BLOOD
Indus Pharma
Blood
Blood is a liquid tissue.
z Adult contained blood
5 – 6 Liters
z pH of blood (alkaline)
7.35 – 7.45
Function of Blood
Blood performs two major functions:
z Transport through the body of
o Carry oxygen from the lungs & carbon dioxide to the
lungs
o Carry food molecules (glucose, lipids, amino acids) to
tissue
o Acts as a vehicle for hormones, vitamins & others
chemicals
o Maintains ions balance (e.g., Na+, Ca2+, HCO3-)
o Drainage of wastes products like urea
o Regulate the body temperature
o Regulates blood pressure by changing in volume &
viscosity
z Defense of the body against infections and other foreign
materials through WBCs.
Composition of Blood
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
These are the most numerous cells in the blood and
contain a substance called Hemoglobin, which give
them red color and makes up about 35% of its
weight.
RBC’s has diameter
7.5 µm
Women contain RBC’s 4.8 million/mm3
Men contain RBC’s
5.4 million/mm3
Average life of RBC’s
120 days
They are flexible and able to pass through the
capillaries
z Red blood cells are responsible for the transport of
oxygen and carbon dioxide
z
z
z
z
z
Haemoglobin
Quantity of Haemoglobin
z Male
13-18 gm/100ml of blood
z Female
11.5-16.5gm/100mlblood
z Children (1 y) 11-13 gm/100ml of blood
z Children
(10-12yrs)
11.5-14.5 gm/100ml of blood
Anemia?
Anemia means either Red Blood Cells are
low or the amount of Hemoglobin in the
RBC’s is low.”
Anemia is also defined as hemoglobin concentration
< 10 g/dl
What causes anemia
Iron deficiency is the most
leading cause of anemia
worldwide
Other Causes are?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Multifetal pregnancy
Deficient absorption e.g. achlorhydria
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Bleeding in pregnancy
Folic acid deficiency
Use of antifolate drugs
Certain pathologies like malignant disease with
increased cell turnover, hemolysis, inflammatory
disease etc
Prevalence of Anemia
Types of Anaemia
There are several different types of anaemia, each with a
specific cause and treatment, including the following:
Iron-Deficiency Anaemia: Anaemia caused by lack of iron in
red blood cells
Megaloblastic (Pernicious) Anaemia: Where an inability to
absorb vitamin B12 prevents the production of red blood cells
and damages the spinal cord
Anaemia Of Folate Deficiency: Lack of folic acid can cause
anaemia, and it can be caused by alcoholism
Hemolytic Anaemia: Anaemia caused by the destruction of
red blood cells
Iron Deficiency & Anaemia
 Iron deficiency is defined
as a decreased total iron
body content.
 Iron deficiency anemia
occurs when iron
deficiency is sufficiently
severe to diminish
erythropoiesis and cause
the development of
anemia.
Impact of Anemia
Negative effects on work capacity and Qol.
Negative effects on motor and mental
development in infants, children, and
adolescents.
Maternal iron deficiency anemia might cause
3 fold risk of low birth weight and preterm
delivery
Five fold greater risk of maternal death.
 * CDC: October 2002
Causes of Iron Deficiency
(a) Decreased iron intake,
(b) Increased iron loss from the body
(c) Increased iron requirements.
Iron Daily Loss
 Each day 0.5 to 1.0mg of iron is lost in
the faeces, urine and sweat.
Daily Requirements:1020mg
Adult male absorbs and loses about 1 mg of
iron daily.
Childbearing female loses an average of 2
mg of iron daily.
 A woman loses about 500 mg of iron with
each pregnancy.
Menstrual losses are highly variable,
ranging from 10-250 mL (4-100 mg of iron)
per period.
Iron Daily Requirement
Children
4 to 10 mg
Adolescence
10 to 20 mg
Menstruating women
7 to 20 mg
Pregnancy & Lactation
20 to 48 mg
Men & Menopausal
women
5 to 10 mg
Iron Polymaltose complex
The iron Polymaltose complex is a water
soluble macromolecular complex of
iron .
Size: molecular mass of 52300 Daltons..
Ü This molecule is so large that diffusion
through the membrane of the mucosal
cells is about 40 times smaller than the
one for the Ferrous salts.
Ü The complex is stable and does not
release ionic iron under physiologic
conditions.
Structure of IPC molecule
Folic Acid
z The minimal daily requirement is about
100mcg. The need for this is vitamin more
than double during pregnancy.
z Folic acid may prevent certain birth
defects if taken before conception and in
the early months of pregnancy
• Prophylactic folic acid (400mcg daily) is
recommended for all women planning a
pregnancy.
Folic Acid
z Prevents Birth Defects
• Research has shown that by
maintaining an adequate intake of Folic
acid, a women in her childbearing years
may reduce
z the risk of conceiving a baby with the
birth defects. That’s why, “U.S public
Health Service is recommending a daily intake of
z
Folic acid for all women capable of becoming
pregnant, regardless of when they plan to do so”
Indofer Plus provides
z Each tablet of Indofer plus contains
350mcg folic acid, sufficient to meet daily
requirements of Folic Acid.
Indofer Tablet
HEMOVIT
z Available as,
Hemovit
Available as,
At most economical price
Rs. 2.10/Cap
fulfilling the motto,
Untoward effects of iron
preparations
• Iron preparations mostly affects the motility of gastrointestinal
tract, as a result of which either cause diarrhea or
constipation but “HEMOVIT” because of
its “SUSTAINED RELEASE GRANULES”
releases the drug slowly at its site
resulting in:
• maximum absorption
• long-term safety benefits
• no diarrhea and constipation
It has been quoted
The best preparation among ferrous salts
is Ferrous Sulphate which absorbs best
when the patient is fasting” Ref: Parveen Kumar. Clinical
Medicine. Hematological diseases. Pg. # 362
Dosage
The elemental iron produced by 200 mg
of ferrous sulphate is 60mg. HEMOVIT
contains 150mg ferrous sulphate which
provides approx. 47mg of elemental iron,
so
1 capsule daily is enough to meet the iron
requirements (between 20 to 48mg)
required during pregnancy and lactation”
Additional benefits of
Hemovit
Besides Iron and Folic acid, HEMOVIT also
contains:
Vitamin C
Vitamin B Complex
Folic Acid
Price comparison
S.NO.
PRODUCTS
M.R.P/CAP
Rs.
1.
2.
HEMOVIT
OTHERS
2.10
2.70
Munawar Shah
[email protected]
KPK Pakistan
Shared by a member of NidoKidoS Group
Subscribe by email | Visit website | Join our Forum
*Nidokidos is just sharing this file.
all rights are reserved by the respective authors of this presentation.