abstract_2017_borító_Layout 1 2017. 05. 01. 20:45 Page 1
Abstracts of the
6th International Conference of Economic Sciences
Kaposvár University – Kaposvár – Hungary - 4-5 May 2017
Abstracts of the
6th International Conference of Economic Sciences
Kaposvár University – Kaposvár – Hungary - 4-5 May 2017
Editors:
Katalin Szendrő, PhD
Róbert Barna, PhD
Editorial office:
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Science
H-7400 Kaposvár, Guba Sándor u. 40.
H-7401 Kaposvár, P.O.Box 16.
Tel.: +36-82-505-800, +36-82-505-900; Fax: +36-82-505-896
e-mail: [email protected]
Published and distributed by
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Science
H-7400 Kaposvár, Guba Sándor u. 40.
Printed by Central Press 99 Kkt., 80 copies produced
http://ecs.ke.hu/
Under the supervision of
Anett Parádi-Dolgos PhD
Associate Professor
Dean of Faculty
ISBN 978-615-5599-41-5
May 2017
Kaposvár
ConferenCe sponsors
CONTENTS
7
TwO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN: THE SPECIAl ISSUES OF
DEMAND AND SUPPly IN AGRICUlTURE
17
lOCAl qUESTIONS IN THE AGRICUlTURAl SECTOR
25
MODEllING AND ANAlySIS TECHNIqUES
39
SPECIAl FACTORS INFlUENCING FINANCING:
THE BANKING SySTEM AND TAxATION qUESTIONS
47
THE PROBlEMS OF FINANCING AND PROFITABIlITy
IN THE AGRICUlTURE OF THE 21ST CENTURy
57
SUSTAINABlE AGRICUlTURE, ENvIRONMENTAl RESPONSES
65
TECHNOlOGy ADOPTION IN AGRICUlTURE
73
POSTER SESSION
83
PAPER SUBMISSION wITHOUT PARTICIPATION
SESSion
two sides of the same Coin:
the speCial issues of demand
and supply in agriCulture
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Krisztina Bence
when strategy is set by faith - analysis of the
Krishna Valley produCts
Kaposvár University, Doctoral School in Management and Organizational Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Krishna valley was primarily created as a site of pilgrimage for Krishna-believers in Hungary. In
the 1990's the first official Krishna-church had been built in the valley and the community started
to grow rapidly. Krishna-believers had set up a self-serving community near the village of Somogyvámos, where they aimed to grow themselves everything necessary for their nutrition - guided by
the rules of the vedas. In order to meet the strict religious requirements they needed to grow all
the plants without using any chemicals and by using primarily man- and animal-power; which
means that these products are all bio-products.By the development of their technologies and the
increasing number of Krishna-believers working on the fields, soon excess supply appeared, which
implied the sales of Krishna valley products. Nowadays numerous different product categories,
such as oils, crops, jams, syrups and sauces are sold on the spot and via the Krishna valley webshop
to the public. In fact – even though these products do have a clear position ont he market – the
sales of them was not initiated by careful strategic planning, as it would happen in case of a
business entity. In my paper I am going to analyze how religion had set the path and determined
the main product characteristics; then I am going to introduce the marketing activities Krishnabelievers apply in order to market these products more efficiently. I will also discuss the question
of being a non-materialistic religion, and still engaging themselves in economic activities.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
9
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Arnold csonKA1
Imre Fertő1,2
spatial dimension of struCtural Changes in the
hungarian hog seCtor
1
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
[email protected]
2
The pork sector is one of the best examples of industrialized agriculture, with strong input-output
linkages to the manufacturing sector. The farm structure of the pork industry is strongly affected
by economies of scale. An increase in the concentration of global hog production is accompanied
by spatial concentration of pork production which has been explained by agglomeration economies.
The aim of this research is to investigate the power of agglomeration effects on the Hungarian
pork sector and its change from 2000 to 2010. More specifically, we analyze the spatial dependence
(also known as spatial autocorrelation) of hog density and its differences between the periods investigated. we investigate the spatial patterns of individual farms and corporate farms separately.
we assume that agglomeration effects exert a more relevant influence on corporate pig farms than
individual pig farms. Estimations confirm the logic of distinguishing between individual and corporate farms in the empirical analysis. Pig production is affected by agglomeration effects in
different ways across the two types of farms. Contrary to previous studies, our findings suggest
that restrictions on the application of manure may weaken agglomeration economies in the hog
sector. Structural change had only a limited impact on the spatial clustering.Agricultural policies
and measures designed to improve competitiveness of Hungarian small-scale pig production may
be more successful considering the strong and stable spatial dependence of individual pig farming.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
10
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Viktória
HorVátHné
Petrás
Zsolt KőműVes
diffiCulties in the CompetitiVeness of the
hungarian swine raising
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The decrease in the number of pigs has grown to a drastic proportion in the last few decades.
Before the change of the regime there were approximately 10 million pigs counted, but today this
number is slightly beyond 3 million. The decline in livestock has a negative effect on the competitive
position of both this sector and that of other branches of industry as well weakening significantly
the economic importance of the sector.The underlying causes of the process leading to the decline
are diverse. To reveal the solution a versatile analysis of the economic situation is essential, which
should be started in the first place by the examination of the factors defining the competitiveness
of the pig sector.The aim of this work is to reveal and characterize the national capacities, the
physical and biological, as well as the social, economic (market) and human factors pointing to the
most important differences at the same time. This thesis analyzes the efficiency of the chosen
farms according to the size of plant, standard of production, technology and capacity of maintenance.Summarizing the farmers’ opinions and the data obtained, it can be stated that the farmers
in the current situation are satisfied with the buying price as one of the most essential factors of
production. However, they emphasized the role of prices as a factor of uncertainty.As a result of
changing the out-of-date technology there could be observed considerable improvement in the
natural indexes. Unfortunately, significant changes should be accomplished in the feasibility of
support and financing investment.The strict environmental regulations of animal keeping make
the operation of farms – mainly of those that do not possess arable land – more difficult. Reforms
would provide relief for the operating farms. The market price regulation of the alternative fodder
and the existent substitute products could appear as a significant cost efficiency factor during production.workers with unsuitable education – and often being incompetent –, trade unions
operating as false organizations as well as the lack of cooperation with the food processing industry
concern the sector sensitively.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
11
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
ola Al JAAFreH
the role of food marKeting
in sustainable agriCulture
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The role of food marketing, which is an integral part of sustainable agricultureis constantly growingglobally. To further promote its role,we need the contribution of all essential elements, namely
social, economic and environmental,starting from the level of small farms and reaching big productionconglomerates.
we also need to focus on principles and steps required to make the food marketing successful
with the optimal use of natural resources,avoiding their exhaustion.
we need to study and understand know-how, best practices, consumer behaviour and expectations,
consumer nutritional needs taking into consideration the rapid evolution of the world we live in.
we should also pay due attention to the environmental protection. And, of course, we should not
forget making profit - how a farmer can make profit using successful food marketing (in addition
to all other sustainable agriculture techniques). we need to understand how a farmer can be
proactive in marketing, what he or she should produce depending on the consumer demand and
how a farmer can produce and market optimally without exhaustion of natural resources.
In the search of optimal steps of growing, producingand marketing, it is essential for the farmers
at every level to reach the right combination of all essential elements paying due attention to the
principles of sustainable agriculture. This will eventually provide agricultural production a sustainable
character and will ensure better return on investments.
Data for this study have been collected from statistical bulletins, books and articles.
Keywords: sustainable agriculture, food marketing, environment.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
12
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Andrzej
JędrucHnIewIcZ
agriCultural household Consumption in poland
warsaw University of life Sciences-SGGw, Department of Economics and Economic Policy, warsaw, Poland
[email protected]
Consumption is the primary goal of households in the monetary dimension. It affects living standards and allows to meet increasingly growing needs. It is determined by economic, socio-cultural,
demographic and psychological factors. The purpose of this paper is to present agricultural
household consumption, its standard, dynamics and structure, against overall household consumption in the Polish economy. The applied research methods include primary sources, logical
reasoning, and statistical measures and indicators.
In Poland in the years 2010-2015, agricultural households were characterised by the lowest economic standard of living out of all socio-economic groups. An average share in consumption expenditure of agricultural households, compared to household expenditure in general, was 74%.
During that period, also the growth of agricultural household consumption was smaller compared
to the overall economy. At the same time, agricultural households had the highest average propensity
towards disposable income savings. The structure of consumption expenditure in relation to both
agricultural households and the general economy was largely similar. In relation to the total expenditure, farmers spent more on food and non-alcoholic beverages, transport, clothing and
footwear than the society in general. In turn, they spent less on housing, energy carriers, recreation
and culture, and health.
Keywords: consumption, income, household
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
13
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Anita mAJor1
Imre Fertő1,2
does demographiCs matter for beer
Consumption?
Kaposvár University, Doctoral School in Management and Organizational Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
[email protected]
2
There is wealth literature on beer consumption (Colen and Swinnen 2011, Fogarty 2010, Nelson
2013). The majority of studies focus on the price elasticity of beer (alcoholic beverage) demand
using typically country level, aggregate beer consumption data. However, research on the impacts
of demographics on beer consumption is still limited. In addition, many studies implicitly assumes
that the beer is homogenous good without taking into account the heterogenity of beer in terms
of quality and other characteristics. Finally, the beer studies neglect the importance of frequency
in beer consumption. The aim of the paper is to fill out partly this gap. we are using a novel Hungarian survey data to analyse the main demographic drivers on the frequency of beer consumption.
we estimate separately our models on beer consumption in general and specifically on craft beer,
zero-alcohol beer and cider consumption. Beyond to traditional ordered logit/probit models we
also employ semi-nonparametric ordered probit models. Our results reveal that demographics are
differently matter for consumption of various types of beer. Our cacluations are fairly robust to alternative estimation approaches.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
14
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
John Kibara
mAnyeKI
Balázs KotosZ
supply response of liVestoCK produCts:
a farm-leVel analysis in southern
rangelands of Kenya
Szeged University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Szeged, Hungary
[email protected]
This article assessed how responsive livestock outputs is to prices and non-price factors and how
sensitive pasture land and labour demands are to prices and non-price factors using cross sectionalfarm-level data for livestock producing households in the southern rangelands of Kenya. The
study employed normalized translog profit function to estimate livestock supply and resource
inputs demand elasticities. Results show that own price elasticityfor the three products were highly
elastic with goat recording the highest followed by sheep and cattle respectively. The cross-price elasticities were generally very small among the various livestock species and there was evidence of
substitutability between goat and cattle and complementarityevidence between the relationship of
sheep and cattle. Based on the scaleelasticity effect, the cattle output was very elastic while sheep
and goat were inelastic.From the differential input demands system, the study found that livestock
producers would depend mainly on the elastic sheep prices and the inelastic of goat and cattle
prices and disposable income. The policy implication that appears to be adequate and attractive
optionwould be a support price policy. Equally, more appropriate option may be to encourage
more intensive use of productivity enhancing inputs such as land through investing on pasture
improvement, encouraging investment by improving their capital base through improvement
access to grant or loan. More focus should be on reducing wage rate since it assumes a slightly key
significance in increasing the livestock production.
Keywords: own-price elasticity, cross-price elasticity, supplies response, scale responsiveness, Kenya.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
15
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Pisal PocH
the organiC Vegetable marKet in Cambodia:
Current meChanisms and Challenges
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Imported conventional vegetables constitute approximately 80% of the vegetable market in Cambodia and that roughly equals 400 tons of vegetables per day according to the recent research
study by the Center for Policy Studies. Furthermore, pesticide residue was found widespread in
the vegetable market in Cambodia. These facts have led to increasing concern over food safety in
the kingdom in recent years. Therefore, it gives strong opportunity for organic vegetable market to
grow. However, the market has been growing slowly in the past several years. This paper will
describe the situation of the current organic vegetable market and explain reasons behind the
laggings of the market.
This paper comprises of two main studies. The first study focuses on mechanisms of the current
organic vegetable market which includes demand and supply analysis and supply chain analysis.
The second study illustrates potential challenges to this market.
The research mainly relies on quantitative and qualitative data collected by the author. In-depth
interviews were conducted with key stakeholders including retailers, government official, agricultural
cooperative, and development partners. Survey interview with 58 organic farmers located in three
different provinces were also conducted. In addition, certain amount of secondary data has been
used for literature purpose.
Two major challenges of the organic vegetable market in Cambodia have been observed from
the research results. Firstly and most importantly, the market is facing supply shortage. The organic
vegetable market mainly depends on small household suppliers in the rural area who are incapable
of scaling up the production. Secondly, most of the vegetables sold in the market are not certified;
therefore, building customers’ trust is challenging.
Keywords: Organic agriculture, Supply Chain, Certification body, Retailer, Agriculture Cooperative,
Trading Agents, Pesticide, Fertilizer
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
16
SESSion
loCal questions
in the agriCultural seCtor
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Versavel HAIle
a reView of empiriCal eVidenCe on gender gap
in agriCultural deVelopment
in deVeloping Countries
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Agriculture can be an important engine of growth and poverty reduction. But the sector is underperforming in developing countries in part because of women, who are often a crucial resource in
agriculture and the rural economy, face constraints that reduce their productivity. (FAO,2011).
This paper reviews existing empirical literature from the past 15 years on the gender gap in agricultural development in developing countries. The review focuses on women’s contribution to the
agricultural development and factors that affect their meaningful participation. The aim of this
paper is to examine the facts about the gender gap in the agriculture and forward possible recommendations. The analysis confirms that women have a massive contribution to agriculture. Despite
their role, they face a consistent gender gap in access to the productive assets, inputs, credit
services, education and extension, appropriate technologies, and access to market). Accordingly,
the author has drawn a conclusion that female farmers are just as efficient as their male counterparts,
but they have less land use and fewer inputs, so they produce less
Keywords: Agricultural development, Gender gap, Rural economy, Productivity, Developing countries
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
19
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
eszter HAmZA
Katalin rácZ
dorottya sZABó
orsolya tótH
eszter VArgA
the Challenges of the agriCultural VoCational
eduCation system in hungary
Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Budapest, Hungary
[email protected]
In recent years many national and international research have proved that there is a strong causal
link between the quality of the vocational education and the ratio of economic growth. The relationship between these two factors is a particularly pronounced issue in the food economy, where
human capital supply is unfavourable compared to other sectors. Our research examines the relationship between the situation of the Hungarian agricultural labour market, labour needs and the
supply of the agricultural vocational training. In our paper beyond the human resource situation
of the Hungarian agriculture and the presentation of the vocational training system, we show the
results of a questionnaire survey carried out in almost one thousand agricultural and food producer
enterprises in the autumn of 2016. The survey attempts to identify the requirements from the
current and future labour force, as well as the exploration of opinions, proposals from farms/enterprises joined to the dual vocational training system. The results of the survey show that in the
majority of the business leaders realized the competitiveness increasing role of the development of
human capital. There is an increased demand for the acquisition of needed vocational practical
skills in the dual training according to the leaders’ feedback, while only few managers feel compelled
to provide traineeship place in the framework of apprenticeship contract.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
20
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
mohanad Ali
KAreem
cecília
meZeI
the role of human Capital deVelopment in
aChieVing sustainable eConomiC deVelopment of
deVeloping Countries Case study iraq
Kaposvár University, Doctoral School in Management and Organizational Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The study examined the role of human capital development in achieving sustainable economic development of developing countries case study Iraq. The research highlights a social and economic
returns of the development and sustainability of human capital in Iraq as a sustainable development
strategy, especially human capital possesses the skills, experience, knowledge and intellectual and
intellectual maturity, the mechanism of benefiting from them and directing them towards social
and economic development. This analysis is based on comparisons of macro indices of human
capital and sustainable economic development and a review of related academic literature and government publications.
Keywords: Human Capital development, Sustainability, Economic Development
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
21
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Harshavardha
reddy
KummItHA
Viktória sZente
eConomiC benefits of agritourism deVelopment:
Case studies of italy and poland
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Recreational activities pertaining to farm lands has received increased attention from both research
and practice in the recent past. One of the major reasons for this heightened importance attributed
to farm land tourism is due to partly its potential to advance local economy and benefits it brings
to both farmers and visitors. Thus, analyzing the role of agritourism in advancing socio-economic
prosperity is of pivotal importance. with this background, the paper discusses about the economic
benefits of agritourism in selected destinations. The results reported in the paper are based on secondary research related to organizations located in wielkopolskie voivodeship, Poland and
Tuscany in Italy. Our analysis shows that agritourism can bring several economic benefits in the
regions. It was found that the average income from agritourism accounted for about one-third of
the overall household income of farmers. Moreover, food service is a crucial factor in the success of
agritourism as it brings extra money to farmers. This paper articulates about the important relationship exist between the income obtained from agritourism activities and the benefits local communities gain by engaging in multiple tourism promotion activities.
Keywords: agritourism, local communities, economic benefits
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
22
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Aldona
ZAwoJsKA
tomasz sIudeK
the replaCement of domestiC worKers with
foreigners in agriCultural seCtors of the eu
Countries
warsaw University of life Sciences - SGGw, warsaw, Poland
[email protected]
The agricultural labour force in the EU has been declining over time, and there has been observed
the reallocation of labour from family members to hired (off-farms) workers, and from domestic
to foreign workers. Contemporary agriculture in the EU countries is one of the employment
sectors that are unable to attract sufficient local workers due to unattractive work conditions, such
as low wages, hard physical work involving long hours, seasonality, uncertainty or employment in
remote areas.
Some EU countries (e.g. France, Germany and Spain) have a longstanding history of employing
foreign seasonal workers in agriculture while for other countries (e.g. Poland) it is quite a new phenomenon. we hypothesise that the demand for low-skilled permanent and temporary labour in
the EU agriculture is increasingly being met by foreign-born nationals. Growing number of farm
workers (usually temporary and often irregular) is despatched to the EU from non-EU countries.
Numbers of migrant workers (also from Central and Eastern Europe) have been trafficked to agricultural sectors for forced labour. Our study attempts to present the scale of immigrants’ inflow
into agricultural labour markets and its main drivers. we discuss the advantages (benefits) and disadvantages (costs) of foreign employment in agriculture for migrant-receiving and migrantsending countries as well as for farms employing foreigners and for farm foreign workers. The
study is based on literature review and data derived from the European Union labour Force
Survey „Migration and labour market”, Eurostat Agriculture database, and countries’ national statistics and official reports.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
23
SESSion
modelling and analysis teChniques
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
gyöngyi BánKutI
the history and the future of the operational
researCh subjeCt – the only online Course of
KaposVár uniVersity
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Operations Research is about mathematical modeling in Economics. This publication wants to
introduce how this subject took part in in the agricultural and in the economical education.
The topics have been taught historically, recently and currently at every level and types of our
education at our university will be presented. The grants have been supported this curricula development even with their results, - developped contents and tools - will take part as well. These are
calculation supporter software, electronic book, Maple based courseware, tutorial program with
visualization facilities. when online education started to be fashionable and available for us, our
University joined K-MOOC (Kárpátmedencei Online Oktatási Centrum) with the (certainly
Hungarian) online version of this subject. The topics of this online course will be presented, and
the development process. In our distance education it functions like a Blended course as the
students can learn online, then to meet the teacher. All this shows what kind of educational tools
have been used time by time, based on the available technical levels.
The goal of this introduction is to generate discussion about the future of this subject, these important topics, as with the new curriculum building process it seems to lose ground.
The main aim of this paper is not only to show the history and highlight how much effort has
been devoted to this subject, but to emphasize the importance of it, and to find possible ways to
keep it in our - any level – education.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
27
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
róbert BArnA
Bernadett
HorVátHné
KoVács
Arnold csonKA
spatial autoCorrelation in Case of grid
and administratiVe territorial units
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Geographic information analysis considers variables of defined territorial units (county, region,
etc.) and the spatial determination of certain territory by its neighbourhood is analysed. However,
the shape, size and area of the analysed territorial units can be different, as well as the neighbouring
relations can be various. In many times application of a grid instead of using administrative
borders contributes to a better understanding of spatial relations. In the course of the research
both administrative borders (at settlement, county and region levels) and grids of various sizes
(squares) were used and settlement level data were aggregated to the territorial units (Hungarian
Central Statistical Office). Spatial autocorrelation was calculated for each case of territorial levels
and compared to the autocorrelation statistics for grids applied (Moran I index). The Moran I statistics is one of the widely used spatial autocorrelation statistics. It can be influenced by not only
the variables but the shape, size and neighbourhood of the spatial units, too. Our results prove
that the analysis of spatial autocorrelation cannot neglect the clear specifications of the territorial
units.
Keywords: grid, spatial autocorrelation, geographic information technology, Moran I index.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
28
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
róbert BArnA
Bernadett
HorVátHné
KoVács
mónika Zita
nAgy
study of hungarian big game management
between 2003 and 2015 with the use of „big game
unit” (bgu)
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
This article demonstrates the comparative examination of the financial data found in the reports
of the game management concerning the counties of Hungary. The already introduced big game
unit (BGU) as an economic index clearly shows the difference of big game management among
the counties. The profitability and efficiency of game management is influenced by the quality
and quantity of big game. The current article deals with the comparison of financial figures of counties between 2003 and 2015.
Keywords: big game unit, BGU, economic index, big game management.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
29
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Imre Fertő1,2
Zoltán BAKucs1,3
Jan FAłKowsKI4
dairy seCtor trade dynamiCs.
a networK perspeCtiVe
1
Institute of Economics - Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
2
University of Kaposvár, Hungary
3
Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary
4
Faculty of Economic Sciences, warsaw University, Poland
[email protected]
while the positive effect of economic integration on trade is commonly accepted, we still lack a
proper understanding of the complex patterns behind this phenomenon. In particular, it is
important to better understand how the structure of trade linkages evolves. This is because there
are reasons to assume that countries within an economic integration agreement do not trade with
each other on random basis. On the contrary, one may argue that they select trade linkages and
this choice may be driven by various factors. In this paper we test two specific predictions that originate from the recent literature and which could be informative in this respect. First, we show
that the size of the initial trade network is positively correlated with building new trade linkages.
In other words, a greater initial number of trading partners facilitates establishing new connections.
Second, we also provide some evidence in support of the hypothesis that the evolution of trade
network for a given country depends on the trade network of its trading partners. In this case however, our results are slightly less robust.
Keywords: Intra-EU trade, dairy sector, network analysis, duration of trade
JEl code: C12 C35, F15
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
30
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
gergo gyAlog1
monika VArgA2
Balazs KucsKA3
Bela csuKAs2
testing of a dynamiC simulation model for
reCirCulating aquaCulture system to support
managerial deCisions
1
National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre,
Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Szarvas, Hungary
2
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Science, Kaposvár, Hungary
3
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Economic evaluation for design and operation of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) may
effectively be supported by an appropriate dynamic simulation model. The complexity of the
process requires a detailed analysis, while the experimental work is time consuming and expensive.
However this complexity is manageable for the new modelling methodologies. Accordingly, the
problem solving capability can be essentially increased by combining experiments with computational model based studies.
Considering the importance of the inherent coupling between structural and functional characteristics in design and control of RAS, Direct Computer Mapping (DCM) of programmable
structures has been experimentally implemented for simulation of RAS aquaculture operation by
the Research Group on Process Network Engineering in the past year.
In the present work, the parameter sensitivity of RAS is studied with the help of the implemented
model, using available data for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from the literature, as well as
from experiments running at NARIC Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture.
From model development point of views, various semi-empirical and empirical formulation for
weight increase, feed conversion rate, faecal and ammonia excretion, and mortality are applied. To
allow further bio-economic calculations, recent work focuses on the effect of ratio of freshwater
supply and efficiency of the biofilter on the operation in a given stage of the process. The simulation
model enables us to determine economic impact of these factors.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
31
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
ngo thai Hung1
Phan Van
tHAnH2
2
an empiriCal analysis on Volatility:
eVidenCe for the budapest stoCK eXChange
using garCh model
1
Corvinus University of Budapest, Department of Finance, Budapest, Hungary
Kaposvár University, Doctoral School Of Management And Organizational Science, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The paper aims to analyze and forecast the Budapest Stock Exchange volatility with the use of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity GARCH- type models over the time period
from September 06, 2010 to March 03, 2017. This model is the extension of ARCH process with
various features to explain the obvious characteristics of financial time series such as asymmetric
and leverage effect. As we apply the Budapest Stock Exchange with this model, the estimation and
forecast in short term are performed.
Keywords: volatility, GARCH, BUx, volatility forecast
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
32
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
gábor molnár
theoretiCal models of the impaCt
of natural enVironment on soCial struCture
and their appliCability in enVironmental
soCiologiCal researCh
Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The aim of the first part of the paper is to analyze and compare four paradigmatic models in social
theory of how the relationship between society and its natural environment impacts the internal
macro structure of society, with special regard to the place of the agricultural sector within this
structure. The models under scrutiny are the Marxian historical materialist one, the systems theoretical ones developed by Talcott Parsons and, in a more sophisticated way, by Niklas luhmann,
and the Action-Network Theory model proposed by Bruno latour. The second part, then, appraises
the respective suitability of these models for empirical research in the field of environmental
sociology. The methodology adopted by the paper is a combination of logical analysis of (scientific)
concepts, phenomenological analysis of (scientific) experience, and sociological critique of (scientific)
discourse, which places the present work in the camp of synthetic efforts in the philosophy of
science and methodology. The results of the paper are, on the one hand, a proposal for structuring
the paradigmatic space in which one can possibly approach the above theoretical question and, on
the other hand, a survey of the differences in empirical research interests and research directions
within environmental sociology the four models prompt the researchers toward.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
33
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Katalin
sZéKelyHIdI
analysis of the eXports
of the hungarian food eConomy
with a graVity model
Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Food Chain Research Department, Hungary
[email protected]
Past decades were characterized by deepening trade connections and the elimination of trade
barriers. There are more and more trade agreements among countries and integrations are becoming
deeper and deeper. This process is continuous as there are ongoing negotiations between countries
and regional blocs for example between the EU and third countries. These processes make it important to identify and examine those factors that influence foreign trade flows like distance,
income and trade barriers and to analyse the effects of integrations as deeper forms of integrations
eliminate tariffs and non-tariff barriers of trade.
In this study I model t trade flows of Hungarian food economy with a gravity model. Gravity
models are widely used for ex-post analysis in order to examine the effects of agreements and to
model trade flows. The results of this study suggest that distance, tariffs and non-tariff barriers are
serious obstacles to trade. Moreover, agricultural commodities and manufactured products seem
to be different in their sensitivity to these factors. It seems to strengthen countries’ efforts to
establish deeper cooperation not just to reduce tariffs but also non-tariff barriers which often
remain present after eliminating tariffs as well.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
34
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
linda
sZommerné
egyed1
mónika VArgA2
András
tAnKoVIcs3
Béla csuKás2
implementation of a simulation model for the
sCheduling of a multi-produCt dairy plant
1
Fino-Food ltd, Kaposvár, Hungary
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Science, Kaposvár, Hungary
3
videoton Elektro-PlAST Kft, Kaposvár, Hungary
egyed.linda@fino.hu
2
Dynamic scheduling of multi-product plants is one of the most difficult class of problems of high
economic importance. The well developed, conventional solutions use various methods of mathematical programming (e.g. MIlP), formulated as the optimization of a simplified model. However,
the specific technological details and the possible multiple use of the model require rather detailed
dynamic model based sub-optimal methods. Considering the inherent coupling between structural
and functional characteristics of dynamic scheduling, Direct Computer Mapping (DCM) based
programmable structures of Research Group on Process Network Engineering are experimentally
applied for generation of the dairy plant model. The generation starts from the process network
representation of the flow-sheet and from one state and one transition meta-prototypes. The flowsheet comprises storages of raw materials, intermediate materials and end-products, as well as the
recipes, the in parallel working multi-functional process units (culture mixing tanks, package machines, etc.) with the numerous time-driven and event-driven constraints. Model generation is
followed by the programming of the actual prototypes and parameterization of the model. In
present work the generated process model and the simulation tests will be discussed, focusing on
the combined use of the transitions for the description of the material (component) balance of the
multi-product operation, as well as for the interpretation of the time- and event-driven rules, determining sequence of operations. Having tested the process model, the scheduling will be developed
according to the backward dynamic simulation, starting from the weekly scheduled demands for
the various products.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
35
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
András
tAnKoVIcs1
mónika VArgA2
sándor BAlogH2
linda
sZommerné
egyed3
Béla csuKás2
test data based eValuation of laCtation CyCle
Controlling rules with a generated simulation
model
1
videoton Elektro-PlAST Kft, Kaposvár, Hungary
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Science, Kaposvár, Hungary
3
Fino-Food ltd, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
2
Economic effectiveness of a dairy farm operation is determined mainly by the produced milk and
the costs of fodder, as well as of the fertilization and medication of cows. The whole system is characterized by the stages of production cycle, comprising several steps from the calving to the dry
period. In line with these steps, there are respective groups of cows in separated stables. In addition,
the ill animals are treated separately during their medication. Accordingly, the production cycle
can be characterized by the time-based regular and event-based additional cyclic movement of the
cows between the above groups.
Considering the requirements for the common representation of the underlying balance model
with the movement controlling rules and with the event-driven additional movements, in our
study a case specific application of a generated programmable structure in sense of Direct Computer
Mapping (DCM) of process models has been applied. The model is automatically generated,
programmed and parameterized by the recently developed methodology of Research Group on
Process Network Engineering. The test data for a representative set of animals, as well as the (optionally modifiable) rules were given from SmartDairy® Management Systems and from the management of Bos-Fruct Agricultural Cooperative.
In the realistic data based hypothetical simulation tests we prepared studying the effect of the feasible changes in the conditional rules on the produced milk and on fodder consumption.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
36
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
yevgeniya
toKAreVA
Bernadett
HorVátHné
KoVács
hubs or randomness in migration networKs?
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Network science boosted up since a widespread availability of huge network data resources in the
last years. Social networks were believed to behave as random ones: majority of nodes with around
average number of links and only few ones with high or low number of connections. In case of
many real networks it has been proven that they behave very different way from randomness. In
fact, in real networks, there are a few nodes of social connections with very high intensity of
linkage, called the hubs. The authors of the current paper apply the network theory on migration
flow of nowadays in order to prove the existence of hubs.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
37
SESSion
speCial faCtors influenCing
finanCing: the banKing system and
taXation questions
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Faeyzh BArHoom
syrian banKing seCtor
Kaposvár University, Doctoral School in Management and Organizational Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the banking sector in Syria with a focus on
the characteristics of the Syrian banking sector and its challenges between 2004-2010, because no
data is available after the Syrian crisis which started in 2011.The study based on time series analysis
approach. The main characteristics of the Syrian banking sector are the following: interest rates are
not sensitive to inflation or exchange rates, the structure of the liabilities indicates a high percentage
of demand deposits compared to total deposits, foreign currency assets constitute more than 50%
of total assets in the public-sector banks and high proportion of credits are granted to the public
sector. The Syrian banking sector has many challenges, the central bank of Syria lacks effective
monetary policy tools and independence. Data on public banks loan classification is still weak, the
financial system is still dominated by state banks, which hold 80 percent of bank assets. Financial
statements are not audited according to international standards. There is excess in liquidity in the
banking system. Hence, the study recommends developing indirect monetary policy instruments
and further liberalization of the interest rates, enhancing the framework for anti-money laundering,
reducing reliable financial soundness indicators for banks, and restructuring the public banks
strengthening bank supervision to calculate capital adequacy measures are being taken, and developing systemic liquidity management by creating money and foreign exchange instruments and
markets.
Keywords: The financial sector in Syria, Evaluation the banking performance.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
41
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Zoltán BorBás
Anett PArádI
dolgos
short food supply system
and the Value added taX
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
In our paper we examined the main aspects of a short food supply chain based retail system
regarding the liquidity and vAT accounting of the transactions between the stakeholders, the
farmers and the head office of the cooperatives system (center).
Our main research question was how it is possible to motivate the stakeholders to carry out the
primal goals of the “center” during the financial accounting. One main aspect to take into consideration was what anomalies the different vAT rates of different goods cause, and how they affect
the efficiency and liquidity of the farmers. Regarding the fact that usually the stock holdings of the
farmers are poorly diversified, this means unequal burden for stakeholders on different levels of
the product line, for which a comforting solution must be found. Apart from these I tried to
model the future financial cash flow of the retail system. In conclusion we can say that the
anomalies described could be solved if somehow the system could use reversed vAT during the accounting or if the “center” could use subventions to help the farmers to solve their problems
caused by liquidity shortage. All these allow us to make a primal estimation of the future returns
and profitability of the system thus created and help us to find the most fitful methods of
motivation and subventions that are needed for the stable and calculable future operation of the
system in the long run.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
42
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Balázs cseH
trends of the islamiC agriCultural finanCe
in malaysia
Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The aim of our paper is the examination and the acquaintance of Islamic finances and the banking
system occuring in the agricultural sector in the framework of its unique Malaysian model. The
operation of agricultural financing is prone to both natural and financial risks, thus (common)
risk tolerance, (common) responsibility and profit and loss sharing (PlS) are of enhanced significance. The Islamic agricultural financing includes the Islamic financial principles and during investing in the sector can stand as a good example for the mentioned things. Al-muzara’a and almusaqa create partnership with landowners.\nThe study separately elaborates and justifies with
the principles of Islam that irregular tendency that can be seen in case of the Malaysian bank financing. Generally, investing in the agricultural sector is of less volume besides investing onto the
industrial or services sector because of the fact that the sector is more liable to external, environmental
risks such as vis maior cases. In this way, the investor takes a larger risk. However, in case of the Islamic agricultural financing the opposite can be recognized the reason of which should be sought
in profit and loss sharing (PlS). In our paper we explain that in developing Muslim countries such
as Malaysia or Indonesia, there is an increasing demand and necessity for the appearance of shariacompatible banking and financial instruments in agriculture. we are of the opinion that the
Islamic agricultural financing is more effective in gratifying demands it contributes to the ecenomic
growth of the agricultural sector, consequently, it can be considered as an alternative solution for
financial issues affecting and agricultural sector.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
43
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
muhammad
umar FAruK
rita KorosecZné
PAVlIn
the effeCtiVeness of enVironmental
taXation in nigeria
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Crude oil is a main benefit resource of the Nigerian economy however the crude oil production
makes a significant environmental pollution. The major tax revenue of Federal Government of
Nigeria is the Petroleum Profit Tax which is an income tax for oil sectors. In our study we look
over the environmental problems in Nigeria and the economic theory of environmental taxes.
After that we analyse the regulation of Petroleum Profit Tax and we make a compare with Hungarian
environmental taxes. with Nigerian oil consumption data and Hungarian excise tax rate, we
examine a difference between a potential tax revenue level and the real Petroleum Tax revenue
data. Based on our analysis we determine the effectiveness of environmental taxation in Nigeria.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
44
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Kitti KolBer
JóZseF VArgA
the effeCts of the transformation
of the hungarian taX struCture on the
operation of the domestiC sme seCtor
Kaposvár University, Doctoral School in Management and Organizational Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The small and medium enterprise sector in relation to the competitiveness of our country in the
visegrad countries, especially conspicuously low economic growth and employment are highly relevant in terms of economic issues. Our study firstly prepares an international comparison of the
tax burden in Hungary, in which the fundamental observation is compared to the regional competitors, in Hungary the tax burden is high, which seriously jeopardizes the competitiveness of our
country. The second part of the article examines changes in the tax structure, taxes on consumption
and work rate shift. Reducing the tax burden on labor is the most important of SME sector.
Before 2008 in Hungary the proportion of tax on labor was increasing, the proportion of taxes on
consumption showed declining trend, and after 2008 this trend reversed. In the third part of the
article special effects on the small and medium enterprise sector are presented. The topic discuss
some of the main agro-economic aspects of the process within these fields. Examining the extensive
and intensive agriculture-related influencing factors affecting businesses operating in the domestic
SME sector are reviewed. In the recent years enterprises operating in specific sectors of the national
economy not only have to deal with structural tax changes, but also with changes in light of the
possible existence of subsidies and programs to survive is at risk.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
45
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
rita
KoVács-sZAmosI
József VArgA
the agro-eConomiC impliCations
of the malaysian allinCe islmaiC banK
between 2010 and 2016
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
This publication will provide a comprehensive picture about the functioning of an Islamic bank
called Alliance Islamic Bank between 2010 and 2016. Furthermore, this analysation of the bank
will give picture about the Islamic banking system as well. This purpose is served by the comparative
analysis of the bank balance sheets of conventional and Islamic banks. we got the details of the
bank balance sheet for this analysis from the annual reports of the bank. First, we will overview the
history of the Malaysian Islamic bank system and the Alliance Islamic Bank. After that we outline
the asset and liability sides of the bank balance sheet, and the performance of the bank with
various kinds of indicators. This part of the essay will be followed by the presentation of the
Islamic agricultural founding banking assets.
The further goal of this publication is to analyse the role of agricultural founding, which plays
important role at this banking system. Accordingly, at the final part of the essay we will overview
the assets of agricultural founding at the annual reports of this bank. we seek the answer to what
role is played by these assets at Alliance Islamic Bank. To find this answer we use the annual
reports of the bank. we will show the agricultural founding presents which ratio compared to
another sectors.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
46
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Alexandra rAJcZI
Irén wIcKert
eXamination of different sized agriCultural
enterprises operating profitability
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Hungary has favourable conditions to create a competitive and developed agribusiness. After the
political and economic transition, however, this endowment has not proved to be sufficient for the
Hungarian agriculture to be able to keep up with the growing trends in the European countries.
During the decades following the transition Hungary’s agriculture was focused on the issues of restitution and the restructuring of agricultural cooperatives. In this period the Hungarian agriculture
was more and more characterised by undersized farms and this structure determines the agriculture
even today. Government policies have taken several measures to mitigate this so that the evolved
farm sizes can strengthen and compete with other European countries. It is expected socially as
well as economically and also a common target to use the national resources in the most optimal
way in order to increase GDP and employment in accordance with CAP directives and the conditions of the global economy. However, the Hungarian agriculture is characterised by structural
tensions and its competitiveness is also below expectations. For countries with comparative advantages, such as Hungary, it should be a major goal to use this advantage as optimally as possible. It
is the fundamental interest of the national economy that food economy – by regaining and strengthening its previous competitiveness - can contribute to meeting domestic food requirements and
to promoting the development of the whole economy.
Keywords: agriculture, profitability, arable crop production, efficiency, plant scale, economy of
scale, production target
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
47
SESSion
the problems of finanCing and
profitability in the agriCulture of
the 21st Century
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Anita ágoston
Irén wIcKert
tibor
sZArVAs-FeKete
profitability in the agriCulture
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
In Hungary the agriculture production has always played an important role in economic life.
The climate and topography factors provided ideal conditions to the implementation of the profitable agricultural production. In the early 20th century, agriculture was the leading sector of the
Hungarian economy.
After the success story of the ‘70s and ‘80s a major change has occurred in the size and the profitability of the agricultural production. while the ‘70s spectacular development of production
can been experienced, until the ‘90s the agricultural production has declined because of the socioeconomic changes, the uncertainty of the farmers, the shrinking of the internal market, the
changing conditions in the export sales and the low level of the profitability in the agricultural
production.
The turn of the millennium brought big changes. The framework of the production changed,
the range of funding sources expanded. The agricultural production has contributed to the gross
domestic product (GDP) of more than 3%.
In our work we are looking for answers to both positive and negative developments in the case
of profitability on the basis of data from the past 10 years.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
51
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
tibor BAreItH
diána
KoPonIcsné
györKe
performanCe measurement
of hungarian agriCultural enterprises
by farm size
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary,
[email protected]
The most important question, when an enterprise is found, whether incomes exceed expenditures
in the short and especially in the long term. This is influenced by several external and internal
factors. we focused on the choice of the business activities from the internal factors. In our study,
we were searching for an answer which agribusiness activities are profitable by various farm sizes.
we used the Test Farm Information System’s database by the Hungarian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics (AKI), which represents the whole Hungarian agricultural sector. The database
contains data from the last two financial years. To examine profitability by farm size analysis of variance (ANOvA) was used with post-hoc test. During the research, it was found that the medium
farm size is profitable eight times from nine activities; moreover, in the most cases it is the most
profitable. without the subsidies profitability disappears from the Hungarian agricultural sector.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
52
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Imre Fertő1,2
András Bence
sZerB1
the role of eConomiCs Crisis and trade Costs
in the hungarian maize eXports
1
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
[email protected]
2
The maize is one of the most important agricultural export product in Hungary. The paper investigates the role of economic crisis and trade costs in the pattern of Hungarian maize exports over
the period 1996-2015. we employ standard gravity model to explain the drivers of Hungarian
maize exports at the world market. Our results suggest that whilst Hungarian market size has positively influence the maize export, the market size of partners has not significant impacts on Hungarian maize exports. The trade costs have negative impacts, whilst EU enlargement and economic
crisis positively influence Hungarian maize exports.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
53
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Attila JámBor
Peter gál
agriCultural eXport CompetitiVeness
of Central and eastern european Countries
Corvinus University of Budapest, Corvinus Business School, Budapest, Hungary
[email protected]
Export competitiveness is an important indicator in the analysis of international trade flow,
however, in empirical studies on agriculture it is often neglected. In this paper we aim to analyse
agricultural export competitiveness in Central and Eastern European Countries in 2000-2015. In
doing so, we calculate the Balassa indices for these countries and test their stability. Results suggest
that Poland and Hungary are the leading agri-food exporters in the region where countries are
mainly specialised in the export of different agricultural and food products. It seems also clear that
the majority of the region has a generally decreasing agricultural competitiveness except for latvia,
lithuania and Slovakia. Duration tests also indicate that trade advantages have weakened for the
majority of the countries concerned. The paper also analysed the factors behind different competitive
performances.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
54
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
tamás KoVács1
Veronika gál2
diána
KoPonIcsné
györKe2
hypotheses to finanCing CharaCteristiCs
of the startup enterprises
1
University of Sopron, Alexandre lamfalussy Faculty of Economics, Sopron, Hungary
2
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Startup enterprises are the main sources of economic growth and innovation. with the spread of
startup philosophy, these enterprises are increasingly contributing to the performance of the Hungarian economy, therefore mapping their financing needs and characteristics is important.
The actuality of our study is not only the growing number and role of startup enterprises, but
recently the authors' institutions have been focusing on the examined area both from an educational
and research point of view.
The aim of our study is to map the financing characteristics of startup enterprises based on domestic and international literature, than formulating hypotheses to laying the foundations of a
later research examining financing characteristics of the startup enterprises.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
55
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
gábor PáPAI
the possible impaCts of breXit
on the Common agriCultural poliCy
from an eu budget point of View
Kaposvár University, Doctoral School in Management and Organizational Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The government of the United Kingdom officially notified the European Council of its intention
to withdraw from the European Union under Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union on
29th March 2017. This is the opening of a process, at least two years long, which finally can lead
to the so-called Brexit. The United Kingdom is one of the ‘net payers’, which means that theoretically
it pays more into, than receives form the EU budget. It is also a long time advocate of downsizing
and phasing out of direct support. On the other hand it is also a beneficiary of the Common Agricultural Policy. Brexit will possibly negatively affect the British farmers, because in their case, the
end of CAP support will lead to a partial loss of income. Therefore, agriculture will be an important
part of the negotiations between the EU and the United Kingdom. This paper examines some
aspects how Brexit could affect the Common Agricultural Policy from an EU budget point of
view.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
56
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Zoltán sIPIcZKI
diána
KoPonIcsné
györKe
rita KorosecZné
PAVlIn
Anett
PArádI-dolgos
the profitability of agriCulture in hungary
in the light of personnel eXpenses in 2015
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The analysis of the profitability is a key issue in the agricultural sector as well. Our article’s starting
point: it is useful to examine specific factors determining the profitability of agriculture as well in
addition to the traditional indicators when we examine the domestic agricultural sector’s profitability.
Personnel expenses among the operating costs are particularly dominant in this labour-intensive
sector, so this study focuses on the examination of this factor. we examine how different are the
personnel expenses per working hours by farm size and sectors, for example because of the
differences in taxation within the sector or just due to the size of the grey economy. Then we
calculate how would modify the profitability of certain agricultural farmers this alternative but
unified cost-structure. Our calculation is based on personnel expenses per an adjusted, working
unit. On the basis of our article readers may get a picture whether those agricultural producers
stay profitable who currently underpay their employees or declare lower income for the tax
authority. The study analyses the domestic agricultural enterprises based on the Test Farm Information System’s database operated by the Hungarian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics
(AKI). The analysis works with the data of the statistically closed year 2015.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
57
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Irén wIcKert
tibor
sZArVAs-FeKete
Anita ágoston
Costing in the agriCulture
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Agriculture has a number of characteristics, which distinguishes it from other economic sectors.
The production is land-bounded, takes place in an open area; therefore it is subjected to different
weather conditions. Moreover, it is based on living organisms, called inventory that is why registration as well as evaluation of the previously mentioned ones require special accounting system.
Natural conditions cannot be changed, so we must adapt to those. It is important to be aware of
natural factors in order to be able to adapt to the climatic environment, to the soil conditions not
but not least to the terrestrial factors.
Agricultural production requires valuable and large amounts of resources; therefore its impact
on profitability requires a special accounting record.
Determination of prime-cost in regard to products is a basic economic activity. Exact prime-cost
can only be solved by using reliable and real data. All of these require detailed records in respect to
costs and yields.
Due to the unique characteristics of agricultural production the cost calculation differs from the
practice of other industries.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
58
SESSion
sustainable agriCulture,
enVironmental responses
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Phan Van
tHAnH1
szilárd
Corporate soCial responsibility
in Vietnamese smes
PodruZsIK2
1
Kaposvár University, Doctoral School of Management and Organizational Science, Kaposvár, Hungary
Corvinus University of Budapest, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Budapest, Hungary
[email protected]
2
Since its first emerged from the seminal work of Bowen in 1953 so far, corporate social responsibility
(CSR) has attracted an increasing attention of either social organizations, governments and scholars
or other stakeholders such as enterprises and consumers. The scholars have not reached the
consensus about CSR definition as CSR varies in context, content, process and value. However,
today more and more enterprises both in developed and developing countries consider the social
responsibility as a decisive factor of sustainable development and of their constant profit increasing.
In vietnam, for the purpose of sustainable development, the enterprises are required to comply
with standards of environmental protection, gender equality, labor safety, labor rights, equal salary
payment, training staffs and developing the community. Many big enterprises are aware of such
matter; thus, implementing the CSR becomes one of the crucial requirements. In order to gain
access to the international market as well as satisfy domestic market, vietnamese SMEs also have
to develop and integrate CSR in their business strategy. However, awareness of CSR and their
CSR activities is inadequate. Based on the available literature and the figures have been released.
This paper aims to describe the practices of CSR in vietnamese SMEs.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, vietnamese SMEs
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
61
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Ildikó edit
tIKásZ
edina VArgA
perspeCtiVes of non-gm soybean based Value
Chains in hungary’s liVestoCK industries
Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Budapest, Hungary
[email protected]
The Hungarian livestock sector required 542,000 tonnes of processed soy products (soybean meal
and full-fat soybeans), equivalent to 657,000 tonnes of soybeans in 2015. As Hungary’s self-sufficiency in soybean is rather low, 86.5 per cent of this demand had to be purchased from foreign
markets, so 469,000 tonnes of GM soybean meal entered the country. Meanwhile, the Hungarian
Government, in addition to its commitment to non-GMO crops, hopes that the extent of the use
of non-GMO raw materials in feed production, livestock farming and food production, based especially on domestic protein sources, will increase further in the future. According to this, the
study aims to determine the extra costs of using non-GMO soy products in livestock feeds in
Hungary, taking the price premium of non-GMO soya into account.
voluntary coupled support from the Common Agricultural Policy in the period 2015–2020 is
helping to scale up non-GMO soybean production in Hungary, reaching 72,000 hectares of
soybean area and 146,000 tonnes of soybeans harvested in 2015. However, 35 per cent of the domestically produced non-GMO soybeans were sold on foreign markets, i.e. the production barely
contributed to meet Hungarian demand. Thus, satisfying the remaining demand by imported
non-GMO soybean meal would have placed a significant additional burden on operators in the
value chain. The value of this would have exceeded EUR 23 million (HUF 7.1 billion) in 2015,
which would increase the production costs of the different livestock sectors by 0.4 to 2.4 per cent.
It became clear that the Hungarian Government was committed to GMO-free production, but
neither strategic steps nor support tools had been determined along the entire value chain. Research
helping the food industry to engage in non-GMO food production, surveys testing the consumers’
preferences and testing the mechanism of action of the system of non-GMO standards should be
carried out as soon as possible. This would ensure that a larger share of non-GMO soy products
produced in Hungary will be sold on the domestic market and may contribute to the production
of high value-added food products.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
62
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Alexander tItoV
renewable energy sourCes for sustainable rural
deVelopment in hungary
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The given article has the aim to analyse the key aspects of renewable energy sources usage in rural
areas of Hungary and their impact on the sustainable rural development including agricultural
sector. The shares of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption, transport, electricity, heating and cooling were considered. The promotions of the national policy in regard to renewable
energy sources and their impact on the agricultural sector were investigated, besides. Biomass was
recognised, potentially, as a primary source for energy purposes in rural areas.
Keywords: renewable energy sources, sustainable rural development, agriculture, biomass
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
63
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
edit Veres
faCtors whiCh influenCes the soCial behaViour
of Companies eXeCutiVes, Case study among sme`s
in bihor County
Partium Christian University, Oradea, Romania
[email protected]
Nowadays companies due to the growing external influence are placing greater emphasis on social
responsibility, they are not only paying attention to these activities, but also supporting these from
their resources, which is often very different from the central economic beliefs. very often the expectations are vague, but powerful, nevertheless it is worth dealing with them. Although certain
requirements appear in the law also, yet, corporate managers dedication remains an open question
like their willingness to intervene. In other cases, companies are invited to prove their willingness
to act and they do act, before any legal framework would appear to oblige the above mentioned
action.Social expectations contribute every now and then to redefine the role of the companies in
the society. The areas examined through the empirical research are the following: The research is
built on three main pillars. The first section describes the respondent's allegations about the
company, describing the allegations to take part in social responsibility should choose those that
best describe your company's activities and should be evaluated using a 5-point likert scale. It
allows managers to prioritize the development of social responsibility. In the second part I was interested in the value system of managers, here they must evaluate the allegations in the charge of a
company, even if they do not apply to their own companies. Here I examined the impact of these
attitudes and the behavior of the leaders on the companies' activities. In the third section I
examined the demographic characteristics of the enterprise itself and the characteristics of the business leaders. The enterprise features provide a picture of the test management segment format,
its main area of activity, product / service market and scope of employment. The leaders of the demographic characteristics of the research highlighted the gender distribution of the company's
management regarding the education of managers, home, work abroad and on their experiences
and last but not least family roles. Based on hypotheses all of these can influence the company's
commitment towards social programs.
Keywords: social responsibility, value system of manager, company’s commitment
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
64
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
enikő VígH1,2
József
FogArAsI1,3
Imre Fertő2,4
effiCienCy and produCtiVity analysis
of farms in a Changing Climate enVironment
in hungarian agriCulture
1
Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Natural Resources Research Group, Hungary
2
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
3
Partium Christian University, Faculty of Economics, Oradea, Romania
4
Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
[email protected]
The aim of this study is to determine the climate factors, which may influence the efficiency and
productivity in agricultural farms. Technical efficiency and productivity of different farms are
affected by several factors such as the technology used, the relative factor abundance, the institutional
reforms with the input and output market environment, the farm size and scale economies, the
organization and management, and the farm’s specialization (Gorton et al. 2004; Swinnen et al.
2009; Bojnec et al. 2012).
In the literature, two main approaches applied for efficiency and productivity change calculations:
the non-parametric approach of Data Envelopment Analysis and the parametric Stochastic Frontier
Analysis (Bakucs et al. 2010). In the first step, using the DEA model we calculate the efficiency
and productivity (independent variables) of these processes. In the second step of analysis, we investigated the effect of climate and soil factors (dependent variables) on efficiency by applying
Tobit and quantile regression analysis. These results shows that besides the processes resulting
from climate change are determining factors in the evaluation of the adapted sectoral patterns and
market conditions.
Keywords: DEA, SFA, climate effects, adaptation trends, efficiency, frontiers
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
65
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
margit weIsZ
the role of information shaping the motiVation
of enVironmental awareness
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
In my research I have examined the role of information in connection with the motivation of environmental awarness. Previous studies show that the acts believed as environmentally conscious
not always leads to the expected reduction. I assumed that one of the reasons of such a situation is
lack of the right information. On this basis I believe that with better understanding of the
consumers’ information resources, we would be able to send more effective messages about the
right behaviour and we could reduce the impact of our incorrect environmental activity.
I revealed the most popular sources of information with on-line survey for better understanding
and I searched relationship between their authenticity and motivational effects.
The research revealed that the most popular source of information is the Internet, but many
people also rely on previous studies, friends, informative programs. In addition 75% of the respondents would like to get more information about environmentally responsible behaviour. My results
show that more than 30% of the respondents think experts are the most reliable informational
source. It can be seen that the most popular sources of information do not match up with the
most trusted source. It is also revealed that the falmily is the first among the motivational factors,
followed by taxes, friends and the community.
Based on my results, I believe that it is necessary to provide right information to the people regarding to environmentally conscious behaviours. It must be said what to do, thereby facilitating
decision-making. I would do it with modern, interactive and widely available sources of information
and involving experts.
Keywords: information, motivation, environmental awareness, right information, effecitiveness,
experts
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
66
SESSion
teChnology adoption
in agriCulture
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Ferenc csImA
éva Kulcsárné
tAKács
András Bence
sZerB
analysis of road raw material logistiCs
at the sugar industry
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The authors analysed the road logistics of raw material supply at the sugar industry. The data of
beet campaign 2016 were used as basic data. Several logistic indicators were defined like number
of deliveries per day, average transport distances, average waiting time at the unloading. From the
basic data important interrelations were defined like correlation between waiting time and number
of deliveries, detailed analysis of top 10 and top 100 lorries. Authors set up the logistic flow chart
of raw material supply chain with special respect to the logistic part inside the sugar factory.
Authors set the hypothesis that the number of lorries coming into the factory to unload the sugar
beets are in strong correlation with the waiting times in the factory. However this hypothesis
seems logical the correlation analysis disproved this with no correlation at all. This result showed
that the beet reception capacity of the sugar factory is much higher than the present charging of
the unloading system and the unloading system could manage more lorries.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
69
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
éva Kulcsárné
tAKács
Ferenc csImA
András Bence
sZerB
the influenCe of sugar beet harVesters partiCularly their age - on harVest losses and
profitability
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
we evaluated in our research the harvesting machinery used for sugar beet harvesting in Hungary.
The research focused on the type and age of harvesters as well as on factors that can influence
harvest losses. The question was how harvest losses change with the growing age of the machinery
as well as the influence of this on profitability. According to the available literature harvest losses
have halved in the past 25 years. we tried to answer the question how much the acquisition of new
harvesting machinery contributes to growing beet yield and if it is worth to purchase new machinery
in terms of profitability. The goal is after all to reach a more efficient and competitive sugar beet
growing in Hungary whereas harvesting plays a significant part.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
70
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Ibolya lámFAlusI1
gábor Kemény1
András molnár1
Andrea KIss1
Ivett Illés1
márta gAál1
Zsuzsanna
HorVAtH1
csaba domAn1
Katalin tAKácsné
györgy2
dénes sulyoK3
Krisztina Péter1
eConomiC aspeCts of preCision farming
in hungary
1Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Budapest, Hungary
2Óbuda University, Károly Keleti Faculty, Budapest, Hungary
3KITE Zrt., Nádudvar, Hungary
[email protected]
The aim of our study is to reveal the effect of precision farming on economics of production. we
conducted questionnaires among FADN farmers about using of precision technology. Having coupled this information with financial data of FADN we investigated advantages of precision
farming compared to traditional ones in case of five crops. Effects of the technology are quantified
not only in terms of yields and input costs, but also in case of production value, unit costs and per
hectare profit. Tests were also performed in four different scenarios. Our results could confirm the
increase in yields and in production value, but higher average yields go hand in hand with the increase of input use (i.e. cost increase). The main reason is the relatively low input use in fertilizers,
pesticides of Hungarian farms. Despite increase of input costs, the income position of precision
farmers was better than that of traditional ones. Different scenarios of tests underlined the importance of technological experiences. Greater experience means better use and higher advantages of
technology.
Keywords: precision agriculture, site-spesific farming, economics of production
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
71
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Ferenc nádAsdI1
Kornélia
ZArándné
VámosI2
deVelopment of the fertilization of potato
through the method of Value analysis
1
University of Dunaújváros, Institute for Social Sciences, Dunaújváros, Hungary
2
Budapest Business School, Budapest, Hungary
[email protected]
we have received a suggestion for the analysis of an agricultural area during our research. This area
was the fertilization of potato. we have received some observations that fertilization was not
efficient enough. The majority of the people concerned considered fertilization necessary, however,
they were not satisfied with the efficiency of the applied technologies. As a first step, we have evaluated the demands and expectations towards fertilization. According to our analyses, errors occur
already at this stage. Expectations are broader than what current practice can provide for. However,
the most important source of demands towards fertilization is the potato itself. we must take into
account the particularities of the land to be implanted. Besides what was mentioned beforehand,
we have to take into consideration the compliance obligation with government regulations (e.g.
environment conservation). Our work-group was supported by agriculture experts. According to
their experiences, farmers often do not apply the proper quality fertilizer which would be best for
the given soil type and the given potato. The reasons for this are lack of knowledge and perpetuated
outdated beliefs. It is crucial to apply the proper quality fertilizer with the needed compounds
because on the one hand, it influences the quality of the soil, and on the other hand, the wrong
composition might impede the improvement of the plants with different cultures. During their
usage, it is very important to take a sample of the soil because we find different types and qualities
of soils everywhere. In order to efficiently process the problem, we applied value Analysis. we
derived our function analysis from the identified needs. Function analysis made it possible to
more accurately rank and grade the different fertilizers. we believe that the suggestions set out by
us can foster the more efficient application of fertilizers. In our view, the methodological results
applied by us can be efficiently adopted to other fields of agriculture as well.
Keywords: potato, fertilization, value Analysis, Function Analysis System Technique
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
72
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
enikő nAgy
it in tourism eduCation
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
I locate the IT aspects in the tourism education of economic area. My thoughts are around three
pillars. These are tourism, information technology and education. It can be an example; how to
develop attitudes, knowledge and skills of the economic by the help of IT in today's educational
system.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
73
SESSion
poster session
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
gergő Illés1
Kitti
némedI-Kollár2
analysis of the agriCultural position
of jászfényszaru's eConomy
1
Szent István University, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
Szent István University, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
[email protected]
2
Jászfényszaru which is located in the western part of Észak-Alföld Region has one of the most important today’s resources, it has industry. The Samsung Electronics Magyar ltd. is a remarkable
value for the town; it is the biggest television factory in Central and Eastern Europe. The presence
of the multinational company has many advantages to the economic aspects, for example it
generates substantial incomes to the local government budget and magnetizes other companies to
the Industrial Park and to the area. The result of the economic development is unquestionable,
but the negative demographic trends raise concerns. However the decrease in population and
aging of society are specific to the country, Jászfényszaru has more possibilities to manage the challenges than an average Hungarian town (Illés, 2016).
In our study, we examined several areas of economic and social background. After a short
research we got numerous problems. In the research we used various methods as document analysis,
questionnaire data collection, interviews and SwOT analysis. After the complex using of methods
we can say that the inhabitants are mostly satisfied with Jászfényszaru. The local government implemented important developments. As a result, the town has renewed centre, the inclusion increased
among the segregated area and other part of the town. Due to the investments to the infrastructure
system Jászfényszaru has excellent accessibility and traffic safety. It was typical of decision-makers
if they wanted to achieve development in an area, they have success (Illés, 2016; Káposzta et
al.,2016).
In our opinion, after the political and economic changes the leaders of the town measured the
challenges and the opportunities on a very good way and they gave correct answers for economic
and social crisis. Today’s investment of Thyssenkrupp Presta Hungary ltd. could be a new milestone
in the town’s life. For further successful development the community should widen their horizons
to manage the progress on a complex way. The sustainability may be the determining factor in the
town’s life in the coming decades (http://www.jaszfenyszaruiparipark.hu/site/index.php?lang=2
&f=291&p=691).
Keywords: agricultural; Jászfényszaru; social employment; economy
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
77
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
rita KorosecZné
PAVlIn
Veronika gál
Katalin Bodorné
KoVács
hungarian Vat rules in Case of foodstuffs
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
value added tax is a major tax instrument in European Union countries contributing to their
budget. In Hungary it covered 10 percent of GDP in 2016. According to European vAT Directives,
the EU defines range vAT rules. Based on these rules, the 28 member states are otherwise free to
regulate their standard vAT rates besides the minimum level is 15 percent. The EU permits a maximum of two reduced rates, however the lowest of which must be 5 percent or above.
More EU members, such as Hungary, has reduced the vAT of foodstuffs in years of recession.
The standard vAT rate is 27 percent in Hungary, but there are two reduced rates (18 percent for
certain foodstuffs such as milk and bread and 5 percent for certain meat products).
Our poster shows the Hungarian vAT rules in case of a baked good. Therefore we analyze the
financial status of all members of bread production. Based on Hungarian vAT law, we introduce
the Hungarian vAT rates and "converse vAT" as well.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
78
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Andrea máté
Viktor györgy
orosZI
Zsuzsanna
sleZáK-BArtos
Zsuzsanna guld
wine buying and wine Consumption habits
of young hungarian Consumers
in the pannonian wine region
University of Pécs, Szekszárd, Hungary
[email protected]
youth shows an increased interest in wine consumption, which is due to the success of the
Hungarian wine sector and also to the popularity of wine- and gastronomy-related events in Hungary. It is important though that this increased interest should be matched with conscious and civilised wine consumption. Higher education has an outstanding role in disseminating this attitude
and the spread on information on wine consumption culture, as it can promote the acquisition of
civilised wine consumption skills within conscious and controlled frameworks. In other words:
students of higher education are a potential market for civilised wine consumption, which makes
the research and survey of the wine consumption and purchasing habits of young adults especially
important.
Our paper is a summary of the findings of a viticulture and wine sector trend research done with
the students of the University of Pécs. The example of the University of Pécs shows that the geographical proximity to the wine producing areas of the Pannonian wine Region, the achievements
and the diverse enological tourism supply of the wineries of the wine region have created a positive
attachment in the students of the university. Most of the students questioned have a high propensity
to consume wine; especially rosé and red wines are popular. The wines most favoured by them are
from the villány and the Szekszárd wine producing areas. However, they have limited knowledge
about sparkling wine and schiller, despite that fact that these are also part of the supply of the wine
region. Although their favourites are sweet and semi-sweet wines, still the consumption of spritzer
now exceeds that of Kalimocho (red wine and coke).
Our paper also deals with the wine purchasing habits of the youth, and their willingness to
expand their knowledge about wines. when making a decision on purchase, for own consumption
it is price (77.5%), in the case of presenting the wine to someone else it is quality (82%) that is the
dominant factor. A significant part of the wine-related information is gained from friends, relatives
and from social media. The majority of the respondents (84%) are happy to participate in trainings
on wine.
This shows that the taste of the youth is developing and can be influenced; young people are
open to novelties. In this process, a significant role is played by innovative organisations promoting
wine culture and wine consumption in the Pannonian wine Region: wine route associations, enological tourism cluster or the wine orders.
Keywords: civilised wine consumption, wine culture, wine purchasing habits, Pannonian wine Region, University of Pécs
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
79
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
slobodan rAKIć
international programs and initiatiVes
for the regulation of Corporate soCial
responsibility in the finanCial seCtor
Educons University, Faculty of Business Economics, Sremska Kamenca, Serbia
[email protected]
The emergence and development of corporate social responsibility in finance and banking is a
global trend initiated by major international organizations and groups such as world Trade Organisation (wTO), United Nations (UN), International Finance Corporation (IFC), G20, etc. It
incorporates two key aspects – environmental protection and preservation of the social environment.
The aim of this paper is to show best examples of international programs and initiatives which are
already implemented and which have shown global impact on different financial institutions.
Special emphasis is placed on the main architecture of these initiatives and programs and their
design. Authors use research methods pertinent for social sciences: analysis of the official reports,
documents, websites, scientific and research papers and other sources of information relevant for
the topic of this paper.
Keywords: Social Finance, Environmental Finance, Social Banking, Environmental Banking, CSR,
Sustainable Development, International Financial Organizations.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
80
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Péter sántosI
Viktória sZente
nikoletta
BöröndI-FülöP
alternatiVe sales opportunities of loCal
produCts – with speCial emphasis on meat
and meat produCts
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár Hungary
[email protected]
In Hungary the proportion of direct sales is low (Sántosi and Böröndi-Fülöp; Csíkné, 2014) and
it is observable through the fall of selected priority sectors in meat and meat products as well.
To change this situation, different sales practices should be applied. The use of community sales
forms, which work successfully in western countries, might be a solution.
we need to research how the sustainable community sales can be maintained which support the
development of the local economy.
with a quantitative survey we mapped the preferences of consumers. 289 completed questionnaires were received, and the data were evaluated with a mathematical-statistical analysis.
Based on the basic results – I can get the products from the best producers (4.02), I can find a
wide variety of local products from several producers in a big shop (3.73), the purchase of a
product can support many producers (3.66) – it is most appropriate to set up one of the community
sales forms: a community warehouse (Food Hub). A Food Hub can help with the sales of local
meat and meat products in many ways. Moreover, it can be applied in terms of other products. As
for the advantages, a shop may offer a wide range of products for consumers so that they should
go to a single shop to do the weekly shopping. Producers and consumers may develop a bond of
trust and producers may meet consumers in person. They will mutually benefit from this cooperation
as consumers can find local products whereas producers can gain an accessible sales location. Even
the opportunities of community marketing can be exploited because several producers can be advertised with one marketing activity.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
81
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
devesh sIngH
determinants of eConomiC Value added:
empiriCal study on somogy County hungary
Kaposvár University, Doctoral School in Management and Organizational Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
EvA allows companies to understand whether the business is bringing in profit and whether the
money can be implemented in a more profitable source. A greater EvA is an indication of the fact
that the company has a greater value. The goal of this study is to identify the SME’S actions carry
out on a daily basis are able to generate economic added value for their business. Starting the study
is based on comparison of EvA on different companies. Create the variables for research and
carried out the research. Sample is taken out hundred worker of SME’S employee in Somogy
County Hungary.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
82
SESSion
paper submission without
partiCipation
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
rita Anna
AmBrus
agriCultural worKers in shadow
University of Sopron, Alexandre lamfalussy Faculty of Economics, Sopron, Hungary
[email protected]
In Hungary, the employment policy of small and medium-sized enterprises is fundamentally determined by the fact that they are not able to finance the high labour costs. The aim of this paper
is to examine the common and the special features of agricultural sector having an additional important aspect, due to seasonality of the activity. The paper takes into account the regulations of
laws and based on data of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. In order to ensure the necessary
staff the agricultural enterprises try to find the best way among the legal possibilities to minimise
tax wedge and choose a form from the types of atypical employment, for example part-time work
or temporary work. But, because of the weakness of tax moral, a proportion of employees and
their incomes are hidden in shadow economy.
Keywords: employee, tax wedge, atypical forms of employment, shadow economy
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
85
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
sándor BoZsIK
deleVeraging of the eastern-Central-european
Countries' banK systems during and after the
eConomiC Crisis
University of Miskolc, Faculty of Economics, Miskolc, Hungary
[email protected]
The economic crisis broke out in the most developed part of the world in 2008 affected seriously
to the Central-Eastern-European bank systems. It wasn’t a wonder, because these economies were
closely linked to the developed countries. Firstly the Central-Eastern-European banks were mostly
owned by large western-European banks, and the management of these subsidiaries became
tougher due to the asset management problems of their mother banks. (Tressel, 2010) The current
paper examines the deleveraging of bank systems of this area during the crisis and thereafter. A
special northern-southern division can be observed among the Central-Eastern-European bank
systems, where the border is unfortunately at the northern border of Hungary. During the crisis,
the amount of private loan was mostly determined by the economic growth, the starting state of
loan-deposit ratio, as well as the uncertainty of sovereign CDS spread. In the after-crisis period the
change in private loan stock is especially the function of non-performing loan ratio and the change
in loan-deposit ratio. Hungary is an „off-line” country in case of all strong correlated variable pair,
so the decrease of private loan may have country-specific reasons besides the general theoretical variables.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
86
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
réka csImA
organiC milK sales and marKeting in the usa
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
Oganic and non organic milk product were compared in this study in one of the biggest local supermarket chani in the USA. The study shows several differences in the applied marketing mix in
case of organic and non organic milk products. Product, promotion place, packaging and price
was different. Analysis shoved that there is a big price difference between the organic and nonorganic price level. The difference is 2,3-3,3 fold on average which is a rather high difference. The
lowest difference is in product category with 0,5 gal size (2,3-2,7 fold). Both in smaller and bigger
sizes this difference is above 3 fold.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
87
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
márton
HAdnAgy
Irén wIcKert
taXation of agrarian primary produCers
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
In Hungary, special tax rules apply to primary producers. In my paper I would like to introduce
the effective legislation on them and the difference between the different tax calculation methods
through examples. I want to show how much it matters if the tax calculation done by a trained accountant and how can the tax reduced in a legal way.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
88
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
csaba sándor
HorVátH
János mAJdán
gábor VArgA
the relationship between railways and
agriCulture through the eXamples of gyseV and
fertőVidéKi (héV) loCal-railway to 1920
Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
[email protected]
The agriculture and railways are two areas, which complemented each other during the period
under consideration and usually one of the operation supposed the other. At the beginning of
railway constructions great emphasis was placed on certain agricultural regions and their centres,
which were influenced the construction of railway tracks. In western Transdanubia Sopron played
a central role, which joined the second railway line in the country. At the time of Sopron–wienerneustadt railway line opening (in 1847), in addition to the agricultural aspects, the coal mining
played an important role around Sopron because both of them were fundamental demands in
vienna using the railway transported. In the establishment of GySEv, the agricultural aspects
were emphatics because the region’s sugar factories supported the creation of the company. Due to
the development of the main railway lines Sopron had a significant regional manufacturing and
distribution central role. The railway of Fertővidék which is treating in GySEv, crossed rural
areas. The relationship between the railway and the agricultural products further increased. The
period until 1920 was the best example for this discoverable and sensible contact.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
89
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Zsolt KőműVes
lilla lengyel
dániel BenedeK
eXamination of equal opportunities for women
in the labour marKet
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
The gender stereotypes that suggest women's characteristics and motivations predestine them to
primarily take care of the household, while men's function and purpose is to be the main provider
for the family are genuinely limiting the labour market opportunities of women, leaving little
room for them being able to validate themselves based on their skillset. The majority of these stereotypes relate to women - which are formulated and based on both their marital status and their
position (female leader). These result in the disadvantage of women in correspondence with the
presumable incompatibility between leadership or conscious career focus and the drawbacks of
certain female traits (such as being gentle, smooth, caring, sentimental, etc.). Gender-related prejudices are imbedded in our consciousness and the disproportional division of household labour
are social facts. Norms anchoring these matters are particularly wide - spread in Hungary. This
paper seeks to present a comprehensive picture concerning the role of women in workplaces and
in families based on the above mentioned.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
90
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Jing lI1,2
Zoltán ZémAn1
finanCial support and Credit risK eValuation of
agriCultural enterprise in China
1Szent István University, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
2Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Institute of Finance, Jiangxi, China
[email protected]
Ever since China launched a series of economic reforms, the development of agricultural economy
has been one of the top concerns of Chinese economic development. And the core problems of agricultural economic development is the rural finance in China. This paper analyzes the financial
support problems between agricultural enterprises and commercial banks. It also probes into a
specific financial product with Chinese characteristics - the loan of rural land contractual management right, aiming at finding a solution to the contradiction between the agricultural enterprise
fund raising and credit risk controlling of commercial banks. Through the application of theoretical
analysis, comparative analysis and questionnaire survey, a credit risk evaluation model that contains
25 risk indicators based on the principle of risk evaluation index system has been established in
this paper. Appropriate use of this model will enable commercial banks to effectively assess the relevant risk of agricultural enterprises and help agricultural enterprises to obtain reasonable financial
support. As a result, financial institutions running with minimized financial risk would greatly improve the development of agricultural economy in China.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
91
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
mónika Zita
nAgy
Katalin tótH
Bernadett
HorVátHné
KoVács
agroforestry in the sCope of loCal resourCes in
hungary
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
As agriculture and other types of development take over place from natural vegetation, the benefits
that trees provide are best sustained by integrating them into agri-cultivation. Even worldwide but significantly in the developing regions - agro forestry practices involve a wide range of trees
that are protected or planted and managed on farms and agricultural landscapes. Many of these
trees have multiple uses, providing a range of benefits for ecology, economy and society. In Europe,
especially Spain and Portuguese are found with significant agro forestry systems, but even the Carpathian basin has a tradition of various forms of it. Nowadays, it is reasonable to reconsider the
transformation of poor quality cropfields and pastures into alternative cultivation, such as agro forestry. The article aims to reveal the regional agglomeration potential of agroforestry on the basis
of geographical information.1
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
92
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
nikolett németH
the role of Knowledge management in the
improVement of food safety: a reView of
literature
Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
[email protected]
Creation of efficient food-safety systems is significant in the operation of enterprises engaged in
food industry. Some authors point out that the weakest point of food-safety systems is human
factor: those workers and leaders who get into contact with food products regularly and due to the
abscence of good knowledge, even themselves mean a significant risk to food-safety. It is vital, therefore – in addition to improving the technological criteria – the continuous training of workers
and increasing their commitment.
This present study aims to introduce the role of knowledge management in the enhancement of
food-safety at food-related companies by means of processing of international and domestic literature. The study is searching for the answers to the following questions: (1) what role do human
factors play in creating and maintaining food-safety? (2) How can the tools of knowledge management be applied in the improvement of food-safety situation?
Based on secondary sources, food-borne illnesses are influenced by many factors, such as human
behavior, equipment/practice and the occurrence of pathogens. In the case of human behavior,
knowledge of food-safety plays an important role in the development of food-borne illnesses. Therefore, organizations should manage and organize knowledge actively so that it is retrieviable by
the appropriate individuals. The tools of knowledge management provide space so that organizations
could utilize, improve the intellectual capital of their employees, as well as they can set the
experiences of workers in the service of their goals.
Training, development of commitment, sharing knowlegde and experiences are efficient tools of
knowledge management that can be successfully applied in the enhancement of food safety in
food industry.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
93
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Jay stephen sIy1
Jared delA cruZ2
1
the philippine business outlooK: an analysis of
the driVers of foreign Capital inflows
Corvinus University of Budapest, Department of Business Studies, Budapest, Hungary
2
University of the Philippines, College of Social Sciences, Baguio, Philippines
[email protected]
Globalization has increased the significance of foreign capital as a source of state financing that,
under the right policy environment, provides numerous benefits to the countries it goes to. This
research seeks to analyze the business outlook in the Philippines by determining what economic
and financial variables account for the decision of foreign investors to locate their investments in
the country. The study investigates the relationship between net foreign capital inflows for the
period 1996-2014 and market size, infrastructure and labor variables together with stock market
development and real interest rate using multiple regression for time series data. The results suggest
that market size, transport infrastructure, labor costs and real interest rate are significant and
positive determinants of foreign inflows for the period. Meanwhile, telecommunications infrastructure is significantly but negatively correlated to foreign inflows. Surprisingly, all the educationrelated indicators of labor quality are found to either have a significant but negative correlation, or
positive but non-significant correlation with foreign inflows. Finally, stock market development is
negatively correlated but statistically insignificant in accounting for foreign inflows to the country
for the study period.
Keywords: Foreign capital inflows, Philippines
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
94
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Zsuzsanna
sZéles1
Zoltán sZéles2
Zoltán sZABó3
1
a Case study about methodology for innoVation
management
Budapest Metropolitan University, Institute of Economics, Budapest Hungary
2
Unisource ltd., Hungary
3
Budapest Business School University of Applied Sciences,
Faculty of International Management and Business, Budapest, Hungary
[email protected]
Our main goal was to show the innovation management and the importance of the innovation
management for companies. The real value of the IMP³rove Assessment report can be maximized
through several days of analysis executed internally or by an external consultant as well as through
planning and implementing the necessary changes.
The methodology of the IMP³rove innovation management was created as a result of a research
and development project launched which started in 2006. The IMP³rove is a registered, official,
trademark by the European Commission in all Member States of EU. The methodology involves
all aspects of innovation management: innovation strategy, innovation organization and culture,
innovation management processes, implementation conditions for innovation management and
the financial indicators of innovation management performance measures.
we present the importance of innovation management performance measures through actual
case study. The analyzed company is a leading Hungarian SME in the participation of aeronautics
and air transport related research projects. The company as being a member of different consortiums
accumulated a strong project participation experience working together with numerous outstanding
research institutes, universities, airports, airlines and innovative companies.
IMP³rove significantly helps companies to recognize hidden reserves for competitiveness and
sustainable growth in performance, efficiency, profitability. we introduce the relationship between
size and sector/operation. The companies in the competitive environment can generate significant
advantages by using IMP³rove to identify breakthrough points in development, management, innovation and knowledge capital.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
95
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Károly sZóKA
erzsébet tótHné
sZABó
Controlling tasKs and possibilities in ConteXt
with the ifrs transition
University of Sopron Alexandre lamfalussy Faculty of Economics, Sopron, Hungary
[email protected]
The consequence of the change in regulations the Hungarian accounting in several steps; opened
the possibility to interior adapt the International Financial Reporting Standards. First round this
transition at those companies expected of which securities are traded at regulated market of any
State of the European Economic Area. Furthermore, at those enterprises whose parent company
compile the consolidated annual financial statements in accordance with IFRSs (whether in the
industrial, agricultural or service sector) and it is expected at credit institutions as well. The IFRS
differs significantly from the Hungarian accounting system as regards the approach and both the
structure. This transition requires a serious organizing work and accounting preparation of the
entrepreneurs. This process contains challenges for controlling and it is sure that the controlling
system has to be changed. It should be reviewed the content and structure of the controlling and
the organizational-coordination tasks. In this study we will introduce the essence of transition to
IFRS and those most important elements and changes which are affected via that transition. (Eg.
KPIs, monthly reports, analyses, forecasts, annual and strategic plans, working capital). This transition means a lot of change and task but it also opened the opportunity to review the previous
systems and introduce the company to using a new and more efficient decision-support controlling
system.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
96
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Atobishi tHABIt
eValuating the faCtors affeCting the deCision of
adoption Cloud Computing teChnology
Kaposvár University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
[email protected]
This research project is a research to initially investigate and evaluate the factors that influence and
affect the adoption of cloud computing technology in business Jordanian organizations. New revolution in information technology is cloud computing which consider as a paradigm shift that
has many possibilities especially for business organizations. Though its huge capabilities and possibilities it still slowly diffusing due to many concerns and obstacles as a new change for business
organization. So the study will conduct in Jordan as a clear case of developing countries that can
utilize the benefits of cloud computing to enhance their business and get the cutting edge technology
but first of all to address the concerns of decision maker toward cloud computing technology.
4-5 MAY 2017 - KAPOSVÁR - HUNGARY
97
6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES
gábor tótH1
Zsuzsanna
sZéles2
2
the linK between employing “big four” Companies
and aCCounting quality – eVidenCe from
hungary
1
MÁv Service Center ltd., Hungary
Budapest Metropolitan University Institute of Economics, Budapest, Hungary
[email protected]
Different factors influence accounting quality. with the help of prior researches we reviewed this
factors and how to measure accounting quality. The aim of this research is to study the accounting
quality of companies audited by “Big Four” companies compared to companies not audited by
“Big Four” companies, in Hungary. The main question that: “Do by “Big Four” companies audited
firms have higher accounting quality?”. we examined 63 companies financial data between 1997
and 2016, altogether 732 financial statements. To evaluate these data we examined accruals,
timely loss recognition and earnings management towards target. we found that being audited by
Big Four company in Hungary leads to higher accounting quality if we studying earning management towards small positive incomes.
Keywords: Accounting quality, Big Four, Earning management, Jones Model, Timely loss Recognition,
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