Senior Seminar Winter 2009
ISP 4860
Section 002 (Bowen)
Class 9, March 11
Course web site: www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSemW09
Agenda
• Late / returned / future assignments
• Research: Chapters 4 and 5
• Content:
 The economic crisis
 Tragedy of the Commons
• Writing
 Grammar
 Sentences for Discussion
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
2
New Course resources
• www.is.wayne.edu/drbowen/SenSemW09
 EPA planning to monitor greenhouse gas
emissions by industry




3/11/09
• Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and other
greenhouse gases
Global Warming skeptics meet (and disagree)
How the crash will reshape America (later)
Water: Hydrologists
A Depression Dynamic is Growing
• “All my worst fears about the market have come
true”
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
3
Assignments Coming Up
• Past due





Choice of topic
Chapter 1 planner
List of references
Draft for Chapter 1
Draft for Chapters 2 and 3
11(*)/13
7/11
8/11
6/11
0/11
• This week, March 11: revised Chapter 1 (0)
• Next week, March 18: Spring Break, no
class, nothing due
 How about catching up?
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
4
Assignments Coming Up
• Two weeks, March 25: Revised Chapters 2
and 3
• Three weeks, April 1: Drafts of Chapters 4
and 5
• Four weeks, April 8: Nothing due (catch up)
• Five weeks, April 15: Final paper
• Six weeks, April 22: Oral report.
 Last class meeting
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
5
EAA Grades
• This year, EAA grades allowed for all
classes, so I assigned EAA grades for this
course
• Regular letter grades, not special codes as
in the past
• If your EAA grade = C- or less, should get
a letter from someone else at WSU (not
from me)
• You can see your EAA grade on Pipeline
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
6
EAA Grades
• You can see all of the grades I have for
you, and your EAA grade, in a
spreadsheet on the course website
• You are identified by the right-most 6 digits
of your 9-digit Student ID
• Demo
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
7
Research portfolio
• Self-assessment
 Tonight, March 11
 4/8, including my assessment
• Research Portfolio self-assessment
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
8
Economic Crisis
• Some headlines:
 As Jobs Vanish, Motel Rooms Become Home
 Fastest and deepest recession since the Great
Depression
 Many businesses, former allies of
Republicans, supporting Obama recovery plan
• “He’s not just gathering people and talking, he’s
really taking action.”
 Republicans suffering in polls for obstructing
 Some banks want to return bailout money
• Too many restrictions
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
9
Economic Crisis
• Article by a geographer on course website
 Florida, Richard. “How the Crash Will
Reshape America.” Mar. 2009: 44 – 56.
 Many crises involve basic social changes,
including a change in geography
 Great Depression: change to a suburban
society with large plants outside cities
 Florida’s guess about this one: change will be
to urban mega-centers as centers of
innovation
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
10
Economic Crisis
• Florida’s guess about this one: change will
be to urban mega-centers as centers of
innovation
 Get innovators together in high-density area
•
•
•
•
•
•
Boston – New York – Washington
Houston – San Antonio – Dallas
Tampa – Orlando – Miami
Greater Chicago
Shanghai – Beijing
Bangalore – Mumbai
 Tough for Detroit except attached to Chicago
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
11
Florida on Detroit
• Spoke in Detroit (2004?)
 We have many resources to become a
destination
•
•
•
•
Several music scenes
Small urban scenes
Wide variety in ecology
Auto plants
 Would require regional cooperation
 Regional cooperation? Are you crazy?
• DB: no money wheel in Detroit
 Money in and out, does not circulate
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
12
Research
• Break down into topic groups
 Research Portfolio discussion
• Turn in self-assessment form
 Chapter 4 and 5 discussion
• Group report – what each person thinks about
sustainability in their area
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
13
Content: Managing the Commons
• “The Tragedy of the Commons” by Garrett
Hardin, 1968 (SOP Pp 115 – 125)
 Article famous in environmental literature
 Applies to almost all topics here
• “Common” – a shared area that people can use
for their own gain
 Original example – common pasture area
 Farmer thought that putting one additional cow to
graze there would degrade pasture a little, but that
farmer would have a whole cow
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
14
Tragedy of the Commons
• A “Common” – a shared area that people
can use for their own gain
 Costs were shared, gains were private
 Hardin thought that additional cows would be
added until pasture destroyed for everyone
 Any common resource would be trashed
• No environmental laws then
• No Green Revolution
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
15
Tragedy of the Commons
• Different types of commons had been
abandoned one after the other
 Food – farmland owned
 Waste – sewage treatment
 Automobiles (no mileage, pollution or safety
standards then, but had to be regulated)
 Factories, insecticide use (now regulated),
fertilizer use (now regulated)
 Pleasure – sound pollution, advertising
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
16
Tragedy of the Commons
• Hardin especially worried about population
 World population 3B 1960, 4B 1974, headed
for 12B
 Thought we would need some kind of control
to prevent overpopulation
 “Mutual Coercion Mutually Agreed Upon”
• Would extend to everything
 Water, fish, energy, global warming, health,
ecosystem, consumption
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
17
Management of the Commons
• Examples found of Commons that had
been successfully managed
 2003 articles in SOP
• “The Struggle to Govern the Commons” Pg 126
• “Social Capital and the Collective Management of
Resources” Pg 142
• “Managing Tragedies” Pg 149
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
18
“Struggle”
• Inshore fisheries had quotas established
and enforced
• 1987 Montreal Protocol on CFCs to
protect ozone
• Difficult if:




3/11/09
Knowledge is incomplete or not shared
Goals not shared
Access is uncontrolled
Locals do not benefit
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
19
“Struggle”
• Works best if several overlapping layers of
control (“nesting”), for example:
 One group assesses number of young of
species
 A second group decides on the catch limits
 A third group enforces the catch limits
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
20
“Social Capital”
• Five types of capital Pg 143
 Natural (ecosystem services)
 Social (value of social systems working by
established relationships)
 Human (knowledge, skills, health, nutrition)
 Physical (buildings, factories, irrigation
systems, etc.)
 Financial (money)
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
21
“Social Capital”
• Social capital necessary for managing a
commons
 All affected groups (“stakeholders”) must be
part
 Education and involvement may be necessary
• Many fishing communities do not believe fisheries
are being depleted even if evidence says they are
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
22
“Managing Tragedies”
• Defining and agreeing on what the
problem is – very important
• So is stakeholder knowledge
• Shared understanding
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
23
Some Experiments
• Ecotourism. Tourists bring money to area,
but must preserve the environment to
keep them coming
• Elephant preservation – killed for ivory
 Numbers declining – kill animal, just take
tusks
 EBay agreed to ban online ivory sales
 Cites (monitors trade in endangered species)
allowed ivory sales for Namibia, Botswana,
Zimbabwe and South Africa
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
24
Some Experiments
• Elephants (continued)
 These countries had protected elephants, had
growing elephant populations
 Sale was protested by International Fund for
Animal Welfare
• To protect fisheries, “catch shares” – each
fisherman owns a portion of the catch, can
trade it, sell it, buy from others, etc.
 Recent survey in Science says this works
 Not being used for largest fisheries
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
25
Writing
•
•
•
•
Small Groups
Answer questions from cards
Answer goes on separate paper
Report is names plus answers
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
26
Writing:
Words That Sound the Same
• More words that sound alike:











3/11/09
perspective Vs prospective
dual Vs duel
conscience Vs conscious
do Vs due
verses Vs versus
site Vs sight
who's Vs whose
feat Vs feet
read Vs reed
vary Vs very
rigor Vs rigger
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
27
Writing:
Explanations
• If you explain a term, name or acronym,
do this the first time you use it. Examples:
 A term not in common use, such as Battery
Electric Vehicle
 Always spell out an acronym
 If you are going to put the title of a book in the
body of your paper, do this the first time you
use it.
 If you are going to describe a person, such as
Riley, either naming this person as the author
of a book, or to describe his/her qualifications
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
28
Writing:
Explanations
• Do not assume that your reader knows an
uncommon piece of information before you
explain it. The explanation comes:
 Before the use
 Possibly later in the same sentence
 At the latest in the very next sentence.
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
29
Writing:
Word Choice
• who Vs whom – which one to use?
• Alternate phrasings, to avoid being
repetitive:
 Nouns: [name e.g. Kennedy], author, writer,
authority, expert, precede with “this”
 Verbs: writes, claims, asserts, points out, tells
us, documents (include an object as in
“documents this”)
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
30
Writing
• Obama is being criticized for overuse of “I”
• Example: “It was an invitation for Michelle
and I.”
• This one should be “Michelle and me.”
• How to tell?
• Try it without “Michelle and”
• “It was an invitation for Michelle and I.”
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
31
Writing:
Joining Words
• Two words used as one adjective
(modifies a noun or another adjective) are
joined with a hyphen (unless the joined
form is a word in its own right).
 Hyphen examples:
•
•
•
•
3/11/09
my recently-purchased computer
my just-refurbished home
a wholly-owned car
a highly-regarded authority
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
32
Writing:
Joining Words
• Two words used as one adjective
(modifies a noun or another adjective) are
joined with a hyphen (unless the joined
form is a word in its own right).
 Non-hyphenated examples:
• every day Vs everyday
o I do this every day
o … my everyday china …
• no where Vs nowhere
o “bridge to nowhere”
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
33
Class
• Discuss sentences on the list.
• I will type corrections under each one and
post on Moodle for your reference.
3/11/09
Senior Seminar W09, Class 9
34