1
NAME:
GCSE PE
TOPIC 1.2.1
 Different Body Types
 Optimum Weight
 Weight-related conditions
 Performance-enhancing and recreational drugs
 Risk assessment and preventing injuries
Current Grade:
Target Grade:
2
BOOKLET OBJECTIVES:
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Develop knowledge and understanding of the three different body types.
Describe how body shape can have an effect of participation and performance.
Understand the term ‘optimum weight’ and explain why this varies according to
height, gender, bone structure and muscle girth.
Develop knowledge and understanding of different terms used to describe medical
conditions related to weight.
Develop knowledge and understanding of both performance-enhancing and
recreational drugs.
Understanding the impact drugs have on the wellbeing and performance of sports
performers.
Understand the risks associated with participating in physical activities.
Lesson 1
3
Different Body Types
Bodies come in all shapes and sizes but can be grouped into three basic types
called SOMATOTYPES:
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Lesson 1
4
SAMATOTYPE GRADING
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Lesson 1
5
TASK
Look at the pictures below and using the chart on the previous page
state which somatotype grading they would be giving a reason for
your answer?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6
Lesson 1
EXAM STYLE QUESTIONS
1) The performers pictured above have the same body type (SOMATOTYPE).
A) Name the body type of these two athletes?
B) Name two characteristics of this body type?
C) Name one advantage of this body type for:
i) the high jumper:
ii) the long distance runner:
2) The performers pictured above have the same body type (SOMATOTYPE).
A) Name the body type of these two athletes?
B) Name two characteristics of this body type?
C) Name one advantage of this body type for:
i) the rugby player:
ii) the weight lifter:
Lesson 1
7
Extended Writing Question
Extreme body types (somatypes) are classified as endomorph, mesomorph or ectomorph.
Discuss whether an extreme mesomorph would be the ideal body type for endurance
activities such as long distance running.
(EDEXCEL GCSE PE EXAM 2013)
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 2
8
LESSON 2 STARTER
Name and describe the three somatotypes, giving a sporting example for each?
1)
2)
3)
Lesson 2
9
OPTIMUM WEIGHT
The dictionary definition of ‘optimum’ is ‘most favourable’ or ‘best
compromise’.
FACTORS AFFECTING OPTIMUM WEIGHT
HEIGHT:
GENDER:
BONE STRUCTURE:
MUSCLE GIRTH:
GENETICS:
Lesson 2
10
OPTIMUM WEIGHT in SPORTS
The optimum weight for individual sports performers varies widely according
to the sport.
Using your sporting knowledge explain why the optimum weight of these
sports performers might vary? (Give specific reasons)
RUGBY PROP and RUGBY WINGER:
JOCKEY and SHOT PUTTER:
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 2
11
LOSING WEIGHT
People who want to lose weight usually do this by:
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BMI
Research using the internet BMI making sure you comment on the following
points:
o What does it stand for?
o What is it?
o What are the different categories?
o How is it measured?
Lesson 2
12
HOMEWORK
Using the BMI table state which category these athletes come under
and explain the impact this has on their performance?
Joseph O’Brien –
(JOCKEY)
Bradley Wiggins (CYCLIST)
Matt Stevens (RUGBY PLAYER)
Height: 1.78m
Weight: 55KG
BMI:
Category:
Height: 1.90m
Weight: 69KG
BMI:
Category:
Height: 1.87m
Weight: 122KG
BMI:
Category:
Lesson 3
13
Lesson 3 Starter
Complete the sentances below using the words at the bottom of the
page:
1) Many athletes have different ___________________, this is often
referred to as their frame size. The bigger your bones, the _________
the athlete will be so their optimal weight will be __________.
2) _________________ refers to how tall an athlete is. Normally
taller people weigh more than __________________ people.
3) ____________ also effects a persons optimal weight as men often
have __________________and more __________________ than
females.
4) Muscle girth is basically the ___________ of a persons muscles.
The more musclesyou have the _________ your optimal weight will
be. Muscla gith can often be increase through ____________
e.g. _____________________.
5) Many people inherit their body shape and size through ________
passed on from their parents. These are often referred to as
____________.
Weight Training
Size
Larger bones
Height
Genetics
Training
Bone structures
Genes
Smaller
Heavier
Increased
Gender
Muscles
Higher
Lesson 3
14
Weight-Related Conditions
There are a number of terms used to describe medical conditions related to
weight:
ANOREXIC:
KEY TERM:
OBESE:
KEY TERM:
OVERFAT:
KEY TERM:
Lesson 3
15
OVERWEIGHT:
KEY TERM:
UNDERWEIGHT:
KEY TERM:
Lesson 3
16
HOW CAN THESE CONDITIONS AFFECT AN ATHLETES
PERFORMANCE?
Each of these conditions can affect an athlete’s performance within a sport. In the boxes provided below state
what effects these many have on an athlete’s performance?
ANOREXIC
OBESE
Negative
Negative
EXERCISE
OVERFAT
OVERWEIGHT
UNDERWEIGHT
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
Positive
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Linking Body Conditions to Sport
For each condition below name two sports where this would help and explain
why?
Underweight:
Overweight:
Overfat:
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 4
18
Lesson 4 Starter
WHAT DO I MEAN?
ANOREXIC
Having weight in
excess of normal
Weighing less than is
OBESE
normal, healthy or
injured
OVERFAT
People who are very
overfat
A prolonged eating
OVERWEIGHT
disorder due to the
loss of appetite
UNDERWEIGHT
Having body fat in
excess of normal
Lesson 4
19
PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUGS
Why do people take performance-enhancing drugs?
1)
2)
3)
What negative affects does it have on sports?
1)
2)
3)
Lesson 4
20
PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUG
ANABOLIC STEROIDS
WHAT DO THEY DO?
SIDE EFFECTS?
KEY TERM
BETA BLOCKERS
WHAT DO THEY DO?
SIDE EFFECTS?
KEY TERM
Lesson 4
21
PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUG
DIURETICS
WHAT DO THEY DO?
SIDE EFFECTS?
KEY TERM
NARCOTICS ANALGESICS
WHAT DO THEY DO?
SIDE EFFECTS?
KEY TERM
Lesson 4
22
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT
Research the following sports performers who have been caught using performance
enhancing drugs. State what drug they used, what effect this drug had and what where the
consequences of them being caught?
DWAIN CHAMBERS:
LANCE ARMSTRONG:
KIM JONG-SU:
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 4
23
Extended Writing Question
Discuss the use of steroids to enhance performance in athletic events. (Summer 2014 Exam)
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 5
24
LESSON 5 STARTER
Give three reasons why athletes may decide to take performance enhancing
drugs:
Why do performers who are caught taking performance enhancing drugs have
a negative effect on their sport?
What type of drug allows performers to lose weight quickly?
What type of drug has calming and relaxing effects on a performer?
What type of drug allows performers to increase muscle mass?
What type of drug can performers use to relief pain?
Lesson 5
25
PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUG
STIMULANTS
WHAT DO THEY DO?
SIDE EFFECTS?
KEY TERM
Lesson 5
26
PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUG
PEPTIDE HORMONES
HUMAN GROWTH HORMONES
SIDE EFFECTS?
ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO)
SIDE EFFECTS?
KEY TERM
Lesson 5
27
RECREATIONAL DRUGS
SMOKING / NICOTINE:
ALCOHOL:
Lesson 5
28
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT
Research the following sports performers who have been caught using performance
enhancing drugs. State what drug they used, what effect this drug had and what where the
consequences of them being caught?
ALEX SCHWAZER:
NIKOLAY MARFIN and VADIM RAKITIN:
AJ ALLMENDINGER
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 5
29
Extended Writing Question
The ‘Tour de France’ in the past has been surrounded by controversy due to competitors
taking performance enhancing drugs to succeed. In your opinion which drugs would help
within this event and explain why?
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 6
30
STARTER
In groups explain how the following things can be a risk in sport?
1) Performer Him / Herself:
2) Other Participants / Opponents:
3) Environmental Conditions
4) Equipment:
5) The sport you take part in:
Lesson 6
31
RISK ASSESSMENT AND PREVENTING INJURIES
RISK ASSESSMENT:
CHECKING EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES:
In the table below state what needs to be checked and why in each sport:
BASKETBALL / NETBALL
RUGBY
SPORT OF YOUR CHOICE =
Lesson 6
32
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:
In the table below state what protective equipment is required in each sport and why is it
needed:
RUGBY
CRICKET
SPORT OF YOUR CHOICE =
Lesson 6
33
RULES AND REGULATIONS:
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Choose 2 sports and state 2 rules in each which prevent serious injuries from
taking place:
Sport 1:
Sport 2:
Lesson 6
34
EXTENDED WRITING QUESTION
The ability to identify and reduce risks associated with physical activity is essential to minimise
injury.
For a physical activity of your choice, explain how to reduce a variety of risks associated with that
activity in order to maintain physical health.
(Edexcel Exam 2012)
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 7
35
LESSON 7 STARTER
Name 3 thinks the referee must check before the following sports can begin:
Football
Netball
CHOOSE 3 SPORTS WHICH USES EQUIPMENT TO PROTECT ITS PERFORMERS, STATING WHAT
THE EQUIPMENT IS AND WHY IT IS USED?
SPORT 1:
SPORT 2:
SPORT 2:
Lesson 7
36
Personal Responsibilities
Warm-up / Cool Down:
Jewellery:
Personal Presentation:
Clothing:
Behaviour / Sticking to the Rules:
Lesson 7
37
BALANCED COMPETITION
WEIGHT CATEGORIES:
MIXED OR SINGLE SEX:
AGE:
HANDICAP SYSTEM:
Lesson 7
38
PAST EXAM QUESTIONS
1) Participating in activities like white-water rafting, shown in Figure 5, involves risk.
Other than drowning, identify a risk that could be associated with this activity and a
measure that could be used to reduce this risk.
Risk
_____________________________________________________________________
Measure to reduce risk
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(Total for Question 1 = 2 marks)
(Edexcel Exam 2013)
2) Different measures are put in place to reduce the risk of injury in physical activity.
Give three different types of examples to demonstrate how risk of injury is reduced in an activity of
your choice.
Chosen activity
__________________________________________________________________________________
Risk reduced by:
a) ________________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
Risk reduced by:
b) ________________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
Risk reduced by:
c) _________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
(Total for Question 2 = 3 marks)
(Edexcel Exam 2011)
Lesson 7
39
3) The performers in the pictures below have the same body type (somatotype).
Long distance runner
Pole Vaulter
(a) Name the body type of the performers above?
___________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
(b) Describe a characteristic of this body type.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
(c) Give one advantage of this body type for:
(i) The pole vaulter
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
(ii) The long distance runner.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
Lesson 7
40
The performers in pictures will have a different optimum weight compared to performers in other
athletic activities such as sprinting and shot put.
(d) State two factors that will cause optimum weight to vary between individuals competing in the
same event.
1.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
2.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)
(Edexcel Exam 2012)
4) Several different categories of performance enhancing drugs are listed in the table below.
Anabolic Steroids
Beta Blockers
Peptide Hormones / EPO
Diuretics
Stimulants
Narcotic Analgesics
(a) Using this information, identify the relevant category of drug referred to in each of the
following statements.
(i) Long distance runners are more likely to use this class of drug than sprinters.
_________________________________________________________________________(1)
(ii) Weight lifters may use this class of drug to mask the pain of a torn muscle.
_________________________________________________________________________(1)
(iii) Archers may use this class of drug because of its calming effect to improve their
accuracy.
_________________________________________________________________________(1)
(iv) Some performers will use this class of drug to mask the use of other types of drugs.
_________________________________________________________________________(1)
(b) All of these drugs have potentially harmful side effects. Explain why, despite the risks,
some performers will still use them.
_________________________________________________________________________(1)
(c) Give an example of a possible harmful side effect of diuretics.
_________________________________________________________________________(1)
(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)
(Edexcel Exam 2011)
41
EXTENSION WORK
42
EXTENION WORK