Seminar Presentation
Multimedia Audio / Video
Communication Standards
Instructor: Dr. Imran Ahmad
By: Ju Wang
November 7, 2003
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In this presentation ……
 There are many standards in
multimedia world
 MPEG’s standards are well-known and
are used everywhere
 This organization – Moving Picture
Experts Group, was established in
1988
 MPEG family’s standards……
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Outline
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MPEG – 1
MPEG – 2
MPEG – 4
MPEG – 7
MPEG – 21
A comparison of them
Other standards
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MPEG-1
 Code of moving pictures and
associated audio for digital media at
up to 1,5 Mbit/s
 Became an international standard in
1993
 Remarkable achievement
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Why need MPEG-1
 CD-ROM enabled users to have
hundreds of Megabyte storages
 Interactive video applications on CD
 1.5 Megabit/s was the transfer rate of
CD at that time (single speed)
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MPEG-1 brought us
 Video CD
 MP3 – MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3
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Five parts in MPEG-1
 Part 1 – the system
Video
decoder
Digital
Storage
Medium
Medium
specific
decoder
MPEG-1
system
decoder
MPEG-1
Stream
Decoded
Video
Clock
control
Audio
decoder
Decoded
Audio
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Five parts in MPEG-1
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Part 2, video
Part 3, audio
Part 4, testing
Part 5, technique report for the
implementation
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Outline
 MPEG – 1
 MPEG – 2
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MPEG – 4
MPEG – 7
MPEG – 21
A comparison of them
Other standards
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MPEG-2
 Generic coding of moving pictures
and associated audio information
 Started in 1990, became international
standard in 1995
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MPEG-2’s goal
 Improve the audiovisual quality of
MPEG-1
 Support digital TV
 Compatible with MPEG-1
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MPEG-2 brought us
 DVD
 HDTV
 Because MPEG-2’s performance, the
MPEG-3, whose goal was enabling
HDTV, was abandoned
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Ten parts in MPEG-2
1. System
2. Video
3. Audio
4, 5. correspond to those in MPEG-1
6. Digital Storage Media Command
and control
 7. Advanced audio
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10 Parts in MPEG-2
 9. Real time interface for system
decoder
 10. Conformance test
 11. IPMP in MPEG-2
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MPEG-2 vs. MPEG-1
 Video quality
 MPEG-1: VCD
 MPEG-2: DVD / DTV
 Audio quality
 MPEG-1: two (stereo)
 MPEG-2: multichannel
 Bitrates
 MPEG-1: 0.8 – 2 M
 MPEG-2: 2 – 8 M
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Outline
 MPEG – 1
 MPEG – 2
 MPEG – 4




MPEG – 7
MPEG – 21
A comparison of them
Other standards
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MPEG-4
 Coding of audiovisual object
 Became international standard in
1998 (version 1)
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MPEG-4’s goal
 Provide high quality audiovisual over
a large range of bitrates
 Enable higher level of interaction with
media content
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MPEG-4’s scope
 Satisfy the needs of
 content authors
 service providers
 end users
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MPEG-4’s feature
 Use “media object” to represent
audiovisual content
 Facilitate content-based interaction
 Improve the video compression
efficiency
 Work in a wide range of bitrate
64kbps – 4mbps
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MPEG-4’s features
 Provide robustness to information
errors and loss, resolution scalability,
and object scalability
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MPEG-4’s applications
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Internet multimedia
Interactive video game
Interpersonal communication
Interactive storage media
Wireless multimedia
Broadcasting applications
And more…
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Outline
 MPEG – 1
 MPEG – 2
 MPEG – 4
 MPEG – 7
 MPEG – 21
 A comparison of them
 Other standards
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MPEG-7
 Multimedia Content Description
Interface
 Initiated in 1996, and became an
international standard in 2002
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MPEG-7’s goal
 Search, access, filter, retrieve, and
manage audiovisual information
 Digital multimedia spreads
 Transmission speeds increase and
storage costs fall
 Allow higher interoperability
 Support a broad range of applications
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MPEG-7’s Feature
 Provide a set of audiovisual
description tools
 describe the “meaning” of the
multimedia content
 The descriptions do not relay on the way
the content is coded or stored
 This description can be passed to, or
accessed by other tools or applications
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MPEG-7’s feature
 Allow different granularity in the
description
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Creation: author, title
Usage: copyright
Low level feature: color, texture
Conceptual: event
Collection of object
Interaction: user preference
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MPEG-7’s feature
 The description can be extracted
 Automatically – only for some low level
features, like color, textual
 Manually – for most high level features
e.g. there are three persons in the scene
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MPEG-7’s scope
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MPEG-7’s main elements
 Descriptive tools
 Descriptors
 Description schema
 Description definition language
 System tools
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MPEG-7’s applications
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Broadcast media selection
Multimedia editing
Home entertainments
Multimedia searching, filter
Much more…
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Outline
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MPEG
MPEG
MPEG
MPEG
–
–
–
–
1
2
4
7
 MPEG – 21
 A comparison of them
 Other standards
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MPEG-21
 Multimedia Framework
 Part 2 & 3 became international
standard this year
 The rest of other parts are under
developing
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MPEG-21’s vision & goal
 Enable transparent and augmented
use of multimedia resources across a
wide range of network and devices to
meet the needs for all users.
 Its goal is to describe a big picture of
how different elements to build an
infrastructure for delivery and
consumption of multimedia content
relate to each other.
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MPEG-21’s framework
 For all electronic creation, production,
delivery and trade of content
 Seek existing standards where
appropriate
 Based on two essential concepts:
 Digital items
 Users
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MPEG-21’s digital items & Users
 Digital Items
 Can be anything from an element piece
content (a single picture), to a complete
collection of audiovisual work
 Users
 Can be anyone, from authors, to vendors
to end users
 Users are equal, in the sense that they
all have their rights and interests in
digital items
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MPEG-21’s applications
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Digital library
Broadcast usage
Multimedia publishing & release
Trade transactions
Much more…
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Outline

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MPEG
MPEG
MPEG
MPEG
MPEG
–
–
–
–
–
1
2
4
7
21
 A comparison of them
 Other standards
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A comparison
MPEG Standard
Targeted Usage
MPEG-1
MPEG-2
MPEG-4
Coding of audio/visual content
MPEG-7
Providing metadata that describes multimedia
content
MPEG-21
Providing a framework for the all-electronic
creation, production, delivery and trade of content.
Within the framework we can use the other MPEG
standards where appropriate.
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A comparison
 MPEG-1/2/4 all aim at coding of
audiovisual content
 MPEG-1/2 are frame-based, and
MPEG-2 compatible with MPEG-1
 MPEG-4 is media object-based
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A comparison
 MPEG-7 will not replace the first
three, it gives the contents ‘meaning’
by describing them
 MPEG-21 is much broader, dealing
with units that consist of multiple
resources
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Outline






MPEG – 1
MPEG – 2
MPEG – 4
MPEG – 7
MPEG – 21
A comparison of them
 Other standards
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Other standards
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H. 242, by CCITT.
H.320, by CCITT
QuickTime, by Apple computer, Inc.
RIFF, by Microsoft and IBM
RTP
Much more…
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References
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MPEG home page: http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/
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MPEG-1: http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-1/mpeg-1.htm
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MPEG-2: http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-2/mpeg-2.htm
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MPEG-4: http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-4/mpeg-4.htm
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MPEG-7: http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm
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MPEG-21: http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-21/mpeg-21.htm
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From MPEG-1 to MPEG-21: Creating an Interoperable Multimedia Infrastructure:
http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/from_mpeg-1_to_mpeg-21.htm
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Riding the Media Bits: http://www.chiariglione.org/ride/
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ISO/IEC JTC 29 Programme of Work: http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42911.htm
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Standards in multimedia:
http://cui.unige.ch/OSG/info/MultimediaInfo/mmsurvey/standards.html
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MPEG-2 FAQ at Berkeley Multimedia Research Center:
http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/frame/research/mpeg/mpeg2faq.html
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The end
 Thanks
 To the organizations like MPEG
 To everyone here today
 Questions
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