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Unit 2 Test: America as an Industrial Giant
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS
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1. Which of the following made possible the American industrial growth of the late 1800s?
a. the household economy
b. technological advances
c. government reforms
d. the development of labor unions
2. The goal of the Sherman Antitrust Act was to
a. encourage industries to form cartels
b. encourage healthy economic competition
c. place higher taxes on business profits
d. encourage the growth of business monopolies
3. According to the theory of social Darwinism, the government should
a. stay out of the affairs of business
b. protect the rights of workers
c. raise taxes on the rich
d. outlaw trusts and cartels
4. One of Thomas Edison’s major accomplishments was
a. developing a more efficient way to make steel
b. inventing the telegraph and telephone
c. helping to make electricity more widely available
d. preaching the “gospel of wealth”
5. During the late 1800s, children often worked in factories because
a. their parents believed in the process of “natural selection”
b. families needed the income to survive
c. employers offered high wages to skilled children
d. there were no public schools for children to attend
6. What attracted many Asians to the United States in the late 1800s?
a. repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act
b. the desire for free land
c. jobs with American railroad companies
d. the Gentlemen’s Agreement
7. Which of the following was a major result of both immigration and the increased productivity of factory jobs
in the late 1800s?
a. the rapid expansion of urban areas
b. mechanization of agriculture
c. high wages for factory workers
d. overpopulation of the South
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8. Which best describes the main goal of the social gospel and settlement movements?
a. to improve living conditions for the poor
b. to strengthen political machines
c. to encourage immigration
d. to create jobs for the unemployed
9. In the 1890s, immigration patterns shifted dramatically, with most immigrants now coming from
a. northern European countries
b. southern and eastern European countries
c. Mexico and Central America
d. China and Japan
10. The main objective of the nativists was to
a. repeal laws that restricted immigration
b. help immigrants adjust to American culture
c. build tenement apartments for immigrants
d. restrict immigration
11. Most settlement houses of the late 1800s offered poor city dwellers
a. aid in the form of money
b. ways to improve their condition
c. protection from crime
d. protection from political machines
12. Which of the following attracted many immigrants to the United States?
a. the military draft
b. strong alien land laws
c. a chance at a better life
d. labor unions
13. Where did European immigrants often settle in the United States?
a. in western railroad towns
b. in big cities
c. in the South
d. near lakes
14. How were Asians regarded by many white Americans?
a. with suspicion and hostility
b. with respect and admiration
c. as productive farmers
d. as good neighbors
15. Whereas the traditional American economy relied on small business and craftspeople, during the late 1880s
the economy became dominated by:
a. oligopolies
b. large corporations
c. franchises
d. “Mom and Pop” shops
16. Those who start their own businesses and work as their own bosses are known as:
a. laborers
b. factory owners
c. entrepreneurs
d. robber barons
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____ 17. The 1st Industrial Revolution took place in which nation?
a. France
b. Germany
c. United States
d. Great Britain
____ 18. As a result of the Bessemer process:
a. iron was no longer used in production
b. steel production became cheaper
c. electricity could be used to power factories
d. none of the above
____ 19. What happens when companies overproduce a product?
a. the price of the product increases
b. the market for the product increases
c. the price of the product decreases
d. the price of the product stays the same
____ 20. Most of the Captains of industry aka Robber Barons were not inventors but simply:
a. good businessmen
b. unskilled laborers
c. corrupt politicians
d. efficient farmers
____ 21. Andrew Carnegie controlled all means of production in relation to steel. This business practice is known as:
a. incorporating
b. capitalizing
c. horizontal integration
d. vertical integration
____ 22. What did Carnegie mean by: “A man who dies rich dies disgraced”?
a. the rich should be ashamed of themselves
b. the wealthy have a moral obligation to help the poor
c. absolute power corrupts absolutely
d. all of the above
____ 23. In the _____________, Carnegie argued that the emergence of super wealthy businessmen only testified to
the superiority of capitalism.
a. “Gospel of Wealth”
b. “Doctrine of Nobility”
c. “Communist Manifesto”
d. “Tradesman Torah”
____ 24. Philanthropists are people who:
a. believe that people of European heritage are superior
b. promote laissez-faire
c. are anti-immigration
d. generously donate money to charity
____ 25. By buying out all competing oil refineries and incorporating them into Standard Oil, John D. Rockefeller
engaged in which practice?
a. horizontal integration
b. vertical integration
c. philanthropy
d. Social Darwinism
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____ 26. Sears and Roebuck used catalogues to:
a. make city life seem more appealing
b. raise tariffs
c. get isolated farmers to buy city goods
d. charge more for the products they were selling
____ 27. Which of the following MOST contributed to international communication?
a. an undersea telegraph cable that stretched from the U.S. to Europe
b. the transcontinental railroad
c. bridges and canals
d. all of the above
____ 28. Which Robber Baron bought Carnegie’s steel mills and reorganized them into U.S. Steel, the first billion
dollar business?
a. Vanderbilt
b. Rockefeller
c. Sears
d. Morgan
____ 29. Mass production was made easier due to which of the following:
a. electricity
b. interchangeable parts
c. assembly line
d. all of the above
____ 30. Electric lighting inside homes created more work for women because:
a. the inside of the house looked dirtier
b. kerosene lamps were no longer needed for light
c. Natural sunlight helps to clean up dust
d. none of the above
____ 31. The assembly line had which of the following effects on the average worker:
a. it gave them a variety of challenging tasks to complete
b. it gave them more leverage to bargain with factory owners
c. it led to boredom from repeating the same task all day
d. it created less job opportunities
____ 32. Someone coming to the United States from Italy in the 1890s would most likely be processed at this location:
a. Angel Island
b. Devil Island
c. 4-A Island
d. Ellis Island
____ 33. Immigrants were largely denied entry to the United States in the 1890s if they:
a. had criminal records
b. had a contagious disease
c. had family already living in the United States
d. a. and b. are correct
____ 34. The spread of infectious diseases in major cities resulted mostly from:
a. industrialization
b. settlement houses
c. overcrowding
d. the lack of hospitals
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____ 35. This man was a corrupt political boss who plundered the New York City treasury. Political cartoons by
Thomas Nast eventually helped bring him down.
a. Al Capone
b. William Tweed
c. William Jennings Bryan
d. Rutherford B. Hayes
Questions 36, 37, and 38 refer to the following political cartoon:
____ 36. What is the general message of this cartoon?
a. Standard Oil sought to destroy corruption in Washington D.C.
b. Monopolies had too much control over the government and the economy
c. Digging too far into the earth for oil may awaken giant monsters
d. Giant corporations had the American people’s best interest at heart
____ 37. The cartoon implies that the octopus has wrapped his tentacles around all of the following except:
a. Congress
b. The White House
c. Railroads
d. Shipping
____ 38. Which of the following measures did Congress pass to fight against what we see in the cartoon:
a. Laissez-faire
b. The Dawes Act
c. Labor unions
d. Clayton Anti-Trust Act
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Questions 39 and 40 are based on the following political cartoon
Caption: “Uncle Sam is a man of strong features.” In case you are unfamiliar with the
term, Uncle Sam symbolizes the United States of America
____ 39. This artist of this cartoon would most likely agree with which of the following statements?
a. Immigrants weaken society and take jobs away from factory workers
b. Immigrants do not easily assimilate into American culture
c. Immigrants from England and Germany form the backbone of American society
d. Immigrants helped build the United States and continue to make it stronger
____ 40. The cartoon implies that who is doing all of the hard work in constructing modern America (1870-present)?
a. “new” immigrants and Native Americans
b. “old” immigrants
c. The Puritans
d. Lady Liberty and the bald eagle