the need to maintain
peace and order, the
necessity of settling
disputes, and the guarantee
of protection from external
danger.
 Inherent in
governing
 To control actions
through diverse
means:
 Brute forces
 Negotiation
 Promise or reward
 Exchange of goods
and services
 Appeal to the
common good
 AUTHORITY COMES
FROM THE FOLLOWING:
 TRADITIONAL
AUTHORITY
 leader which he inherited
from his predecessor.
 CHARISMATIC
AUTHORITY
 depends on his ability to
inspire people to express
his will.
 RATIONAL-LEGAL
AUTHORITY
 the leader rules under
limited length of time,
usually under explicit
limitations set by the
constitution
BAND
TRIBE
STATE
 existed in the hunting and gathering
societies.
 There is neither permanent member
nor leader. Members come and go.
 only organize themselves for the
purpose of doing together the
economic activities.
 30-50 members
also called “acephalus”
meaning “no head.”
“No head” means there is no
central authority which
governs the tribe.
headed by the headman, big
man or chieftain.
number of people occupying a
particular territory having an
organized government and
independent of external
control.
1) Divine Right Theory
2) Social Contract Theory
3) Patriarchal Theory
4) Necessity and Force Theory
5) Economic and Instinctive
Theory
6) Historical or Evolution Theory
 state is
created by
God who has
chosen His
vice-regents
to rule the
earth
State is a
product of
man’s
contract or
covenant.
 state is a mere
extension of
family, family
develops into
clan, clan into
tribe and tribe
into state.
 state is founded
because there are
weak ones who
seek protection
so the strong
ones protect and
rule them in
return.
State is
founded out
of man’s
need for
association
State is a
product of
man’s social
and cultural
development
1) Democracy
2) Totalitarianism
1) Colonialism
 individuals are free,
rational, moral, equal,
and posses certain rights.
 derived from the words
“demos” and “cratos”
meaning “people” and
“rule” respectively.
 democracy means “rule
of the people”
 All functions
are regulated
by the State.
 Education,
economic life,
religion, and
family are all
controlled by
the State.
relationship
of two states,
one strong,
the other
weak
 ACCORDING TO WHOM SOVEREIGNTY RESIDES
Monarchy:
b) Aristocracy or Oligarchy:
c) Democracy:
 ACCORDING TO THE MANNER OF INSTITUTING OFFICIALS
a) Elective:
b) Hereditary:
 ACCORDING TO THE DISTRIBUTION OR CONCENTRATION
OF POWERS
a) Unitary:
b) Federal:
 ACCORDING TO THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE EXECUTIVE
AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
a) Presidential
b) Parliamentary
a)
A government which is
ruled by few privileged
class, whose right arises
from the facts of birth,
wisdom or wealth.