THE SPANISH
LABOUR MARKET IN
THE TOURISM
INDUSTRY, 2003
[email protected]
Teresa Guardia
June 2004
THE SPANISH LABOUR MARKET
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
 Main goals of this approach
 Main methodological problems
 Sources used
 Wage earners and self-employed workers
 Unemployment rate
Temporary employment rate
 Foreign population
Job creation
The seasonality of wage earner employment
and tourist pressure
MAIN GOALS
o DRAWING UP THE CORRESPONDING TABLE OF
THE TSA
o MONITORING THE LABOUR MARKET IN THE
TOURISM INDUSTRY
MAIN METHODOLOGICAL
PROBLEMS
 Tourism industry is not reflected as such in the
NACE:
Set of activities considered to be tourist are
carried out by companies whose main activity is
not tourism
MAIN METHODOLOGICAL
PROBLEMS
 Underestimation of the number of workers:
Raw materials for the productions of the
final goods and services are not included
MAIN METHODOLOGICAL
PROBLEMS
 Overestimation of the number of workers:
Production of goods and services includes work
carried out for residents who are not tourists
SOURCES
USED
Labour Force
Survey
Administrative
Register
Characteristics
Of the labour market
Familitur
Frontur
Census
Seasonality
Tourism pressure
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKET
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
WAGE EARNERS
EMPLOYED
POPULATION
73%
SELF-EMPLOYED
27%
WAGE
SALARY
WORKERS BROKEN
RATE BROKEN
WAGEAND
EARNERS
PERCENTAGE
DOWN
BYBY
ACTIVITY
SECTOR.
20032003
DOWN
ACTIVITY
SECTOR.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKET
IN THE88,6%
TOURISM INDUSTRY
100,0%
80,7%
80,0%
82,8%
72,8%
NATIONAL 81,5%
60,0%
44,9%
40,0%
20,0%
0,0%
Agriculture
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
Industry
Construction
Services
Tourism
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKET
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
WAGE
EARNERS
-Representing 11% of total wage earners,
in the national level
- Accounting 17% of total wage earners,
in the service sector
- Male workers outnumber females,
Workers are fairly young (62% are under
40 years old)
-Half the total have secondary education
WAGE-EARNERS IN THE TOURISM
INDUSTRY, BROKEN DOWN BY SEX AND
CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE LABOUR MARKET
TYPE OF CONTRACT. 2003
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
80%
74%
70%
Open
ended
PERMANENT
60%
60%
TEMPORARY
Temporary
50%
40%
40%
26%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Male
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
Female
WAGE-EARNERS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY, BROKEN DOWN BY
AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES AND SEX. 2003
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKET
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
EXPLANATION
< 15 Thousand
From 15 to 40
From 40 to 75
> 75 thousands
Male
Female
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKET
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
SELF-EMPLOYED
- Representing 18% of total self-employed
at the national level
- Accounting 18% of total self-employed at
the service sector
- Representing 27% of those employed in tourism
- Male workers heavily outnumber females
- Less young than wage earners
-Half the total have secondary education
DISTRIBUTION OF SELF-EMPLOYED WORKERS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY AS A PERCENTAGE
OF THE NATIONAL TOTAL, BROKEN DOWN BY AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES. 2003
2,0
5,4 LABOUR MARKET
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
1,4
7,3
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
0,5
3,0
20,1
6,5
3,0
SELF EMPLOYED
9,8
10,2
4,6
2,7
3,9
2,5
12,6
Menos
del3%3%
Less
than
Entre33%
y 6%
From
to 6%
4,4
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
Entre66%
y 9%
From
to 9%
Over
9%
Más del
9%
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKET
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
ANNUAL CHANGE
Grew
in the
female
population
(5%)
Affected
women
in the 35 to
39 years
(18%)
Women with
Postsecondary
studies
(15%)
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BROKEN DOWN BY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKET
ACTIVITY
SECTOR.
2003
IN THE
TOURISM
INDUSTRY
20%
15,5%
15%
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
NATIONAL 11,3%
10%
9,4%
8,9%
7,8%
7,3%
5%
0%
Agriculture
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
Industry
Construction
Services
Tourism
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKET
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Temporary employment rate in
tourism industry
-Counted for 32% of the total of contracts at the
national level
- By sex, although males count for 26%, is much lower
than the women´s temporary employment rate (40%)
- The highest temporary employment rate is found
in Galicia (42%)
TEMPORARY
WORK BY ACTIVITY
SECTOR.
2003
TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT
RATE BROKEN
DOWN
BY
ACTIVITY SECTOR. 2003
70%
60%
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKET
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
59%
50%
Temporary work56%
in tourism
industry
40%
32%
27%
30%
22%
20%
10%
0%
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRY
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
CONSTRUCTION
SERVICES
TOURISM
National 31%
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKET
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Foreign population in
Tourism industry
-Only 5% of the total occupied population in
Spain are foreigners
- 51% of foreign wage earners are women
- The foreign population is predominantly young
75% are less than 39 years
- Most of foreigners are found in Madrid (23%)
FOREIGN
FOREIGN OCCUPIED
WORKING POPULATION BROKEN
7,0
DOWN BY
BY ECONOMIC
ECONOMIC SECTORS.
SECTORS. 2003
DOWN
2003
FOREIGN POPULATION
5,8%
6,0
5,3%
5,3%
5,0
4,0
3,5%
National 3,7%
3,0
2,5%
2,0
1,0
0,0
Tourism
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
Services
Construction
Industry
Agriculture
FOREIGNERS WAGE-EARNERS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY, BROKEN DOWN BY
AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES. 2003
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKET
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
A
<1%
From 1 to 4 %
From 4 to 10%
> 10 %
A
<3%
From 3 to 6 %
From 6 to 10%
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
> 10 %
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE OF THE EMPLOYED
5,0
POPULATION, BROKEN
BY ECONOMIC
CHARACTERISTICS
OF DOWN
THE LABOUR
MARKET
2003
IN THE SECTORS.
TOURISM
INDUSTRY
4,1%
4,0
3,4%
3,0
3,7%
JOB CREATION
IN
THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
NATIONAL 2,7%
2,0
1,0
0,0
Tourism
Services
Construction
Industry
Agriculture
-1,0
-1,0%
-2,0
-2,0%
-3,0
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
ANNUAL VARIATION OF WAGE EARNERS
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY, BROKEN
CHARACTERISTICS
OF OF
THE
LABOUR MARKET
DOWN BY LENGTH
CONTRACT
AND
SEX. 2003
IN THE TOURISM
INDUSTRY
13,0
11,0
JOB CREATION IN
THE
TOURISM INDUSTRY
TEMPORARY
TEMPORARY
9,0
10%
OPEN
ENDED
PERMANENT
6%
7,0
5,0
3%
3,0
1,0
-1,0
-1%
-3,0
-5,0
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
MALE
FEMALE
SEASONALITY COEFFICIENT OF WAGE
SEASONALITY
COEFICIENTS
EARNERS
IN HOTELS.
0,8
2003
0,75
0,7
0,6
GREAT VARIATION FROM REGION TO REGION
0,5
0,4
0,44
0,35
0,3
0,2
0,32
BALEARICS
HIGHEST DEGREE
OF SEASONALITY
CANARIES &
MADRID LOW
DEGREE OF
SEASONALITY
0,07
0,07
0,1
0,36
0,32
0,2
0
Nacional
Baleares
Canarias
Andalucía
Cataluña
C.Valenciana
Madrid
Galicia
C. Y León
TOURISM PRESSURE (NUMBER OF
TOURISM PRESSURE
TOURISTS
PER INHABITANT).
ISLANDS
TOURISM
1,80
2003
1,60
1,40
1,20
1,00
0,80
0,60
0,40
0,20
0,00
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
Baleares
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
Canarias
NOV
DEC
TOURISM PRESSURE (NUMBER OF
TOURISTS
PER PRESSURE
INHABITANT). 2003
TOURISM
MEDITERRANEAN TOURISM
0,16
0,14
0,12
0,10
0,08
0,06
0,04
0,02
0,00
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
Cataluña
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
C.Valenciana
NOV
DEC
TOURISM PRESSURE (NUMBER OF
TOURISTS
0,10
TOURISM PRESSURE
INTERNAL
TOURISM
PER INHABITANT).
2003
0,09
0,08
0,07
0,06
0,05
0,04
0,03
0,02
0,01
0,00
ENERO
FEBR
MARZO
C. y León
ABRIL
MAYO
JUN
JUL
AGOS
Andalucía
SEPT
OCT
NOV
Galicia
DIC
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKET
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
EMPLOYMENT IN
THE FUTURE
ADMINISTRATIVE
REGISTER
UNEMPLOYED
POPULATION
SOCIAL
SECURITY
WORKERS
SURVEY
SPANISH
SHORT-TERM
LABOUR
SURVEY
QUARTERLY
LABOUR
COST
SURVEY
THE SPANISH
LABOUR MARKET IN
THE TOURISM
INDUSTRY, 2003
[email protected]
Teresa Guardia
June 2004