BUILDING VOCABULARY
SKILLS
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Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
BUILDING
VOCABULARY SKILLS
Fourth Edition
Sherrie L. Nist
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five
Chapter 26
ascend
initiate
finite
literally
infinite
lure
inflict
mania
ingenious
nostalgia
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
1 ascend
– verb
The express elevator ascends directly from the hotel lobby to the
restaurant on the twentieth floor.
Edgar is the boss’s son, so he expects to ascend to the presidency of
the company after his father retires.
Choose the meaning closest
to that of the boldfaced word.
Silver Spoon via Wikimedia Commons
Ascend means
A. to go slowly.
B. to go down.
C. to move upward.
Three ascending musical notes
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
1 ascend
– verb
The express elevator ascends directly from the hotel lobby to the
restaurant on the twentieth floor.
Edgar is the boss’s son, so he expects to ascend to the presidency of
the company after his father retires.
Silver Spoon via Wikimedia Commons
Ascend means
A. to go slowly.
B. to go down.
C. to move upward.
Three ascending musical notes
If the elevator goes from the lobby to the
twentieth floor, it must move upward.
Edgar would expect to move upward to
the presidency (the highest position) of
the company.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
2 finite
– adjective
The earth’s supply of natural resources is finite. If we are not careful,
we will use it up.
NASA ESA via Wikimedia Commons
Judging by their endless requests for money, most children don’t seem
to realize that their parents’ income is finite.
Finite means
A. limited.
B. endless.
C. fine.
Our earth has a finite number of moons.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
2 finite
– adjective
The earth’s supply of natural resources is finite. If we are not careful,
we will use it up.
NASA ESA via Wikimedia Commons
Judging by their endless requests for money, most children don’t seem
to realize that their parents’ income is finite.
Finite means
A. limited.
B. endless.
C. fine.
If the earth’s supply of natural
resources can be used up, it must
be limited. If the children make
endless requests for money, they
must not realize that their parents’
income is limited.
Our earth has a finite number of moons.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center via Wikimedia Commons
3 infinite
– adjective
Some scientists do not believe the universe is infinite; they think it
actually has limits.
Dealing with my baby brother, who cries a lot, requires an infinite
amount of patience.
Infinite means
A. endless.
B. known.
C. small.
The night sky seems to have
an infinite number of stars.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center via Wikimedia Commons
3 infinite
– adjective
Some scientists do not believe the universe is infinite; they think it
actually has limits.
Dealing with my baby brother, who cries a lot, requires an infinite
amount of patience.
Infinite means
A. endless.
B. known.
C. small.
The scientists who think the universe
has limits must not believe that it is
endless. If the baby brother cries a
lot, it would require an endless
amount of patience to deal with him.
The night sky seems to have
an infinite number of stars.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
4 inflict
– verb
When Marge is angry, she tries to inflict pain with a cutting remark—
a habit that does not make her popular with her classmates.
Loud music can eventually inflict permanent damage on your hearing.
George Cruikshank (1792-1878) via Wikimedia Commons
Inflict means
A. to prevent.
B. to cause.
C. to recognize.
An 1819 drawing of demons
inflicting a headache on a gentleman
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
4 inflict
– verb
When Marge is angry, she tries to inflict pain with a cutting remark—
a habit that does not make her popular with her classmates.
Loud music can eventually inflict permanent damage on your hearing.
George Cruikshank (1792-1878) via Wikimedia Commons
Inflict means
A. to prevent.
B. to cause.
C. to recognize.
A cutting remark would cause pain.
Loud music can cause permanent
damage to one’s hearing.
An 1819 drawing of demons
inflicting a headache on a gentleman
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
– adjective
5 ingenious
Fran thought she had an ingenious plan to sneak out of the house,
but it wasn’t clever enough to fool her grandmother.
Few people have been as ingenious as Thomas Edison, inventor of
the electric light, the phonograph, and the movie camera.
Ingenious means
A. average.
B. unimaginative.
C. clever.
Oh1qt via Wikimedia Commons
A water clock is
an ingenious way
to measure time.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
– adjective
5 ingenious
Fran thought she had an ingenious plan to sneak out of the house,
but it wasn’t clever enough to fool her grandmother.
Few people have been as ingenious as Thomas Edison, inventor of
the electric light, the phonograph, and the movie camera.
Oh1qt via Wikimedia Commons
A water clock is
an ingenious way
to measure time.
Ingenious means
A. average.
B. unimaginative.
C. clever.
In the first item, the word clever tells you
the meaning of ingenious. In the second
item, the person who invented the
electric light, the phonograph, and the
movie camera must have been clever.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
6 initiate
– verb
Fristle via Wikimedia Commons
Eric initiated a change in his company’s hiring policy by suggesting
that all job openings be advertised.
True leaders initiate new practices, rather than simply following other
people’s programs.
Initiate means
A. to remember.
B. to begin.
C. to oppose.
President Barak Obama initiates the 2010
baseball season by throwing the first pitch.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
6 initiate
– verb
Fristle via Wikimedia Commons
Eric initiated a change in his company’s hiring policy by suggesting
that all job openings be advertised.
True leaders initiate new practices, rather than simply following other
people’s programs.
Initiate means
A. to remember.
B. to begin.
C. to oppose.
President Barak Obama initiates the 2010
baseball season by throwing the first pitch.
If Eric suggested the change in
policy, he began the change in
policy. In the second item, if a
practice is new, it has to be
begun by someone.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
7 literally
– adverb
© Blue Ring Media Pty Ltd | Dreamstime.com
As a child, Jan took the term “Man in the moon” literally. She was sure
she saw his eyes, nose, and mouth up there.
When I told my nephew to “go fly a kite,” I was speaking literally—I
gave him a kite for his birthday.
Literally means
A. exactly.
B. angrily.
C. fearfully.
A couch potato—literally
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
7 literally
– adverb
© Blue Ring Media Pty Ltd | Dreamstime.com
As a child, Jan took the term “Man in the moon” literally. She was sure
she saw his eyes, nose, and mouth up there.
When I told my nephew to “go fly a kite,” I was speaking literally—I
gave him a kite for his birthday.
Literally means
A. exactly.
B. angrily.
C. fearfully.
A couch potato—literally
If Jan was sure she saw the eyes,
nose, and mouth, she must have
thought the term “Man in the moon”
means exactly what it says. If you
give someone a kite and tell him to
“go fly a kite,” you mean exactly
what you say.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
8 lure
– verb
The bakery lured customers by displaying richly decorated cakes and
cookies in its windows.
The loud music and flashing lights lured many teens to the carnival.
© Danny Smythe | Dreamstime.com
Lure means
A. to force.
B. to discourage.
C. to tempt.
A piece of cheese is needed
to lure mice into this trap.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
8 lure
– verb
The bakery lured customers by displaying richly decorated cakes and
cookies in its windows.
The loud music and flashing lights lured many teens to the carnival.
© Danny Smythe | Dreamstime.com
Lure means
A. to force.
B. to discourage.
C. to tempt.
By displaying richly decorated
cakes and cookies, the bakery
would be tempting customers.
The music and lights would
tempt teens.
A piece of cheese is needed
to lure mice into this trap.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
9 mania
– noun
My sister has such a mania for birdwatching that she once climbed a
tree to get a better view of a woodpecker.
Because he’s so thin, you’d never guess Ken has a mania for chocolate,
which he eats daily.
Mania means
A. a memory.
B. an intense enthusiasm.
C. respect.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
9 mania
– noun
My sister has such a mania for birdwatching that she once climbed a
tree to get a better view of a woodpecker.
Because he’s so thin, you’d never guess Ken has a mania for chocolate,
which he eats daily.
Mania means
A. a memory.
B. an intense enthusiasm.
C. respect.
Anyone who would climb a tree to get a better view of a woodpecker
must have an intense enthusiasm for birdwatching. If Ken eats
chocolate daily, he must have an intense enthusiasm for it.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
10 nostalgia
– noun
Greg Gjerdingen via Wikimedia Commons
Music from the 1940s fills my grandparents with nostalgia because it
reminds them of their carefree youth.
When he came across an old photo of his Little League team, Jerry was
overcome with nostalgia. He wished he could be ten years old again.
Nostalgia means
A. a sense of freedom.
B. thoughts of the future.
C. a longing for the past.
A classic car can make people feel
nostalgia for life as it used to be.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Ten Words in Context
10 nostalgia
– noun
Greg Gjerdingen via Wikimedia Commons
Music from the 1940s fills my grandparents with nostalgia because it
reminds them of their carefree youth.
When he came across an old photo of his Little League team, Jerry was
overcome with nostalgia. He wished he could be ten years old again.
Nostalgia means
A. a sense of freedom.
B. thoughts of the future.
C. a longing for the past.
If the music reminds the grandparents
of their carefree youth, it would fill
them with a longing for the past. If
Jerry wished he could be ten years
old again, he had a longing for the past.
A classic car can make people feel
nostalgia for life as it used to be.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
Complete the item with the correct word from the box.
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
1. We often _________ conversations with routine
questions or comments, such as “How are you today?”
or “Hello there.”
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
1. We often _________
initiate conversations with routine
questions or comments, such as “How are you today?”
or “Hello there.”
“How are you today” and “Hello there” are ways
to start a conversation.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
2. Although the English alphabet is __________, the possible
combinations of its letters are almost endless.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
2. Although the English alphabet is __________,
finite
the possible
combinations of its letters are almost endless.
The English alphabet is limited. It has only twenty-six letters.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
3. Many people think of dentists as people who actually
like to __________ pain.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
3. Many people think of dentists as people who actually
inflict
like to __________
pain.
Many people think dentists like to cause pain.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
4. Sue feels a wave of __________ when she thinks about
the happy days of her childhood on the farm.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
4. Sue feels a wave of __________
nostalgia when she thinks about
the happy days of her childhood on the farm.
Thinking about the happy days of her childhood would make
Sue feel a wave of sadness and longing for that past.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
5. The opportunity to be helpful _________s people to such
fields as nursing and teaching.
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
5. The opportunity to be helpful __________
lures
people to such
fields as nursing and teaching.
People are tempted to go into nursing and teaching by the
opportunities those fields offer to be helpful.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
6. Because of a(n) _______ for the latest computer game,
stores couldn’t keep enough in stock.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
6. Because of a _________
mania for the latest computer game,
stores couldn’t keep enough in stock.
If the stores couldn’t keep the game in stock, there
must have been extreme enthusiasm for it.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
7. By working hard, Layla quickly _______(e)d the ladder
of success, from secretary to office manager.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
7. By working hard, Layla quickly __________
ascended the ladder
of success, from secretary to office manager.
If Layla went from secretary to office manager,
she must have climbed the ladder of success.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
8. There are so many stars in the sky that their number
seems __________.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
8. There are so many stars in the sky that their number
infinite
seems __________.
There are so many stars that their number
seems without limit.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
9. When temperatures are in the nineties, I’m grateful to the
__________ person who invented the air conditioner.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
9. When temperatures are in the nineties, I’m grateful to the
ingenious person who invented the air conditioner.
__________
The person who invented the air conditioner
must have been clever.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
10. Felipe kicked the bucket—__________. In other words,
he only stubbed his toe; he didn’t die.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Sentence Check 1
A. ascend
B. finite
C. infinite
D. inflict
E. ingenious
F. initiate
G. literally
H. lure
I. mania
J. nostalgia
literally In other words,
10. Felipe kicked the bucket—__________.
he only stubbed his toe; he didn’t die.
If Felipe stubbed his toe on the bucket, he must have kicked the
bucket according to the exact meaning of the words—rather than
according to their non-literal meaning, which is “to die.”
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
Try to define each of the words from this chapter. The words will appear
one at a time as you advance the slides.
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
Desire for something in the past;
a feeling of pleasure, sadness, and
longing when remembering
something from the past
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
mania
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
mania
Extreme enthusiasm; obsession;
fascination
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
mania
ascend
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
mania
ascend
To go up; rise; climb;
move upward
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
mania
ascend
lure
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
mania
ascend
lure
To attract by tempting; tempt
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
mania
ascend
lure
initiate
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
mania
ascend
lure
initiate
To begin something; start
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
finite
mania
ascend
lure
initiate
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
finite
mania
Having limits; limited
ascend
lure
initiate
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
finite
mania
infinite
ascend
lure
initiate
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
finite
mania
infinite
ascend
Without limits; endless
lure
initiate
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
finite
mania
infinite
ascend
ingenious
lure
initiate
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
finite
mania
infinite
ascend
ingenious
lure
Clever; inventive
initiate
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
finite
mania
infinite
ascend
ingenious
lure
inflict
initiate
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
finite
mania
infinite
ascend
ingenious
lure
inflict
initiate
To give or cause (pain or
hardship)
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
finite
mania
infinite
ascend
ingenious
lure
inflict
initiate
literally
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
finite
mania
infinite
ascend
ingenious
lure
inflict
initiate
literally
According to the exact meaning
of the words; exactly
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Unit Five/ Chapter 26
Chapter Review
nostalgia
finite
mania
infinite
ascend
ingenious
lure
inflict
initiate
literally
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit Five
Chapter 26
ascend
initiate
finite
literally
infinite
lure
inflict
mania
ingenious
nostalgia
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.