Monitoring of CBRN Mainstreaming
Dr. Saurabh Dalal
NDMA
ABC
1950
NBC
1980
CBRN/ E
2000
POLICY
CBRN
DEFENCE
CIVIL
UN resolution on CBRN threat
UN Security Council Resolution 1540, adopted in 2004, "affirms that the
proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their
means of delivery constitutes a threat to international peace and
security" and calls on signatory nations "to refrain from supporting by
any means non-state actors from developing, acquiring, manufacturing,
possessing" such materials and delivery systems. The resolution
indicates the heightened threat perception about CBRN terrorism.
Scenarios
Orphan Sources
Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi released the National
Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) on 01.06.2016.
The NDMP also focusses on roles and responsibilities which all
stakeholders have to play in case of any CBRN eventuality.
The need of Preparedness , Mitigation and Capacity Building for
CBRN is adequately emphasised.
NDMA SECTOR SPECIFIC GUIDELINES
AREA
NODAL AGENCY /
MINISTRY
STAKEHOLDERS
Chemical
Chemical (Industrial)
Disasters Ministry of Environment
Forests & Climate
Change (MOEFCC)
Chemical (Terrorism)
Disasters - MHA
MoEFCC, DMI Bhopal,
CPCB, DRDE,
DGFASLI,NCDC
Biological
MoHFW
(Medical
Countermeasures for
Biological Disasters)
MHA
(Bioterrorism)
MoHFW, NCDC , DRDE
Radiological / Nuclear and
Nuclear
Radiological
Emergencies.- MHA /
DAE –Dept. of Atomic
Energy as nodal Dept.
DAE, AERB ,BARC
Why CBRN Mainstreaming ?
Risk profile of CBRN agents is on increase globally both
in civilian use and in Malicious activities due to
Increasing Technological and Scientific capability in
peaceful and military uses.
Increasing availability of dual use CBRN agents.
Easy convertibility of simple lab chem. to lethal one.
Easy availability of Bio-agents.
Why it is difficult to mainstream CBRN?
Though Sendai Frameworks’ targets and indicators apply as such to CBRN also.
But for this….
 Details of CBRN hazards is to be known in public domain to develop a proper
mainstreaming,
Which is difficult because….
 Data on mortality & morbidity available only for the events occurred in civilian
activities and not due to military usage and terrorism.
 CBRN being strategic assets, details of their stock, storage & security are not
revealed, making quantifiable threats difficult to estimate.
and…
CBRN / WMD Fallacies
• It can’t happen to us.
• WMD materials are so deadly the victims
will all die anyway.
• There is nothing we can do.
WMD – Weapons of Mass Destruction.
CBRN Threat Profile v/s Impact
BIOLOGICAL
AGENT
NUCLEAR
WEAPON
IMPROVISED
NUCLEAR
DEVICE
POTENTIAL
IMPACT
RADIOACTIVE
MATERIAL
RDD & RED
CHEMICAL AGENT
OR TOXIC
INDUSTRIAL
CHEMICAL
BLAST EVENT
EXPLOSION
PROBABILITY/LIKELIHOOD OF USAGED
Huge killing
capacity but
are hard to
Acquire.
Easy to
acquire and
good killing
capacity
Both: Huge
killing
capacity Easy to
acquire.
RADIOLOGICALNUCLEAR
CHEMICAL
MILD
SEVERE
SEVERE
ENVIRONMENT
SEVERE
SEVERE
MILD
PROPERTY
SEVERE
MODERATE
MILD
LIFE
BIOLOGICAL
Comparative Mortality due to major CBRN incidences
(1968-2016) worldwide.
Type of
Emergency
Chemical
No of Incidences
Mortalities
1373
45586
Biological
(Epidemics)
1442
243106
Radiation Source
(Related)
132
105
Nuclear
5
30
(Power Plant Related)
NOTE: Does not include any military related CBRN usage
Source: EMDAT/IAEA
Relative Cost of large scale CBRN operation/Sq. km
Sr.
No
Operation with
weapon
Cost
1
2
Conventional
Nuclear
3
Chemical (Nerve
Gas)
Biological
Maximum
Lesser than
Conventional
Lesser than Nuclear
4
Least
Bio-Weapon is called “Poor man’s Nuclear Bomb
CBRN Risk Reduction Measures
• Standardization in safety approach.
• Monitoring systems to detect far below threshold that can
cause harm.
• Security in accessibility.
• Regulatory Aspects.
• Awareness and Capacity Building
Monitoring indicators for mainstreaming of CBRN
• Level of preparation for CBRN agents monitoring preferably on-line
through instruments.
• Level of medical preparedness & availability of antidotes, decorporation
agents, triage procedures.
• Level of capacity building for responders.
• Awareness among the community and medical personnel.
• Level of anti-proliferation measures (i.e., regulations and strict
enforcement and inspection).
• Measures to prevent illegal trafficking through the Point of Entries.
• Level of International Cooperation.
Initiatives by NDMA / GOI for CBRN DRR
DRR Measures
 Mobile Radiation Detection System (MRDS)
 POE (Point of Entry) being equipped with Rad. Monitors
 CBRN Emergency Management Exercise at POE.
 POE training through IHR – International Health regulations Division by
MoHFW.
 Construction of 4 CBRN Medical Centers and 21 District level Centers by
MoHFW.
 Establishing ERCs at DAE facilities and at NDRF.(RN)
 Establishing SHOC at NCDC, New Delhi .(CB)
 Capacity Building at all level.
 Maintain database of trained CBRN experts.
 SOP for of CBRN Medical management for Healthcare facilities.
Way Forward
CBRN incidence can impact routine functions of any entity drastically,
Therefore:
a. Enhance specialized CB for community/NGOs.
b. Introduce CBDM in syllabus with special thrust on CBRN.
c. Develop robust ERCs with GIS based DSS for early warning and integrating it
with IRS.
d. CBRN inventory management & risk prioritization.
e. Trained ERTs and MRTs for CBRN emergencies.
f. Better Documentation / Research on past events.
g. CBRN specialized waste management and
 CBRN security management.
 Encourage CBRN safety culture at all level.
Thanks
Participate in Building
Its all about dealing efficiently with
Man, Material, Microorganisms and Mind