Islamic Intellectual Theology
Lesson 6 – Tawheed
Remaining Proofs of Existence of God
Sources :
ELAHIYAAT (Arabic) of Sh. Ja’far
Sobhani , Vol. 1 (Summary)
Edited: May 24, 2009 - BHD
Three Proofs of the Existence of God
Proof of intelligent design (NAZM) modern or scientific theory (4
approaches)
 Proof of possibility (IMKAAN)
 Proof of existence of matter
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Proof of Design: 4 Basics Principles
1.
2.
3.
4.
Acceptance of the existence of this world and the
universe in reality in that it is not a matrix but a real
world and the mind only reflects the images of such
realities.
The nature on the universe is governed by the laws
of nature (from physics, chemistry, biology,
mathematics) and human achievements are due to
knowing and applying such laws.
The entire universe and whatever systems and
causes exist in it is governed by the concept of
causality.
The affect does not indicate the cause only but it
indicates the characteristics of the cause from its
brilliance, intelligence, uniqueness, and other
perfections and attributes. (Painting and Painter)
Examples
Pile of building material cannot by it self make a
building. It requires a builder (maker required)
 Pile of building material becomes a house by an
intelligent builder and if it is destroyed by a flood it will
not be a built house. (intellect – intention required)
 If two people typing a book and one is knowledgeable
and the other is ignorant, the results of both will be
obviously different (maker must be knowledgeable,
intelligent, and perfect - not every maker is perfect)
 Conclusion: The effects of a cause do not just
indicate that there is a cause for, but indicates how
the cause came about. If the effect was not good like
the book which was written by an ignorant person
then it will indicate that such person wrote it, and if it
was a marvelous universe then it indicates a
marvelous maker.
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Designer of the Computer’s Brain
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I was told to design an electronic calculator
which can solve complicated problems and
equations
After using hundreds of tools, and
electromechanical equipment, putting great
efforts and baring difficulties over the for such
a purpose I was able to make a small device
(computer), which cannot exist by itself.
How could our universe filled with so many
delicate equipments and is more complicated
than the computer can exist without a wise
designer and maker?
Many modern scientists used this method to
prove the existence of God, which will be
discussed further later.
2nd Approach for Proof of Design (NAZM)
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There is a connection or the interaction and
the interrelation in the components of the
universe.
The scientists proved that there is a
connection and a link between the parts of the
entire world, and they are strongly interrelated
in a way that they affect each other.
Such indicates that there is an intelligent
designer behind it.
Example: The plant needs the CO2 released
by animals to make food (sugar), so that the
animal can eat, and oxygen so that they can
breath.
Who made this relationship and cycle between
the animal and the plant kingdom.
An intelligent designer.
3rd Approach: Purpose and Aim
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The design of the world is in such a way
that every parts of it serves a purpose and
aim.
The aim and purpose eliminates the
possibility of chance and coincidence.
The reproductive systems in the male and
the female, both are different in a way that
both serve its purpose
The purpose of the various functions of
the womb = the whole process of the
creation of the child from conception to the
delivery.
The aim and the purpose in things indicate
that there is brilliant designer behind it.
4th Approach: Calculating the Probabilities
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There are conditions for every and each natural
phenomena such as conditions for water vapor
from the sea, rain, body functions, enzymes and
hormones, etc. All phenomena act on certain
calculations, percentages, numbers, equations,
and calculations which forms the conditions of its
functions.
These can not be counted because they
approach infinity for every component of the
universe from movement of the components of
every single atom to the components of every
single galaxy which exceed millions of galaxies.
When calculating the probabilities of all such
happening by chance, the conclusion will be that
It is impossible that all these conditions and
calculations act based on chance and
coincidence (as explained previously)
Examples Eliminating Chance
The precise thinness of the atmosphere
 The distance of the earth from the sun
 The precise percentage of Oxygen (21%)
The life on the earth requires certain factors
such as mentioned above
If the these factors are changed then a
disturbance or destruction will happen in
the life on Earth.
Conclusion: How could the chance produce
factors of life in such specific details and in
a very intellectually organized fashion
without an intellectual organizer?
Why didn’t it repeat it after millions of years?
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Soul doesn’t Bow to Scientific Measures
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Until now the soul has not been subjected to
scientific knowledge, and the questions are
always surrounding this unknown creature
within us. What exactly it is? How does it
come to the body and depart? Is it from the
matter or metaphysical?
The question is who causes this soul or this
energy to enter the body and leave the
body?
Another question is that how did the chance
repeat in sending souls to the bodies, and
why did chance not stop after the creation of
the earth?
Can chance and coincidence do all these
things, or can the nature do it without any
intellect and awareness?
Problem Raised on Proof of
NAZM or Designer:
This proof is based on considering a
similarity between the natural things and
man made things (building, computer)
 The similarity between these two types is
not sufficient, because the universe has
been made naturally, unlike man made
things which are a production of repeated
past experiments and efforts. The ruling
can not be taken from one to another and
compared.
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Response
This proof is not observing at the concept of
experiment and similarity between the two types
mentioned (universe vs. man made)
 The whole proof is merely logical and based on
the intellectual concept of causality.
 The universe indicates that the primary or the
final cause of it must be an intellectual wise
creator (intelligent designer)
 The contents of the universe is interrelated and
interlinked in a way that it indicates an integrity
in its components from the atom and cell to the
human and the galaxies.
 Such cannot be out of coincidence, and does
not indicate a cause only but indicates an
intelligent designer who is wise and intellectual
creator.
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