Te Kura Māori o Porirua
Practical Workbook
Science
Simple Chemical Reactions
Name:_______________________________
Class:________________________________
Teacher:______________________________
Practical 1: - Observing Reactions - How do we
know if a chemical reaction is taking place or
not?
Introduction
Chemical reactions between elements and compounds are how new substances
are made. Chemical reactions can be complicated industrial processes or they can
be everyday actions like cooking food and burning fuels.
Chemical changes are different from physical changes of state in some important
ways:
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In a chemical change, new substances are formed.
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In a physical change, the substance stays the same – it just exists in a different
form.
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Chemical changes are very hard , sometimes impossible, to reverse. You
cannot “uncook” a cake or “unburn” a lump of coal.
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Physical changes of state are quite easy to reverse. You can melt ice or
condense steam to get the water back.
Teacher Demo
Heating Iron Wool
How can you tell that this chemical reaction gives out energy?
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How did the reaction start?
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Practical 1: - Observing Reactions - How do we
know if a chemical reaction is taking place or
not?
Equipment
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Test tube rack
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2x test tubes
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Plastic cup
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Lolly stick
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Plaster of paris
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Lemon juice
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Bicarbonate of soda
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Baking powder
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Water
Diagram
(There should be 3 labelled diagrams)
Method
1. Collect plastic cup with plaster of Paris inside and a lolly stick.
2. Add a small amount of water to the plaster of Paris and mix with the lolly
stick. DO NOT get this on your hands! Record your observations in the data
table.
3. Collect test tube rack and test tubes.
4. Add ten drops of lemon juice to the bicarbonate of soda. Record your
observations in the data table.
5. Add ten drops of water to the baking powder. Record your observations in
the data table.
Data
Reaction between
Plaster of Paris and water
Lemon juice and bicarbonate
of soda
Baking powder and water
Observations
Results
(Describing what you observed – make sure you answer the following questions)
•
In which reactions was it easiest to see that a new substance was made?
•
What made it easy to observe?
•
Which reactions gave out heat and which felt cool?
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Which reaction was slowest?
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Conclusion
(Go back to the practical question – How do we know if a chemical reaction has taken
place? – Can you answer this now using the introduction information and the
information from your results?)
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Extension Questions
1. Finish this sentence: In a chemical reaction new ____________________________.
2. Make a list of chemical reactions that take place in everyday life
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3.
On mixing 2 solutions in a beaker, the temperature increased. What does this tell
us about the change taking place?
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Practical 2: - Testing Gases (How can we find out
which gas is which?)
Introduction
Before we start to investigate chemical reactions we need to be able to identify if
any gas is being given off, and if so, what gas is it. This is because most gases are
odourless and invisible.
You will investigate how we test for different gases.
Equipment
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Bunsen burner
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Test tube rack
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Heat proof mat
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3x boiling tubes of Oxygen
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3x boiling tubes of Carbon Dioxide
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3x boiling tubes of Hydrogen
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Lots of splints
Diagrams
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Method
1. Set up Bunsen burner on heatproof mat. Make sure the hole is open on the
Bunsen burner before lighting it. Make sure the safety flame is on at all times
(yellow/orange flame).
2. One person light a splint. Another person has an Oxygen tube ready. When
ready remove the bung off the Oxygen tube and put the lighted splint inside.
Record the observations in the data table.
3. One person light a splint. Another person has an Oxygen tube ready. When
ready blow out the splint, remove the bung off the Oxygen tube and put the
glowing splint inside. Record the observations in the data table.
4. One person collects the limewater. Another person has an Oxygen tube
ready. When ready remove the bung off the Oxygen tube and put a small
amount of limewater inside. Put the bung back on. Record the observations
in the data table.
5. Repeat steps 2 – 4 with the Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide tubes.
Data
Gas
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Lighted Splint Glowing Splint
Limewater
Results
(Describing what you observed)
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Conclusion
(Go back to the practical question – How do we find out which gas is which? – Can
you answer this now using the introduction information and the information from
your results? How would you test for Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide?)
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Practical 3: - Investigating metals and acids (What
reactions take place when acid is mixed with metal?)
Introduction
Even weak solutions of acids can corrode materials, if given enough time. You will
have heard of acid rain. It can attack many metals, and other building materials,
that are left exposed to the rain.
You will investigate the chemical reaction between a metal and an acid.
Equipment
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Test tube rack
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5x test tubes
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Hydrochloric Acid
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Measuring cylinder
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Magnesium
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Zinc
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Copper
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Iron
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Calcium
Test tubes are quite small but
we still need enough acid to
react with the metals – what
size measuring cylinder should
we use: 5ml, 20ml, 50ml or
100ml? Explain your answer
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Diagram
Method
1. Set up Bunsen burner on heatproof mat. Make sure the hole is open on the
Bunsen burner before lighting it. Make sure the safety flame is on at all times
(yellow/orange flame).
2. Measure out 15ml of Hydrochloric Acid in the measuring cylinder.
3. Pour the Hydrochloric Acid into the Magnesium test tube.
4. Test the test tube for gases (see previous experiment).
5. Record observation in data table.
6. Repeat steps 2-5 for the other metals.
Data
Metal
Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Iron
Calcium
Observation
Gas Test
Results
(Describing what you observed)
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Conclusion
(Go back to the practical question – What reactions take place when acid is mixed
with metal? – Can you answer this now using the introduction information and the
information from your last 2 investigations? Is there any pattern?)
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Extension Questions
1. Many metals react with _________________ to produce ________________
gas. We can test this gas with a ________________ splint. The gas burns
with a squeaky __________.
Self Assessment
Check through your work for
lesson 3.
• Complete any work that
is outstanding
• Write 2 things in the stars
that you did well.
• Write 2 things in the
cloud that you could
improve on.
Practical 4: - Investigating metals and water (What
reactions take place when water is mixed with
metals?)
Introduction
You have now investigated the chemical reaction between a metal and an acid.
You will investigate the chemical reaction between a metal and water.
Equipment
•
Test tube rack
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5x test tubes
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Water
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Measuring cylinder
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Magnesium
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Zinc
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Copper
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Iron
•
Calcium
Diagram
Method
1. Set up Bunsen burner on heatproof mat. Make sure the hole is open on the
Bunsen burner before lighting it. Make sure the safety flame is on at all times
(yellow/orange flame).
2. Measure out 15ml of Hydrochloric Acid in the measuring cylinder.
3. Pour the Hydrochloric Acid into the Magnesium test tube.
4. Test the test tube for gases (see previous experiment).
5. Record observation in data table.
6. Repeat steps 2-5 for the other metals.
Data
Draw a data table to record your observations.
Use a pencil and ruler.
Hint: - Look at the data table from the last investigation.
Results
(Describing what you observed)
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Data after being left for a few days
Metal
Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Iron
Calcium
Observation
Gas Test
Conclusion
(Go back to the practical question – What reactions take place when acid is mixed
with metal? – Can you answer this now using the introduction information and the
information from your last 2 investigations? Is there any pattern?)
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Extension Questions
1. What two things does iron have to be protected from to stop it rusting?
2. What is the word equation for the reaction of a metal and steam?
Peer Assessment
Complete any work that is
outstanding
•
•
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Swap your work for
lesson 4 with another
pupil.
Write 2 things in the stars
that they did well.
Write 2 things in the
cloud that they could
improve on.
Practical 5: - Investigating carbonates and acids (Do
all carbonates react with any acid to produce Carbon
Dioxide?)
Introduction
What happens when you open a can of Cola that has been shaken?
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Do you know which gas puts that “fizz” in a fizzy drink?
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It is the same gas as we breathe out . Fizzy drinks are also known as “carbonated”
drinks. The name comes from the carbon dioxide gas dissolved in them.
You will investigate the chemical reaction between different carbonates and
different acids. You will be assessed on this task.
Equipment
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Test tube rack
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1 sidearm test tube with deliver arm
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Hydrochloric Acid
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Sulphuric Acid
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Nitric Acid
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Limewater
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20ml measuring cylinder
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Calcium Carbonate
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Magnesium Carbonate
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Sodium Carbonate
You will only have one test
tube with a side arm to test all
three carbonates three times –
how will you keep the
experiment a fair test? Explain
your answer
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Diagram
Method
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Data
Draw a data table to record your observations.
Use a pencil and ruler.
Hint: - Use the data table from Practical 2 as a template – the headings are
NOT the same! Don’t forget somewhere to record observations as well as
Carbon Dioxide test.
Results
(Describing what you observed – make sure you answer the following questions)
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Conclusion
(Go back to the practical question – Do all carbonates react with any acid to
produce Carbon Dioxide? – Can you answer this now using the introduction
information and the information from your results?)
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Level Ladder
Level 4
Level 5
Level 6
Write a basic method that is bullet pointed.
Attempted to draw appropriate diagrams.
Attempted to draw a data table in pencil with a ruler.
Wrote a brief result section with limited information.
Wrote a conclusion but is not backed up with enough evidence.
Write a detailed method that is bullet pointed.
Drawn suitable diagrams with correct labels.
Drawn a suitable data table in pencil with a ruler.
Wrote a results section with most information needed.
Wrote a conclusion that is backed up with some evidence.
Write a very detailed method that is bullet pointed and clear.
Describe how you made your experiment safe.
Drawn a good data table in pencil with a ruler.
Wrote a results section with all information needed.
Wrote a good detailed conclusion all backed up with good evidence.
Self Assessment
Level of work marked:
Peer Assessment
Name of pupil marking work: - __________________________________________
Level of work marked:
Teacher Assessment
Teacher name:_______________________________________________________
Level of work marked:
Comments:__________________________________________________________
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