INTEGRATING
CHILDREN INTO URBAN
SPACE DESIGN:
“PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS”
PROJECT
SEBLA ARIN (Ph.D.)
AHSEN ÖZSOY (Prof. Dr.)
CHILD IN THE CITY
CONFERENCE
8th EDITION
GHENT - BELGIUM
7-9 NOVEMBER 2016
METHODOLOGY:
BUILT ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN: A PARTICIPATORY MODEL
EDUCATIONAL
THEORIES
PARTICIPATION
B.E.E.
CASE STUDY: GWB
(GAME WITHOUT BARRIERS)
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B.E.E. MODEL
CHILDREN/YOUTH/CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
EDUCATIONAL THEORIES
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Friedrich Froebel: «kindergarten»
Rudolf Steiner: Waldorf Method – individual development
based om emphaty
John Dewey: «democracy» in education
Maria Montessori: Montessori Method
Loris Malaguzzi: Reggio Emilia Method/ (informal), social
environment effecting education
Educational Media & Methods
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Position of the educator
Experience based learning
Collaboration and co-production
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Piaget
Vygotsky
Krampen
 Individual and
society
interaction
 Social factors in
child
development
 Personal
experience
 Interdiciplinary
interaction
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
PARTICIPATION
representational democracy
participatory democracy
passive citizen
active citizen
Right to the city: LeFebvre, Harvey
GOVERNANCE
two-way responsibility
communicative rationalism
decentralization
democracy
openness
pluralism
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
PARTICIPATION
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Arnstein’s Ladder of Participation | 1969
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Not sustainable nor continious
No new power
No change in statuco
The aim is «educating» or
«healing» the public by power
/ government.
Hart’s Ladder of Children’s Participation | 1992
Citizens become a part of decision
making mechanisms
«nobody» become «somebody»
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
PARTICIPATION
Child and youth participation
The concept of «child participation» was first mentioned in 1989 The United Nations
Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC).
Article 12
1. States Parties shall assure to the child who is capable of forming his or her own
views the right to express those views freely in all matters affecting the child, the
views of the child being given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity
of the child.
2. For this purpose, the child shall in particular be provided the opportunity to be
heard in any judicial and administrative proceedings affecting the child, either
directly, or through a representative or an appropriate body, in a manner consistent
with the procedural rules of national law.
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1992 Rio de Janerio Earth Summit
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1994 Bologna Children Manifest
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1996 Habitat
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2004 UNICEF “Child Friendly Cities” Framework
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
PARTICIPATION
Child and youth participation
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Knowles-Yanez (2005), states that involving children in social decision taking
processes should be evaluated with in the context of youth activism, citizen
participation, children rights, experimental education and sustainability.
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The change in «being a child» with time
CHILD
FAMILY
CLOSE ENVIRONMENT
SOCIETY
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
PARTICIPATION
Child and youth participation
An ideal child participation project should be
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transparent,
have voluntary basis,
promote children to present their ideas,
let children understand the whole process with all its aspects,
let the children to see the results of their participation and effort .
children participation projects shouldn’t focus on making researches about
children, but making researches with/by children.
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
BUILT ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION
SOCIETY
&
PARTICIPATION
architecture
landscape architecture
urban planning
art
antropology
CHILD
&
EDUCATION
B
E
E
HUMAN
&
ENVIRONMENT
Intersecting Areas in BEE | Bishop, Adams, Keen; 1992
Built Environment: living spaces designed by people
sociology
psychology
economy
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
BUILT ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION
basic framework of built environment education
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Belgrade Conference on Environmental Education (1975)
Tbilisi Ingovernmental Conference on Environmental Education (1977)
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The social evolution in 1970’s
Citizen rights
The rising importance of local governments
Citizen as an active figure in local government
Pluralism / multi-diciplinary studies
«ecology»
Awareness of user responsibilities in built environment
built environment education programmes are being arranged by many institutions:
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Chamber of Architects
NGO’s
Municipalities
Universities
museums and art institutions
private initiatives.
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
Aim:
• Provide necessary cognition for participating into urban design
processes.
• Promote participatory projects, contribute to produce qualified and
sustainable environments.
• Support urban dwellers adopt to their living environments. Make
them take more responsibility about environmental subjects.
• Provide a participatory platform which let children and young
people take a role in local government.
• Design a playground project where disabled and non-disabled
children play together by participants of PWB.
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
Participants’ age range: 8-14 years old
ability to perceive built environment
self-expression
to use architectural representative techniques
Criteria for Participants:
• inclusive: (24 unhandicapped + 6 handicapped children)
• involving actual users: (selected from nearby schools)
• convenient age range: 8-14years old
Shareholders:
Departments of Architecture and Education from the universities in Bursa & Istanbul (BOU,
BTU, ITU, UU)
Nilüfer Municipality
NKK (Nilüfer City Council)
District National Education Directorate (under the Ministry of National Education)
Chamber of Architects-Bursa Branch
Chamber of Landscape Architects-Bursa Branch.
Methodology: 1st term: theoritical education (11 weeks)
2nd term: practical education (16 weeks)
~4 hours/week (Every Saturday)
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
1st TERM
1st SECTION
THEORY
2nd SECTION
BASIC DESIGN
3rd SECTION
ANALYSIS &
PREPARATORY
EXERCISES
4th SECTION
PLAYGROUND
PROJECT
DESIGN
2nd TERM
Week
Week
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Creative Drama & Introduction
Human Rights, Children Rights & Disabled Rights
Constituting a Project
The Use of Public Space
Sustainability, Environment & Ecology
Evolution of "Play"
Built Environment / Recycling
Body & Architecture
Urban Space & Urban Management
Architectural Cognition / Landscape Design
Eskişehir / Park Trip
What is Architecture? / YogArch
Basic Design
Architectural Basics
Site Visit
Open Debate
Site Plan & Model Making
Introduction to plants & Model Making
WORKSHOP: Urban Experience
Designing Playground
Designing Playground
Model Making
Jury / Taking critics on the project
Reviewing the jury decisions/ self critization
Developing the playground design
Developing the playground design
Developing the playground design
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
1st term topics:
• creative drama
• human, children and disabled rights
• designing a social project
• the use of public space
• sustainability, environment and ecology
• game, children and space
• scope of built environment
• waste management
• human body and architecture
• rise of urban space and local authority
• architectural cognition: (architectural design and application,
responsibilities of chamber of architects, open space design)
2nd term topics:
• basic design education
• architectural representational techniques
• architectural analysis
• creating space
• designing for a specific purpose
• designing for the user’s needs
• representation of a spatial solution
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
Basic Design
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Structural principles
Notion of space
Proportion, scale, balance, rhytm
Architectural presentation techniques
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
Architectural Presentation Workshop
Mapping and scale workshop
YogArch & Clay Workshop
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
Analysis and pre-design
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User & site analysis
Function schema
Site model
Layout plan
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«Above the Ground» workshop – Urban Awareness
Layout Plan / Model
Speaker’s Corner
Site Trip
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
Play-ground project design
• Similar to undergraduate architectural design studio
• Taking table-crits, participants carried on individual and group
studies through which they developed a collaborative project design
• Creating a discussion platform that everybody can participate is
promoted.
• participants («designers»), try and reflect what they really enjoy
doing/playing to their design.
• Participants produce a 1/50 scaled model of the project design as a
group work.
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
Play-ground design approaches
Play equipmen design
Play-ground design
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
Examples of Jury Presentation Boards
Jury Evaluation
Playground site model
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
Working on playground design
Working on playground design
Working on playground design
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
Play-ground design final model
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
The final playground design
might be
examined under
four main topics.
Play-ground fittings: 1.Entrance | 2.Signboards | 3.Paths | 4.Boundry
elements
İndoor space: 5.PWB Center
Earth as a medium of play: 6.Tunnels | 7.Hills | 8.Sense Labyrinth| 9.
«Getting Dirty is Cool !» Area (Mud-pond) | 10.Hydrolophone
Play equipment: 11. Giant chess | 12. Climbing walls| 13.Trambolins | 14.
Tunelled mountain| 15. Geodesic Dome| 16. Daddy tummy| 17. Tree
houses| 18. Toy bank & hospital| 19. Hammocks
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
Exhibition boards of the final project
Final Exhibition| 11.06.2014
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT
Participants answered a short questionaire at the beginning of PWB program. According to
these answers before the educational program:
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Participants weren’t aware of user impact in built environment
2.
They were complaining about the boredom of the child spaces designed by adults
3.
They weren’t aware of user-participation approaches in urban design
4.
They weren’t aware of citizen’s rights and responsibilities arouse just because of living
in the city.
The participants answered another questionaire at the end of the PWB program. According
to these answers after the educational program:
1.
Participants started to see themselves as crucial actors in the formation of built
environment as being the users of it.
2.
Their common life perception got stronger
3.
They developed «city right» consciousness
4.
They found a platform to mention their critics about urban problems, offer their
solutions for these and show their contribution.
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
Final project design
by participants
The application project
EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
APPLICATION PHASE
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
APPLICATION PHASE
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
APPLICATION PHASE
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
APPLICATION PHASE
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
APPLICATION PHASE
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
APPLICATION PHASE
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
«PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS» PROJECT (PWB)
APPLICATION PHASE
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
TIMELINE
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
CONCLUSION:
An extensive built environment education:
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Promotes constructing urban conscious. Makes the user understand
his/her responsibilities for protecting natural and built cultural heritage.
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Contrubutes to internalize participatory processes. By distributing the
methods of constructing participatory built environment design
projects, empowers active citizenship. Extending this culture depends
on increasing the number and context of participatory projects
supported and promoted by local governments.
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Might be used as a medium for integrating young citizens into
construction of built environment. By this way children and youth’s
voices can be heard in the urban environment.
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
CONCLUSION:
Institutionalization of built environment education programs
+
citizen participation projects
=
rise the quality of education
+
constitute minimal standarts of built environment.
INTEGRATING CHILDREN INTO URBAN SPACE DESIGN: “PLAY WITHOUT BARRIERS” PROJECT| SEBLA ARIN – AHSEN ÖZSOY| CHILD IN THE CITY CONFERENCE | NOV. 2016 | GHENT
Thank you
for listening!