Choroidal Nevus: A Review of Prevalence, Features, Genetics, Risks, and Outcomes: Supplementary Information Jason L. Chien, B.S. Kareem Sioufi, M.D. Thamolwan Surakiatchanukul, B.S. Jerry A. Shields, M.D. Carol L. Shields, M.D. Figure 1 Figure 1. Peripheral choroidal nevus (A) with overlying drusen and retinal pigment epithelium fibrous metaplasia, demonstrating echodensity on B-scan ultrasonography (B). Figure 2 Figure 2. Two examples of small choroidal nevus appearing as (A) pigmented and (B) non-pigmented tumors. On optical coherence tomography (C) the pigmented mass was dense with shadowing and (D) the non-pigmented mass was relatively lucent with minimal shadowing. Figure 3 Figure 3. Small submacular halo choroidal nevus showing central pigment and yellow halo. Figure 4 Figure 4. Giant choroidal nevus measuring 14 mm in diameter and with overlying drusen and retinal pigment epithelium hyperplasia, atrophy, and fibrous metaplasia. This lesion has remained stable for over 20 years. Table 1. Prevalence of choroidal nevus from a population-based study (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008) in the United States: Grouped by age, sex, and racea Number of patients Male (n = 2785) Sex Female (n = 2790) Age, yrs 40-50 50-60 1483 1322 5.0% 3.3% 4.4% 2.9% 0.7 0.7 5.8% 3.7% 0.7% 0.3% 1.3% 2.9% 4.4% 0.0% 0.005 0.04 4.7% 3.1% 60-70 70-80 ≥80 1384 915 471 6.5% 6.8% 7.5% 4.4% 6.5% 7.5% 0.2 0.9 0.9 6.3% 7.3% 7.7% 0.9% 0.0% 0.1% 4.1% 5.6% 8.5% 0.8% 1.6% 11.6% 0.002 0.2 0.6 5.4% 6.6% 7.5% 0.07 0.1 n/a 0.08 0.6 0.07 0.08 n/a n/a 3012 1133 1249 6.2% 1.0% 2.8% 5.2% 0.2% 2.5% 0.4 0.07 0.8 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 5.6% 0.6% 2.7% 181 0.5% 3.5% 0.02 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 2.1% 0.0001 0.0001 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 5.0% 4.4% n/a 5.6% 0.6 2.7% 2.1% n/a 4.7% P valueb Race White Black Hispanic Other b P value Total 5575 P Valueb White (n = 3012) Black (n = 1133) Race Hispanic (n = 1249) Other (n = 181) P Valueb Total n/a = not available, Other – East Asians, Asian Indians, and non-Hispanic multiracial individuals. a Proportions are weighted estimates of US population characteristics, taking into account the sampling design of NHANES. b P values are unadjusted and calculated using the Rao-Scott Pearson chi-square test. Information adapted from a population-based study, Qui M, Shields CL. Choroidal Nevus in the United States Adult Population: Racial Disparities and Associated Factors in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Ophthalmology 2015;122:2071-2083. Table 2. Factors predictive of visual acuity loss of 3 or more LogMAR vision lines in 2334 eyes with choroidal nevus from an ocular oncology clinic-based population by multivariate analysis. Clinical Factor Initial visual acuity of 20/50 or worse (present versus absenta) Nevus distance to optic nerve (0 versus > 0 mma) Nevus distance to foveola (0 versus > 0 mma) Nevus thickness (> 2 versus ≤ 2 mma) Retinal pigment epithelium detachment over nevus (present versus absenta) Foveal edema (present versus absenta) Relative Risk (95% Confidence Interval) P Value 15.40 (6.27-37.84) 0.001 4.52 (1.48-13.76) 0.08 15.52 (5.49-43.88) 0.001 3.89 (1.41-10.70) 0.009 22.16 (4.40-111.65) 0.001 9.02 (2.19-37.13) 0.002 LogMAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. a Reference. Information adapted from an observational ocular oncology clinic-based series, Shields CL, Furuta M, Mashayekhi A, et al. Visual acuity in 3422 consecutive eyes with choroidal nevus. Arch Ophthalmol 2007; 125:1501-1507.
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