2015
Game My Village
INTERIM REPORT
SINERGANTARA
MAIN OFFICE | Jl. Kawung Ungu No. 24, Bandung, Jawa Barat - Indonesia
Daftar Isi
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... 0
Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 2
A.
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 4
B.
Implementation and Achievements of Activities............................................... 8
C.
Evaluation and Learning .................................................................................... 14
D.
Conclusion and Recommendation ...............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Executive Summary
Law no 6/2014 on Village, recently enacted in Indonesia, is a progress for village
development. In this Law, villages are given more autonomy than they had. The
autonomy includes developing village-level regulations, village development plan,
budget allocation, and regulations that concern governance and development of village.
It gives great expectation to village community for responding and addressing their
village problems quicker, as well as for using their potentials. However, there are still
many challenges to face; as immediate addressing or anticipation to these challenges
may prevent problems from getting more severe and big resources transferred to
villages from being waste. Some of these important challenges are: (1) village apparatus’
capacity of management and state administration is low, (2) village government does
not have good data collection and database system that can be used for development
planning, (3) village government does not have enough experience in managing state
budget for development and public services.
Sinergantara considers the challenges as basic and urgent needs. To address the
challenges, SInergantara develops instrument that can facilitate government and
community in planning development in the form of computer program. It includes open
data platform and village mapping and planning application. These programs facilitate
mapping and data collecting of village objects, documentation process, and village
development updating process, as well as strengthen community involvement.
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A. Introduction
Background
Enactment of Law no. 6/2014 on Village, known as Law on Village, grows optimism and
expectation on village self-reliance. Among other things, one that emerge optimism,
spirit, and hope on village self-reliance is that Block Grant is given to village government
in relatively big amount, which reach 1 billion rupiah per village per year. The big
amount of fund for village is allocated for administration routine operation, public
services, community empowerment, and development of physical facilities and
infrastructures in village.With relatively big budget allocation for village, village
government and community can decide what items should be given budget allocation
and implemented.
This is of course a huge opportunity for village government and community to improve
or build village infrastructures that can encourage or improve economic mobility, as well
as to allow people to access basic public services –particularly education and health.
Village government and community may also strengthen self-reliance through village
economic strengthening and citizen capacity improvement programs to access economic
opportunities, health and education services, use village potentials, etc. Also it allows
them to develop technology innovation that is suitable for village condition and
potentials.
This condition is very different from village development condition before Law on Village
was issued. Before, village government and community had opportunity to make
program proposals or plans, however, the execution would not happen until they got
allocation from Local Budget. The change makes village development planning and
monitoring processes very influential in village life. All decisions on village development
can be made and decided in village forum.
On one hand, Law on Village gives opportunity and hope for village self-reliance. On the
other hand, it gives challenges and issues to anticipate. The challenges and problems
relate to, among other things, capacity of village management and administration, as
well as database, to support development planning. Village management and
administration is challenged because they do not have experience in managing huge
funds and hold responsibility of it as according to state’s financial accountability system.
Database is important, even crucial because most villages do not have database that is
managed well, easily accessible for usage, and updated continuously so that it can
provide valid information for development planning process. Without good database,
large amount of funds will be difficult to be used optimally for village’s self-reliance.
Considering the opportunities and challenges for village’s self-reliance, Sinergantara
views the need for tool that can help village government and community to understand
village problems, make village planning that suits their needs, monitor program
implementation and financial administration, and repot village budget expenditures. To
address the needs, Sinergantara develops ICT-based platform that support some
functions in village development planning and implementation, namely: (1) saving,
managing, and updating data, (2) providing data and information reference that canbe
viewed together in planning process, (3) giving information on village condition as a
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whole and condition of village’s vital objects to decide important issues that need
solution through village programs, (4) other functions, include documenting decision,
budget allocation balance that measures village budget which can be used for execution
of village’s programs/plans.
This platform is called “Game My Village”. Game My Village (GMV) is developed as an
instrument to help village development process, particularly in village planning process.
The program is expected to make village government and citizens easier in:
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Decision-making system in village discussion forum that gives as much as
possible opportunity for village citizens to express their needs.
Mechanism in village development planning process that ensures up-to-date
data are used as basis of decision making in village forum.
Village data collection system that allows village data to be collected up to date
and sufficient, and that the data-collection can be conducted anytime.
Therefore, the data can be used as basis for decision making in village
development.
Village development plans implementation management model that is
monitorable easily, including monitorable for public, to encourage effectiveness
of the plans.
Brief Description of Game My Village
This project titled “Providing ICT Application to Facilitate Participatory Planning and
Budgeting Process by Using Spatial Game Approach”. Details of this project are:
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This project builds ICT application called“Game My Village Participatory Planning
and Budgeting”. The application is connected to real-time budget data base
from Local Budget that is allocated to a village, and connected to village’s spatial
data that is prepared previously. The application is then called “Game My
Village”.
Game My Village is a simulation game connected to real data (budget, village
personnel, spatial data, village condition, etc.)
Game my Village allows its players to simulate their village development by
using available resources and visualization on real condition.
In this project, Game My Village will be implemented as a simulation and
visualization tool of village planning and budgeting. With this simulation and
visualization method, village citizens and stakeholders involved in the process
are expected to be able to see how far the plan can be implemented and
financed. Also, the game approach is expected to stimulate ideas and
imagination of the actors on building their village.
The innovation is possible because the game application development is possible, as
well as development of village spatial data and budget information access in Indonesia.
Developingvillage spatial data is helped by availability of tools, namely available ICT
applications and PRA (participatory rural appraisal) that NGOs often use.
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There are some conditions that drive the innovation, such as:
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Participatory planning and budgeting in Indonesia is often criticized as merely a
formality of development process.
It occurs because, among other things, citizens involved in the process often do
not have understandable information on their village condition, limited
availability of budget, external situation that influences, technical aspects of
village development, and many more.
Citizens often do not have tools to understand interconnectivity among aspects
in village development (such as budget, spatial condition, demography,
potentials, opportunities, external threats, etc.), thus they do not generate
ideas/imagination on village development condition as expected.
Planning and budgeting process often becomes formality and unattractive
process. Village youths often do not find it attractive, despite that they have
potentials of building ideas and commitment for change in their village.
All of these occur because there are no tools for discussion forum process that
can give visualization, simulation, and inspiration for forum participants.
Objectives
General objective of this innovation is to help improving quality of village-level
participatory planning and budgeting process and improving inclusiveness of the
participatory process by making the process more attractive, interactive, and inspire.
Specific objectives of the innovation:
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Providing game-based tool (Game My Village) that is inclusive for simulation and
visualization in village planning and budgeting process.
Improving capacity of village-level participatory planning and budgeting actors
by giving them room for making analysis on various aspects/components of their
village condition easily by using the Game My Village tool.
Improving inclusiveness of village-level participatory planning and budgeting and
making the process more attractive, interactive, and inspiring.
Expected Result / Output:
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More attractive participatory planning and budgeting process and ability of the
process to produce better development plan (tested development plan standard
will be used to evaluate the result).
Participatory planning and budgeting process becomes more inclusive and
dynamic, as more heterogeneous groups are involved, particularly youth groups
that previously are not involved in the process.
Game My Village tool is produced. The tool can be developed to facilitate
participatory planning and budgeting process in various sites.
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Innovation aspect
Innovation of this proposal is that: using ICT for strengthening public participation by
game approach is a new approach in Indonesia. We choose the game approach because
it can bridge idea exchange process in forum in a more interactive and inspiring way.
Details of the innovation are:
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Building data base on village budget allocation and potential and problem
mapping of village, and then connecting the data with computer game
application.
Introducing visualization and simulation method in village planning and
budgeting forum, so that participants can discuss easier and generate ideas for
their village development.
Making computer game application a tool for the visualization and simulation.
Using Game My Village application, village plan-making process can be carried out as if
playing a game. Both Game My Village application and facilitator can maintain the
process, so that in this game approach process, participants are serious and focused in
doing village planning process.
Target Group:
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Village citizens who can use tools directly and participate facilitation; about 100
people in every village. This program carried out activities in 2 villages, thus
target group members from village citizen are 200 people.
Village citizens in 2 villages where the initiative will be implemented; about 1000
people.
Village government and local government where the initiative will be
implemented.
Women group (50 people), youth group (50 people), NGO (50 people) and press (50
people) in regencies where the initiative will be implemented.
B. Implementation and Achievements of Activities
In general, activities of this program can be categorized into four, namely: (1)
Development of Software/Program, (2) Dissemination and Introduction of Program to
Local Government and Village Government, (3) Data Collection and Mapping of Village
Objects, (4) GMV Implementation Testing in Village Discussion Forum, and (5) Refining
and Developing GMV.
B.1. GMV Application Development
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Development of software is carried out in 3 phases, namely: (a) development of GMV
design, (b) development of GMV software, and (c) expose GmV in program internal
team. Details of the activity phase are described below:
1.a. Making design of GMV. The concept is made in series of discussion in Bandung in
July to September 2014. This activity connects linkage between activities and outputs
displayed in GMV menu, and tools and analysis that have to be included in the platform.
1.b. Development of GMV software.Development of software is carried out from
August to September 2014. Progress of this software development is consulted to
government of Bojonegoro Regency. There are two programs developed here, namely:
GMV platform and digital mapping application with Gtrack.
1.c. Consultation to regency government and village government. Consultation with
Bojonegoro Regency government is carried out in September 2014. This consultation is
to discuss options of display model and necessary menus. From this consultation, display
and village objects on map are agreed. Example of the agreed display is shown below:
Game My Village Application
Picture 1. Display Aplikasi GMV
The GMV application can be visited and used inwww.gmv2.net.
B.2. Mapping and Data Collection with Gtrack Application
- Field Mapping
Mapping and data collection are carried out in 2 phases, namely: first, identification of
vital objects in village, and second, taking pictures of village objects that are already
registered and identified using GTrack application installed in smartphone. The
application automatically records location of cellular phone brought by the mapping
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team, and then uploads them to site www.gmv2.net/survey. Pictures of locations that
are point of interest in the villages are taken and added with specific information, such
as location name, type, and condition. The pictures are then automatically uploaded to
the same site. The mapping and data collection are carried out in October 2014 in 4
villages in Bojonegoro Regency. They are:NgringinrejoVillage in Kalitidu sub-district,
NapisVillage in Tambakrejo sub-district, Duwel Village in Kedungadem sub-district, and
KlampokVillage in Kapas sub-district. In Kendal Regency, the mapping is carried out in
February 2015.
The mapping and data collection have produced these outputs:
-
Village’s secondary data collected by surveyor
Pictures of village objects uploaded to GMV platform using GTrack application. They
can be accessed online in www.gmv2.net/survey
Village’s digital map equipped by pictures and data on village’s vital objects.
Pictures of village’s vital objects that are categorized into sectors.
Picture 2.Head of Ngringinrejo Village Conducts Mapping of Star FruitPlantation Using
GTrack
- Review of Mapping Result. Review of mapping result is participated by 7 team
members from Sinergantara and 2 field-mapping implementers of Bojonegoro
Institute. This review is conducted to: (1) see completeness of object data that is
mapped, (2) see picture quality and information of objects uploaded in GmV, (3)
decide category of object condition, and (4) decide display icon that represents type
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and condition of object. Results of this activity include: GMV platform, that already
includes village data, is categorized, and ready for being material of village forum.
Picture 3. Village mapping with Gtrack at Gondang Village Kendal
B.3. Piloting of Using GMV in Village Forum
Piloting of using GMV in village forum is carried out after GMV Application is filled in
with categorized village object data and equipped with display menus that match to
village planning documents. Piloting of GMV usage in Village Forum is carried out for 8
days, that is from 18 to 25 November 2014. Some activities are conducted in this
process, namely: (1) technical coordination of piloting with Information and Commission
Service, (2) facilitation of Pra-Musrenbang (pre development planning forum) in 4
villages, and (3) evaluation and local consultation.
Ad 1. Technical coordination of piloting implementation involves two meetings; first,
meeting of Sinergantara and BI with Information Commission (18thNovember 2014)
andsecond, meeting with village government in Information Commission (19thNovember
2014). This meeting is to ensure preparedness of testing implementation in each village.
This meeting produced agreed schedule of testing implementation, preparation of
village team, preparation of location, and invitation of village citizens. The agreed
schedule produced by this meeting:
1.
2.
3.
4.
20thNovember 2014 in Ngringinrejo Village, Kalitidu Sub-District
21stNovember 2014 in Napis Village, Tambakrejo Sub-District
24thNovember 2014 in Duwel Village, Kedungadem Sub-District
25thNovember 2014 in Klampok Village, Kapas Sub-District
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Picture 4. Coordination with government officials to prepare Pramusren with GMV
Ad 2. Facilitation of Pra-Musrenbang in 4 Villages
According to agreed schedule from the 19th November 2014 coordination meeting, the
piloting pre-Musrenbang that uses GMV will be carried out in this order: in Ngringinrejo,
Napis, Duwel, and lastly, in Klampok. Piloting of Pre-Musrenbang in 4 villages is
participated by Program Implementer Team from Sinergantara and Bojonegoro
Institute, village government, and community. Participants from village government and
community are:
No
1
Village
Ngringinrejo
2
Napis
3
Duwel
4
Klampok
Participant
Village Head, Village Secretary, 4 Head of Affairs, PKK (family
welfare unit) and Posyandu (local health center), Karang Taruna
(village youth organization). Total participants are 32, consists of
12 women and 20 men.
Village Head, Village Secretary, 4 Head of Affairs, Sub-village
Head, Head of RT and RW (neighborhood units), Karang Taruna
(village youth organization). Total participants are 28, all men.
Women participants are representatives of Information
Commission.
Village Head, Village Secretary, 4 Head of Affairs, Sub-village
Head, Head of RT and RW (neighborhood units), Karang Taruna
(village youth organization), PKK, and PNPM (national program for
people empowerment) facilitator. Total participants are 35
people, consists of 25 men and 6 women.
Village Head, Village Secretary, 4 Head of Affairs, Sub-village
Head, Head of RT and RW (neighborhood units), Karang Taruna
(village youth organization). Total participants are 21 people,
consists of 17 men and 4 women.
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Facilitation of Piloting GMV Piloting
In general, the workshop/simulation process runs well by this flow:
1. Orientation, which includes opening from Information Commission and
Sinergantara, and introduction of all participants and facilitator team.
2. Brief explanation on Game My Villageand the difference from conventional
method in forum process.
3. Main facilitator begins the forum process with dreamifymethod, and asks all
participants to build collective dream on their village in the future. Every
participant writes down their dream on a piece of paper, and then facilitator finds
similar dreams and writes them down in white board. After that, facilitator helps
participants to formulate collective visions from the dreams.
4. Main facilitator and participants decide one vision/dream to be example in
simulation of the forum that usesGame My Village.
5. Technical facilitator begins to be involved in forum and explains more detailed on
Game My Village application displayed on screen (via projector or television
monitor).
6. Facilitator guides and facilitates participants to express suggestions on their village
development using Game My Village. In this process, every discussion result is
recorded and displayed in real time in Game My Village application by Technical
Co-facilitator.
7. Every program/activity proposed is discussed thoroughly, for example its location
and required cost is discussed and agreed, although not in details.
Picture 5. Facilitation Pramusren with GmV
Results of Piloting
1. Game My Village application is successfully used in simulation of village
development planning forum process
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2. Game My Village (application and the whole process) can improve enthusiasm and
participation of community in village development planning process.
3. Participants (community) understand the forum process using Game My Village
4. Participants can understand their village condition more comprehensively
5. Participants can express their opinions for their village development
B.4. Composing Manual of Game My Village
The manual aims at giving step-by-step guideline for community on using GMV in village
planning. Composing the manual is completed in December 2015. The manual
composition is carried out in few phases:
1 Making outline and system of module as based on components and phases in building
GMV application system, as well as synchronizing it with objective/target/benefit of
the module;
2 Following and recording all core activities of GMV development;
3 Analyzing every component of GMV application development and translating it into
flow and process of activities that have been/are implemented;
4 Elaborating result of activity process into writing in module and equip it with
flowchart and documentation of activities;
In January 2015, GMV manual is written, designed, and ready for printing. It consists of 3
application components of Game My Village, namely: [1] Module of Participatory Digital
Data-Collection; [2] Module Of GMV Facilitation, And [3] Module Of GMV Application
Usage.
Picture 6. Training Module on GMV
B.5. Workshop and Training on GMV
Workshop and training on GMV is to improve capacity of Program Implementer Team at
local level and Village Assistants, as well as to collect feedbacks from experience and
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direct interaction with village government and community. The workshop and training
was implemented in Bojonegoro on 16 – 17 February 2015. It was participated by
Sinergantara team (5 people), Bojonegoro implementer team (6 people), and Kendal
implementer team (2 people). Agenda of the event includes: (1) Review on Village
Forum facilitation process, (2) Discussion on standard facilitation process as based on
GMV manual, (3) Training on forum facilitation technique using GMV, and (4)
Formulating Action Plan of GMV program until June 2015.
The workshop and training produced some agreements on process flow of GMV and
action plan. It is agreed some improvements for process flow of GMV, namely: (1) forum
is conducted 2 times, and (2) dreamify process is started by orientation of village map,
so that village community understand well village map of where they live. Detailed
agreement is as follows:
Survey and Mapping
Forming
Team,
training
on
mapping,
mapping,
checking
mapping result.
Field mapping
Dreamify
village map orientation, dream of
future village with ideal pictures,
formulation of dream of future
village
Discussion Forum 1
Understanding village’s vital
objects
Displaying object photos in map,
discussing status of village object
condition.
Discussion Forum1
Discussing
issues
Brainstorming of village problems
and identification of village’s main
issues
Discussion Forum1
Solution list as based on problems
Discussion Forum1
Formulation
of
activity
proposal as based on
solution
Proposal list
Discussion Forum 2
Decision on which proposals
are accepted
List of accepted proposals and can
be viewed in balance budget
Discussion Forum2
Village’s
Discussing
solutions
village problems
Main
on
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Picture 7. Training and workshop to Improve GMV
B.6. Program Outputs and Outcomes
The abovementioned activities produce these products as outputs:
1. Digital products
- Digital Mapping “Gtrack” application
- “Game My Village” application, which includesonline andoffline application
2. Modules
- Module of Participatory Digital Mapping/Data Collection
- Module ofGame My Village Facilitation
- Module ofGame My Village Application Usage
3. Village Government and Village Team Revenues
Program outcomesachieved by the activities are:
1. Data visualization and gamification method used in Game My Villagehelps
community to understand more about their village, namely the potentials and
problems of their village.
2. Gamification method offered by Game My Villageapplication can build community
awareness on the importance of village development planning process.
3. Discussion process offered by Game My Village can improve forum atmosphere to
lively one, thus improve community participation level in development planning
process.
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C. Evaluation and Learning
Referring to field progress and interaction with program stakeholders and actors related
to village development, analysis on GMV program can be conducted on 4 aspects,
namely: (1) on GMV as platform and application developed for village development
planning, (2) on GMV usage in village development planning forum, (3) on relation of
village government and regency government of program implementation location, and
(4) on response from actors from out of program area to GMV.
Ad 1. Evaluation on GMV
Initially, we wanted to make strong gamification. On the course of this program, villages
turn out to need planning tool more than gamification. Gamification is shown less
because the application prioritizes the villages’ needs. Initially, we wanted to make a
more universal system. However, villages demand that all instruments in village
regulation can be accommodated in this platform. Therefore, the platform development
makes ongoing instrumental adjustments to suit their needs.
As a platform for village planning, GMV is considered complete. It will be improved
when available facilities are used and content is filled in. When results of mapping,
problem identification, proposal prioritization, and planning and budgeting results are
inputted, GMV is considered complete as platform.
In its interaction with challenges and needs of village development, village government
is identified to expect GMV to be more than a planning tool; but also a tool for
monitoring and village development implementation reporting. Therefore, we develop
GMV to be a platform that accommodates monitoring process. One of future
improvements will be the timeline, in which photos taken in different time will be
displayed by computer in time order.
Picture 8. Developmentprocess from: planning, implementation, monev until
responsibility reporting
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Ad 2. Evaluation on Development Planning Process
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-
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-
-
GMV is acknowledged to be able to help participants in planning process, in which
participants can see real condition of village displayed as photos of village objects on
digital map. Forum participants can see village condition via map and real objects is
a new approach.
There are obstacles with gamification approach for planning process, because village
does not involve many people in planning process. Although participative, planning
process still tends to be forum of presentation of planning made by village head.
In program planning process, stakeholders just realized that available village data is
minimal. This is admitted by village head. Considering this, program’s initial priority
is changed into data collecting.
Forum participants are not yet accustomed to participative method; they are not
accustomed to making proposals. Although they understand objects in display map,
they are not encouraged or brave enough to express their aspiration or suggestion.
One example is the condition during making decision of which program proposal
priority to be executed.
Involvement of women in 3 villages is high, however, women involvement in one
remote village (Napis Village) is very low. It can be concluded that villages that have
better access and proximity to urban area may have higher women participation
rate.
Ad 3. Evaluation on Relation with Government
Regency government shows positive response since the beginning. Bojonegoro Regency
government supports this program by allocating budget for implementing the platform.
Relation with bureaucracy, particularly Information Commission, is positive. However,
there is a note. Information Commission is only at providing technology for community;
they do not enter the substance of development planning yet. Their substantial
involvement can be improved.
Law on Village, as a new regulation in Indonesia that gives discretion to villages to make
their own decision, is apparently not understood completely yet by officials of regency
and village levels. In field level, government still encourages GMV to accommodate old
regulations, for example, that villages should be responsible to upper-level government.
Therefore, GMV development efforts are often drawn to accommodating these
demands.
On the other hand, there is a bright light. In addition to being regarded as village
development planning tool, GMV is considered potential for monitoring tool. Regency
government officials view GMV as potential for top-down monitoring tool. It means that
village object in image data can be used by regional head to monitor progress of village
development.
Ad 4. Responses from Actors from Out of Program Area
Some stakeholders from out of program area respond GMV positively. They include:
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- Regent of Garut (in West Java Province) sees GMV as potential tool for helping underdeveloped villages in Garut. This official expresses his wish, formally, to use GMV in 10
villages in Garut Regency.
- Bandung Municipal is interested to use GMV as monitoring tool for development at
neighborhood-government units. GMV is already piloted in one of the neighborhood
unit, namely in Dago Pojok. Result of this piloting is presented in Asia Afrika Smart City
forum in Bandung and Forum Musrenbangnas(national development planning forum) in
Jakarta.
Picture 9. GMV exhibited in the booth of Bandung city government
D. Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
1. Game My Village (GMV), as an application for facilitating village development
planning participatively, has been developed and usable. Game My Village
consists of web-based software application (can be accessed in www.gmv2.net),
module of village digital data collection, and module of forum facilitation.
2. Implementation of village development planning using GMV has been carried
out in 4 villages in Bojonegoro Regency. GMV implementation in a village of
another regency, namely Kendal Regency, is still ongoing. In every
implementation of GMV, participants attending the activities including village
heads, village staffs, citizens, and members of village parliament.
3. In these four villages, discussion process in village development planning forum
is considered good. GMV allows discussion process to run more smoothly.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
However, viewed from procedural side, it needs improvement to make the
forum be able to produce complete village development proposal documents.
Because village development planning process facilitation with GMV is only
producing sporadic suggestions/proposals, it needs synchronization with
broader development plan from upper level of government.
Village development planning with participative approach, albeit being
mandated by Law, is very weak in implementation. Participative process in
village development process at 4 villages of program area is merely procedural.
This influences Game My Village implementation. Village apparatus and
community, who are not accustomed to participative approach, cannot accept
GMV quickly.
Referring to that, participative atmosphere is not yet built within village
development planning discussion process. GMV tool may help in some extent,
such as improving participants’ –especially village citizens’- enthusiasm.
However, when participants from village government remind them that
community proposals need to comply with previous development plans, the
participation seems to stop.
For upper-level government (in this case, district/regency level), GMV
application attracts their attention. The interesting parts are particularly in data
collecting, in which community members collect data by taking photos, and
massive amount of data visualization. They are particularly interested in GMV as
monitoring tool, instead of participatory planning tool. They view GMV as being
able to make effective monitoring on villages. Therefore, some regional heads
(out of program areas) express their wish to monitor public services using GMV,
because GMV can accommodate community reports by allowing image-based
evidences –in this case, photos of public service objects.
Gamification aspect in Game My Village cannot be explored maximal yet in
village development for . Presumption of GMV is that participants from village
community may compete with each other to fight for their proposals, including
fighting for the budget allocation. GMV method will facilitate the competition.
However, the fact is that the presumption does not occur. Forum participants do
not compete hard to win their proposals. Series of meetings in the villages show
that village citizens and government regard GMV a tool that displays basic
objects to develop village plan.
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