FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Possible uses for this information will include:
 Providing useful information to self-learners;
 Providing focus for the developers of short courses, text books and other learning
material;
 Providing a basis for the production of self-test quizzes and examinations;
 Providing the basis for registers of suitably qualified and experienced persons.
Recommended Competences
Category
&
Code Number
Pre-Requisites
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Knowledge
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STATEMENT OF COMPETENCE
Standard
or
Advanced
and
EQF Level
Resource
Reference
Code
All learning outcomes in category MESM as
appropriate to industry, application and level.
All learning outcomes in category BMPS as
appropriate to industry, application and level.
List the various steps in the analysis/simulation
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process.
Define the meaning of degree of freedom.
List the nodal degrees of freedom and the
associated force actions for common beam, 2D
solid, 2D axisymmetric, 3D solid and shell
elements, for the Displacement FEM.
Define the meaning of adaptive mesh refinement.
State the variational principle involved in the
formulation of the Displacement Finite Element
Method and identify the solution quantity
assumed within each element.
State the variational principle involved in the
formulation of the Equilibrium Finite Element
Method and identify the solution quantity
assumed within each element.
Name other finite element methods.
List the requirements for an axisymmetric analysis
to be valid.
List the degrees of freedom to be constrained on a
symmetric boundary.
List the degrees of freedom to be constrained on a
asymmetric boundary.
Sketch problems showing the various form of
symmetry.
List the advantages of using symmetry.
State the word length or arithmetic precision of
calculations for any system used.
List the possible advantages of applying material
properties, loads and boundary conditions to
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Comprehension
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underlying geometry rather than to finite element
entities.
List 2 common solvers for large sets of
simultaneous equations.
List the various forms of element distortion.
List the various element types commonly used in
the analysis of components within your
organisation.
Describe the sources of error inherent in finite
element analysis, in general terms.
Discuss checks that may be used post-solution to
check for the presence of inaccuracy.
Explain the term solution residual.
Explain the meaning of convergence, including h
and p types.
Discuss the difficulties that can arise in using a CAD
model as the basis for carrying out analysis and
simulation.
Discuss the need for a consistent set of units in any
analysis and illustrate possible pitfalls.
Explain why strains and stresses are generally less
accurate than displacements for any given mesh
of elements, using the Displacement FEM.
Discuss the validity of using symmetry techniques
to model non-symmetric problems.
Explain the meaning of the term ill-conditioned
when used in the context of a set of solution
equations and illustrate physical situations where
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this might reflect reality.
Describe why incompressible or nearlyincompressible elastic media can cause
difficulties with analysis.
Discuss the finite element / spring analogy.
Outline a common method employed to solve the
large sets of sparse symmetric common in FEA.
Explain how the structural stiffness matrix is
assembled from the individual element matrices.
Discuss the nature of the structural stiffness matrix.
Discuss the integral equation for element stiffness,
highlighting the variables which it is dependent
upon.
Discuss the salient features of the integral equation
for Consistent Nodal Loading.
Explain the process of Gaussian Quadrature and
the terms Reduced Integration, Shear Locking
and Mechanisms.
Explain the term Isoparametric Element.
Discuss the general requirements for suitable
Displacement Functions.
Discuss the terms C0 and C1 Continuity.
Describe the Patch Test and explain its
significance.
Explain why displacement elements may not always
lead to a behaviour that is too stiff in practice.
Explain the Equilibrium and Compatibility
conditions, normally found within and between
displacement elements.
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Discuss the relationship between shape function
and strain/stress prediction for simple 2D linear
and parabolic elements.
Explain th term Bubble Function or Nodeless
Variable.
Discuss the significance of computer memory to
solution elapse time for large models.
Explain how unwanted cracks can be produced in
2D and 3D solid meshes and describe which plot
type is useful in detecting these.
Explain why element distortion generally results in
poorer results.
Discuss the term Flying Structure or Insufficiently
Constrained Structure.
Explain why stress averaging is not appropriate at
junctions between elements of different
thickness.
Explain why most finite elements do not represent a
circular boundary exactly and highlight how this
approximation manifests itself.
Explain the concept of substructuring, where
applicable and highlight common limitations of
use.
Describe the process of nested modelling or submodelling.
Explain the term hybrid model and highlight
potential difficulties with such an approach.
Discuss the terms Validation and Verification and
highlight their importance.
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Application
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Discuss how developments in computing power and
system functionality are affecting modelling
strategies, highlighting techniques that are falling
into disuse.
Discuss modelling issues related to wind, sea and
other relevant forms of stochastic loading.
Outline how Initial Strains and Initial Stresses are
commonly handled in the finite element solution.
Discuss the Geometric Stiffness Matrix and
highlight situations where it becomes important.
Explain the rationale behind the use of 1-D, 2-D and
3-D elements used in the analysis of components
within your organisation.
Employ an analysis system for the determination of
stresses and strains in small displacement, linear
elastic problems.
Demonstrate effective use of available results
presentation facilities.
Illustrate the approximate nature of finite element
analysis, through examples chosen from your
industry sector.
Illustrate the various steps in the Displacement
Finite Element Method from assumed
displacement polynomial to determination of
stresses.
Illustrate possible applications of 0D, 1D, 2D and
3D elements in your industry sector.
Illustrate how you might apply a moment to a model
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Analysis
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Synthesis
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consisting of 2D or 3D solids.
Employ symmetric boundary conditions effectively.
Employ asymmetric boundary conditions effectively.
Employ cyclic symmetric boundary conditions
effectively, where appropriate.
Illustrate various physical situations which will result
in a Stress Singularity and explain why it is not
appropriate to use finite element results at such
locations directly.
Illustrate consistent nodal loadings for uniform
loading on a range of common linear and
quadratic shell, 2D and 3D solid elements and
note any unusual features.
Employ a range of post-solution checks to
determine the integrity of FEA results.
Conduct validation studies in support of FEA.
Carry out sensitivity studies.
Analyse the results from small displacement, linear
static analyses and determine whether they
satisfy inherent assumptions.
Compare the results from small displacement, linear
elastic analyses with allowable values and
comment on findings.
Analyse the results from sensitivity studies and
draw conclusions from trends.
Prepare an analysis specification, including
modelling strategy, highlighting any assumptions
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Evaluation
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relating to geometry, loads, boundary conditions
and material properties.
Develop an analysis strategy that enables the
relative significance of individual model
parameters and their interactions to be evaluated
Plan an analysis, specifying necessary resources
and timescale.
Prepare quality assurance procedures for finite
element analysis activities within an organisation.
Contribute to planning related to the effective
development of analysis facilities.
Contribute to the development of a competency
process that supports staff technical
development.
Formulate a series of smaller studies, benchmarks
or experimental tests in support of a FEA
modelling strategy.
Prepare a validation plan in support of a FEA study.
Select appropriate idealisation(s) for components /
structures, which are consistent with the
objectives of the analyses.
Assess the significance of neglecting any feature or
detail in any idealisation.
Assess the significance of simplifying geometry,
material models, loads or boundary conditions.
Manage A&S related physical and human resources
within an organisation; in an effective manner.
Manage verification and validation procedures in
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support of FEA.
REFERENCES:
FEAref1
Guidelines to Finite Element Practice, NAFEMS, ISBN-0-903640-16-3, 1984
FEAref2
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 5.2 pp 28-40, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref3
Using Finite Elements in Mechanical Design, JT Mottram & CT Shaw, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-709093-4, 1996.
FEAref4
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 5.5 pp 50-52, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref5
The Finite Element Method, Volume 1 Basic Formulation and Linear Problems, Zienkiewicz O C, Taylor R L, Chapter
2 pp 21-32, 4th Edition, Published by McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-084174-8, 1997
De Veubeke B F, Displacement and Equilibrium Models in the finite element method, Int J Numer. Meth. Engng
2001; 52 pp 287-342
FEAref6
De Veubeke B F, Displacement and Equilibrium Models in the finite element method, Int J Numer. Meth. Engng
2001; 52 pp 287-342
FEA7ref7
Finite Element Procedures, KJ Bathe, Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-301458-4, 1996.
FEAref8
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 5.2.2 pp 32-33 and Chapter 10 pp 111-123,
NAFEMS, 1997
How to Interpret Finite Element Results, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 6 pp 42-46, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref9
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 5 pp 23-28, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref10
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 5 pp 23-28, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref11
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 5 pp 23-28, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref12
How to Interpret Finite Element Results, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 6 pp 42-46, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref13
How to Interpret Finite Element Results, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 8.1 p 79, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref14
Building Better Products with Finite Element Analysis, V Adams & A Askenazi, Onward Press, ISBN 1-56690-160X,
1999. Ch6.
FEAref15
Finite Element Procedures, KJ Bathe, Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-301458-4, 1996. Ch8.
FEAref16
A Finite Element Primer, Chapter 8.4 pp128-131, NAFEMS, ISBN 0-903640-17-1, 1986
How to Use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 5 pp 67-86, Chapter 7.7 pp104-105, Chapter 7.8 pp 106-108,
NAFEMS, 2003
FEAref17
How to use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 7 pp 97-108, NAFEMS, 2003
FEAref18
How to use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 7 pp 97-108, NAFEMS, 2003
FEAref19
The Finite Element Method, Volume 1 Basic Formulation and Linear Problems, Zienkiewicz O C, Taylor R L, Chapter
14 pp 398-435, 4th Edition, Published by McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-084174-8, 1997
How to Use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 5 pp 67-86, Chapter 7 pp 97-108, Chapter 7.8 pp 106-108,
NAFEMS, 2003
FEAref20
How to Interpret Finite Element Results, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 2.8 pp 13-16, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref21
How to Manage Finite Element Analysis in the Design Process, Adams V, Chapter 5, pp 31-43, NAFEMS ISBN 1847-376-12-3, 2006
Tips and Workarounds for CAD generated Models, Marks L, NAFEMS, 1999
FEAref22
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 4.1 pp 16-17, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref23
The Finite Element Method, Volume 1 Basic Formulation and Linear Problems, Zienkiewicz O C, Taylor R L, Chapter
2 pp 21-26, 4th Edition, Published by McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-084174-8, 1997
FEAref24
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 5 pp 23-28, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref25
How to Use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 4.7 pp 50-51, NAFEMS, 2003
The Finite Element Method, Volume 1 Basic Formulation and Linear Problems, Zienkiewicz O C, Taylor R L, Chapter
2.6 p 38, 4th Edition, Published by McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-084174-8, 1997
FEAref26
The Finite Element Method for Solid and Structural Mechanics, OC Zienkiewicz & RL Taylor, 6th ed,
ISBN 0 7506 6321 9, 2005.
FEAref27
Finite Element Methods in Structural Mechanics, Ross C T F, Chapter 2 pp 64-69, Published by Ellis Horwood Ltd
ISBN 0-85312-808-1, 1985
FEAref28
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 8 pp 73-87, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref29
Finite Element Methods in Structural Mechanics, Ross C T F, Chapter 3 pp 78-111, Published by Ellis Horwood Ltd
ISBN 0-85312-808-1, 1985
FEAref30
Finite Element Methods in Structural Mechanics, Ross C T F, Chapter 2 pp 64-72, Published by Ellis Horwood Ltd
ISBN 0-85312-808-1, 1985
FEAref31
How to use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 2.4 pp 15-25, NAFEMS, 2003
FEAref32
The Finite Element Method for Solid and Structural Mechanics, OC Zienkiewicz & RL Taylor, 6th ed,
ISBN 0 7506 6321 9, 2005. Sec11.3.
FEAref33
How to Use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 2.4 pp 15-20 and Chapter 3.5 p 34, NAFEMS, 2003
FEAref34
Finite Element Methods in Structural Mechanics, Ross C T F, Chapter 6.1 pp 200-202, Published by Ellis Horwood
Ltd ISBN 0-85312-808-1, 1985
How to Use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 2 pp 5-10, NAFEMS, 2003
FEAref35
How to Use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 2.3 pp 10-15, NAFEMS, 2003
Finite Element Methods in Structural Mechanics, Ross C T F, Chapter 6.2 pp 202-207, Published by Ellis Horwood
Ltd ISBN 0-85312-808-1, 1985
The Finite Element Method, Volume 1 Basic Formulation and Linear Problems, Zienkiewicz O C, Taylor R L, Chapter
7.3 pp 114-149, 4th Edition, Published by McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-084174-8, 1997
FEAref36
The Finite Element Method, Volume 1 Basic Formulation and Linear Problems, Zienkiewicz O C, Taylor R L, Chapter
2.3 pp 32-33, Chapter 7 pp110-111 4th Edition, Published by McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-084174-8, 1997
The Finite Element Method, Volume 2 Solid and Fluid Mechanics Dynamics and Non-linearity, Zienkiewicz O C,
Taylor R L, Chapter 1 pp 1-15, Chapter 7 pp110-111 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-084174-8
FEAref37
How to Use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 6.3 pp 88-90, NAFEMS, 2003
FEAref38
Finite Element Procedures, KJ Bathe, Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-301458-4, 1996. Sec4.4.1.
The Finite Element Method, Volume 1 The Basis, Zienkiewicz O C, Taylor R L, 5th Edition, Butterworth, ISBN 0-75065049-4, 2000. Section 2.8.
FEAref39
A Finite Element Primer, Chapter 2.1 pp 9-13, NAFEMS, 1986, ISBN-0-903640-17-1
FEAref40
How to Use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 2.3 pp 10-15, NAFEMS, 2003
The Finite Element Method, Volume 2 Solid and Fluid Mechanics Dynamics and Non-linearity, Zienkiewicz O C,
Taylor R L, Chapter 7 pp 110-132, 4th Edition, Published by McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-084174-8
FEAref41
How to Use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 3.5 pp 34-37, NAFEMS, 2003
FEAref42
Building Better Products with Finite Element Analysis, V Adams & A Askenazi, Onward Press, ISBN 1-56690-160X,
1999. Ch20.
FEAref43
Building Better Products with Finite Element Analysis, V Adams & A Askenazi, Onward Press, ISBN 1-56690-160X,
1999. Ch7.
FEAref44
How to use Elements Effectively, Hellen T, Chapter 5 pp 67-85, NAFEMS, 2003
FEAref45
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 6, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref46
How to Interpret Finite Element Results, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 3.3 pp 24-28, NAFEMS, 1997
How to use Beam, Plate and Shell Elements, Hellen T, Chapter 5.4.3 pp74-80, NAFEMS, 2007
FEAref47
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 5.2.3 p 35, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref48
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 5.6 p 52, NAFEMS, 1997
Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis. RD Cook, DS Malkus, ME Plesha & RJ Witt, 4th Ed, John
Wiley, ISBN 0-471-35605-0, 2002. Section 10.11.
FEAref49
Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis. RD Cook, DS Malkus, ME Plesha & RJ Witt, 4th Ed, John
Wiley, ISBN 0-471-35605-0, 2002. Section 10.10.
FEAref50
A Finite Element Primer, Chapter 12.10 p249, NAFEMS, 1986, ISBN-0-903640-17-1
FEAref51
Guide for Verification and Validation in Computational Solid Mechanics, Chapters 4 and 5 pp 12-19, ASME V&V 102006
NAFEMS QSS 001:2007, Engineering Simulation, Quality Management Systems, Requirements, Chapter 3 p9
What is Verification and Validation?; ASME and NAFEMS; 2009.
FEAref52
Building Better Products with Finite Element Analysis, V Adams & A Askenazi, Onward Press, ISBN 1-56690-160X,
1999. Ch21.
FEAref53
Pressure Vessel Design Manual, D Moss, 3rd Ed., Gulf Professional Publishing, ISBN 0-7506-7740-6, 2004. Ch3.
Wind Loading of Structures. JD Holmes, Spon Press, ISBN 0-203-30164-1, 2001.
FEAref54
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 7.2 pp 69-71, NAFEMS, 1997
A Finite Element Primer, Chapter 5.6 pp 65-67 and Chapter 12.12 p260, NAFEMS, 1986, ISBN-0-903640-17-1
The Finite Element Method, Volume 1 Basic Formulation and Linear Problems, Zienkiewicz O C, Taylor R L, Chapter
3.2.3 pp 48-50, 4th Edition, Published by McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-084174-8, 1997
FEAref55
A Finite Element Primer, Chapter 11.2 pp 217-224, NAFEMS 1986, ISBN-0-903640-17-1
FEAref56
System User Manuals and suitable experiential learning in an industrial context and environment.
FEAref57
System User Manuals and suitable experiential learning in an industrial context and environment.
NAFEMS QSS 001:2007 : Engineering Simulation – Quality Management Systems – Requirements, 1st Edition,
NAFEMS Ltd. 2007.
Quality Management in Engineering Simulation, A Primer for the NAFEMS QSS, J M Smith, NAFEMS Ltd, 2008.
FEAref58
System User Manuals and suitable experiential learning in an industrial context and environment.
Building Better Products with Finite Element Analysis, V Adams & A Askenazi, Onward Press, ISBN 1-56690-160X,
1999. Ch11.
FEAref59
System User Manuals and suitable experiential learning in an industrial context and environment.
FEAref60
Finite Element Methods in Structural Mechanics, Ross C T F, Chapter 5 pp 147-198, Published by Ellis Horwood Ltd
ISBN 0-85312-808-1, 1985
The Finite Element Method, Volume 1 Basic Formulation and Linear Problems, Zienkiewicz O C, Taylor R L, Chapter
2.2 pp 23-30, 4th Edition, Published by McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-084174-8, 1997
FEAref61
Suitable experiential learning in an industrial context and environment.
The Application of Finite Element Modelling to Pressure Vessel Design Codes, Warrior, N A, and Durrant J C,
NAFEMS Ltd. 2000.
FEAref62
Building Better Products with Finite Element Analysis, V Adams & A Askenazi, Onward Press, ISBN 1-56690-160X,
1999. p292.
FEAref63
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 5 pp 23-28, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref64
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 5 pp 23-28, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref65
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 5 pp 23-28 and Chapter 6.4 pp 62-63,
NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref66
Linear elastic fracture mechanics benchmarks: 2D finite element test cases, Pang HLJ, Journal of Engineering
Fracture Mechanics, Vol 44, No 5, pp 741-751, 1993.
FEAref67
A Finite Element Primer, Chapter 9.9 p165, Chapter 12.12 pp 257-261, NAFEMS, 1986, ISBN 0-903640-17-1
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 7 pp 66-69, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref68
How to Interpret Finite Element Results, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 4 pp 29-34, NAFEMS, 1997
Guide for Verification and Validation in Computational Solid Mechanics, ASME V&V 10-2006
NAFEMS QSS 001:2007, Engineering Simulation, Quality Management Systems, Requirements
FEAref69
What is Verification and Validation?; ASME and NAFEMS; 2009.
Competences as specified in this module and identified pre-requisite modules; Suitable product knowledge.
FEAref70
Guide for Verification and Validation in Computational Solid Mechanics, Chapters 3.5 p 11, ASME V&V 10-2006
FEAref71
What is Verification and Validation?; ASME and NAFEMS; 2009.
Competences as specified in this module and identified pre-requisite modules; Suitable product knowledge.
FEAref72
System User Manuals and suitable experiential learning in an industrial context and environment.
FEAref73
System User Manuals and suitable experiential learning in an industrial context and environment.
Relevant pressure vessel Codes of Practice.
FEAref74
How to Interpret Finite Element Results, Baguley D and Hose D R, Chapter 4 pp 29-34, NAFEMS, 1997
Response Surface Methodology, Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments, Myers RH,
Montgomery DC, Wiley Interscience Publication, ISBN 0-471-58100-3, 1995
Building Better Products with Finite Element Analysis, V Adams & A Askenazi, Onward Press, ISBN 1-56690-160X,
1999. p261.
FEAref75
Response Surface Methodology, Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments, Myers RH,
Montgomery DC, Wiley Interscience Publication, ISBN 0-471-58100-3, 1995
FEAref76
NAFEMS QSS 001:2007 : Engineering Simulation – Quality Management Systems – Requirements, 1st Edition,
NAFEMS Ltd. 2007.
Quality Management in Engineering Simulation, A Primer for the NAFEMS QSS, J M Smith, NAFEMS Ltd, 2008.
FEAref77
NAFEMS QSS 001:2007 : Engineering Simulation – Quality Management Systems – Requirements, 1st Edition,
NAFEMS Ltd. 2007.
Quality Management in Engineering Simulation, A Primer for the NAFEMS QSS, J M Smith, NAFEMS Ltd, 2008.
FEAref78
NAFEMS QSS 001:2007 : Engineering Simulation – Quality Management Systems – Requirements, 1st Edition,
NAFEMS Ltd. 2007.
Quality Management in Engineering Simulation, A Primer for the NAFEMS QSS, J M Smith, NAFEMS Ltd, 2008.
FEAref79
NAFEMS QSS 001:2007 : Engineering Simulation – Quality Management Systems – Requirements, 1st Edition,
NAFEMS Ltd. 2007.
Quality Management in Engineering Simulation, A Primer for the NAFEMS QSS, J M Smith, NAFEMS Ltd, 2008.
FEAref80
NAFEMS QSS 001:2007 : Engineering Simulation – Quality Management Systems – Requirements, 1st Edition,
NAFEMS Ltd. 2007.
Quality Management in Engineering Simulation, A Primer for the NAFEMS QSS, J M Smith, NAFEMS Ltd, 2008.
FEAref81
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref82
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref83
How to Model with Finite Elements, Baguley D and Hose D R, NAFEMS, 1997
FEAref84
NAFEMS QSS 001:2007 : Engineering Simulation – Quality Management Systems – Requirements, 1st Edition,
NAFEMS Ltd. 2007.
Quality Management in Engineering Simulation, A Primer for the NAFEMS QSS, J M Smith, NAFEMS Ltd, 2008.
How to Manage Finite Element Analysis in the Design Process, V. Adams, ISBN 1874376123, NAFEMS 2006.
FEAref85
FEAref86
FEAref87
Competences as specified in this module and identified pre-requisite modules; Suitable product knowledge.
How to Manage Finite Element Analysis in the Design Process, Chapter 4, V. Adams, ISBN 1874376123, NAFEMS
2006.
What is Verification and Validation?; ASME and NAFEMS; 2009.
Competences as specified in this module and identified pre-requisite modules; Suitable product knowledge.
System User Manuals and suitable experiential learning in an industrial context and environment.