Housing First in Europe – Matrix
January 2012
Turning Point Scotland
54 Govan Road
Glasgow, G51 1JL
Email: [email protected]
Table of Contents
Section 1 - National Framework of Homelessness and Housing Policies ....................................... 3
1.1
1.2
Global Context regarding Homelessness ..................................................................... 3
1.1.1 Institutional context of homelessness policy ................................................... 3
1.1.2 Service providers and stakeholders ................................................................. 3
1.1.3 Financing .......................................................................................................... 4
1.1.4 Housing Services for the Public ........................................................................ 4
Housing Policy .............................................................................................................. 5
Section 2 - Housing First Strategy................................................................................................ 6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Global Context regarding Homelessness ..................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Institutional context of homelessness policy ................................................... 6
Principles ...................................................................................................................... 6
Link between Homelessness Services and Housing First Project ................................ 6
Housing First Project Content ...................................................................................... 7
2.4.1 Governance ...................................................................................................... 7
2.4.2 Financing .......................................................................................................... 8
2.4.3 Homeless People that Benefit from the Project/Service Users ....................... 8
2.4.4 Eligibility ........................................................................................................... 9
Section 3 - Missions/Services .................................................................................................... 10
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
Social Care .................................................................................................................. 10
Health Care................................................................................................................. 10
Employment Support ................................................................................................. 10
Food Aid ..................................................................................................................... 10
Financial Aid for rent etc. ........................................................................................... 11
Funding of Services .................................................................................................... 11
Section 4 - Social Support ......................................................................................................... 12
Section 5 - Housing Allocation .................................................................................................. 14
Section 6 - Perspective ............................................................................................................. 15
Turning Point Scotland
54 Govan Road
Glasgow, G51 1JL
Email: [email protected]
2
Section 1 - National Framework of Homelessness and Housing
Policies
1.1
Global Context regarding Homelessness
1.1.1
Institutional context of homelessness policy
Local authorities have a duty to homeless households in their area as outlined in legislation
passed at a national level.
There are strong links between homelessness policy and other public policies in Scotland,
particularly in relation to the prevention of homelessness. Examples of this cross sector
approach can be found in the work of the Supported Accommodation Implementation Group
and in the work to ensure the implementation of Health and Homelessness Standards across
Health Boards.
1.1.2
Service providers and stakeholders
In Glasgow there is a 24 hour statutory casework function provided by Glasgow City Council
and delivered through 5 Community Casework Teams and the Hamish Allan Centre.
Emergency accommodation ranges from Bed and Breakfast, hostels, self-contained flats
through both socially rented housing sector and the Private Rented Sector.
Temporary accommodation ranges from temporary furnished flats to supported
accommodation (e.g. for young people, addictions, mental health, domestic abuse etc.)
Outreach support services are provided to help people maintain tenancies following a period
of homelessness.
There is a specific outreach support service working with people who are currently, or are at
risk of, sleeping rough. In addition for example Turning Point Scotland’s Link Up Service
provides a crisis service – including residential – for rough sleepers or those who are homeless
Glasgow has a specialist health centre where homeless people can access a full range of
medical care.
There are 3 day centres through religious organisations providing food, activities, support.
There are a number of independent agencies delivering advice and information on legal rights.
A number of statutory services are provided by the local authority in Glasgow.
Many accommodation and support services are provided by NGO’s including Turning Point
Scotland
The local health board provides services to people affected by homelessness
In Glasgow in 2010-11 the average length of time in temporary accommodation was 22 weeks
(down from 24 weeks in 2009-10)
Access to permanent housing is provided by the statutory casework service.
Turning Point Scotland
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1.1.3
Financing
Funding is provided from a mixture of national, state, regional city and private sources.
Since the establishment of a Concordat between Central and Local Government and the
subsequent Local Government Settlement in 2007, local authorities have been allocated a
budget from central government without ring fencing for homelessness services, allowing
greater freedom to make local funding decisions in light of local circumstances while working
to high level outcomes and fulfilling their legislative duties.
The Scottish Government also funds national homelessness service providers through funding
initiatives such as the Housing Voluntary Grant Scheme.
1.1.4
Housing Services for the Public
Definitions are outlined in legislation. Part II of the Housing (Scotland) Act 1987 (as amended
by the 2001 and 2003 Acts) sets out the powers and duties of local authorities in dealing with
applications from people seeking help on the grounds that they are homeless or threatened
with homelessness. It is important to note that in Scotland homelessness is defined as more
than ‘rooflessness’ or rough sleeping.
Statistics are collected by local authorities and published by the Scottish Government. There
were an estimated 55,227 applications to local authorities under the Homeless Persons
legislation in 2010-11, a decrease of 3.3 per cent compared to the 57,122 applications during
2009-10. In 2010-11, 41,553 applications were assessed as homeless in Scotland, a decrease of
1,929 (4.4 per cent) since 2009-10. Statistics for 2010/11 were published in August 2011
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/08/30083716/0
Support needs and the causes for homelessness are recorded by local authorities in the
statistics highlighted above, which can be used to outline local homelessness profiles and
inform local approaches to tackling and preventing homelessness.
Young people (16-24) have been identified by policy makers as being over represented in
homelessness figures and relationship breakdown (family or friends unwilling to
accommodate) the main reason for homelessness applications to local authorities. This has
been one of the factors in promoting the Housing Options approach through five regional local
authority hubs which focuses on the prevention of homelessness through looking at an
individual’s housing options in the broadest sense when they approach a local authority as
homeless. This can include not just a choice of housing tenure but issues such as employability,
need for mediation services etc.
In 2000- 01, around 45,000 applied as homeless and 33,000 were assessed as being so. In
2010-11, this was around 55,000 and 41,000 respectively. Given the 2012 commitment (see
the first answer in Housing Policy below) a higher proportion were assessed as priority need
and therefore entitled to settled accommodation.
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1.2
Housing Policy
The 2012 homelessness commitment as established by the Homelessness Etc (Scotland) Act of
2003 states that local authorities should assess all homeless applicants as priority by 31st
December 2012. Applicants assessed as priority have a right to settled accommodation as
currently ‘non priority’ applicants only have a right to temporary accommodation and advice
and assistance. Across Scotland, the proportion of homeless assessed as priority increased to
88 per cent (an increase of two percentage points) during 2010-11. More broadly than
homelessness, those over 16 can join a social housing waiting list.
The Scottish Government has pledged to building 30,000 affordable homes over the course of
the current Parliament including the first programme of council house building for a number of
years.
There are specific Social Housing Policies and funding streams Detail can be found at the
Scottish Government web-site noted below
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment/Housing/16342
The social housing providers are the local authorities and registered social landlords/ housing
associations.
Local authorities make decisions on allocations based on local circumstances with guidance
provided by the Scottish Government.
Where a local authority has a duty to secure the provision of accommodation for an applicant
in priority need, a Registered Social Landlord in its area must, within a reasonable period,
comply with an authority's request to provide this accommodation unless it has a good reason
for not doing so (section 5 of the Housing (Scotland) Act 2001).
Housing Benefit. While administered locally, welfare policy including that on housing benefit is
made by the UK Government at Westminster. Scottish Government Ministers have made a
number of representations to UK Ministers noting their concern about proposed welfare
reform and its potential impact on homelessness in Scotland.
During the quarter ending March 31, 2011, a total of 5,768 notifications of households at risk
of homelessness due to eviction were received by local authorities under section 11 of the
Homelessness etc. (Scotland) Act 2003. Section 11 allows landlords to give an early indication
to local authorities of intention to evict to allow interventions to be made.
Both local authorities and many housing associations across Scotland work with homeless
service providers to provide support at a local level.
Turning Point Scotland
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Email: [email protected]
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Section 2 - Housing First Strategy
2.1
Global Context regarding Homelessness
2.1.1
Institutional context of homelessness policy
Approaches in Glasgow Housing First –
The Glasgow Housing First pilot is directed at those who are homeless and still using
substances. Whilst initially referrals were for homeless individuals using drugs more recently
the referral system has been widened to include those whose substance of misuse is alcohol. It
is the only such service within Scotland is currently being implemented at a local level.
Date of Implementation
The first Housing First tenant moved into his accommodation in February 2011. Staff
recruitment, induction and training took place from October 2010
2.2
Principles
The Glasgow Housing First pilot aims to reduce re-occurring homelessness by supporting
individuals who are still in active addiction. It follows the philosophy and principles of the
American model –
2.3

independent accommodation

no requirement regarding housing readiness

harm reduction approach

provision of permanent tenancy in individual’s name in self contained/scattered
social housing with full tenancy rights, rent contract and unlimited lease

Holistic support through 24/7 – multidisciplinary team available 7 days per week
from 8 a.m. until 8 p.m. thereafter telephone contact/on-call system.

Respect for service user choice re: location of apartment, levels of engagement and
times of support

Service targeted at the most vulnerable – those that have had difficulty coping with
traditional service and/or resistant to service engagement
Link between Homelessness Services and Housing First Project
Glasgow City Council carried out a review of its former large single person hostels and as a
consequence was able to close all male hostels (the one female hostel is currently in the
process of being replaced).
The 3 large scale male hostels (totaling just over 700 bed spaces) which formed part of the
closure and reprovisioning programme were closed between 2005 and 2008:
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Broad Street closed early in 2005, Peter McCann closed in July 2006 and Bell Street closed in
March 2008.
Among the resources replacing them were commissioned:

620 new supported accommodation places (e.g. SAMH Community Directions,
Quarriers What If, Turning Point Scotland’s Moving On , Loretto Fordneuk Street
(this service for individual’s with an alcohol dependency will permit harm reduced
continuing drinking and is referred to in Professor Fitzpatrick research report)
Gowrie’s Queen Mary Avenue and others 100 new emergency accommodation
places through Aspire (Hillhead Street, Queen Margaret Drive, Copland Road),
Turning Points Scotland’s Garscube House – a residential alcohol rehabilitation
service and others.

1200 new temporary furnished flats through Glasgow Housing Association (taking
the total to approximately 1800); and

24 new floating support services providing support to 4100 households in their
own accommodation (e.g. Loretto, Gowrie, Aspire, SAMH, and Addaction among
others).
Whilst in the strictest sense there was no opposition from the shelters – since none exist – the
first year was a struggle with Glasgow City Council Social Services/Homelessness Services to
both understand and accept that the Housing First model had anything to offer in the
Scotland/Glasgow context. Views expressed included ‘we’re already doing services like this’,
‘we don’t need ideas from America’, ‘our state benefits and social housing systems are sound
and therefore there is no need for such in Scotland’.
In addition they had difficulty understanding the justifiably slow pace of developing the
Housing First pilot and appeared to give no cognisance of the need to not only bring housing
associations/registered landlords on board but then involve such agencies in the
assessment/implementation processes.
More recently Glasgow City Council Social Services have indicated a changing view on the
development of Housing First as one model of housing support services. A continuing dialogue
is now taking place with senior officers in their Homelessness Services.
2.4
Housing First Project Content
2.4.1
Governance
The Glasgow Housing First project is being piloted by Turning Point Scotland an N.G.O. and it is
also responsible for the operational management of the service, The Housing First Service is
currently in one city.
In addition to the normal management arrangements for the Project, Turning Point Scotland
created a Housing First Advisory Group. Chaired by an independent consultant with a career in
homelessness and health responses to homeless people, the Group comprises stakeholders –
Scottish Government Homelessness services officer, Glasgow City Council, Glasgow Housing
Turning Point Scotland
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Association, Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS Board Strathclyde Police and a Turning Point
Scotland Board member and an Operational Manager from Turning Point Scotland. Its remit
includes:-
2.4.2

focussing on the strategic direction of the evolving Housing First service,

overview of the 3 year longitudinal research being carried out by Heriot-Watt
University

being aware of other likely research links through FEANTSA and FNARS

an overview of links developing with other Housing First services in other European
countries

support for the development of strategic level partnerships with the Scottish
Government, the National Health Service, relevant local authorities and housing
agencies

seek to influence and inform Scottish and European homelessness policies through
the promotion of Housing First and links established with FEANTSA and FNARS.
Financing
The Glasgow Housing First pilot is funded from Turning Point Scotland reserves. Funding for a
part-time Occupational Therapist’s post comes from Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS Board
and 1 years funding came from the Big Lottery Fund.
There was no competitive tendering as the Pilot Project grew from an initiative and
commitments from within Turning Point Scotland.
Working relationships are maintained by Turning Point Scotland with a range of other
stakeholders and services responding to the needs of homeless individuals.
2.4.3
Homeless People that Benefit from the Project/Service Users
Currently the service does not target all the typologies of homeless people and was created to
develop services for those still using substances. Whilst initially that was for drug users, in the
past 6 months the target group has been expanded to include those who misuse alcohol. (In
real terms individuals rarely have only one issue and concern. Therefore as the Housing Pilot
service continues to grow and to ensure the provision of holistic support from a services
network we will require broadening the target to all typologies of homeless people including
families).
Those who are assessed as potentially suitable for the service require to be registered as
homeless with the local authority of Glasgow.
We do not view Housing First as suitable for all individuals but as being one of a range of
housing support services. In the first 10 months of the 69 individuals referred 26 individuals
have been assessed as suitable for Housing First. Of these 19 are currently working with
Glasgow Housing First and 7 are in the assessment stage. Of the 43 referrals found not suitable
there was a range of reasons – no illicit drug/substance misuse, looking for supported
accommodation not independent support, a requirement for personal care and daily support
Turning Point Scotland
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needed, no live homelessness application. 12 referrals were withdrawn by the referrer –
reasons included resettled in other accommodation, no interest in the localities in which
Housing First works or given a substantial prison sentence. 6 were suspended at the referrer’s
request or requiring new assessment.
2.4.4
Eligibility
Individuals can be referred to Housing First from a number of sources such as the Community
Addiction Teams, Glasgow Street Service, Homeless Accommodation, Persistent Offenders
Projects, Community/ Prison Casework Teams. Prior to the project accepting referrals the team
met with many services in Glasgow working with homeless individuals who continue to use
substances to raise awareness about Housing First, its ethos, project description and entry to
service criteria. Members of Housing First staff also spoke to individuals who were rough
sleeping/ begging about the service and encouraged them to speak with the Glasgow Street
Service should they have an interest in being referred.
The entry criteria for Housing First is as follows:

individual aged 18+,

homeless (as defined by statutory agencies),

current services do not meet individual’s need,

current drug and/ or alcohol use,

looking to sustain a tenancy.
When referrals are received they are discussed by an Allocation Group consisting of Housing
First Service Manager, Housing First Service Coordinator, Occupational Therapist and a
representative from North Casework Team. From there a decision is made whether the
individual will be assessed and when assessed whether they will be accepted into the service.
When the individual is accepted into the service, the support they receive is holistic and
person centred and is not tied to the tenancy. If an individual was unable to stay in a tenancy,
then the Housing First staff team would support that individual to find a new tenancy and
continue to provide support.
Turning Point Scotland
54 Govan Road
Glasgow, G51 1JL
Email: [email protected]
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Section 3 - Missions/Services
3.1
Social Care
Social care services are well developed both within Scotland as a whole and particularly within
Glasgow. Example of these services are: Community/Homeless Addiction Teams, Community
Casework Teams, Regeneration Agencies, Persistent Offenders Project, Scottish Association of
Mental Health, Phoenix Futures – Rehabilitation and day services, City Mission/Marie
Trust/Lodging House Day Services , Supported Accommodation: such as the Simon Community,
Glasgow Street Service, Move On – homelessness and employability, needle exchanges, safe
haven,
3.2
Health Care
The United Kingdom has a National Health Service available to all citizens. In addition Greater
Glasgow and Clyde NHS Board some years ago developed a comprehensive Homelessness
Health and Resources service and this is well used by those who are homeless. It has built up
close working links with a number of NGOs including Turning Point Scotland.
3.3
Employment Support
Our experiences suggest that as individuals move from either homelessness or rough sleeping
into Housing First their first stage of ‘employability’ is undertaking meaningful activities as they
begin to adjust to a structure for their lives. For many this may well represent the first time in
years (or ever) where they have had such an opportunity. Some have never been in
employment and therefore for them simply beginning by ensuring they generate meaningful
activity is a crucial stage in their recovery journey. The reality is that in the current national
financial situation, unemployment numbers have increased and finding employment is
difficult.
The British Government has developed a number of national employment initiatives.. In
addition Turning Point Scotland has developed links with the Wise Group on local possible
initiatives.
Many of those for whom Housing First is a likely support resource will have opted out of the
formal education system in their early teens. Therefore for them their recovery journey is
likely to include their re-engaging with education, for some initially at least through ‘taster’
courses often held in the local community or further education college. We view engagement
within their neighbourhood/community as important aspects of their establishing networks
and such as consistencies with the work of Project Renewal in New York and the development
of Recovery Communities.
3.4
Food Aid
This is not an available resource within Glasgow other than those homeless individuals/roughsleepers will use the 3 ‘Mission’ day centres in the City and be provided with food at them.
Turning Point Scotland
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3.5
Financial Aid for rent etc.
The state benefit system within the United Kingdom includes a factor known as Housing
Benefit. This is made available from Central Government through Local Authorities to
individuals needing support to meet the costs of the rent and an element of the Council Tax for
their house. There is currently a capacity for the rent aspect to be paid directly from Housing
Benefit to the landlord. This does secure the property for that individual. Currently a review of
Benefits being undertaken is recommending the removal of that factor resulting perhaps in
future problems.
The purchase of furniture is one of the major difficulties being experienced by potential
tenants. Central Government Benefits include a factor termed Community Care Grant which
people can apply for when being allocated a house. Unfortunately the process can take some 6
weeks or more and the numbers having a successful application have reduced considerably.
Our belief is that by the provision of funding support for furnishings the individual can
confidently feel that they have made ‘this house their home’. By not receiving such funding the
individual may struggle to feel that this house is now their home.
3.6
Funding of Services
As can be evidenced from the above paragraphs 2.4.2 and 3.5 funding of the service comes
from a number of levels – central government, local government and in terms specifically of
the Housing First Service, from charitable resources.
Turning Point Scotland
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Section 4 - Social Support
The Housing First staff team consists of part-time hours from a Turning Point Scotland Service
Manager, 1 Service Coordinator, 2 Senior Practitioners, 4 Peer Support Workers and part time
hours from an Occupational Therapist provided by Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS Board.
During the development of the Housing First Service a number of meetings were held with key
stakeholders of the service including community casework teams, community addiction teams,
occupational therapy and housing associations in order to develop a method of best practice
when working together to maximise communication and ensure effective support is delivered
to each service user.
Skills within the Team and its partners – Community Addiction Teams Community Casework
Teams and Housing Officers – will include housing support, addiction support, issues relating
to homelessness and mental health,
The Housing First staff in addition to the above will also provide emotional support,
signposting, peer support, (health care is provided by the occupational therapist), assertive
outreach, motivational interviewing,
The staff will engage with chaotic individuals who typically do not engage with services, and
may never have considered harm reduction and have little or no overdose awareness.
The service is provided 24 hours/7 days per week with staff available each day from 8 a.m. to 8
p.m. From the hours of 8 p.m. to 8 a.m. service users have access to telephone support
provided by Turning Point Scotland service and, if required by an ‘on-call system’. Thus on a
day to day basis the service user will be supported by the staff team on rota but in addition will
have assigned two named workers and a support coordinator (senior practitioner).
The team will arrange regular reviews at not less than three monthly intervals with the service
user and all the professionals involved in the individuals support. The Housing First staff team
will also regularly keep in touch with the service user’s Care Manager and Housing Officer (due
to the circumstances of some of the service users referred to Housing First not all of them will
have a Care Manager).
Whilst the support offered to the individual is not compulsory, during the assessment process
(which can take up to 6 weeks) it is expected that the individual will show a motivation to work
with the service and that they desire support to maintain a tenancy.
The service user group which Housing First targets are those who typically do not engage with
services and who are still actively using substances therefore it can be expected that
engagement may be poor from time to time.
The amount of times a service user is seen per week and the location of the visit is determined
by that individual, however staff will also deliver assertive outreach if there is an increased risk
(for example increased substance misuse, poor mental health and non-engagement).
When engagement with the service is low the team will try to engage through assertive
outreach and try to meet up with individuals in places they are known to attend, for example:
community addiction teams, pharmacies, begging sites to name a few.
Non engagement with the service will not result in the individual being discharged from the
service.
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During this time we will also keep in touch with any others involved in their support to ensure
the safety of the individual (i.e. the addiction worker can check if the individual has been
collecting their methadone).
It is our experience that those service users who typically do not engage often will always
contact Housing First by phone or drop into the office when a crisis does arise.
The support is not time limited and is offered on a flexible basis responding to that individual’s
recovery milestones and other factors in their life.
The support is more often than not on a one to one basis and can take place in any location
however generally is in the individual’s tenancy or for planned visits to colleges, regeneration
agencies, support groups etc.
Social isolation is recognised as a barrier to on-going recovery. Housing First attempts to
support individuals with this by encouraging and sign posting to services in their local
community and will also support the individual to orientate to their local area (nearest
supermarket, post office, doctors surgery etc).
The team will use their training in motivational interviewing skills as well as peer experience to
discuss future short/ mid and long term goals and develop support plans with the individuals in
order to achieve these (including social functioning).
Turning Point Scotland
54 Govan Road
Glasgow, G51 1JL
Email: [email protected]
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Section 5 - Housing Allocation
Within Scotland social housing stock has been traditionally developed through Local Councils
with, from the 1980s, an increasing development of registered social landlords through
housing associations.
In the late 1990s Glasgow City Council passed all of their council housing over to new
Registered Social Landlord, Glasgow Housing Association and a second phase of that process
has seen some of that housing stock pass to local registered social landlords/housing
associations.
Both Glasgow Housing Association and a locally based R.S.L – Queens Cross Housing
Association – have been in a close working relationship with Turning Point Scotland to create
the Housing First Pilot and the first 10 houses for the service came from these landlords. More
recently 2 further R.S.L’s – Southside Housing Association and Thenew Housing Association have come on board to develop partnerships with Turning Point Scotland and offer permanent
tenancies to individuals coming into Housing First project.
There is no one post within Housing First to find housing for the Project. Rather negotiations
take place between Turning Point Scotland and individual or group meetings of housing
associations to acquire appropriate accommodation.
Within Scottish Government legislation (see above Section 2) there is a requirement for
accommodation to be made available for homeless people and social landlords are bound to
respond to what is known as a Section 5 referral
Given the legislative framework, there are no financial inducements or tax reductions
necessary to encourage housing providers to allocate accommodation.
Tenancies in Scotland are given with either Short Assured Tenancy or Permanent Tenancy
agreement. Given that we believe a key component of Housing First from New York is that
individuals are given permanent accommodation we felt that such would be an essential
aspect of the Glasgow Housing First service.
In early negotiations with the Registered Social Landlords we all agreed that the service should
be in individual scattered flats not in collective buildings. Initially they were all in the North
West of Glasgow. More recently through the inclusion of Southside and Thenew Housing
Associations the flats are scattered throughout Glasgow.
The accommodation is not provided with furniture and in paragraph 3.5 above we share some
of the problems that can create for people with homelessness background.
The solvency of the people is not an issue and we provide some explanation again in paragraph
3.5 above.
As indicated earlier within this Section, the Housing Associations provide the individual with a
Permanent Tenancy Agreement which gives them the same rights as any tenant with a similar
tenancy agreement. The lease is signed by that individual service user and their stay is
permanent unless, like any other tenant they breach the conditions of that tenancy
agreement. If such occurs the landlord is required to take legal proceedings and the issue
would be decided within the formal Court setting.
Turning Point Scotland
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Section 6 - Perspective
The Housing First Glasgow pilot project Turning Point Scotland has funded to be be evaluated
by Professor Suzanne Fitzpatrick and Dr Sarah Johnsen of Heriott Watt University, School of
the Built Environment
The methodology of the evaluation includes: literature review, stakeholder interviews and
longitudinal study of service user outcomes. The evaluation commenced on 5th July 2010 with
an interim report expected by June 2012 and final report to be submitted in 2013.
The anticipated successful conditions of the Glasgow Housing First service reflect that from the
USA and Canada namely that the vast majority of individuals remain in their tenancy and sense
achievement of their targets in their recovery journey and an overall improvement in their
perceived quality of life.
Both our own experiences and the knowledge we have gained both from contacts with other
Housing First services both in USA and Europe and from our research would suggest that
Housing First will not be appropriate support for all homeless people; Housing First provides a
sound housing support model. We believe that that it could be developed in response to wider
than single homeless individuals e.g. homeless families (as per Vienna and Loa Angeles) but
also as a strategy and methodology to prevent homelessness.
Due to knowledge of the service being as yet generally limited to those professionals working
in the field of addiction/ homelessness and civil servants/ politicians public opinion has not
been expressed. Nevertheless the feedback regarding the model/ service during conferences
and networking has been positive.
Turning Point Scotland
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15