Choroidal Nevus

Choroidal Nevus:
A Review of Prevalence, Features, Genetics, Risks, and Outcomes: Supplementary Information
Jason L. Chien, B.S.
Kareem Sioufi, M.D.
Thamolwan Surakiatchanukul, B.S.
Jerry A. Shields, M.D.
Carol L. Shields, M.D.
Figure 1
Figure 1. Peripheral choroidal nevus (A) with overlying drusen and retinal pigment epithelium fibrous metaplasia, demonstrating echodensity on B-scan
ultrasonography (B).
Figure 2
Figure 2. Two examples of small choroidal nevus appearing as (A) pigmented and (B) non-pigmented tumors. On optical coherence tomography (C) the
pigmented mass was dense with shadowing and (D) the non-pigmented mass was relatively lucent with minimal shadowing.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Small submacular halo choroidal nevus showing central
pigment and yellow halo.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Giant choroidal nevus measuring 14 mm in
diameter and with overlying drusen and retinal pigment
epithelium hyperplasia, atrophy, and fibrous metaplasia.
This lesion has remained stable for over 20 years.
Table 1. Prevalence of choroidal nevus from a population-based study (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008) in the United States:
Grouped by age, sex, and racea
Number of
patients
Male
(n = 2785)
Sex
Female
(n =
2790)
Age, yrs
40-50
50-60
1483
1322
5.0%
3.3%
4.4%
2.9%
0.7
0.7
5.8%
3.7%
0.7%
0.3%
1.3%
2.9%
4.4%
0.0%
0.005
0.04
4.7%
3.1%
60-70
70-80
≥80
1384
915
471
6.5%
6.8%
7.5%
4.4%
6.5%
7.5%
0.2
0.9
0.9
6.3%
7.3%
7.7%
0.9%
0.0%
0.1%
4.1%
5.6%
8.5%
0.8%
1.6%
11.6%
0.002
0.2
0.6
5.4%
6.6%
7.5%
0.07
0.1
n/a
0.08
0.6
0.07
0.08
n/a
n/a
3012
1133
1249
6.2%
1.0%
2.8%
5.2%
0.2%
2.5%
0.4
0.07
0.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.6%
0.6%
2.7%
181
0.5%
3.5%
0.02
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.1%
0.0001
0.0001
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.0%
4.4%
n/a
5.6%
0.6
2.7%
2.1%
n/a
4.7%
P valueb
Race
White
Black
Hispanic
Other
b
P value
Total
5575
P Valueb
White
(n =
3012)
Black
(n =
1133)
Race
Hispanic
(n =
1249)
Other
(n =
181)
P
Valueb
Total
n/a = not available, Other – East Asians, Asian Indians, and non-Hispanic multiracial individuals.
a
Proportions are weighted estimates of US population characteristics, taking into account the sampling design of NHANES.
b
P values are unadjusted and calculated using the Rao-Scott Pearson chi-square test.
Information adapted from a population-based study, Qui M, Shields CL. Choroidal Nevus in the United States Adult Population: Racial Disparities and
Associated Factors in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Ophthalmology 2015;122:2071-2083.
Table 2. Factors predictive of visual acuity loss of 3 or more LogMAR vision lines in 2334 eyes with choroidal nevus from an ocular oncology clinic-based
population by multivariate analysis.
Clinical Factor
Initial visual acuity of 20/50 or worse
(present versus absenta)
Nevus distance to optic nerve
(0 versus > 0 mma)
Nevus distance to foveola
(0 versus > 0 mma)
Nevus thickness
(> 2 versus ≤ 2 mma)
Retinal pigment epithelium
detachment over nevus
(present versus absenta)
Foveal edema
(present versus absenta)
Relative Risk
(95% Confidence Interval)
P
Value
15.40 (6.27-37.84)
0.001
4.52 (1.48-13.76)
0.08
15.52 (5.49-43.88)
0.001
3.89 (1.41-10.70)
0.009
22.16 (4.40-111.65)
0.001
9.02 (2.19-37.13)
0.002
LogMAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution.
a
Reference.
Information adapted from an observational ocular oncology clinic-based series, Shields CL, Furuta M, Mashayekhi A, et al. Visual acuity in 3422 consecutive
eyes with choroidal nevus. Arch Ophthalmol 2007; 125:1501-1507.