Chapter 3
Cannon, M. D. & Griffith, B. A. (2009).
Effective Groups. New York, USA :
Pearson
1.
DAPEE for Creating a Proposal
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Define the Problem, Project or Goal
Analyze the Problem
Plan the Solution or Strategy
Execute the Plan
Evaluate the Results
2. Give a PowerPoint Presentation of Proposal
DAPEE for Creating a Proposal
A. Define the Problem or Project
 Project: a new dining center is being built at a university.
Design a proposal for organizing mealtimes, special
programs, and general operations to accomplish certain
goals
 Goals: (a) to create a cohesive community for incoming
students (b) facilitate the transition to college, and (c)
facilitate academic development.
 Proposal to include: breakdown of the DAPEE model
including planned interviews with students about their
needs, research about past similar proposals, one year
timetable of how to meet the goals, how to progress
through the stages of group development, a detailed work
plan, force field analysis, execution and evaluation steps
B. Analyze the Problem
Carry out a SWOT analysis of the project
(strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats)
The following questions will help you:
1. Where are we now?
2. What do we want to achieve?
3. What will help us reach the goal?
(networks, past research, group skills, etc)
4. What will hinder us from reaching our goal?
(politics, finance, time, lack of training, etc)
C. Plan the Solution or Strategy
 Create a detailed work plan that will identify, define,
and assign tasks to group members
 Decide what types of groups to use (pooled,
sequential, reciprocal)
 Divide up the tasks amongst members
 Set time deadlines for the completion of each task
 Set time deadlines for the completion of the written
proposal and the PP presentation
Types of Groups
 Pooled group: Each organizational department or
business unit performs completely separate functions.
While departments may not directly interact and do not
directly depend on each other, each does contribute
individual pieces to the same overall puzzle.
 Sequential group: One unit in the overall process
produces an output necessary for the performance by the
next unit (e.g., assembly line).
 Reciprocal group: Reciprocal group is similar to
sequential interdependence in that the output of one
department becomes the input of another, with the
addition of being cyclical.
D. Execute the Plan
 Determine when your group members will get together to
check on each other’s progress in the future
 Determine what reporting structures you will use to
monitor progress in the future
E. Evaluate the Results
During this final step you need to evaluate the
results of the previous four steps
 What are the obstacles you expect to face in the
future?
 How will you deal with these obstacles?
 How will you deal with social loafing?
 How will you maintain group cohesiveness?
 On reflection what would you do differently next time
you have to write a proposal?
Examples of Workgroup Proposals
 At Work
- starting a social club
- starting a cafeteria
 At University
- building a fitness center
- starting a sports club