access Publishers in
India
Number of
Journals
Publisher
1
Indian Institute of Sciences (IISc) publishes Journal of Indian Institute of
Sciences; also E-print archive of pre-prints and post-prints.
1
Indian Statistical Institute: publishes the Indian Journal of Statistics
4
Indian National Science Academy (INSA): not all are OAI_PMH
compliant
11
Indian Academy of Sciences (IAS)
15
NISCAIR
19
Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Centre (AIRCC)
40
Indian Medlars Center of the National Informatics Center:
77
Medknow Publications: publishes many on behalf of professional scientific
societies in India.
>300
Bio-Info: a rapidly growing academic publisher
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
India Open Access Journals: Business
Models
►
Some components of Open Access Business Models:
• PDF free online
• If available, HTML version is either free or included as part of a
subscription
• ePUB version usually part of subscription usually
• Paid print subscriptions are available. Typical rates are
– India Individual Print Subscription rate: equiv of : $7-$35/year
– Overseas Individual Print rate: ; $65-$110
– India Institution
• Submission fees: many do charge submissions fees: these range up
to approx $150
• Other revenue sources: advertising, reprints, PPV, society sponsorship
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Indian Journal of Cancer
Published by Medknow
PDF access policy : Full text access is free in HTML pages; however the
journal allows PDF access only to users from INDIA and paid subscribers.
EPub access policy: Full text in EPub is free except for the current issue. Access to the
latest issue is reserved only for paid subscribers.
Official publication of the Indian Cancer Society and Indian Society of Oncology.
Frequency: Quarterly
Print
Online only
Print+ online
Ind/India (INR)
1500 (=~ $28)
1200 (=~ $23)
1900 (=~$36)
Inst/Ind (INR)
2000 (=~$38)
1500 (=~$28)
2500 (=~$47)
Ind/overseas
($US)
$100
$75
$125
Inst/overseas
($US)
$250
$200
$325
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Advantages of
Open Access
Publishing in
India/Developing
Countries
►
Provides barrier-free global platform for
research and collaboration
►
Improves visibility for research
originating in developing-countries
►
Researchers in developing countries can
archive their own research and thus
make it available to other researchers in
developed countries
►
Local research can be distributed
►
Existing journals have relatively low
production costs and are not dependent
to a large extent on subscription
revenue, thus it could be easy to
transition to an open access model of
publication
Open Access Publishing in Premier Research
Institutions
►
A recent study that looked at research publications originating from the
top five research institutes in India found:
 Only 8% of articles are published in open access journals – of these
65% are published in Indian journals and 35% are published in foreign
journals
 The range for the institutes was 3% to 20%
 The medical institutes published the most: 20%
 The engineering institutes published the least: 3%
 Results were said to be consistent with the results of other, similar
studies
 Ref: M.H. Bhat, Information Research, Vol. 14, No 3, September 2009
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Publishing
culture among
Indian
scientists
If citations are the
internationally
recognized method of
measuring research
quality, why are Indian
academics as a whole
not publishing?
Why Indian academics do Why Indian academics do
not publish
publish
Lack of research writing
training
To disseminate information
Lack of proficiency in English
Build up resume/cv for
promotions, awards, grants
Lack of administrative
support/infrastructure
Pleasure to see name in print
Lack of specialized national
journals
Requirement of funders
Multiple responsibilities
besides research
Expectation of job
Research a low priority
Few added benefits/incentives
Ref:Are citations really the best
measure of research quality in India –
or should we look at more meaningful
ways of measurement? P.S. Chandra
and S.K. Chaturvedi (2010).
http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/documents/india
/indiaessaycomp.pdf. Accessed
6/12/12
No pressure to publish/lack of
encouragement/fear of adverse
comments
University of
Delhi authors’
criteria for
selecting
journals
At the University of Delhi
authors indicated that
funding was available for
payment of OA fees,
because most of
research is funded, but
did not feel compelled to
publish in OA journals;
they did not like
submission fees; Journal
Impact Factor important
consideration
►
Prestige/Impact Factor
►
Readership/association with
professional society
►
Journal scope
►
Circulation
►
Time to decision/publication
►
Review quality
►
Colleague/mentor recommendation
►
Fees
Decision to
publish in
open access
journals:
general
observations/
guesses

Some possible determinants:
1.
Research Setting: top tier research institute/university
vs less well funded college or institute
2.
Extent of engagement with Indian science
academies and research institutes in India
3.
Extent of engagement with international professional
societies
4.
Affiliation with research institute that is a proponent
of open access publishing, such as All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, where nearly 20% of articles are
published in open access journals..
Nature of research and extent of international
collaboration: broad topic vs topic of interest mainly to
scientists and health officials in India.
Some disciplines – such as Agriculture – do not have
related open access publications. Of the 100
professional societies in the NARS system that publish
journals, none publish open access journals.
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Negotiating
partnerships in the
region
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Business etiquette
►
Language
►
 English is the language of
commerce
►
 Avoid holidays
 Punctuality expected
 Approach most senior
representative first
 Open with conversation
Hierarchy
 Strict hierarchy is adhered
to within India
►
Meeting/Greeting
 Handshake or Namaste
 Exchange business cards
►
Relationship building
 Establish trust
 Demonstrate integrity
Meetings
►
Negotiations





Slow process
No high pressure tactics
Diplomacy is a must
Honor agreed terms
Beware of “we'll see, I will
try, or possibly”
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Overview
►
Preparing an RFP to meet your needs
• Often the first step toward a successful negotiation
►
Negotiating to and through the initial contract
and contract renewals
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
RFP
►
A request for proposal (RFP) is an invitation for
vendors to submit a proposal to provide your
organization with one or more goods or services
 Details the organization’s specific requirements for the
proposed goods or services in strategic context
 Dictates or allows suppliers freedom to propose the methods,
timetable, and budget for the work
 Leverages an organization’s negotiating ability and purchasing
power with suppliers via the bid process
• RFQ (quote) | RFI (information) | RFQ (qualifications)
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
RFP examples
►
►
Contract publishing
►
Sales and marketing
 Commercial publishers
 Industry sales
 University presses |
nonprofits
 Content aggregators
Editorial and production
services
 Manuscript submission
 Peer review
 Copyediting
 Composition
 Print | digital
 Institutional sales
 Customer service
►
Licensing / buying
technology
 Peer review systems
 Semantic tagging
 Data conversion
 Content management
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
The process at-a-glance
RFP
Proposals
Presentations
2-4 weeks
4-6 weeks
4-6 weeks
• Need assessment
• Suppliers selected |
prescreened (+ time)
• Data gathered
• RFP prepared
• RFP distributed
• Q&A from suppliers
• Proposals received
• Proposals analyzed
• Review with stakeholders
• Finalists selected
• Q&A with remaining
suppliers
• Agenda / invitations
• Hold presentations
• Discussion / decision
• Inform suppliers
• Contract negotiations
• Transition
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Steps to creating an RFP
Assess
needs and
gather
relevant data
Determine
info needed;
set
reasonable
timetable
Identify
recipients,
prepare and
distribute
RFP
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Elements of an RFP
►
Organizational overview
►
Business problem (opportunity) prompting RFP
►
Results of any needs assessment conducted
►
Schedule of important dates
 RFP response due
 Presentations/demos
 Decision expected
 Sale / transition
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Continued
►
Contact names, sources/protocol for Q&A
►
Instructions for organizing, formatting proposal
►
Requirements
 Specific product/service/technical requirements
 Other assumptions and agreements
• Budget parameters, use of subcontractors, ownership, point of
contact
►
Documents required as attachments
 Sample reports, standard contract language, transition plan,
references
►
Basis of award of contract
 Lowest price, greatest financial return, highest quality
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
RFP questions
Supplier profile
Management
The organization | location | size | market
position | future vision
Contacts | reporting | meetings
Experience
Infrastructure
Customer profile | core competencies | staffing
| subcontractors | customer satisfaction
System | security | redundancy |
warranty | training
Capabilities
Terms of agreement
Customization | depth of response | innovation
Deliverables | ownership | post-termination
rights | termination | financial offer
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Packaging the RFP
►
Print and/or eonly
►
Cover letter/invitation
 Pre-qualify
 NDA
►
Single document
 MS Word or PDF
 Linkable table of contents
 Tables to show history/trends
►
Excel file for apples-to-apples comparison
►
Concise and proofread
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
What happens after vendors receive
an RFP?
Read RFP
Ask questions
Do homework
Determine fit,
rough numbers
Submit proposal?
Gather
information
Brainstorm
Prepare
projections
Determine offer
Write proposal
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Evaluating proposals
Supplier
knowledge
Reputation/
culture
The
financial
offer
Supplier
resources
Points of
differentiation
Supplier
capabilities
Customer
support
Supplier
personnel
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Evaluating presentations | site visits
►
The supplier
 Do you believe that the supplier’s mission is aligned
with your mission?
 Will the supplier’s market position be helpful to you?
 Are the supplier’s office locations around the world
well situated?
►
The people
 Are the individuals with whom you will be working
knowledgeable?
 Did the presenters work as a team?
 Can you envision yourself working with them?
 Do you think they would be communicative and
responsive?
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Continued
►
Quality
 Will the supplier uphold your high quality standards?
 Is their vision for the deliverable/s aligned with yours?
 Are the supplier’s products/services state-of-the-art?
►
Capabilities
 Did the supplier provide a convincing plan?
 Does the supplier have the necessary expertise / control over
subcontractors?
 Are you satisfied with how you will be treated vis-à-vis other
customers?
 Can they deliver?
►
The Financial Offer




Will you receive complete and regular financial reporting?
Are the costs/royalties/financial terms easy to understand?
Are appropriate rights retained during and after the agreement period?
Are there business terms that you would like to negotiate before
entering into contract discussions?
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Steps in negotiation
Settle all business
terms pre-contract
Predetermine
essential, fallback/ trade-off,
ideal positions
Read and mark up
agreement;
ensure contract
reflects proposal,
agreed on terms;
lastly, legal review
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Negotiation styles
►
Collaborative: negotiating for win-win
• Detached problem-solving where each party gains something of value
►
Competitive (zero-sum) negotiating for win-lose
• Substance (eg, financial) is what matters; relationship unimportant
►
Concession: negotiating for lose-win
• Avoidance, desperation, or not knowing what’s possible lead to loss
» www.changingminds.org
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Contract negotiating tips
Reducing the stress levels
►
“Approve” (revised) proposal
►
Agree on all business terms before
negotiating contract
►
Communicate any truly nonnegotiable
clauses before contract (good faith)
►
Convert individual wants into shared
problems
►
Don’t rewrite unless you need to
eliminate ambiguity or change the
meaning
►
Work with an attorney experienced in
publishing
Questions to bypass
impasse
►
What is at the heart of your/my
concern? What is the purpose of this
clause?
►
Can I explain to you the situation I’m
worried about and can we put our
heads together to think about how this
situation could be avoided?
►
If we removed the clause, would or
could another clause come into play if
we found ourselves in this (unlikely)
situation?
►
Is it time to brainstorm with some
colleagues?
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Dealing with the typically tricky clauses
►
Reuse of content
►
Transition costs (pre and post)
►
Sublicensing rights
►
Reporting
►
New publications
►
Proposed “efforts”
►
Satisfactory staffing
►
Mid-term changes
►
“Extras”
►
Unprofitability clause
►
Quality control measures
►
Post-termination rights
►
Electronic capabilities
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Gandhi’s
residence
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC
Q&A
Thank you!
Cara Kaufman
[email protected]
Karen King
[email protected]
© 2012 ALPSP/CCC