IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT
HANDOVER
Title: 21-08-0230-00-mrpm-redefined-scenarios-presentation.ppt
Date Submitted: July 16, 2008
Presented at IEEE 802.21 session #27 in Denver
Authors or Source(s): Behcet Sarikaya (Huawei),
Dennis Edwards (CoCo), Anthony Chan
(Huawei), James Han (Motorola), Michael
Williams (Nokia), Scott Henderson (RIM)
Abstract: Redefined Scenarios Presentation
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Problem Statement
• Multi-mode terminals, an MN with multiple radios, are
increasingly popular. Each MN radio consumes power.
• Each radio interface is independently power managed using
network specific mechanisms. Power management of individual
networks is a policy function.
• Putting all radios in the active state maximizes connectivity and
minimizes response time. Turning off all radios conserves the
most power. The problem is to allow policy to guide an optimal
selection of operational radio interfaces that satisfies
connectivity and latency requirements while minimizing MN
energy consumption.
• No standard, generalized framework exists to coordinate the
power management functions of multiple radios. MN
integrators want such a framework that will incorporate global
network information.
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Battery life for multiple interfaces
without MPRM
A
Off
Deep
sleep
Normal
sleep
Standby
Active
1 interface
Battery life (approximate
only)
Remarks
X hrs
Reference
1 interface
A
Y hrs
Reference
2 interfaces
A,B
W < Y hrs
Lose Y-W hrs of standby mode battery
life
3 interfaces
A,B,C
T < W hrs
Lose Y-T hrs of standby mode battery
life
1 interface
A
Z hours
Reference
2 interfaces
A,B
U < Z hours
Lose Z-U days of sleep mode battery
life
3 interfaces
A,B,C
V < U hours
Lose Z-V days of sleep mode battery
life
>> Z hours
Reference
1 interface
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A
4
Off
Deep
sleep
Normal
sleep
Standby
Active
Battery life for multiple interfaces with
MRPM
A
Active/On
A
B
A
B
X hr
Reference (single interface)
Z > X hrs
B
A
W > X hrs
B
A
X hrs
U hrs
Reference (single interface)
A
B
T>U
2 interfaces
A
B,C
R>T
3 interfaces
S>R
3 interfaces
B,C U hrs
3 interfaces
A
B,C
A
A
sleep
Remarks
Y > X hrs
A
standby
Battery life (approximate only)
Q hr
Reference (single interface)
A
B
P>Q
2 interfaces
A
B,C
M>P
3 interfaces
A
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B,C Q
3 interfaces
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What MRPM Can Do to Help?
• Extend 802.21 to…
• Provide a standard, generalized framework (a set of power saving enablers)
for minimizing multi-radio power consumption by querying and setting the
operating mode of a wireless network interface.
• Provide a set of metrics that allows users of the framework to consider
network throughput and energy consumption as policy inputs.
• Provide a mechanism for using MIH IS network PoA location, coverage
maps and MN location information to conserve power in out of coverage
areas. Such mechanism being also useful to emergency services.
• Provide a conceptual model for implementing Network Radio Proxies that
emulate a radio’s presence on a network while it is turned off.
• Maintain interoperability with and between IEEE 802 and non-802 networks
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MRPM Framework:
Get/Set Radio Operating Modes
• Abstract Radio Power Modes provide a mapping between an
existing 802.21 Link_Action request (LINK_POWER_UP,
LINK_LOW_POWER, LINK_POWER_DOWN) onto a
technology specific operating mode of a radio. List of Actions
may need to be extended.
• Enable power management policy enforcement.
• Each radio has an array, constructed by the MN manufacturer,
containing (non-transmitting) energy consumption values for
each ARPM.
• Need to extend 802.21 Link SAP to retrieve the profiles and to
return, as well as set, the current ARPM values.
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MRPM Framework:
Energy Consumption Metrics



The energy consumed by a the wireless network interface module (vs. TX output
power, IERP, etc.) is of primary interest to MRPM. There are many ways to express
this battery drain, including bit energy cost (nJ/b) = mW * J/Ws * us/b
= W*10-3 * J/Ws * s/b*10-6 = J/b*10-9 = nJ/b
These metrics allow NSE to consider network energy consumption as a policy
input; all other things being equal, choose the most energy efficient network. The
most energy efficient network is also likely to be the fastest one (small bit widths).
Extend MIH IS metrics to include network and link power consumption.
IE_NET_DATA_POWER_LOAD value is likely to be a fixed optimal value.
LINK_PARAM_GEN values are measured quantities that reflect recent network
conditions.
DATA_POWER_LOAD
UNSIGNED_INT(2)
The type used with the IE_NET_DATA_POWER_LOAD, expressing
power consumed, in mW, at the network IE_NET_DATA_RATE
Data Power Load
DATA_POWER_LOAD
A new value, 5, needs to be added to the list LINK_PARAM_GEN
options that specifies the power consumed, in mW, at the
LINK_PARAM_GEN option 0, Data Rate
Energy Consumption
UNSIGNED_INT(4)
A new value, 6, needs to be added to the list LINK_PARAM_GEN
options that specifies the energy consumed, in nJ, during the interval
used to determine the value of LINK_PARAM_GEN option 3,
Throughput
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MRPM Framework:
Using Location Services
•Enable the use of coverage models to leverage and expand the 802.21
IE_POA_LOCATION element.
•MN must be able to tell its location relative to, and independently of, any network
POA
•Coverage map from MIH IS and MN location combine to avoid scanning in out of
coverage areas by facilitating radio scheduling.
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MRMP Framework:
Proxy Conceptual Model
• An MRPM Network Radio Proxy (NRP) is a network entity
that MRPM will define.
• An NRP must be accessible to an MN via a current network
PoA. The NRP makes it appear that a powered down radio on
the MN has actually joined the candidate network. An NRP thus
maximizes the candidate network availability while minimizing
MN battery drain.
• The emulation of certain functions (e.g., MN location
updates) are technology specific operations and may require
an NRP Agent (NRPA) to exist on the PoA of such networks
• An NRP can be seen as an extension the Mobile IP Proxies
that are already widely deployed on several networks,
• An NRPA on the current network PoA will be needed to handle
“keep alives” without unnecessarily waking the MN.
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NRP Conceptual Model
Current Network
Current
PoA & NRPA
MRPM
NRP
Candidate
PoA &
NRPA
MRPM
Enabled
MIH IS
MN
NSE
Candidate
PoA &
NRPA
MRPM
NRP
Candidate
PoA &
NRPA
Proxied Network
Multi-Radio Power Management Service Flow
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Thank you.
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backup
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Emulation Scenario: Location Update
Using Active Interface
• While a proxy session is active, the MN may move from the
coverage area of one PoA to another on the same network.
When such a situation is identified, the NSE sends a
PROXY_UPDATE to the NRP. The NRP would then change
the NRPA that represents the MN on the network.
• Should mobility cause the MN to switch to a third network then
the NSE will send a PROXY_MOVE message to the NRP,
notifying it of the network change.
• Should the MN leave the coverage area of the proxy network
then it will send a PROXY_LEAVE message to the NRP.
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Network Radio Proxy Details
• NRP Service descriptions will need to be added to the
MIH _NET_CAPABILITIES.
• The MIH NSE communicates with the NRP using the
following message types:
PROXY_REPLACE,
PROXY_JOIN,
PROXY_LEAVE,
PROXY_UPDATE,
PROXY_MOVE,
PROXY_FILTER,
PROXY_TRAFFIC_PENDING,
PROXY_FORWARD and
• PROXY_WAKING_UP
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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NRP Scenarios
• NRP enables MN location updates to make it appear
that a powered down radio on the MN is roaming and
updating its location
• NRP should enable this technology dependent
signaling
• NRP enables idle mode entry to make it appear that a
powered down radio is going to the idle mode
• NRP should enable this technology dependent
signaling
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TR Scenario 6.2: Location Update Using
Active Interface
• While a proxy session is active, the MN may move from the
coverage area of one PoA to another on the same network.
When such a situation is identified, the NSE sends a
PROXY_UPDATE to the NRP. The NRP would then change
the NRPA that represents the MN on the network.
• Should mobility cause the MN to switch to a third network then
the NSE will send a PROXY_MOVE message to the NRP,
notifying it of the network change.
• Should the MN leave the coverage area of the proxy network
then it will send a PROXY_LEAVE message to the NRP.
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TR Scenario 6.3: Idle Mode Signaling for
Multiple Interfaces
• After completing a network operation, the MN may decide that
it wants to turn off the radio and replace it with a proxy session.
This is accomplished by sending a PROXY_REPLACE
message to the NRP.
• Assuming simultaneously overlapping coverage, all but one
active radio may be replaced by a proxy service.
• Depending on the amount and kind of data passing through the
current network to the MN, the active radio interface may be
placed in a low power state other than off.
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TR Scenario 6.4: Waking a Radio Over
the Current Interface
• In TR Scenario 6.1, traffic destined for a turned off radio is
forwarded over the current interface instead.
• Alternately, the NSE may wake the turned off radio and have it
replace the proxy on the candidate network by sending a
PROXY_WAKING_UP message to the NRP. Once the radio
has replaced the proxy on the candidate network the proxy
session ends. The NSE may switch to the new radio or decide to
continue dual radio operation.
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TR Scenario 6.5: Parameters
Configuration of Idle Interface
• The establishment of a proxy session requires the exchange of
configuration information between the MN, the NRP and AAA
entity on the candidate proxy network.
• NSE may apply “spam” filters to incoming traffic destined to a
turned off radio, only waking the radio if it is of interest to the
MN.
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TR Scenario 6.6: Power Management in out of
Coverage Areas
• A MN will have no network connection when it is first turned on or when it
has moved out of the coverage range of all available networks.
• With no other knowledge, the MN must turn on all radios, to maximize the
chance of finding an appropriate network to connect with. In networks other
than WiMax, the radios are essentially in an Active RX mode while looking
for a network.
• MRPM could turn on a radio to scan for a network and then turn it off again
for some configurable interval if the scan discovered nothing.
• If a mode can determine its own location then when querying the MIH IS for
a list of proximate networks, an MN may specify an NGHB_RADIUS that
far exceeds the range of any of its network radio interfaces. In areas of
sparse network coverage an NSE may tell from the location and range data
returned by the MIH IS that, upon losing connection with the current
network, it will not be able to reconnect to another network for some
significant time. In this case, the NSE may turn off the radio on receipt of a
LINK_DOWN event
• Should an MN determine that, based on the MIH IS coverage map, it is
approaching the coverage area of a new network then it could turn on the
appropriate radio. A LINK_DETECTED event will be generated with the
network is discovered and a LINK_UP event will be generated when the
network is joined. At such time the network coverage map may be refreshed
by the MIH IS
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