Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Sulfur, calcium, Iron
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic
Acids
Short term energy storage – body uses
first
Ex: Fruits, breads, pasta, rice,
potatoes, candy and cookies
Long term energy storage – body uses
last
Ex: Fats, oils, and waxes, whole milk,
ice cream, fried foods
Makes up many cell structures,
enzymes speed up chemical reactions
Ex: amylase, keratin, meat, dairy
products, fish, nuts, beans
Contain the instructions that cells need
to carry out all the functions of life
Ex: red meat, shellfish, peas, DNA, RNA
Bacteria and archaea
Animals, plants, fungi, and protists
Prokaryotic- not many cell parts, no
nucleus, no membrane covered
organelles
Eukaryotic- more complex, nucleus,
nucleus contains DNA, membrane
covered organelles
Have ribosomes, have DNA
Cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things. When you
describe what a living thing is made of
and how its cells are put together, then
you are determining the structure of a
living thing.
An organism’s functions are the
processes that enable it to live, grow,
and reproduce.
They must obtain oxygen, food, and
water and get rid of waste.
Cells are involved in all functions of the
organism. They work together
He observed a slice of cork with his
microscope and discovered cells. He
called them small rooms.
He discovered one-celled organisms
with his microscope. He called them
animalcules.
All organisms are made of one or more
cells.
Cells are the basic building blocks of
life.
All cells come from existing cells.
Theodore Schwann – all organisms are
made of 1 or more cells; cells are the
basic building blocks of life
Rudolf Virchow – all cells come from
existing cells
Little was known about cells back then
because microscopes weren’t as
advanced as they are today.
Microscopes produce magnified images
and allowed scientists to discover the
cell.
They use beams of electrons instead of
light. You can see objects that are too
small to be seen with light microscopes
and they have higher magnification and
better resolution
Until the 1600’s, no one knew cells
existed because there was no way to
see them. Around 1590, the invention
of the first microscope allowed people
to look at very small objects. Over the
next 200 years, this new technology
revealed cells and led to the
development of the cell theory.
They both surround the cell.
The cell wall is just in plant cells,
protects and supports the cell.
The cell membrane controls which
substances pass into and out of a cell
It acts as the control center. It
contains information for directing a
cell’s functions.
Chromatin is made of DNA, RNA, and
nuclear proteins. DNA and RNA are the
nucleic acids inside of the cell. When
the cell is going to divide, the
chromatin becomes very compact. It
condenses. When the chromatin comes
together, you can see the
chromosomes.
In the nucleus
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Bodies)
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Lysosomes
It converts energy stored in food to
energy the cell can use to live and
function
Helps the attached ribosomes make
proteins
It receives proteins and other newly
made substances from the ER; it
packages materials, and then
distributes the material to the parts of
the cell
Captures energy from the sun and
changes it into energy the cell can use
to make food. Found in plant cells and
some protists like algae
Contains substances that break down
large food particles (enzymes) and
breaks down old cell parts and recycles
them
Plant cells have cell walls and
chloroplasts.
Animal cells have lysosomes, no cell
wall and no chloroplasts.
The other organelles they have in
common
One type of cell does one kind of job,
while other types of cells do other
jobs. Like blood cells and nerve cells.
They perform specific functions that
benefit the entire organism.
Multicellular organisms are made of
many cells that work together to
perform specific functions. The cells
are organized into tissues, organs and
organ systems.