_________________________
GRADE BY
__________
38
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NAME
CHAPTER 13 – THE TRIUMPH OF INDUSTRY (1865 – 1914)
MATCHING DIRECTIONS: Place the letter of the correct term from the word bank with the description that best
matches. For the terms that are NOT used, write a brief definition on a separate sheet of paper.
a. entrepreneur
b. protective tariff
c. laissez faire
d. patent
e. Thomas Edison
f. Bessemer process
g. suspension bridge
h. time zone
i. mass production
j. corporation
k. monopoly
l. cartel
m. John D. Rockefeller
n. trust
o. Andrew Carnegie
p. Social Darwinism
q. ICC
r. Sherman Antitrust Act
s. sweatshop
t. collective bargaining
u. socialism
v. Knights of Labor
w. Terence V. Powderly
x. AFL
y. Homestead Strike
z. Eugene V. Debs
aa. Pullman Strike
_____1. a method for purifying iron, resulting in strong, lightweight steel
_____2. inventor of the light bulb
_____3. a person who invests money in a product or enterprise to make a profit
_____4. a system for turning out large numbers of products quickly and inexpensively
_____5. a tax that makes imported goods more costly than those made locally
_____6. a system in which businesses operate under minimal government regulation
7. ___________________ suggested that those who had great wealth were entitled to it.
8. ___________________ was an oil tycoon who used horizontal integration to increase profits.
9. In a(n) ___________________, a number of people share the ownership of a business.
10. The ___________________outlawed any trust that operated “in restraint of trade.”
11. Steel tycoon ___________________ established libraries in part to help the disadvantaged rise in society.
12. A corporation that gains complete control of a product or a service is a ___________________.
_____13. workers negotiating as a group for better wages or working conditions
_____14. leader of the American Railway Union and cofounder of the IWW
_____15. labor union that included all workers of any trade
_____16. labor union of skilled workers from small craft unions
_____17. a nationwide strike of railway workers in 1894
_____18. an economic and political philosophy favoring public control of property and income
MULTIPLE CHOICE DIRECTIONS: Write the letter of the best answer or ending in each blank.
_____19. Capitalism fueled industrialization by
a. requiring inventors to file patents.
b. encouraging entrepreneurs to establish businesses.
c. giving the country many natural resources.
d. ensuring that all workers received high wages.
_____20. Which innovation extended the number of hours in a day that Americans could work and play?
a. Bessemer process
c. refrigeration
b. telegraph technology
d. electricity
_____21. Which industry most spurred economic growth and innovation in related industries?
a. railroads
c. oil
b. food
d. steel
_____22. As farms became mechanized,
a. immigrants bought more land.
b. more people became farmers.
c. farmers moved to urban areas.
d. farm workers became rural entrepreneurs.
_____23. In which system does one company control the businesses that make up all phases of a product’s
development?
a. horizontal integration
c. trust
b. cartel
d. vertical integration
_____24. Corporations had the important advantage of
a. being run by an individual or a family.
b. developing into monopolies.
c. reducing the financial risk for individual investors.
d. keeping prices high.
_____25. Which argument supports the perception of big business leaders as “captains of industry”?
a. Industrialists’ support for technology benefited the economy.
b. Monopolies forced small companies out of business.
c. Consumers were harmed by inflated prices.
d. Workers’ wages rose as industrialists profited.
_____26. The ICC was formed to
a. oversee railroad operations.
b. control interstate commerce.
c. make new transportation laws.
d. regulate communications.
_____27. In the late 1800s, workers tolerated poor wages because they
a. thought that the government would protect them.
b. believed it had to get worse before it got better.
c. could be replaced easily by other workers.
d. were tricked by employers into taking dangerous jobs.
_____28. Which labor leader began the American Federation of Labor?
a. Samuel Gompers
c. Eugene V. Debs
b. Terence V. Powderly
d. Uriah Smith Stephens
_____29. What was one result of the Haymarket Riot?
a. Steelworkers’ wages increased.
b. Public support for unions grew.
c. The AFL ceased to exist.
d. Membership in the Knights of Labor declined.
_____30. How did federal government support employers during labor unrest?
a. called on the Pinkertons to stop strikes
b. denied unions recognition as legally protected groups
c. imprisoned Eugene Debs and other labor leaders for life
d. made company towns illegal
The Octopus Who Strangles the World, Private Collection,
Archives Charmet/The Bridgeman Art Library International
_____31. The cartoonist portrays Rockefeller as a(n)
a. robber baron.
b. reformer.
c. innovator.
d. captain of industry.
_____32. Horizontal integration differs from vertical integration in that it
a. combines businesses involved in all phases of a product’s development.
b. merges stocks from multiple businesses into a new organization.
c. consolidates firms involved in the same business into one giant company.
d. requires investment from a number of people who share ownership in the firm.
_____33. A cartel differs from a monopoly in that
a. one corporation has complete control of a product or service.
b. businesses making the same product agree to limit production.
c. one firm sets the prices for all goods in an industry.
d. all the firms involved in the same business merge into one entity.
_____34. Cartels, monopolies, trusts, and horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of
a. driving up costs.
b. raising wages.
c. increasing profits.
d. combining resources.
_____35. Which event resulted in the execution of four anarchists and the decline of the Knights of Labor?
a. Railroad Strikes of 1877
b. Haymarket Riot of 1886
c. Homestead Strike of 1892
d. Pullman Strike of 1893
Keep going there’s a little bit more…
DOCUMENT-BASED ASSESSMENT: Read the following passages and associated questions and write the letter of the
best answer or ending in each blank.
Attitude Toward Organized Labor
Were labor unions successful in working out their disputes with big-business owners? Or did the federal
government and the courts need to play a role in settling these disputes? Use your knowledge of the organized
labor movement and Documents A, B, C, and D to answer questions 1 through 4.
Document A
“The workers at the blast furnaces in our steel-rail works once sent in a ‘round-robin’ stating that unless the firm
gave them an advance of wages by Monday afternoon at four o’clock they would leave the furnaces. . . .
Gentlemen of the Blast Furnace Committee, you have threatened our firm that you will break your agreement
and that you will leave these blast furnaces . . . unless you get a favorable answer to your threat by four o’clock
today. It is not three but your answer is ready. You may leave the blast furnaces. . . . The worst day that labor has
ever seen in this world is that day in which it dishonors itself by breaking its agreement. You have your answer.”
—The Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie,
August 1920
Document B
“In the winter of 1893–1894 the employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company . . . joined the new American
Railway Union . . . attempting to organize all workers connected with the railways. . . . The [Pullman] company
refused to consider arbitration and the boycott went into effect. . . . Indictments charging Debs [president of the
American Railway Union] and others of violations of the Sherman Act were secured. . . . As a result of the various
injunctions, indictments, and the activities of federal troops which reached Chicago, following directions from
President Cleveland, the strike and the consequent violence were practically at an end by the middle of July.”
—Labor and the Sherman Act
by Edward Berman, 1930
Document C
“There was a time when workmen were denied the right of leaving their employers, when they were part of the
soil, owned by their employers. . . . Not many years ago, when workmen counseled with each other for the
purpose of resisting a reduction in their wages or making an effort to secure an increase, it was held to be a
conspiracy punishable by imprisonment. Through the effort of organized labor, an enlightened public sentiment
changed all this until to-day the right to unite for material, moral, and social improvement on the part of workers
is accepted by all.”
—Samuel Gompers to Editor, Washington Evening Star,
May 15, 1900
Document D
(caption reads “THE CHIVALRY OF MODERN KNIGHTS”
_____36. In Document A, what view does Andrew Carnegie take toward organized labor?
a. Businesses should bargain with employees.
b. Workers should be paid fair wages.
c. Employees should honor their original work agreement.
d. Business owners should take workers’ threats seriously.
_____37. Which document is a secondary source that describes how the Sherman Act was used as a legal tool to
end a strike?
a. Document D
b. Document A
c. Document B
d. Document C
_____38. Who does the cartoonist ridicule in Document D?
a. The government
b. The Knights of Labor
c. The Sherman Antitrust Act
d. George Pullman