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(e‡½v‡cvmvMi) Aew¯’Z| ZviB DËi †Kvj †N‡l we‡k¦i me©vwaK RbmsL¨v
m¤^wjZ kZKiv cÖvq beŸB fvM gymjgvb Aay¨wmZ ¶z`ª ¯^vaxb †`kwUi bvg
evsjv‡`k| GK j¶ mvZPwj­k nvRvi eM© wK‡jvwgUvi AvqZb wewkó GB †`kwUi
RbmsL¨v †PŠÏ †KvwUi D‡aŸ©| GB evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶YvÂjxq GKwU †Rjvi bvg
wc‡ivRcyi hv mv‡eK ev‡KiMÄ †Rjvi Aš—M©Z GKwU gnvKzgv wQj| eZ©gvb
wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi Aš—M©Z †bQvivev` Dc‡Rjv m`‡i Aew¯’Z GKwU MÖvg- bvg
Zvi QviQxbv| ARcvov Muv‡q Aew¯’Z AbybœZ, Ae‡nwjZ QviQxbv AvR GKwU
cwiwPZ bvg, GKwU BwZnvm, Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡Zi cyY¨f~wg| evsjvi Avj
AvRnvi‡K ey‡K aviY K‡i m‡MŠi‡e Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q|
mgy`ª ZxieZx© †`k nIqvq evsjv‡`‡k AvMgb N‡U‡Q ewbK gymwjg cÖPviK‡`i|
Avi gymwjg kvm‡bi c_ †e‡q AvMgb K‡i‡Qb Ava¨vwZ¥K kw³i AwaKvix A‡bK
AvDwjqv‡q‡Kivg| Zuv‡`i cik †Quvqvq I Ava¨vwZ¥K kw³i Kv‡Q bwZ ¯^xKvi
K‡i G‡`‡ki wn›`y m¤cÖ`vq `‡j `‡j Bmjv‡gi QvqvZ‡j Avkªq MÖnY Kivi d‡j
†`kwU gymwjg msL¨vMwiô †`‡k cwiYZ nq| wKš‘ fv‡M¨i wbg©g cwinvm
1757Bs m‡b cjvkx cÖvš—‡i evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv m~h© A¯—wgZ nIqvq †`kwU
Bs‡iR †ewbqv‡`i `L‡j P‡j hvq| hvi d‡j weagx©‡`i RvMiY I gymjgvb‡`i
wbM„nxZ nIqvi cvKv‡cv³ e¨e¯’v n‡q hvq|
Ebwesk kZvwãi †kl fvM| evsjvi gymjgvb‡`i Ki“Y Ae¯’v| gymjgvb‡`i RvZxq
Abyf~wZ, ag©xq g~j¨‡eva wbfy wbfy Ae¯’vq wejxb nIqvi c‡_| mviv evsjv we‡kl
K‡i Gi `w¶YvÂj wQj AÁvbZvi wZwg‡i Av”Qbœ| ag©xq Áv‡bi Afv‡e wbR¯^
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Kiv, Kcv‡j jvj wUc jvMv‡bv, c~Rvcve©‡Y gymjgvb‡`i AskMÖnY Kiv,
wZw_jMœ, w`Kk~j cvjb Ges †`e‡`exi bv‡g gvbZ Kivi gZ eû Bmjvg Mwn©Z
KvRmn wkiK I we`qvZ evsjvi N‡i N‡i †m mgq msµvgK e¨vwai b¨vq Qwo‡q
c‡owQj| gymwjg RvZxq Rxe‡b †b‡g G‡mwQj ag©xq †PZbv I ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai
GK Pig wech©q| Ggwb GK msKU mwܶ‡Y evsjvi GK ARvbv A‡Pbv wbf„Z cj­x
QviQxbv‡Z ewl©Z nj Avj­vni ing‡Zi Awgqaviv| `x‡bi Av‡jvKewZ©Kv nv‡Z
wb‡q 1873 Bs mb †gvZv‡eK evsjv 1279 mv‡j aivq P‡j Avm‡jb GK cyY¨evb
Zvcm, hyM‡kªô mgvR ms¯‹viK, gyRvwχ` Rvgvb KzZ&eyj Avjg nhiZ gvIjvbv
kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int)|
AÎ cÖe‡Ü we¯—vwiZ †jLvi AeKvk †bB| ZeyI AwZ msw¶ß AvKv‡i Zuvi
m¤ú‡K© wKQzUv Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv `iKvi| Zvi cÖv_wgK wk¶v cvwievwiK I
¯’vbxq cvVkvjvq mgvß nq| 1888Bs mb †gvZv‡eK evsjv 1293 mv‡j kvn m~dx
†bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Gi wcZv nhiZ m~dx Q`i“Ïxb Avng` Qv‡ne (in.) n¾ hvÎvi
c~‡e© Zv‡K weevn Kivb| ZLb Zvi eqm 14/15 eQi| ZLb wZwb gv`vixcy‡ii
mwbœK‡U GKwU cÖv_wgK Bmjvwgqv gv`ivmvq Aa¨qbiZ wQ‡jb| gv`vixcyi
gv`ivmvi wk¶v mgvß K‡i XvKv nv¤§v`xqv gv`ivmvq fwZ© nb| †mLvb †_‡K
dv‡iM n‡q †KvjKvZv Avwjqv gv`ivmvq fwZ© nb| †mLv‡b _vKvKvjxb mgq
†`kx †jvK‡`i †ekx hvZvqv‡Zi Kvi‡Y Zvi †jLvcovq weNœ m„wó nIqvi †cÖw¶‡Z
wZwb ûMjx †gvn‡mwbqv gv`ivmvq fwZ© nb| ûMjx †gvn‡mwbqv gv`ivmvq
Aa¨qbKvjxb mgq 1895Bs m‡b †gvRv‡Ï‡` hgvb dzidziv kix‡di cxi nhiZ AveyeKi
wmwÏKx Avj †KvivBkx (in.) Gi nv‡Z nvZ w`‡q evqvZ nb|
Gic‡i wZwb ZixKvi QeKvw` gk&K Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Gj‡g kixqZ I Gj‡g gv‡id‡Z
cvi`wk©Zv AR©b Ges Avn‡j mybœZ Aj Rvgvqv‡Zi AvwK`vq wek¦vmx,
ZvKIqv-ci‡nhMvix‡Z Zvi DbœwZ, Zvi †jevm-†cvkv‡K, Pvj-Pj‡b, AvgjAvLjv‡K Z_v mvwe©K w`K w`‡q DbœwZ †`‡L cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv Zv‡K †LjvdZ
cÖ`vb K‡i evqvZ Kivi AbygwZ †`b Ges we‡klfv‡e wKZve Aa¨q‡bi civgk© †`b|
wKZve Aa¨qb, ZixK‡Zi RM‡Z KwVb mvabv I †jvKRb‡K evqvZ Kiv‡bvi gva¨‡g
Pj‡Z _v‡K Zvi Kg©KvÊ|
Bs‡iRx 1901/2 †gvZv‡eK evsjv 1308 mv‡j kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (in.)
¯^xq cxi Qv‡ne †Kejvi GRvRZ wb‡q Z`xq gvZv Qv‡nevbx, ¯¿x, 2 cyÎ I
fwMœcwZ nv‡dR Avt iwk` Qv‡ne mnKv‡i g°v kix‡d wnhi‡Zi wbq‡Z hvb| Aek¨
wZwb cxi Qv‡ne †Kejvi wbKU wnhi‡Zi K_v Rvbvbwb| †mLv‡b evmv fvov K‡i
_v‡Kb| †Lv`vi wK B‡”Q Rvwbbv, Zvi ¯¿x I `yB cyÎ Z_vq B‡š—Kvj K‡ib| nhiZ
gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (in.) Gi gvZv Qv‡nevbx †`‡k wd‡i Avmvi Rb¨ e¨vKzj
n‡q c‡ib| AZtci 1903/4 Bs mb †gvZv‡eK evsjv 1310 mv‡j cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv gvZv
I fwMœcwZ‡K wb‡q †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib|
†`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i dzidziv kix‡di nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejvi mv‡_ mv¶vZ K‡ib|
cÖ_g ¯¿x B‡š—Kvj Kivq 1905Bs m‡b 32/33 eQi eq‡m †MvcvjMÄ wRjvi
†KvUvjxcvov _vbvi Kzkjv MÖv‡gi ¯^bvgab¨ †PŠayix es‡ki Avãyj Iqvdx
Qv‡n‡ei Kwbôv Kb¨vi mv‡_ ïf cwiYq my‡Î Ave× nb Ges †n`v‡qZ I `xb cÖPv‡ii
Kv‡R e¨vcKfv‡e AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib|
1905Bs m‡bi w`‡K wZwb GKLvbv †MvjcvZvi †`vPvjv Ni wbg©vY K‡ib| hvi
DËi w`‡K gymvwdiLvbv A_©vr †gngvb‡`i Lvevi Ni Avi `w¶Y w`‡K LvbKvn ev
KzZzeLvbv wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Zv|
GB mgq †_‡K cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv e¨vcKfv‡e `xb cÖPv‡ii Kv‡R ewikvj A‡ji
wewfbœ ¯’v‡b we‡kl K‡i gVevoxqv _vbvi ¸w`NvUvq LvbKv ¯’vcb K‡i AÎ
GjvKvq `xb cÖPv‡ii Kv‡R iZ _v‡Kb| G mgq ûRy‡ii GKwU †QvU eRiv (cvskx
†bŠKv) wQj| †mB eRiv‡Z Qdi Ki‡Zb| eRiv †Kbvi c~‡e© wZwb cvq †nu‡U Qdi
Ki‡Zb|
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ej‡j AZz¨w³ n‡e bv| wewfbœ Ajx-Avj­vn, cxi-gvkv‡qL‡`i AvMg‡b G‡`‡k Bmjvg
cÖPvi n‡q‡Q, we`AvZ I evwZj AvKx`v `~i n‡q‡Q Ges weag©x‡`i‡K Bmjv‡g
`xw¶Z Kiv n‡q‡Q wVKB; wKš‘ Bmjvg‡K cwic~Y©fv‡e Rvbv I †evSvi Rb¨
Bmjvgx wk¶v †K›`ª cÖwZwôZ bv nIqvi d‡j cwic~Y© Bmjvgx mgvR Z_v
Bmjvgx mgvR e¨e¯’v MVb Kiv m¤¢e n‡q I‡Vwb| KzZ&eyj Avjg nhiZ gvIjvbv
†bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) wn›`y¯—v‡b wk¶v Rxeb †kl K‡i gnvMÖš’ Avj KyiAvb
†ZjvIqv‡Zi e¨e¯’v, KziAvb wk¶v `vb, wnKgZ I mybœv‡Zi wk¶v Ges gvby‡li g‡a¨
Avn‡j mybœvZ Aj-Rvgvqv‡Zi AvwK`v I ˆbwZKZv‡eva RvMÖZ K‡i PwiÎ
ms‡kva‡bi bxwZgvjv mvg‡b †i‡L wZwb cÖYqb K‡ib Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi GKwU
cwic~Y© Kvh©µg| ARcvov Mvu QviQxbv‡K wKfv‡e Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi
cÖvY‡K›`ª wn‡m‡e M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb AÎ cÖe‡Ü Zvi IciB Av‡jvKcvZ Kivi
cÖqvm cve|
mv‡_ mv‡_ QviQxbvi AZxZ-eZ©gvb Z_v KzZ&eyj Avjg kvn& m~dx nhiZ
gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int), Z`xq eo Qv‡neRv`v MÏxbkxb cxi gyRvwχ`
Rvgvb nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) Ges Z`xq cyÎ
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Ges AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœq‡bi GKwU msw¶ß iƒc‡iLv Zz‡j aivB AÎ wbe‡Üi
cÖwZcv`¨ welq|
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Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvb mg~n †`Lv hv‡”Q Zv g~jZt D³ LvbKviB dmj| ïay ZvB bq, nhiZ
gvIjvbv kvn m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Ges Z`xq eo Qv‡neRv`v MÏxbkxb cxi
†gvRv‡Ï‡` Rvgvb nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int)
mviv evsjvq wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †h g³e gv`ivmv cÖwZôv K‡i †M‡Qb Zvi msL¨v
mv‡o Pvi nvRv‡ii E‡aŸ©|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Zvi cÖwZwôZ LvbKvq
ag©cÖvY gymjgvb‡`i‡K ZixKvi QeKv`x wk¶v`vb I Zvjxg ZiexqvZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
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Bmjvgx Aven m„wó Kivi cÖej B‡”Q Zvi g‡a¨ RvMÖZ nq|
cÖm½Z t D‡j­L¨ †h, ZrKvjxb mgq c~e© evsjvq gv`ivmv †gv‡UB wQjbv Zv bq|
wKš‘ weRvZxq fveaviv I K…wó KvjPv‡ii AvNv‡Z H mKj gv`ivmv i¶v †c‡Z
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†mB me Av‡jgM‡Yi g‡a¨ bex‡q cvK Qvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj­vg Gi Av`k©
Z_v mybœvZ ZixKv Lyu‡R cvIqv gyw¯‹j nZ| ZvB giûg cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv Ggb
GKwU gv`ivmv Lyjevi cÖwZÁv wb‡jb hv n‡e mybœvZ ZixKvi aviK-evnK I
cÖPviK, hv n‡e weRvZxq Av`k© K…wó KvjPvi I evwZj AvwK`vi cÖwZ
P¨v‡jÄ| ZvB wZwb cÖv_wgK ch©vq 1912/13 mv‡j †KivwZqv gv`ivmv ev g³e
cÖwZôv K‡ib|
nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv e‡jwQ‡jb †h, ÒAvwg hLb GB g³e cÖwZôv Kwi ZLb
Avgvi †Kvb cyÎ mš—vb RxweZ wQj bv|Ó wZwb wbqZ K‡iwQ‡jb †h, ÒAc‡ii
mš—vbw`M‡K wk¶v w`‡j wKqvg‡Z Zv‡`i Øviv wbR mš—v‡bi KvR n‡e| GivB
n‡e Avgvi iƒnvbx AvIjv`|Ó R‰bK †jvK‡K K_v cÖm‡½ wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb,
Òevev! Avgvi B‡”Q †`kx †Q‡jiv Avj­vni Kvjvg wk¶v K‡i †ivRv bvgvR wVK gZ
Av`vq Ki‡e I kixqZ †gvZv‡eK Avgj Ki‡e| Avgvi K‡qKwU †Q‡j wQj mK‡jB
gviv †M‡Q| Avwg nv`xm kix‡d †c‡qwQ, wb‡Ri †Q‡j †c‡j bv _vK‡j A‡b¨i †Q‡j
†c‡j‡K `xwb Bjg wk¶v w`‡j †Kqvg‡Z Zviv kvdvqvZ Ki‡e| †mRb¨B Avwg K¡vix
†Lvi‡k` Avjx mv‡ne‡K †i‡L †KviAvb kixd covw”Q|Ó
GKw`b nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) e‡jwQ‡jb, Òdzidziv kix‡di
cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv nhiZ AveyeKi wmÏxKx Avj †KvivBkx (in.) hLb cÖ_‡g Avgvi
evox‡Z Zvkwid Avb‡jb ZLb wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, Òevev! GB †`k `xwb Bj‡g eoB
cðv`c`| Avcwb 2/1wU †Q‡j‡K Avgvi m¤§y‡L Av‡bb, Avwg Zv‡`i‡K QeK w`‡q
hvB|Ó myZivs K‡qKwU †Q‡j‡K Zvnvi m¤§y‡L Avbv n‡j nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv
(in.) Zv‡`i‡K QeK w`‡q ej‡jb, Òevev †bQvi! Avcwb `xwb Bjg wk¶v `v‡bi e¨e¯’v
Ki‡eb|Ó nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv Dcw¯’Z mKj‡K wb‡q GB g³‡ei DbœwZ Kvgbv
K‡i †Lv`vi `iev‡i †gvbvRvZ K‡ib|
1915Bs mb †gvZv‡eK evsjv 1322 mv‡j 22/23 nvZ j¤^v I 7 nvZ cvk 1wU
†MvjcvZvi Ni DVv‡bv nq| GB mgq †_‡KB wbqgZvwš¿K K¬vkIqvix RvgvZ Pvjy
nq| cÖ_g Zvwi‡LB 30/40Rb QvÎ nvwRi nq| ZLb weï× fv‡e KziAvb †ZjvIqvZ,
†gdZvûj RvbœvZ I iv‡n bvRvZ wKZve cov‡bv nZ| mv‡_ mv‡_ Bs‡iRx I evsjv
cov‡bv nZ|
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Abyhvqx RvgvZ wbq‡g ZvÕjxg ïi“ nq Ges gv`ivmvi bvgKiY Kiv nq ÔQviQxbv
`vi“mmybœvZ Avwjqv gv`ivmvÕ|
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RvgvZ †Lvjv nq| mv‡_ mv‡_ gv`ivmvi NiI eo Kiv nq|
Ab¨w`‡K QvÎ wk¶K‡`i bvgvR covi Rb¨ m¤cÖmvwiZ cvKv gmwR` wbg©v‡Yi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`qvq 1920Bs m‡b 64x45 dzU AvqZb wewkó cÖ_g cvKv
gmwR` wbg©vY Kiv nq|
ZLbKvi wefvMxq B݇c±i Rbve kvgmyÏxb mv‡ne 1926Bs m‡b GKevi gv`ivmv
cwi`k©b Ki‡Z Av‡mb| wZwb cxi Qv‡ne nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (in.) †K
wbD ¯‹xg gv`ivmv Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK Aby‡iva Ki‡jb Ges ej‡jb, ÒAvgiv gv`ivmvi Ni
`iRv DVv‡bvi Rb¨ h‡_ó UvKv †`qvi e¨e¯’v Kie| Iì w¯‹g gv`ivmvq mvnvh¨ †`qvi
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gv`ivmvq Aek¨B mvnvh¨ KiZvg|Ó nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv ej‡jb, ÒwbD ¯‹xg
gv`ivmv Ges nvB ¯‹zj Avgv‡`i GB †Rjvq A‡bK Av‡Q| Avwg wKQz †jvK‡K
bv‡q‡e ivm~j Z_v mybœ‡Zi cve›`, Avn‡j mybœvZ-Aj-Rvgv‡Zi AvwK`vq gReyZ
GK`j n°vbx Avgjx Av‡jg ˆZix Kivi Rb¨, †KviAvb nv`xm Ges `xwb G‡jg wk¶v
†`qvi GKvš— evmbv wb‡qB GB gv`ivmv K‡iwQ| Avcbv‡`i AvB‡b hw` Giƒc
wk¶vq mvnvh¨ †`qvi e¨e¯’v bv _v‡K, Z‡e Avgvi Avj­vn Av‡Qb wZwbB Avgv‡K
mvnvh¨ Kwi‡eb|Ó
cÖm½Zt D‡j­L¨ †h, wbD ¯‹xg gv`ivmvi wm‡jevm miKvi KZ…©K wbqwš¿Z
wQj| ˆelwqK welq mg~‡ni cvV¨cy¯—K ¯‹zj gv`ivmvi GKB wQj Ges Awfbœ
cÖ‡kœ cix¶v nZ| †mme gv`ivmvq Qv·`i‡K mybœwZ Av`‡k© Movi †Kvb
cÖ‡Póv ev eva¨ evaKZv wQj bv| eZ©gv‡b AwaKvsk Avwjqv gv`ivmvi Qv·`i
Avgj-AvLjv‡Ki †h wPÎ DnvB wQj ZrKvjxb wbD ¯‹xg gv`ivmvi iƒc| Ab¨ w`‡K Iì
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gvIjvbv kvn m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) wbR gv`ivmv‡K wbD ¯‹xg gv`ivmvq
iƒcvš—i Ki‡Z ivRx nbwb|
cvVK‡`i AeMwZi Rb¨ D‡j­L Ki‡Z n‡”Q †h, 1914Bs m‡b e„wUk miKvi Bmjvgx
wk¶vi ms‡KvP‡bi gvb‡m Avwjqv gv`ivmvi wm‡jev‡m ˆelwqK wel‡qi cÖvavb¨
w`‡q Aciw`‡K `xwb wk¶vi ms‡¶cb K‡i †h wm‡jevm cÖYqb I cÖeZ©b K‡i
DnvB wbD ¯‹xg bv‡g AwfwnZ nq| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e 1780Bs m‡b cÖwZwôZ
†KvjKvZv Avwjqv gv`ivmvq cÖewZ©Z wk¶ve¨e¯’v ¯^vfvweK fv‡e Iì ¯‹xg bv‡g
AwfwnZ n‡Z _v‡K| D‡j­L¨ †h, GB Iì ¯‹xg gv`ivmvi wm‡jev‡m `xwb wk¶vi
cÖvavb¨ _vKvq miKvi Gme gv`ivmvq mvnvh¨ cÖ`vb eÜ K‡i wbD ¯‹xg gv`ivmvi
cÖwZ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z _v‡K|
1915Bs mb n‡Z 1927Bs mb ch©š— mgq‡K gv`ivmvi cÖv_wgK ¯—i ejv P‡j|
1927Bs m‡b gv`ivmvi cÖ_g g¨v‡bwRs KwgwU MwVZ nq| †k‡i evsjv G.†K.dRjyj
nK mv‡ne KwgwUi mfvcwZ Ges nhiZ cxi mv‡ne †Kejv KwgwUi †m‡µUvix
wbe©vwPZ nb| G mgq †_‡KB we‡kl Dchy³ †gv`v‡i©mxb‡`i (wk¶K‡`i) Øviv
gv`ivmv cwiPvwjZ n‡Z _v‡K| cÖe‡Üi K‡jei e„w×i Avk¼vq Zv‡`i bvg D‡j­L bv
Ki‡jI `yÕGKR‡bi bvg D‡j­L Kiv hv‡”Q| †hgb mycvwi‡›U‡Û›U gvIjvbv jyrdzj
nK †PŠayix UvB‡Uj Gg.G.wm‡jUx mv‡ne, †nW gvóvi †gŠjfx AwRDj­vn mv‡ne,
we.G, Gj.Gj.we. (AvjxMo)| gv`ivmvi DbœwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ QvÎ msL¨v ewa©Z
nIqvq †evwW©s N‡ii m¤cÖmviY Avek¨K n‡q c‡o|
myIg Rvgv‡Zi †m›Uv‡i cix¶v †`qvi miKvix gÄyix cÖvß nq 1927Bs m‡b| Ges Djv
RvgvZ †Lvjv nq 1928Bs m‡b| Rvgv‡Z Djvi †m›Uvi cix¶vi gÄyixI nq H mgq|
1927Bs m‡b 29†k Rvbyqvix gv`ivmvi cÖ_g gÄyix cvIqv hvq| 1937Bs m‡b
Rvgv‡Z Djvi cvi‡g‡b›U gÄyix cvIqv hvq|
QvÎ msL¨v e„w× nIqvq eû ¯’vb fivU K‡i e„n`vKvi wZbLvbv wUb‡kW †evwW©s
wbg©vY Kiv nq| cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng`
(int) G gv`ivmv n‡Z Avn‡j mzbœvZ Aj RvgvAv‡Zi AvKx`vq wek¦vmx Ges A_©
DcvR©‡bi gvbwmKZvgy³ GK`j mwZ¨Kvi bv‡q‡e ivm~j, n°vbx Av‡jg, nv`x ˆZix
Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb; hviv G †Mvgivn RvwZ‡K mybœ‡Z beexi Av`‡k© M‡o Zz‡j
Bmjvgx mgvR e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv Ki‡eb| G D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ wZwb cÖwZwU
Qv·K wb‡Ri †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †i‡L †jevm-†cvkvK, wmivZ-myivZ, Av`e-AvLjvK,
I kixq‡Zi Avgj AvKx`vq Af¨¯— Kivi Rb¨ me©`v hZœevb _vK‡Zb| G D‡Ïk¨ mdj
Kivi Rb¨ wZwb gv`ivmvi cÖvq mKj Qv·KB ci‡nRMvi †gvËvKx wk¶K‡`i
ZË¡veav‡b †evwW©s-G †i‡L webvg~‡j¨ †LvivK I evm¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kivi ¸i“
`vwqZ¡ wbR gv_vq Zz‡j wb‡jb| G wjj­vn †evwW©s 1920Bs m‡b cÖwZôv K‡ib|
1930Bs mb †gvZv‡eK evsjv 1337 mv‡j nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv wbR evwoi
bvwi‡Kj I mycvix e„‡¶ cwic~Y© GKLvbv evMvb †K‡U gv`ivmvi Rb¨ 80 nvZ
ˆ`N¨© I 20 nvZ cÖ¯’ GKwU `vjvb wbg©v‡Yi B”Qv K‡ib| D³ fe‡bi wfwËi gvc
wba©viY K‡ib nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv kvn m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Gi eo
Qv‡neRv`v kvn& Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int)| ZLb wZwb 14/15 eQ‡ii
evjK gvÎ| nqZev Avj­vn cv‡Ki B‡”Q wQj GB Qv‡neRv`v nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn&
Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) Gi ØvivB gv`ivmvi cÖf~Z DbœwZ mvwaZ n‡e
Ges n‡q‡QI ZvB| gv`ivmvi `vjv‡bi KvR Avi¤¢ Kivi c~‡e© nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv
kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Z`xq cxi gyRvwχ` Rvgvb dzidziv kix‡di cxi
nhiZ gvIjvbv Avey eKi wmÏxKx Avj †KvivBkx mv‡n‡ei †gveviK n¯— Øviv BU
¯úk© Kwi‡q Av‡bb| eiKZ nvwm‡ji Rb¨ wfwË ¯’vc‡b D³ BULvbvB cª_g e¨envi
K‡ib| Bs‡iwR 1931 m‡b 80x20 nvZ AvqZb wewkó gv`ivmv fe‡bi wfwË cÖ¯—i
¯’vcb Kiv nq|
wK ai‡bi weiƒc cwi‡ek I cwiw¯’wZi g‡a¨ KzZ&eyj Avjg kvn& m~dx nhiZ
gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) gv`ivmv fe‡bi cvKv wewìs wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ wfwË
cÖ¯’i ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb Zvnv ZrKvwjb KZK †jv‡Ki gš—e¨ ï‡b eySv hvq| †hgbÒbvwi‡Kj ïcvwi Mv‡Qi evMvbUv †K‡U me©bvk K‡i‡Q, GZeo `vjvb hw` Rv‡M
Z‡e wm× av‡bI MR Rvjv‡e|Ó GgbwK gv`ivmvi g¨v‡bwRs KwgwUi m`m¨ nvRx
BDmyd Avjx mv‡ne‡K GKRb wkw¶Z †jvK GB e‡j Dcnvm K‡iwQj †h- ÒGB
`vjvb RvM‡j Avwg nv‡Z Pzwo w`‡q iv¯—vq nuvUe|Ó
ZLbKvi XvKvi GKRb †iÄ B݇c±i GZeo `vjv‡bi †bIKvUv †`‡L we`ªƒc”Q‡j
e‡jwQ‡jb ÒGZ eo `vjvb DV‡e wK? bv ïay Mfb©‡g›U n‡Z UvKv jIqvi dw›`Ó?
Avj­vn cv‡Ki Amxg ing‡Z Ges Avj­vni Ajxi Kvivg‡Z miKvix A_© mvnvh¨
QvovB GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B GK Zjvi KvR mgvß nq| Ges c‡ii eQiB †mB B݇c±i
mv‡ne cybt cwi`k©‡b G‡m †`‡L Avðvh©vw¤^Z nb| Avj­vn cv‡Ki Amxg ing‡Z
Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B wØZ‡ji KvR m¤úbœ nq|
ZrKvjxb mgq GZ`v‡ji gv`ivmvi m‡ev©”P¯—i RvgvAv‡Z Djv (eZ©gvb dvwRj)
cix¶v †K›`ª †KvjKvZv n‡jI G gv`ivmvi QvÎiv K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cvk K‡i Av‡m|
wKš‘ †KvjKvZv hvIqv-Avmv, _vKv-LvIqvi Rb¨ wecyj cwigvY A_© e¨q Ki‡Z nq
weavq Mixe AwffveKMY †c‡i DV‡Zb bv| ûRyi †Kejv eû †Póv-Z`exi K‡i cix¶v
†K›`ª ewikv‡j Avbq‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| 1933Bs mb †_‡K QvÎiv ewikvj †K‡›`ª cix¶v
†`qvi my‡hvM jvf K‡i| Ges QviQxbvq cix¶vi †m›Uvi ¯’vwcZ nq 1950 m‡b|
wjj­vn †evwW©s-G QvÎmsL¨v e„w× cvIqvq c~e© wbwg©Z K‡qKLvbv e„n`vKvi
wU‡bi N‡iI ¯’vb m¼zjvb bv nIqvq G mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ 272x27 dyU AvqZb
wewkó ¯’vqx cvKv QvÎvevm wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ †Póv ïi“ Ki‡jb| G †evwW©s
wbg©v‡Yi ¯’vb m¼zjvb Ki‡Z wM‡q wbR emZ evwoi Aewkó djevb e„¶ m¤^wjZ
evMv‡bi GK weivU Ask `vb K‡ib| gv`ivmv †evwW©s I Zr msjMœ M„nvw`
wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ ¯’vb w`‡Z wM‡q wbR¯^ emZ evwoi wZb PZz_©vsk cwigvY
Rwg IqvK&d K‡i †`b|
cÖm½Zt D‡j­L¨ †h, `v`vi RxeÏkvq nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb
Avng` (int) Gi wcZv m~dx Q`i“Ïxb Avng` (int) B‡š—Kvj Kivq gv`yg wgiv‡mi
(Iqvwik †_‡K ewÂZ) AvIZvq c‡o ˆcwÎK m¤úwË ej‡Z wKQzB cvbwb| Zvi GK
dzdz GwZg †bQvi“Ïxb‡K Zvi Ask `vb K‡i †`qvq wZwb †h m¤úwËi gvwjK nb
Dnv †_‡K mvgvb¨ wKQz Ask †i‡L evKx me c~e© cyi“l‡`i hviv GBmg¯—
evwoNi ˆZix K‡i wM‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i iƒ‡n QIqve †iQvwb I `x‡bi mygnvb †L`g‡Zi
wbq‡Z IqvK&d K‡i †`b| Z¨v‡Mi G gnvb bRxi weij `„óvš—| cÖ_g IqvK&d
†iwRwóª nq 20-12-1934Bs m‡b evsjv 1341 mv‡j 4Vv †cŠl|
gmwR‡`i `w¶Y cv‡k¦© njy`-jvj is‡qi †h wØZj QvÎvevmwU i‡q‡Q †hwU Avey
eKi wmÏxKx nj bv‡g cwiwPZ, GwUB cxi gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng`
(int) Gi Agi KxwZ©i ¯^v¶i enb Ki‡Q| miKvix 40 nvRvi UvKv I Rbmvavi‡Yi `v‡b
g‡bvig Kvi“Kvh© LwPZ wØZj QvÎvev‡mi KvR 1935Bs m‡b mgvß nq| gv`ivmvi
mybvg myL¨vwZ Qwo‡q civq e„nËi evsjvi Mfb©i Rb nvievU© Av_©vi QviQxbv
gv`ivmv cwi`k©‡b Av‡mb evsjv 1337 mv‡ji 11B AMÖnvqb|
Qv·`i ARy †MvQ‡ji Rb¨ 1937Bs m‡b gmwR‡`i `w¶Y cv‡k¦© 90 nvZ ‰`N©¨ 50
nvZ cÖ¯’ cyKzi Lbb K‡i cÖvq mKj cv‡oB NvUjv euvavb nq|
1938Bs m‡b 47x24 dzU AvqZb wewkó nv‡dRx gv`ivmv feb wbg©vY K‡i ûRyi
†Kejv wndRyj KyiAvb wefvM Lyj‡jb| gv`ivmv fe‡bi c~e© `w¶Y cv‡k¦© c~e©
wfwUi wØZxq Zjvq GB nv‡dRx gv`ivmvi Kvh©µg ïi“ nq|
gv`ivmv I †evwW©s Gi wØZxq ¯—i 1927-1938Bs mb ch©š— GKgvÎ gv`ivmv,
nv‡dRx gv`ivmv, e„nËi wØZj QvÎvevm, gmwR` wbg©vY, cyKzi Lbb, gvwU fivU
cÖf„wZ Kv‡R †mB m¯—vi evRv‡iI †`o j¶ UvKvi AwaK e¨q n‡qwQj|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int)-Gi cÖavb j¶¨ wQj ivm~‡j cvK
mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn IqvQvj­vg Gi c`vsK AbymiY K‡i Pjv| ûRyi †Kejvi cÖMvp
B‡”Q wQj nhiZ bex Kixg mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn IqvQvj­vg Gi nv`xm kixd
QvÎw`M‡K wk¶v w`‡q Kv‡gj Av‡j‡g cwiYZ K‡i w`‡eb| ZrKvjxb mgq
RvgvAv‡Z Djv cvk Kivi ci nv`xm kixd covi Rb¨ ev UvB‡Uj covi Rb¨ wn›`y¯—vb
Qvov Ab¨ †Kv_vI my‡hvM wQjbv| ûRyi †Kejvi B‡”Q wQj Mixe QvÎiv hv‡Z K‡i
QviQxbvq e‡m nv`xm kixd wk¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i, GRb¨ UvB‡Uj RvgvZ †Lvjv| ûRyi
†Kejvi GB evmbv c~iY Kivi Rb¨ Z_v nv`xm kixd wk¶v`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †c‡kvqv‡ii
weP¶Y gynvwÏm nhiZ gvIjvbv Avt Rwjj mv‡ne Ges gynvwÏm nhiZ gvIjvbv
mvÕ`yj­vn mv‡neØq‡K wbhy³ K‡ib| gynvwÏm mv‡neØq we‡kl `¶Zvi mv‡_
nv`xm kixd ZvÕjxg w`‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡ib| cieZ©x ch©vq L¨vZbvgv nv`xm
wekvi`MY‡K nv`xm cov‡bvi Rb¨ wb‡qvM †`qv nq, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jb
ZzwK©¯—vb wbevmx nhiZ gvIjvbv wbqvR gvL`yg †Lv‡Zvqvbx Qv‡ne hv‡K
mvaviYZ: mevB Pxbv ûRyi e‡j m‡¤^vaY Ki‡Zb| gvIjvbv Avãym mvËvi wenvix
ûRyi Ges Kzwgj­vi gvIjvbv Avãyj jwZd Qv‡ne cÖgyL|
nv`x‡mi wKZve Lwi` Kivi Rb¨ ûRyi †Kejv wbR Znwej †_‡K GK nvRvi UvKv
`vb K‡ib Ges f³ gyix` †gvÕZv‡K`xb‡`i mvnv‡h¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K nv`x‡mi
wKZve msMÖn Kiv nq| 1938Bs m‡b UvB‡Uj AvDqvj Ges cieZ©x eQi UvB‡Uj
`yIg covb ïi“ nq|
QvÎ wk¶KMY I me©mvavi‡Yi weï× cvwb cvb Kivi Rb¨ ZrKvjxb miKvi †_‡K
cÖ`Ë 1200 UvKv Ges gv`ivmv Znwej †_‡K K‡qKkZ UvKv LiP K‡i 1939Bs m‡b
GKwU wiRvf© cyKzi Lbb Kiv nq|
†h‡nZz evsjvq †Kv_vI UvB‡Uj gv`ivmv wQjbv ZvB UvB‡Uj gÄyix †`qvi c~‡e©
1940Bs m‡b Awef³ evsjvi cÖavbgš¿x †k‡i evsjv G.†K.dRjyj nK mv‡ne Ges
e„wU‡ki †QvU jvU Mfb©i wgt Rb nvievU© Av_©vi gv`ivmv cwi`k©‡b Av‡mb|
cÖ_‡g 1939Bs m‡b cÖvB‡fU cix¶v_x© wn‡m‡e †KvjKvZv †K‡›`ª cix¶v w`‡q
AwaKvsk QvÎB K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cvk Ki‡Z m¶g nq| 1942Bs m‡b Awef³ evsjvi
cÖavbgš¿x Rbve G.†K.dRjyj nK mv‡n‡ei cÖ‡Póvq wk¶v wefv‡Mi c~‡e©i
wPivPwiZ AvBb iwnZ K‡i gd¯^j evsjvq me©cÖ_g QviQxbvB UvB‡Uj †Lvjvi
AbygwZ cÖvß nq| GKvw`µ‡g mvZ eQi †Póvi d‡j 1944Bs m‡b UvB‡U‡ji
(Kvwgj) gÄyix cvIqv hvq| Avj­vn cv‡Ki Amxg †g‡nievbx‡Z 1950Bs m‡b
QviQxbv `vi“”QzbœvZ Avjxqv gv`ivmvq cix¶vi †m›Uvi gÄyi nq| ewikv‡j I
QviQxbvq cix¶vi †K›`ª gÄyi Kivb kvn& m~dx nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avng`
(int) Gi †`vqv I †Póvi dmj| Iì ¯‹xg gv`ivmvq miKvix mvnvh¨ eÜ K‡i w`‡jI ZviB
cÖ‡Póvq A‡bK Iì ¯‹xg gv`ivmvq miKvix mvnvh¨ ejer wQj| Ajx‡q Kv‡g‡ji evmbv
Avj­vn cvK c~iY K‡ib| ZLbKvi wk¶vgš¿x Rbve †gvqv‡¾g †nvmvBb mv‡ne
QviQxbv gv`ivmv cwi`k©b K‡i †h wi‡cvU© w`‡qwQ‡jb Zvi AvswkK cvVK‡`i
AeMwZi Rb¨ DׄZ Kiv †Mj|
ÒeZ©gv‡b wZbkZ QvÎ wd« †LvivK †fvM Ki‡Z‡Q| Avwg g‡b Kwi Gi gvwmK
e¨q Qq nvRvi UvKvi Kg n‡e bv| QvÎvevm ewa©Z Kivi cÖ‡qvRb LyeB †ekx|
Avwg G wel‡q wbwðZ †h miKvi G cÖwZôv‡b gy³ n‡¯— mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb| G
gv`ivmvi h_v_© cwiPh©v Ki‡j Ges miKvi Dchy³ hZœ wb‡j GwU fwel¨‡Z evsjvi
ÒRv‡g AvRnv‡iÓ cwiYZ n‡e|Ó
gv`ivmvi †evwW©s-G ¯’vb m¼zjvb bv nIqvq `yÕev‡i we‡kl Kó †K¬k K‡i nvRvi
nvRvi UvKv LiP K‡i 15 weNv Rwg G‡Kvqvi Kiv nq|
gv`ivmv I †evwW©s GjvKvq †Lvjv PviwU cÖv½Y wQj| cÖavb cÖv½‡Y
evwl©K gvnwdj AbywôZ nZ| gv`ivmv cÖwZôvi c~e© †_‡KB wZwb evox‡Z
cÖwZ eQi Awba©vwiZ Zvwi‡L CQv‡j mvIqv‡ei gvnwdj Ki‡Zb| 1915Bs m‡b
me©cÖ_g 14, 15 I 16 AMÖnvqY gvnwd‡ji ZvwiL wba©vwiZ nq| wØZxqevi
dvêyb gv‡mi 28 I 29 ZvwiL 1932Bs mb †gvZv‡eK evsjv 1339 mv‡j wba©vwiZ
nq| cieZ©x‡Z giûg cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv gvIjvbv kvn& Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn
(int) 1983Bs m‡b dvj¸b gv‡mi gvnwd‡ji ZvwiL 1w`b ewa©Z K‡i 27, 28 I 29
ZvwiL wba©viY K‡ib| 1915Bs m‡bi A‡bK c~e© †_‡KB †h gvnwdj P‡j AvmwQj
Zvi Avi GKwU cÖgvY nj giûg cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv kvn m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§`
Qv‡jn (int) Zvi Bwš—Kv‡ji c~‡e©i eQi e‡jwQ‡jb AvMvgx eQi Z_v 1990Bs m‡b
dvêyb gv‡m QviQxbv `ievi kix‡d gvnwd‡ji kZ eQi c~wZ© n‡e|
D‡j­L¨ †h, wZwb IqvR gvnwd‡j AvMZ †gngvb‡`i‡K gvnwd‡ji wZb w`‡b wbR¯^
A_©vq‡b I e¨e¯’vcbvq †ivR `yBevi webvg~‡j¨ Lvevi cwi‡ekb Ki‡Zb| †gngvb‡`i
Avc¨vq‡bi †mB e¨e¯’vcbv eZ©gv‡bI Pvjy Av‡Q e‡U Z‡e †jvK msL¨v AZ¨vwaK
†e‡o hvIqvq nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) Zvi wbR¯^
Znwe‡ji mv‡_ f³ Abyi³ gyix`vb‡`i †¯^”QvcÖ‡Yvw`Z A_© I gvjvgv‡ji gva¨‡g
Dnvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Zb| eZ©gvb MÏxbkxb cxi nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& †gvnv¤§`
†gv‡neŸyj­vn Qv‡ne Gi Avg‡jI c~‡e©v³ aviv Pvjy Av‡Q|
gv`ivmvi UvB‡U‡ji Qv·`i ¯’vb m¼zjvb bv nIqvq eZ©gvb AveyeKi wmwÏK n‡ji
cwð‡g c~e©-cwðg w`Njx 76x30 dzU AvqZb wewkó wØZj `vi“j nv`xm wewìs-Gi
wbg©vY KvR ïi“ nq 1946 m‡b Ges 1951 m‡bi c~‡e©B wewìs Gi KvR m¤úbœ
K‡i nv`xm kix‡di ZvÕjxg D³ be wbwg©Z fe‡b ïi“ Kiv nq|
ARcvov Muv QviQxbvq ZrKvjxb mgq `~i `~iv‡š—i QvÎ AwefveK Ges evwl©K
gvnwdj mg~‡n AvMZ †gngvb‡`i Avmv hvIqvi †Zgb †Kvb e¨e¯’v wQj bv|
†bŠKvB wQj ZLb PjvP‡ji GKgvÎ Aej¤^b| XvKv-ewikvj-†KvjKvZv wógvi
mvwf©m Pvjy _vK‡jI QviQxbv †m c‡_ Aew¯’Z bv nIqvq wógvi mvwf©‡mi
†Kvb my‡hvM wQj bv| nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv we‡kl †Póvi gva¨‡g 1946Bs m‡b
QviQxbvq wógvi NvU ¯’vcb Kiv‡Z m¶g nb|
wógvi Gi wU‡KU Ni I wógvi †ókb gv`ivmv †_‡K †mvRv cwðg w`‡K b`xi cv‡o
Aew¯’Z wQj|
gv`ivmvi wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 1948Bs m‡b evsjv 1354 mv‡ji †kl fv‡M gv`ivmvi
Zid †_‡K wek nvRvi UvKv e¨q K‡i cvKv wfwU m¤^wjZ wUb‡kW QvcvLvbv
wbg©vY K‡ib|
1949Bs mb †gvZv‡eK evsjv 1356 mv‡j `w¶‡Yi wfwU‡Z 132x24 dzU AvqZb
wewkó GKZjv †evwW©s wewìs Gi wbg©vY KvR ïi“ nq| nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv
kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (it) Gi B‡š—Kv‡ji wKQzw`b c~‡e© Dnvi
wbg©vY KvR m¤úbœ nq|
we‡klfv‡e D‡j­L¨ †h, N‡i N‡i Bmjvgx `vIqvZ †cŠu‡Q †`Iqvi wbwgË 1949Bs
m‡b (evsjv 1356 mv‡ji fv`ª gv‡m) wZwb G ARcvov Muv †_‡K Òcvw¶K
ZvejxMÓ bv‡g GKwU cwÎKv †ei K‡ib| hv AvRI wbqwgZ cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q|
kvn& m~dx nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) gmwR‡`i cyKz‡ii c~e© cv‡k¦©
wewkó †gngvbM‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU feb wbg©vY K‡ib| D³ fe‡bi GKwU K‡¶ †QvU
Qv‡neRv`v nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& †gvnv¤§` b~i (in.) I Av‡iKwU K‡¶ eo Qv‡neRv`v
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& Avey Rvdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (in.) _vK‡Zb| D³ febwU ZrKvjxb
mg‡q kvnx gwÄj bv‡g L¨vZ wQj|
†`k-we‡`k †_‡K AvMZ miKvix Kg©KZ©v I wewkó †gngvb‡`i myweav‡_©
wc‡ivRcyi mve wWwfkbvj Awdmvi Rbve †Lvi‡k` Avjg mv‡n‡ei Aby‡iv‡a
BDwbqb †ev‡W©i †cÖwm‡W›U †iRv Avjx Lvb mv‡ne wbR¯^ A_©vq‡b
1950Bs m‡b 43x34 dzU AvqZb wewkó GKwU WvKevs‡jv wbg©vY Kivi KvR
Avi¤¢ K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z gv`ivmvi Znwej †_‡K Avewk¨K UvKv e¨q K‡i
WvKevs‡jv wbg©vY KvR m¤úbœ nq|
†`kx we‡`kx QvÎ wk¶K I AwffveK‡`i mv‡_ wPwV cÎ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ _vbv
m`‡i †h‡Z nZ Ges gvwbAW©vi cÖvwß, †cvóKvW©, Bb‡fjvc µq BZ¨vKvi
WvKNi msµvš— Kvh©µg hv‡Z QvÎ wk¶KMY nv‡Zi bvMv‡ji g‡a¨ cvq Z¾b¨
gv`ivmv K¨v¤úv‡m nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv kvn m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (in.)
1951Bs m‡b 21x18 dzU AvqZb wewkó `vi“”QzbœvZ bvgK cvKv WvKNi
wbg©vY K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z †UwjMÖvd AwdmI GLv‡b gÄyi Kivb|
gv`ivmvi wØZj BgviZ, QvÎvev‡mi g‡bvig wØZj BgviZ, `vi“j nv`xm wØZj feb,
gmwR` I Ab¨vb¨ M„nvw`, cyKzi, PZzw`©K kvb evav‡bv NvUjv, cvKv iv¯—v,
WvKevs‡jv, gv`ivmvi †cÖm, †cvó Awdm, †UwjMÖvg Awdm BZ¨vKvi hveZxq
`k©bxq welqe¯‘i cÖwZôvZv nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Gi
Av`k© I wk¶v c×wZ, mvabvi ¯§„wZ‡mŠa †`‡L we¯§qvf~Z I wegy» n‡q †h me
miKvix †emiKvix e¨w³eM© wfwRU †bvU w`‡q †M‡Qb ¯’vbvfv‡e Dnv D‡j­L
Kiv †Mjbv eis Zv‡`i KZ‡Ki bvg cvVK‡`i AeMwZi Rb¨ D‡j­L KiwQt(1) dzidziv kix‡di cxi AvÕjv nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey eKi wmwÏKx Avj†KvivBkx (in.) (2) cxi ev`kvn wgqv (3) Rbve LvRv bvwRg DÏxb (4) †k‡i evsjv
G.†K. dRjyj nK (5) †iÄ B݇c±i Lvb evnv`yi †gŠjfx Avt Lv‡jK (6) XvKv wefvM
¯‹zj cwi`k©K wgt †K.wm.ivq (7) wRjv g¨vwR‡óªU wgt Uvd‡jb e¨v‡iU| (8)
¯úxKvi †gŠjfx ZwgR DÏxb Lvb (9) wk¶vgš¿x †gŠt †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb (10)
wefvMxq ¯‹zj cwi`k©K Rbve Lvb mv‡ne Gg.Gb.†nvmvBb Av‡iv A‡b‡K| †k‡lv³
e¨w³i wi‡cv‡U©i GK ¯’v‡b wj‡L‡Qb, ÒGB cÖwZôvb cÖv‡`wkK MfY©i n‡Z
Avi¤¢ K‡i †Rjv AM©vbvBRvi ch©š— †QvU eo eû †jvK KZ©…K cwi`wk©Z
n‡q‡Q; wKš‘ Zv‡`i gvidZ †h mvnvh¨ GB cÖwZôv‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv kvwš—
wb‡KZ‡b cÖ`Ë mvnv‡h¨i Zzjbvq GKvš—B bMY¨| GLv‡b A‡jŠwKK kw³ m¤úbœ
GKRb gvbyl we¯§qKi ¶gZv wb‡q e‡m Av‡Qb| Bmjv‡gi wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ
Abyhvqx †Kvb cwiKíbv wb‡q miKvi AMÖmi n‡j GB AmvaviY kw³gvb gvbylwU
me©cÖKvi †mev w`‡Z cÖ¯y—Z i‡q‡Qb|Ó
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n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e gv`ivmvi Z…Zxq hyMwU AwZevwnZ n‡q‡Q|
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evm¯’vb m¼zjvb bv nIqvq `k nvRvi UvKvi AwaK e¨q 205 dyU ˆ`N© wewkó
KuvPv cvKv wfZIqvjv wZbwU wUb‡kW QvÎvevm wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| GQvov
†gv`vwi©m I gynvwÏmM‡Yi Rb¨ wbR¯^ gymvwdiLvbvq Lvev‡ii e¨e¯’v Ki‡Zb|
gv`ivmvi K¨v¤úv‡m Aew¯’Z wZbwU cyKzi- GKwU cÖvPxi †ewóZ Lvevi cvwbi
Rb¨ Ges Ab¨ `yBwU cvKv NvUjv euvav‡bv ARy †MvQj I Kvco KvPvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ
nZ|
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K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| cÖm½Zt D‡j­L¨ †h, Bmjvgx wewa-weavb m¤^wjZ gvmqvjv
gvmv‡q‡ji wKZvevw` cÖavbZ DÏy© I Aviex fvlvq wjwLZ MÖÖš’B †evSvZ|
nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv evsjvi gymjgvb‡`i‡K Bmjvgx wewa-weavb m¤ú‡K© Ávb
`vb Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ evsjv fvlvq Dc‡iv³ wKZvevw` iPbv K‡ib| gv`ivmvi wbR¯^
cvVvMv‡i (KyZzeLvbv) j¶ j¶ UvKvi wKZvevw` gIRy` wQj Ges Av‡Q| †`k we‡`k
†_‡K Gme wKZvevw` msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q|
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†Kejvi Kg©KvÊ GB gv`ivmv‡ZB mxgve× wQjbv| GQvov mvaviY gvbyl cxi ej‡Z
hv †ev‡Sb wZwb wQ‡jb Zvi e¨wZµg| Pvi †`qv‡ji gv‡S Ave× Bev`Z-e‡›`Mx,
AwRdv, †`vqv-Kvjvg, Svo-dzuK, ZvweR-KeR cÖ`vb KiZ bxie mva‡Ki f~wgKv
Zvi wQjbv| mvnvev‡q‡Kiv‡gi msMÖvgx Av`‡k©i Abymvix wQ‡jb wZwb| ZvB
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BQv‡j QIqv‡ei gvnwd‡ji Av‡qvRb, cy¯—Kvw` cÖYqb I cÖKvk, ZvejxM cwÎKv
cÖKvk, cÖKvkbv, msMVb Kv‡qg, mj‡dmv‡jnxb‡`i Abym½Z bxwZ Abyhvqx
wb`©jxq ivRbxwZ‡Z AskMÖnYmn hy‡Mvc‡hvMx wewfbœ Kg©cš’vi gva¨‡g
ÒAvg‡i wej gviƒd Ab-†bnx Avwbj gybKviÓ A_©vr mr Kv‡Ri Av‡`k I g›`
Kv‡Ri wb‡la G bxwZ AbymiY K‡i mgv‡Ri gv‡S wKfv‡e mybœ‡Z beex cÖwZôv
Kiv hvq Rxebfi †m cÖ‡PóvB Pvwj‡q †M‡Qb wZwb|
†h‡nZz ZrKvjxb mgq hvwš¿K hvbevn‡bi Lye GKUv cÖPjb wQj bv ZvB md‡ii
Rb¨ ev `~ieZ©x †Kv_vI hvIqvi Rb¨ †bŠKvB wQj GKgvÎ Aej¤^b| nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne
†Kejv m½x mv_x‡`i wb‡q md‡i hvIqvi wbwgË wZwb GKLvbv †evU (eRiv)
e¨envi Ki‡Zb| 1930 m‡b wZwb cÖ_g GKLvbv †evU µq K‡ib Ges nhiZ kvn m~dx
†bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) hZ¶Y GB †ev‡U mdiiZ Ae¯’vq _vK‡Zb gywi`vb I f³‡`i‡K
ZixKvi Zvjxg, gvQqvjv-gvQv‡qj I cÖ‡qvRbxq `xwb wk¶v w`‡Zb|
wZwb `jxq ivRbxwZ Ki‡Zb bv| wKš‘ †`k RvwZ mgv‡Ri we‡kl cÖ‡qvR‡b wZwb
h_vmgq wbR¯^ ¯^KxqZv i¶v K‡i Bmy¨ wfwËK H‡K¨i gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v
MÖnY Ki‡Z wcQcv n‡Zb bv| 1946Bs m‡b †KvjKvZv †gvnv¤§v` Avjx cv‡K©
AbywôZ wbwLj fviZ Ijvgv Kbdv‡i‡Ýi Ab¨Zg msMVK wQ‡jb nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne
†Kejv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int)| †m m‡¤§j‡b MwVZ RgBqv‡Z Ijvgv‡q
Bmjvg Gi e¨vbv‡i cvwK¯—vb Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY, 1947Bs m‡b wm‡jU
†idv‡iÛv‡g cvwK¯—v‡bi c‡¶ KvR Kivi Rb¨ eo Qv‡neRv`v nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn&
m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn Qv‡n‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ 8 m`m¨ wewkó wUg
†cÖiY K‡ib| Zv‡`i bvg- (1) nhiZ gvIjvbv AvwRRyi ingvb †bQvivev`x (Kv‡q`
Qv‡ne), (2) nhiZ gvIjvbv Avt Qvjvg (gv`vixcyix) (3) nhiZ gvIjvbv Avt AvwRR
(evKcyix), (4) nhiZ gvIjvbv Avt AvwRR †bQvix (mywe`Lvjx), (5) nhiZ gvIjvbv
Aveyj Lv‡qi Avt AvwRR (Ijvgv MÄx), (6) nhiZ gvIjvbv Avt QvËvi (gVevoxqv),
(7) nhiZ gvIt kixd Avt Kvw`i (ingZcyix) (8) nhiZ gvIt †gvLZvi Avng` (g`bv)
cÖgyL| G‡Z mdjZv Av‡m Ges MY‡fv‡U eZ©gvb wm‡jU wefvM c~e©
cvwK¯—v‡bi Aš—f©y³ nq|
Zi“Y Kg©exi kvn& Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) Gi Kg©ZrciZv, DÏg
mvnwmKZv BZ¨vKvi †bZ…‡Z¡¨i ¸Yvejx Zvi g‡a¨ cÖZ¨¶ K‡i GK mgq Rbve
†nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x mv‡ne nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejvi wbKUB cÖ¯—ve
w`‡qwQ‡jb ÒûRyyi kvn& Qv‡ne‡K Avgv‡`i mv‡_ ivRbxwZ Ki‡Z w`b, wZwb
e‡jwQ‡jb bv, I ivRbxwZ Ki‡ebv eis ivRbxwZi †P‡qI †`k mgvR iv‡óªi cÖf~Z
†L`gZ AvÄvg †`‡e|Ó Zvi G K_v A¶‡i A¶‡i cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
cvwK¯—v‡bi Bmjvgx kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ QviQxbv‡Z me©`jxq Ijvgv
Kbdv‡iÝ K‡i Bmjvgx kvmbZ‡š¿i 22 `dv iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb BZ¨vKvi eûwea Kv‡Ri
AvÄvg `jxq ivRbxwZi E‡aŸ© †_‡K w`‡q †M‡Qb wZwb| Aek¨ wZwb Avn‡j
mybœvZ Aj Rvgv‡Zi AvwK`v weewR©Z †Kvb `‡ji I g‡Zi mv‡_ †Kvbw`bB
Av‡cvl K‡i P‡jbwb|
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gvnwdj AvÄvg w`‡Zb Zv wQj ZrKvjxb mg‡q GK weivU mvnwmKZvi e¨vcvi| j¶
j¶ gvby‡li 3 w`b a‡i `yB †ejv Lvevi cwi‡ekb wQj GK A‡jŠwKK welq| nhiZ cxi
Qv‡ne †Kejv ZvÕjx‡gi KvR hv‡Z mviv eQi Pj‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ Zvi Lwjdv Ges
wewkó wkw¶Z f³ gyix`vb‡`i g‡a¨ wecyj msL¨K ZvÕjxg`vZv ˆZix K‡i wewfbœ
LvbKvq ZvÕjxg `v‡bi `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| hvi djkÖ“wZ‡Z QviQxbv `ievi
kix‡di `vIqvZx Kg©KvÊ mviv eQi mviv †`‡k cÖPwjZ wQj|
Avj­vn cv‡Ki Amxg ing‡Z Zvi Avš—wiKZv, kªg, Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v wed‡j hvqwb|
ax‡i ax‡i mgv‡Ri †Pnviv cv‡ë †Mj| gymjgvb aywZ †Q‡o jy½x cij, gv_vq wUwK
†K‡U †Mvj Uzcx cij, `vox gyÊbKvixiv `vox ivLj, m^im¦Zx c~Rvq bv wM‡q
gmwR‡` †Mj, bv‡gi Av‡M kªxi cwie‡Z© Ô†gvnv¤§v`Õ jvwM‡q w`j, †ebvgvRx
bvgvRx nj, KZ my`‡Lvi-Nyl‡Lvi, ev`K, MvqK ZIev K‡i c‡_ Gj, KZ †PviWvKvZ Zvi nv‡Z nvZ w`‡q evqvZ n‡q ZixKv gkK K‡i Avj­vni Ajx‡Z cwiYZ nj
Zvi BqvËv †bB| mgv‡Ri mKj ¯—‡ii gvbyl Zvi Av`‡k© I Kg©Kv‡Ê gy» n‡q
cZ‡½i gZ Qz‡U Avmj QviQxbvi †bQvi ev‡M| my‡kvwfZ nj j¶ †Mvjv‡ci GK
mgv‡ivn| myevwmZ nj AvKvk, evZvm, †mŠif Qwo‡q coj †MvUv evsjvi me©Î|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) wQ‡jb gvbe `i`x GKRb mgvR
†meK| cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM h_v- eb¨v, R‡jv”Q¡vm, N~wY©So KewjZ
`y`©kvMÖÖ¯— RbM‡Yi mvnvh¨v‡_© wZwb GwM‡q †h‡Zb| GRb¨ wZwb wbR
ZË¡veav‡b GKwU wiwjddvÛ MVb K‡ib| G Kv‡R cÖ_‡g wZwb wbR Znwej
†_‡K A_©vqb K‡ib| †h mKj †jvK †ivMvµvš— n‡q gvbœZ K‡i dj cÖvwßi ci
ûRyi‡K LvQfv‡e †h UvKv cqmv w`‡Zb Zv wZwb GB wiwjddv‡Û Rgv w`‡Zb|
D³ dvÛ †_‡K `yM©Z A‡ji `y`©kvMÖ¯— †jvK‡`i‡K h_vm¤¢e mvnvh¨
cvVv‡Zb| 1941Bs mv‡j wZwb g°v kix‡di wiwjddvÛ bv‡g GKwU wiwjddvÛ
MVb K‡i †mB m¯—vi evRv‡i 41 nvRvi UvKv msMÖn K‡i g°v kix‡d cvwV‡q
†`b| GQvovI wZwb cÖwZgv‡m GK nvRvi UvKv cvVv‡Zb| ûRyi †Kejv Z…Zxq
evi n‡¾i mgq g°v I g`xbv kix‡di Mixe wgmwKb‡`i‡K `vb eve` 30 nvRvi UvKv
LiP K‡ib|
cÖmsMZ D‡j­L¨ †h, 1942Bs †gvZv‡eK 1349 mv‡j `ywf©‡¶i mgq nhiZ cxi
Qv‡ne †Kejv GKwU j½iLvbv Ly‡j ivbœv Kiv Lvevi cwi‡ekb Ki‡Zb| Ggb wK
wØZxq wek¦ hy‡×i mgq g°vkix‡d `ywf©¶ †`Lv w`‡j wZwb †mB msev` †c‡q
†Ku‡` †K‡U †c‡ikvb n‡q c‡ob| 1943 m‡b D³ wiwjddvÛ †_‡K 73 nvRvi UvKv
g°v kix‡d cvwV‡q †`b| Zvi GB `v‡bi ¯^xK…wZ ¯^iƒc K…ZÁZv cÖKvkv‡_©
ZrKvjxb †nRv‡Ri myjZvb RvjvjvZzj gvwjK Ave`yj AvwRR Be‡b †mŠ` miKvi
Z_v ev`kvn 1943 m‡b GKLvbv cÎ †cÖiY K‡ib hvi d‡UvKwc wb‡gœ cÖ`wk©Z
n‡jv|
g`xbv kix‡d gymvwdiLvbv cÖwZôvmn Ab¨vb¨ †L`gZ
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) g`xbv kix‡d ev½vjx nvRx‡`i Rb¨
GKwU evwo µq K‡i GKwU gymvwdiLvbv cÖwZôv Kivi Rb¨ wiwjddvÊ †_‡K `k
nvRvi UvKv †i‡L Av‡mb| D‡Ïk¨ hv‡Z K‡i evsjv‡`kx nvRxMY Kg Li‡P g`xbv
kix‡d Ae¯’vb Kivi my‡hvM cvq| cieZ©x‡Z Zvi ¯’jvwfwl³ nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn&
Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) D³ gymvwdiLvbv cÖwZôvi mvwe©K e¨e¯’v
MÖnY K‡ib Ges D³ fe‡bi bvgKiY K‡ib Ò†bQvwiqv gymvwdiLvbvÓ| ev½vjx
nvRx‡`i wbwgË Dnv IqvKd& K‡i †`b| Ges wZwb Dnvi bv‡Ri (†gvZvIqvj­x)
_v‡Kb| Zuvi c‡i Zuvi ¯’jvwfwl³ whwb hLb _vK‡eb wZwb D³ gymvwdiLvbvi
bv‡Ri (†gvZvIqvj­x) Gi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb| g`xbv kix‡d cxi Qv‡ne †Kejvi bv‡g
GKwU cvwb weZiY †K›`ª †Lvjv nq| GB cvwb weZiY †K‡›`ªi Rb¨ cÖwZgv‡m
c„_K UvKv †cÖiY Kiv nZ| evqZzj­vn kix‡di cÖwZ‡ekx Ges g`xbv kix‡di
cÖwZ‡ekxM‡Yi †L`gZ Kivi HKvwš—K evmbvB Zv‡K GB †cÖiYv
RywM‡qwQj| Ggwbfv‡e cj­xi GK wbf„Z †Kv‡b e‡m wek¦gymwj‡gi wnZv‡_©
cÖvq GK j¶ UvKv ZrKvjxb mgq e¨q Kivi `„óvš— LyeB weij|
RgBqv‡Z wnheyj­vn
msMVb ev msNe×Zv Qvov Bmjvg Kv‡qg Kiv I wUwK‡q ivLv m¤¢e bq| wKš‘
†`‡k cÖPwjZ, m„ó, cÖwZwôZ msMVb¸‡jv g~jZ ivR‰bwZK I RMrgyLx
fveavivq AbycÖvwYZ| dzidziv kix‡di gyRv‡Ï‡` Rvgvb nhiZ gvIjvbv AveyeKi
wmwÏKx (int) Gi wb‡`©‡k KzZ&eyj Avjg nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb
Avng` (int) GQjv‡n bdm, GQjv‡n KIg Ges GQjv‡n ûKzg‡Zi Rb¨ RvwZ‡K
mwVK c_ wb‡`©kbv `v‡bi wbwgË Ges †jvKw`M‡K mwZ¨Kv‡ii gymjgvb,
ci‡nRMvi, `xb`vi Avj­vnIqvjv wn‡m‡e ˆZix Kivi Rb¨ I mgvR ms¯‹v‡ii D‡Ïk¨
wb‡q wZwb 1943 Bs m‡b ÒRgBqv‡Z wnheyj­vnÓ bv‡g GKwU AivR‰bwZK
Bmjvgx msMVb Kv‡qg K‡ib|
†ngv‡q‡Z Bmjvg dvÛ
1945Bs mb †gvZv‡eK 1352 mv‡j kvn& m~dx Avjnv¾ nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb
Avng` (in.) Ò†ngv‡q‡Z Bmjvg dvÛÓ MVb K‡ib| †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi ewkKcyi
bvgK ¯’v‡b QdiiZ Ae¯’vq GKwU bIgymwjg cwiev‡ii wbh©vwZZ, wbM„nxZ I
Amnvq Ae¯’vi eY©bv ï‡b wZwb fxlYfv‡e gg©vnZ n‡q D³ dvÛ MVb K‡ib| G
dvÛ MV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ ïay bIgymwjg‡`i mvnvh¨ I cybe©vwmZ KivB bq eis `ywf©¶,
eb¨v, Rj”Q¡vm, BZ¨vKvi cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M ¶wZMÖ¯— `y`©vkvMÖ¯—
†jvK‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv Ges mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vq †eu‡P hvIqv gymjgvb‡`i
mvnvh¨ Kiv| G e¨vcv‡i wZwb wenv‡ii `v½vq ¶wZMÖ¯—‡`i‡KI mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨
D`vi n‡¯— `v‡bi nvZ m¤cÖmvwiZ K‡ib|
GnBqv‡q Qzbœvn †evW©
1945Bs mb †gvZv‡eK evsjv 1352 mv‡j kvn& m~dx nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb
Avng` (int) ÒGnBqv‡q Qzbœvn †evW©Ó MVb K‡ib| GB †evW© I Zvi dvÛ
MV‡bi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv e‡jwQ‡jb, ¯‹zj, K‡j‡Ri
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gv`ivmvi QvÎMYI ¯‹zj K‡j‡Ri Qv·`i AbymiY K‡i †e-Avgj n‡q co‡Z‡Q| Avj­vn
hw` Avgv‡K ZvIdxK w`‡Zb Zvn‡j Aš—Z gv`ivmvi †Q‡jiv hv‡Z mybœvZ ZixKv
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G j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ wZwb cÖ_‡g wbR Znwej †_‡K 1000/- UvKv `vb K‡i Znwej
MV‡bi Kvh©µg ïi“ K‡ib| cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv e‡jwQ‡jb, Òeveviv! †R‡b ivLyb
Avgv‡K †h Mi“ QvMj, nv`xqv †`Iqv nq Dnv Avwg wb‡R LvBbv| Mixe `ytLx‡K
`vb Kwi| GLb †_‡K Dnv GB dv‡Û Rgv w`e|Ó Avj­vn Zvqvjvi Acvi ing‡Z
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cÖvwßi AwaKvix Zvnv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv gv`ivmvi cwi`k©K
wbhy³ K‡i MÖvÛ cÖvwßi Dchy³ gv`ivmv wba©vi‡Yi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| †h mg¯—
gv`ivmv mybœv‡Z beexi Av`‡k© cwiPvwjZ Ges gv`ivmvi Qv·`i‡K Avn‡j
mybœvZ Aj-Rvgv‡Zi AvwK`v, Avgj-AvLjvK, ZvÕjxg-Zviweqv‡Zi gva¨‡g bex
cv‡Ki †gvRv”Qvg bgybvq M‡o Zzj‡Z †Póv Kiv nq †mB me gv`ivmv mg~n‡K D³
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†kl n¾
kvn& m~dx Avjnv¾ nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (in.) 1950Bs mb †gvZv‡eK
evsjv 1356 mv‡j 1401 Rb n¾ hvÎx wb‡q wiRvf© ÷xgvi †gvRvd&dix RvnvR
†hv‡M n‡¾ Mgb K‡iwQ‡jb| Dnv wQj ZrKvjxb mg‡q GK Amg mvnwmKZv I
we¯§qKi e¨vcvi| G Rb¨ wZwb QviQxbv kix‡d n¾ Awdm Ly‡j mviv evsjv †_‡K
1401 Rb f³ gyix`vb n¾ hvÎx msMÖn K‡i RvnvR wiRvf© K‡i g°v kix‡d Mgb
K‡ib Ges h_vixwZ n¾ mgvcbv‡š— Avevi Zv‡`i‡K wb‡q †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb|
QvÎ wnheyj­vn
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cwiPvwjZ n‡q RvMwZK myweav cÖvwßi gvbwmKZv AR©b K‡i Ges weRvZxq
Av`‡k© AbycÖvYxZ nq| bexb wk¶v_©x I hye mgvR‡K ivR‰bwZK KjylZv
†_‡K wegy³ †i‡L Bmjvgx fveavivq mwVK AvwK`v I mybœ‡Zi Avgj`vix
Av`k©evb QvÎ wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi wbwgË 1951 Bs m‡b ÒQvÎ wnheyj­vnÓ
bv‡g GKwU AivR‰bwZK QvÎ msMVb Kv‡qg K‡ib|
KvwiMix wk¶v e¨e¯’v
gv`ivmvi Qv·`i‡K AvZ¥Kg© ms¯’vb m„wói j‡¶¨ KvwiMix Ávb Z_v nv‡Z-Kj‡g
wk¶v †`qvi Rb¨ kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) GK mgq ZvZwkí ¯’vcb
K‡iwQ‡jb| †hLvb †_‡K kvox, jy½x, Pv`i, gkvixi _vb ˆZix nZ|
ZvZwkí cieZ©x‡Z eÜ n‡q †M‡jI AvRI †mB evoxUv Zv‡Zi evox bv‡g L¨vZ n‡q
Av‡Q| we‡kl Kvi‡Y ZvZwkí eÜ n‡q †M‡j †mLv‡b wZwb gv`ivmv wk¶K‡`i
AvevwmK †KvqvU©vi wbg©vY K‡ib| eZ©gv‡bI †KvqvU©v‡ii msL¨v e„w×
K‡i wk¶K‡`i mv‡_ ÷vd‡`i Avevm‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cwi‡k‡l
Bmjv‡gi GKwU Ab¨Zg welq nj Bj‡g ZvmvDd| nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejvi ZvmvDd
ev AvZ¥ïw×i ZvÕjxg wQj Zvi ZvejxwM Kvh©µ‡gi GK Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| Bj‡g
gv‡idv‡Zi `x¶v w`‡q wbqwgZ ZixKv gkK Kwi‡q Zvi Lwjdv‡`i A‡bK‡K cÖ_g
†kªYxi Ajx‡Z cwiYZ K‡iwQ‡jb| wKfv‡e GKwU gvbyl AÁvbZvq wbgw¾¡Z,
weRvZxq fveavivq RR©wiZ, wech©¯— GKwU gymwjg mgvR‡K cÖv‡Yi ¯ú›`b
w`‡q MwZkxj K‡i w`j? gvby‡li wPš—v †PZbvi gv‡S wec­e NwU‡q Zv‡`i Cgvb
AvKx`v, Avgj AvLjv‡K Avg~j cwieZ©b G‡b w`j hv‡Z K‡i GK A‰bmjvwgK
cwi‡ek †_‡K gy³ n‡q gymjgvb Avevi bZzb K‡i wbR¯^ ZvnRxe ZgvÏyb‡K
fvjevm‡Z wkLj| wb‡R‡`i‡K gymjgvb e‡j cwiPq w`‡Z Me©‡eva Kij| w`‡knviv
Kv‡djv c‡_i mÜvb †c‡q m‡Z¨i Mvb †M‡q †M‡q `xß c`‡¶‡c cybt g`xbvi c‡_
GwM‡q Pjj| G GK weij Kvwnbx| bexi Av`‡k© wZ‡j wZ‡j M‡o DVv GKRb
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bq; GwU GKwU BwZnvm, GKwU wec­e, GKwU Av`k©| G Av`‡k©i mv‡_
Avgv‡`i cwiwPZ n‡Z n‡e| Zv‡K eyS‡Z n‡e, Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi mv‡_ Zv‡K m¤ú„³
Ki‡Z n‡e| mgy‡`ªi Zx‡i `uvwo‡q Avgiv ïay ayjvevwj wb‡q bvovPov KiwQ,
Abš— mgy‡`ªi wKQzB †`Lv nqwb| Avi Zv †`Lvi Rb¨, Zv‡K eySvi Rb¨
cvVK‡`i‡K Aby‡iva RvbvB ÒWt AvbIqvi“j nK weiwPZ kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb
Avng` (int) GKwU Rxeb GKwU Av`k©Ó MÖÖš’Lvbv cvV Ki‡Z| ¯§iYxq †h,
nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv Zvi G wgkb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wM‡q Kzmygv¯—xb© c_
AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| Bmjvg we‡Ølx †jv‡Ki Øviv m„ó eû evuav-weNœ †cwi‡q
Zuv‡K KvR Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|
1951 mb †_‡K gv`ivmvi 4_© ¯—i ïi“ n‡q‡Q ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| GB ¯—iwU GKw`‡K
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Rxeb mvabvq gv`ivmvi cig
DbœwZi hyM, Ab¨w`‡K nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejvi B‡š—Kv‡j Mfxi `ytL †e`bv I
KwVb mgm¨vi hyM e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| 1952 m‡bi 1jv †deª“qvix, evsjv
1358 mvj 18B gvN, wnRix 1371 m‡bi 4Vv Rgvw`Dj AvDqvj †ivR e„n¯úwZevi
w`evMZ ivZ 9.45wgwb‡U j¶ j¶ gyix`v‡bi Aš—‡ii ab, gv`ivmvi Aš—i½ †`v¯—,
KzZ&eyj Avjg nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Avj­vn cv‡Ki
mvwbœ‡a¨ nvwRiv w`‡jb| (Bbœv wjj­v‡n ABbœv BjvBwn ivwRDb)| RvbvRv
†k‡l QviQxbv Rv‡g gmwR‡`i DËi cv‡k¦© Zv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq|
ûRy‡ii B‡š—Kv‡j A‡b‡K GI gš—e¨ K‡iwQ‡jb †h, gv`ivmv GwZg n‡q †Mj|
†bŠKv gvwS k~b¨ n‡q coj| wKš‘ Avj­vni Ajxi Kvh©µg †_‡g _v‡K bv| RxeÏkvq
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) ¯^xq †R¨ô cyÎ kvn& Avey
RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) †K nv‡Z Kj‡g me wel‡q wk¶v w`‡q cvi`kx© K‡i
†M‡Qb| dzidziv kix‡di AvÕjv cxi nhiZ Avey eKi wmwÏKx Avj-†Kvivqkx (int) Gi
wb‡`©kbvq Ges cx‡i giû‡gi Bw½‡Z Zv‡K ¯’jvwfwm³ Kiv nq| ¯’jvwfwm³ nevi ci
wZwb AÎ †Qj‡Qjvi gyi“eŸx wn‡m‡e †Qj‡Qjv, gv`ivmv Ges Ab¨vb¨ mKj
cÖwZôv‡bi nvj k³ K‡i a‡ib| GZ¶Y KzZ&eyj Avjg nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx
†bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Gi RxeÏkvq gv`ivmvi µ‡gvbœwZi aviv weeiYx msw¶ß
AvKv‡i Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| GLb Avgiv giûg cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn&
Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) Gi Avg‡j gv`ivmvi Dbœqb g~jK Kvh©µ‡gi
msw¶ß LwZqvb †ck Kivi †Póv Kie BbkvAvj­vn|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (in.) B‡š—Kv‡ji c~‡e© †Kvb GK
Abyôv‡b †h Av‡e`b †i‡LwQ‡jb Zv cvVK‡`i AeMwZi Rb¨ wb‡gœ D‡j­L Kiv
†MjÒeZ©gv‡b Avwg eva©K¨MÖ¯— I †ivMvµvš— n‡q c‡owQ| nq‡Zv Gi ci
Avcbv‡`i mv‡_ Avgvi Avi mv¶vr bvI n‡Z cv‡i, ZvB Avcbv‡`i wbKU Avgvi
we‡kl K_v nj- Avcbviv GB ¸bvnMvi‡K †hfv‡e gneŸZ K‡ib Ges †n`v‡qZ I
Zvejx‡Mi Kv‡R †hfv‡e Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb I Ki‡Z‡Qb Avkv Kwi Avgvi ci
whwb Avgvi Kv‡qg †gvKvg (¯’jvwfwl³) n‡eb Zv‡KI Avcbviv †miƒc gneŸZ
Ki‡eb| †n`v‡qZ I Zvejx‡Mi Kv‡R Zvi mv‡_ †miƒc mn‡hvMxZv Ki‡eb Ges
Avwg †hmKj `xwb cÖwZôvb Z_v gv`ivmv, gmwR`, wjj­vn †evwWs, GnBqv‡q
mybœvn dvÛ, †ngv‡q‡Z Bmjvg dvÛ, RgBqv‡Z wnheyj­vn, BZ¨vKvi mKj
cÖwZôvb wg‡j Avj­vni ing‡Z †h GKwU Av`k© `ievi m„wó n‡q‡Q †m `iev‡ii
ˆewkóMZ Av`‡k©i ei‡Ljvc †Kvb Kvh©Kjvc †hb GLv‡b m„wó I cwiPvwjZ bv nq
†mw`‡K Avcbviv mZK© `„wó ivL‡eb| Zvn‡j BbkvAvj­vn Avgvi AeZ©gv‡bI
Avgvi iƒnvbx dv‡qR nvwQj Ki‡Z mg_© n‡eb| we‡kl K_v nj Avgvi cÖwZwôZ
gv`ivmv, gmwR`, wjj­vn †evwW©s, †ngv‡q‡Z Bmjvg dvÛ, GnBqv‡q mybœvn
dvÛ, BZ¨vKvi hveZxq Znwe‡ji UvKv cqmv I gvjvgvj wbw`©ó Lv‡ZB e¨q n‡e
Dnv Ab¨ Kv‡iv Rb¨ nvjvj bq|Ó
kvn& m~dx nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avngv` (in.) Gi
we‡kl AwQqZ evYxAvgvi AvIjv`, Ljxdv, †gvqvj­xg, gyix` I †gvZvwK` Avcbviv mK‡jB Avgvi giûg
cxi †Kejv (int)- Gi gQjK Abymv‡i Pwj‡eb, whwb MvdjwZi Rb¨ †h cwigvY D³
gQjK nB‡Z `~‡i _vwK‡eb, ZixKvq Zvnvi †mB cwigvY †bvK&mvb _vwK‡e| Avi
G Õ†ZKv`vb whwb GB ZixKvi †Ljvd Pwj‡eb wZwb wb‡Ri Kv‡Ri Rb¨ GB
†Qj‡Qjv nB‡Z wew”Qbœ nBqv cwo‡eb|
Z_¨ : 1bs AwmqZ - gjdzRv‡Z †bQvwiqv- 6 bs c„ôv
Avwg Avcbvw`M‡K Avgvi cxi †gv‡k©` I Qj‡d Qv‡jnx‡bi ZixKv Abyhvqx
†hfv‡e ZvQvId wk¶v w`qvwQ, Avkv Kwi, Avcbviv Z`vbyhvqx AvRxeb ZixKv
gk&K Kwi‡eb Ges †jvKw`M‡K wk¶v w`‡eb| ZixKvq †Kvb cÖKvi †kK©‡e`vqvZ XywK‡Z bv cv‡i, ZrcÖwZ Zx² `„wó ivwL‡eb| Lei`vi! Bnv‡Z †hb †Kvb
cÖKvi ΓwU bv nq|
Z_¨ : 1bs AwmqZ - gjdzRv‡Z †bQvwiqv- 18 bs c„ôv
MÏxbkxb cxi nhiZ gvIjvbv
kvn& Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int)
1952 m‡b KzZ&eyj Avjg nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Gi
B‡š—Kv‡ji ci gv`ivmv I mswk­ó cÖwZôvb mg~‡ni `vwqZ¡fvi ¯^vfvweKfv‡e
b¨¯— nq Zvi ¯’jvwfwl³ nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) Gi
Dci|
cx‡i giûg nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Gi ¯^cœ-Avkv AvKv•Lv‡K ev¯—
evwqZ Kivi j‡¶¨ A`g¨ Drmvn wb‡q wZwb Svwc‡q co‡jb Kg©‡¶‡Î| Zuvi Kg©
ZrciZv, Av`k© I eyj›` wn¤§‡Zi d‡j QviQxbv gv`ivmvi DbœwZi be Aa¨vq ïi“ nq|
w`b w`b e`‡j †h‡Z jvMj Gi †Pnviv| evsjvi ÒAvj-AvhnviÓ wn‡m‡e we‡k¦ cwiwPZ
G wk¶v wb‡KZb Ges QviQxbv `ievi kixd mvRvb †MvQvb mvwi-mvwi
AÆvwjKv wewkó GK ¶z‡` kn‡i cwiYZ n‡Z jvMj|
kvn& m~dx nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Gi wbwg©Z ¯^í cwimi GKZjv
gmwR` †f‡½ †gvRv‡Ï‡` Rvgvb kvn& m~dx nhiZ gvIjvbv Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§`
Qv‡jn (int) 1958Bs m‡b 64©x94© dzU AvqZb wewkó m¤cÖmvwiZ wØZj
gmwR` wbg©vY K‡ib|
†RqviZKvix‡`i myweav‡_© nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§`
Qv‡jn (int) 1958Bs m‡b 66x30 dzU AvqZb wewkó gvRvi †RqviZ Mvn wbg©vY
K‡ib |
UvB‡Uj Rvgv‡Z QvÎ msL¨v e„w×cÖvß nIqvq †kªYxK‡¶ Avmb msL¨v msKzj‡bi
wbwgË gvRvi kix‡di cwðgcv‡k¦© 1960Bs m‡b 104x27 dzU AvqZb wewkó bZzb
`vi“j nv`xm wØZj feb wbg©vY ïi“ K‡i 1961Bs m‡b Dnvi wbg©vY KvR mgvß
K‡ib|
1961Bs m‡bi N~wY©S‡o wUb‡kW †evwW©s¸‡jv weaŸ¯— nIqvi ci nhiZ
gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) ¯’vqx cvKv feb wbg©v‡Y
g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| gv`ivmvi Dbœq‡b evav m„wóKvix we‡kl gnj me mgqB Zv‡`i
AcKg© Pvwj‡q ûRy‡ii Kv‡R evav m„wó Kivi cÖqvm †cZ| N~wY©S‡o
weaŸ¯— Ni¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i miKv‡ii wbKU Avw_©K mvnv‡h¨i Av‡e`b Rvbv‡j
†Kvb ¶q¶wZ nqwb e‡j wg‡_¨ Awf‡hvM `v‡qi Ki‡j ûRyi †Kejv weaŸ¯— Ni¸‡jvi
Qwe cÖ`k©b K‡i Zv‡K Av‡e`‡bi mZ¨Zv cÖgvY Ki‡Z nq| hv †nvK ûRyi †Kejv
bZzb bZzb BgviZ wbg©vY Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| Zvi Avg‡j †`o nvRvi QvÎ _vKv LvIqv
wd« †c‡q KyiAvb nv`x‡mi Ávb Avni‡Y e¨¯— wQj| nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& Avey
RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) Gi Avg‡jB ga¨vý m~h©‡jv‡Ki gZ Qwo‡q coj Gi
mybvg myL¨vwZ| ïay evsjv‡`‡kB bq, mgMÖ Rvnv‡bi me©Î we¯—…Z nj Gi
cwiwPwZ| gvÎ K‡qK GK‡ii g‡a¨ mxgve× wQj †h cÖwZôvb Zv nhiZ kvn& m~dx
Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) Gi cÖ‡Póvq AvR GK eM© wK‡jvwgUv‡ii Ici
we¯—…Z n‡q‡Q Zvi cwiwa| †Svc R½j-Rjvf~wg †WªRvi w`‡q b`x †K‡U fivU
K‡i ˆZix Ki‡jb gvnwd‡ji Rb¨ GK mywekvj mgZj gvV| †kqvj I eb¨ cïi AvÇvLvbvq
AvR Avj­vn ivm~‡ji j¶ j¶ Av‡kKvb‡`i gvnwdj e‡m| Avj­vn, Avj­vn wRwK‡ii ¸i“
M¤¢xi aŸwb‡Z Pviw`K Av‡jvwoZ gyLwiZ n‡q I‡V|
gv`ivmvi evwl©K gvnwd‡j nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Gi
Avg‡ji gvnwd‡ji c¨v‡Û‡ji 8 ¸Y eo c¨v‡Ûj evav nZ nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey
RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) Gi Avg‡j|
QvÎvev‡mi ¯^í cwimi wU‡bi Ni¸‡jvi ¯’‡j †kvfv †c‡Z jvMj †k¦Z aej cÖvmv‡`vcg
AÆvwjKvivwR| KzZ&eyj Avjg kvn& m~dx nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int)
Gi cyivZb `vi“j nv`xm feb msjMœ cwðg cv‡k¦© nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey
RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) 1963-64Bs m‡b 160x29 dzU AvqZb wewkó wØZj
AvBDe nj wbg©vY K‡ib, hv eZ©gv‡b LvRv gyCbyÏxb wPkZx nj bv‡g cwiwPZ|
cÖwZôv‡bi ˆ`bw›`b Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve-wbKvk wjwce× Kivi wbwgË 1965Bs m‡b
104x23 dzU AvqZb wewkó K¨vwkqvi Awd‡mi wØZj feb wbg©vY K‡ib |
†evwW©s Gi QvÎ msL¨v e„w×cÖvß nIqvq AvevwmK mgm¨v mgvavbK‡í 1966Bs
m‡b 228x29 dzU AvqZb wewkó wØZj †gvbv‡qg nj wbg©vY K‡ib, hv eZ©gv‡b
†gvRv‡Ï‡` Avj‡dmvbx nj bv‡g cwiwPZ|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) we‡kl Kvi‡Y nhiZ
gvIt †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Gi LvbKv (KzZzeLvbv) wbR †ndvR‡Z h_v¯’v‡b †i‡L
we¯—…Z gv‡Vi DËi cv‡k¦© 1966 Bs m‡b 79x52 dzU AvqZb wewkó wØZj bZzb
LvbKvn (KzZyeLvbv feb) wbg©vY K‡ib |
kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) `~i`yivš— †_‡K AvMgbKvix
ZixKZcš’x †jv‡Ki Rb¨ gymvwdiLvbv wbg©vY K‡ib, hv‡Z Zviv mn‡R ZixK‡Zi
wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡Z my‡hvM cvq|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) `vi“m&mybœvZ
Rv‡gqv Bmjvwgqv cÖwZôvi cwiKíbv wb‡q 1966Bs m‡b 330 dyU ˆ`N© 36 dzU
cÖ¯’ wewkó 4 Zjv c­v‡bi weivU AÆvwjKvi KvR ïi“ K‡i wØZ‡ji KvR m¤úbœ
K‡i 1990Bs m‡b 3q Zjvi KvR mgvwßi c‡_ †i‡L †M‡Qb|
kvn m~dx Avey RvÕdi gynv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) Zvi wcZvi Kvh©µg AbymiY K‡i e¯¿
eqb wkí, †mjvB wkí I UvBc ivBwUs wk¶v †`qvi Rb¨ GKwU †UKwbK¨vj
Bbw÷wUDU Pvjy Kivi j‡¶¨ 1968 m‡b GKwU ZvZ Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb|
nhiZ kvn m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) 1970Bs m‡b wbg©vY K‡ib
71x27 dzU AvqZb wewkó `ievi kix‡di †gngvbLvbvi wØZj feb|
gv`ivmv K¨v¤úv‡m wØZj WvKevs‡jv 1976Bs m‡b nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx
Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int)-Gi Avg‡j wbwg©Z nq|
gv`ivmv I Qv·`i Ges cÖvwZôvwbK A_© msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ gv`ivmv K¨v¤úv‡m
1977Bs m‡b c~evjx e¨vs‡Ki kvLv †Lvjvi e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Qb kvn Avey RvÕdi
†gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (in.)| gv`ivmv, wjj­vn †evwW©s I `ievi mswk­ó mKj cÖwZôv‡bi
UvKv cqmv msi¶Y I †jb‡`b m¤ú~Y© my` gy³|
kvn& m~dx nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Gi mgq wbwg©Z gv`ivmv
wewìs Gi Qv` aŸ‡m covi Dcµg n‡j giûg cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv kvn m~dx Avey RvÕdi
†gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) †ndRLvbv wVK †i‡L, c~e© ¯’vcZ¨‰kjx eRvq †i‡L 1979Bs
m‡b wØZj gv`ivmv feb cybt wbg©vY K‡ib|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) gvnwd‡ji ¯’vqx g‡Âi
Rb¨ 1979Bs m‡b 123x71 dzU AvqZb wewkó myD”P M¤^yRmn weivU Qv`Iqvjv
mfvg wbg©vY K‡ib|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) AvevwmK Qv·`i
LvIqvi myweav‡_© 1980Bs m‡b 120x39 dzU AvqZb wewkó WvBwbs nj
wbg©vY K‡ib|
nhiZ cxi Qv‡ne †Kejvi wk¶v we¯—v‡i Zvi Amvgvb¨ Ae`v‡bi ¯^xK…wZ ¯^iƒc
1980Bs m‡b evsjv‡`k miKvi Zv‡K wk¶vbyivMx wnmv‡e RvZxq cyi¯‹vi †µ÷,
¯^Y©c`K I bM` wek nvRvi UvKv cÖ`vb K‡ib| D³ UvKv wZwb gv`ivmvi
KzZzeLvbvi †KZvevw` µ‡qi I †KZve ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Avjgvix µ‡qi
wbwgË `vb K‡ib Ges ¯^Y©c`K †mvbvi †g‡Wj LvbvI gv`ivmvq `vb K‡i †`b|
†evwWs Gi Qv·`i Lvev‡ii gvjvgvj I AvmevecÎ msi¶Y Gi Rb¨ nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn
m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) 1981Bs m‡b 62x29 dzU AvqZb wewkó
†MvWvDb wewìs wbg©vY K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z D³ fe‡bi Dc‡i wbg©vY K‡ib cÖv³b
Qv·`i Rb¨ †gvnv‡”Qjx‡b `vi“m&mybœvZ|
†evwW©s Gi QvÎ msL¨v µgvš^q e„w×cÖvß nIqvq nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx
Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) 1982Bs m‡b 166x29 dzU AvqZb wewkó wØZj
†bQvi nj wbg©vY K‡ib|
kvn& m~dx nhiZ gvIjvbv Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) 1985Bs m‡b 33x22
dzU AvqZb wewkó kvn& m~dx nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Gi LvbKvn
(KzZzeLvbv) cybt wbg©vY K‡ib|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) 1986Bs m‡b wbg©vY
K‡ib 85x29 dzU AvqZb wewkó CQv‡j mIqv‡ei gvjvgvj msi¶‡Yi wØZj feb|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int)-Gi Avg‡j 1986Bs
m‡b 63x28 dzU AvqZb wewkó KwgDwbwU ¯‹zj cÖK‡íi wUb‡kW febwU
wbwg©Z nq |
b`x we‡aŠZ bvwi‡Kj we_x mycvix evMvb cwi‡ewóZ Qvqv XvKv, cvwL WvKv
bxie wbf„Z cj­xi kvš— mgvwnZ cwi‡e‡k myig¨ AÆvwjKv my‡kvwfZ Bmjvgx
wk¶v †K›`ª QviQxbv `vi“”QzbœvZ Avwjqv gv`ivmv| Kg©exi nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn&
m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn Qv‡ne (int) Gi cwiPvjbvq DbœwZi †mvcvb
†e‡q GwM‡q PjwQj mvg‡b Av‡iv mvg‡b|
BwZc~‡e© QviQxbv gv`ivmvi Kvwgj RvgvAv‡Z ïay nv`xm wefvM wQj|
†mLv‡b nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) wdKvn I
Zvdmxi wefvM †Lv‡jb| eZ©gvb cxi Avjnv¾ nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& †gvnv¤§`
†gv‡neŸyj­vn Qv‡ne Kvwgj RvgvAv‡Z Av`e wefvMI Pvjy K‡i‡Qb| giûg ûRyi
†Kejv hy‡Mvc‡hvMx wk¶v e¨e¯’v Pvjy Kivi wbwgË weÁvb wefvMI Pvjy K‡ib|
cÖwZôv K‡ib AvaywbK j¨ve‡iUix, Ly‡j‡Qb KvwiMwi wefvM| Qv·`i‡K K…wl
wk¶v, evwYR¨ BZ¨vw` welq nv‡Z Kj‡g †Uªwbs †`qvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| GK mgq
wZwb Kv‡c©U I ZvZwkíI ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb|
Aa¨emvqx, AvZ¥wbf©ikxj, mgvR †Kw›`ªK GK`j `xwb †gvnv‡°K Av‡jg Movi
cwiKíbv wb‡q Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q QviQxbv gv`ivmvi AMÖhvÎv| nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn&
m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int)-Gi eqm mËi †cwi‡q hvevi ciI Zuvi wecyj
K‡g©v`¨g, Ac~e© Aa¨emvq †`‡L g‡b nZ †hb Adziš— cÖvYkw³i AwaKvix GK
Zi“Y Kg©exi| kªvwš— †bB, K¬vwš— †bB, KvR Avi KvR| Kv‡RB Zvi Avb›`,
KvRB Zuvi cÖvY| wK Dcvq G cÖwZôv‡bi DbœwZ Kiv hvq GB wQj Zuvi Kvgbv
I cÖ‡Póv|
cÖm½µ‡g D‡j­L Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, QviQxbv gv`ivmvi G DbœwZi avivevwnKZvhvi Rb¨ nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) wbR
Rxeb‡K DrmM© K‡i †M‡Qb Zv evavgy³ nqwb| Zv‡K msKUvKxY© wec` msKzj
AKzmygv¯—xY© eû c_ cvwo w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ `xb`vix, ZvKIqv, GLjvm,
Avj­vn-fxwZ hvi m¤^j †KD Zuv‡K `gv‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB Zuvi AMÖhvÎv
AcÖwZnZ MwZ‡Z GwM‡q PjwQj|
QvÎvev‡m ¯’vb m¼zjv‡bi Rb¨ nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§`
Qv‡jn (int) BD c¨vUv©‡bi 110x27 dzU AvqZb wewkó 7wU QqZjv feb
wbg©v‡Yi cwiKíbv wb‡q c­vb Bwó‡gU K‡i hvb| ZrKvjxb mgq D³ c­vb ev¯—
evwqZ Ki‡Z cÖv°wjZ A_© `uvovq 7,32,77,500 UvKv| GK nvRvi Qv‡Îi
AvevwmK e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Zvi GB cwiKíbv wQj| wKš‘ wZwb Dnv ev¯—
evq‡bi mgq cvbwb|
D‡j­L¨ †h, 1987Bs m‡b A‡bK¸‡jv cvBwjs K‡i D³ Kv‡Ri D‡Øvab K‡i hvb|
GZ †Mj nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int)-Gi QviQxbv
gv`ivmvi Dbœq‡bi Kg©ZrciZvi GKwU msw¶ß †jLwPÎ| wKš‘ Zvi Ges QviQxbv
`iev‡ii wekvj Kg© cwiwai Av‡jvPbv AÎ cÖe‡Üi ¯^í cwim‡i †`qv m¤¢e bq|
gyRvwχ` Rvgvb nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int)
mvaviYfv‡e mgv‡R gvby‡l cxi ej‡Z hv ey‡S _v‡Kb Zv †_‡K wQ‡jb m¤ú~Y©
wfbœ cÖK…wZi| e„nËi RbmgvR †_‡K wew”Qbœ ïaygvÎ †`vqv-Kvjvg, Svo-duzK
BZ¨vw` wb‡q e¨¯— LvbKvi Pvi †`qv‡j Ave× bxie mva‡Ki f~wgKv Zvi wQj bv|
mvnvev‡q †Kivg, mj‡dmv‡jnx‡bi msMÖvgx Av`‡k©i Abymvix wQ‡jb wZwb|
GK w`‡K †hgb wQ‡jb †kªôZg †bZv, †kªôZg ms¯‹viK Aciw`‡K wZwb wQ‡jb
†kªôZg m~dx, Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡Zi †cÖwm‡W›U| nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn m~dx
†bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int) Gi cÖwZwôZ AivR‰bwZK Bmjvgx msMV‡bi Avgx‡ii
`vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi gva¨‡g mgvR ms¯‹vimn Bmjv‡gi ¯^v‡_© gymjgvb‡`i wewfbœ
`vex `vIqv miKv‡ii wbKU †_‡K wZwb hv Av`vq Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb, Zv Ab¨
†Kvb Bmjvgx `‡ji c‡¶ Kiv m¤¢e nqwb|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) †Kvb `jxq ivRbxwZ
Ki‡Zb bv| wKš‘ Zuvi weivU e¨w³‡Z¡i Ggb AvKl©Y wQj †h, g¨vM‡bU †hgb †jŠn
kjvKv‡K wb‡Ri w`‡K †U‡b †bq, †Zgwb ûRy‡ii AvKl©‡Y Zuvi mvnPh© jv‡fi
Avkvq QviQxbvq Qz‡U Avm‡Zb iv‡óªi m‡e©v”P ch©v‡qi cÖkvmKe„›`|
cvwK¯—v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U wdì gvk©vj †gvnv¤§` AvBDe Lvb, c~e© cvwK¯—
v‡bi Mfb©i †gvbv‡qg Lvb hLb ARcvov Muv QviQxbvq Av‡mb ZLb †mLv‡b
†Kvb Mvox Avmvi e¨e¯’v wQj bv, Pvjy nqwb ZL‡bv iv¯—vq evm PjvP‡ji| Ggb
RvqMvq Zv‡`i AvMg‡bi bRxi Avi wØZxqwU †bB| mv‡eK cvwK¯—v‡bi
wmwbqi gš¿xMYmn †`k we‡`k †_‡K Ab¨ hviv G‡m‡Qb Zv‡`i KZ‡Ki bvg
wb‡gœ D‡j­L Kiv nj- (1) cvwK¯—v‡bi MYcwil‡`i mv‡eK ¯úxKvi Avt Inve Lvb
(2) cvwK¯—v‡bi †`ej kix‡di cxi Qv‡ne gvIt Avt gwR`, (3) wjweqvi ivóª`~Z Avjx
†nvmvBb Avj-Mv`vgQx, (4) mv‡eK A_©gš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avng`, (5) evsjv‡`‡ki
mv‡eK †cÖwm‡W›U wRqvDi ingvb, (6) mv‡eK †cÖwm‡W›U wePvicwZ
Ave`ym mvËvi, (7) mv‡eK †cÖwm‡W›U ûmvBb †gvnv¤§` Gikv`, (8) gvIjvbv
Avãyi iwk` ZK©evMxk, (9) cÖavbgš¿x kvn& AvRxRyi ingvb, (10) mv‡eK ag©,
ÎvY I cybe©vmb gš¿x Gg.G.gvbœvb, (11) mv‡eK †hvMv‡hvM gš¿x Av‡bvqvi
†nv‡mb gÄymn AmsL¨ ivóªxq ch©v‡qi DaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v Ges we‡`kx
KzU‰bwZK wgk‡bi Kg©KZ©vMYmn ga¨cÖv‡P¨i GKvwaK †gngvb QviQxbvq
AvMgb K‡i‡Qb ûRyi †Kejvi wKQy¶Y mvwbœa¨ cvevi cÖZ¨vkvq| Avi G
my‡hv‡MB ûRyi †Kejv wgwjUvix, B.wc.Avi. (eZ©gvb we.wR.we.), cywjk,
Avbmvi‡`i BDwbdg© nvd c¨v‡›Ui cwie‡Z© dzj c¨v›U cvk Kiv‡Z m¶g nb|
gmwR‡`i cvwb, we`y¨r wej †gŠKzd, Gm.Gm.wm ch©š— BmjvwgqvZ
eva¨ZvgyjK welq Aš—f©yw³ BZ¨vKvi eûwea `vwe-`vIqv wZwb Av`vq Ki‡Z m¶g
nb| ïµevi mvßvwnK QzwU, †iWµm‡K †iWwµ‡m›U bvgKiY, Bmjvgx
wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôv, ¯^Zš¿ gv`ivmv wk¶v‡evW© cÖwZôv, gv`ivmvi cvV¨µ‡gi
cwieZ©b ûRyi †KejviB Ae`vb| Gwdwj‡qwUs ¶gZv m¤úbœ GKwU Bmjvgx
Aviex wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôv Kivi Rb¨ wZwb msMÖvg K‡i †M‡Qb| ¯‹zj K‡j‡Ri
mggv‡b gv`ivmvi wk¶K‡`i †eZb †¯‹j cÖeZ©b ZuviB MwVZ RwgqvZzj
†gv`v‡i©mx‡bi Ae`vb| cÖmsMZ D‡j­L¨ †h, eZ©gv‡b mviv evsjvq †h Ge‡Z`vqx
gv`ivmv¸‡jv cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q Dnv cÖwZôv I cÖPj‡bi e¨e¯’vI giûg ûRyi †Kejvi
Ae`vb|
†n`vqvZx Kv‡R md‡i wZwb Dévi †e‡M †UKbvd †_‡K †ZZzwjqv ch©š— mdi
K‡i eQ‡ii AwaKvsk mgq KvwU‡q w`‡Zb| †Kvb †Kvb mgq Mvwo‡Z †Kvb †Kvb
mgq b`xc‡_ jÂ/†evU †hv‡M wZwb Zvi mdi Ki‡Zb|
c~‡e©B D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx †bQvi“Ïxb Avng` (int)
Ges nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§v` Qv‡jn Qv‡ne (int) Gi
Ae`v‡b †MvUv evsjvq QviQxbv `iev‡ii cÖ‡Póvq cÖvq mv‡o Pvi nvRv‡ii E‡aŸ©
Avwjqv gv`ivmv QvovI A‡bK g³e, gmwR`, LvbKvn cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| A‡bK
¯‹zj K‡j‡Ri wfwË wbR nv‡Z K‡i‡Qb| evsjvi wewfbœ A‡j cÖwZwôZ Bmjvgx
wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi bv‡gi mv‡_ †bQvwiqv/Qv‡jnxqv mshyw³B Dnvi ev¯—e
cÖgvY|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) Gi cÖ‡Póvq eû Bmjvgx
MÖÖš’ evsjv fvlvq Abyw`Z, iwPZ I cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| eû wkw¶Z gyix` I LwjdvMY‡K wZwb evsjv fvlvq MÖš’ iPbv I cÖKvk
Kivi Rb¨ DØy× K‡ib, hvi d‡j kZ kZ MÖÖš’ iwPZ I cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q QviQxbv
`ievi I Gi mswk­ó e¨w³e‡M©i cÖ‡Póvq I cÖh‡Zœ|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int)-Gi ZË¡veav‡b
cvw¶K ZvejxM cwÎKv wbqwgZ cÖKvwkZ n‡jI lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †kl w`‡K
ÔGkvqvZÕ bv‡g GKwU mvßvwnK cwÎKvI †ei K‡ib| cwÎKvwU RbwcÖqZv jvf
Ki‡jI ˆelwqK Kvi‡Y cieZx©‡Z Dnvi cÖKvkbv eÜ n‡q hvq| wZwb GKwU ˆ`wbK
cwÎKvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe Kivq RwgqvZzj †gv`v‡i©mx‡bi mfvcwZ nhiZ
gvIjvbv Gg.G.gvbœvb Qv‡ne‡K DØy× K‡i ˆ`wbK BbwKjve cwÎKv †ei Kivi
e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) QviQxbv `ievi I Zvi
gv`ivmvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ eûwea cwiKíbv K‡i Dnv ev¯—evq‡bi c`‡¶c wb‡q‡Qb,
BnvB Zvi Kg© mvabvi mvwe©K w`K bq| gvbe `i`x kvn& Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§`
Qv‡jn (int) gvbe `i‡`i ewntcÖKvk N‡U AvZ©cxwoZ eb¨v KewjZ `y`©kvMÖ¯—
gvby‡li †L`g‡Zi gva¨‡g| cweÎ Igivn n¾ Av`vq K‡i XvKvq wd‡i †`‡k cÖjqsKvix
eb¨vi Lei †c‡q evox bv wd‡i XvKvq e‡mB ÎvY mvgMÖx msMÖn K‡i `yt¯’‡`i
gv‡S wewj‡q †`qvi Rb¨ Dc`ª“Z A‡j SwUKv †e‡M mdi K‡ib| wbR nv‡Z ÎvY
mvgMÖx weZiY K‡ib| ivbœv Kiv LveviI cwi‡ekb K‡ib| Ggwbfv‡e Zvi Rb‡mevi
AMwbZ D`vniY i‡q‡Q| ïay wb‡R bq Zvi f³ gyix`vb I Avcvgi RbmvaviY‡K eb¨v
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Avwjqv gv`ivmvi cvV¨µ‡g ˆelwqK wel‡qi cÖvavb¨ †`qvi †cÖ¶vc‡U LuvwU
Av‡jg, bv‡q‡e ivm~j m„wó Kivi gvb‡m 1985 mv‡j nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx
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cÖv_wgK I †gŠwjK iƒc bgybvq Kv‡`gx †bQv‡e (`xwbqv) gv`ivmv cÖwZôv I
cwiPvjbv K‡i †M‡Qb| KviY KzZ&eyj Avjg kvn& m~dx nhiZ gvIjvbv †bQvi“Ïxb
Avng` (int) †h j¶¨ D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q gv`ivmv cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb †m j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨
eZ©gvb Avwjqv gv`ivmv Øviv mvwaZ n‡”Q bv| ZvB LvuwU bv‡q‡e bex ˆZwi
Kivi wbwgË wZwb `xwbqv gv`ivmv cÖwZôv K‡i †M‡Qb| Zuvi RxeÏkvq D³
gv`ivmvq Rvgv‡Z nvdZg (8g) ch©š— Pvjy n‡qwQj|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) Gi wekvj Kg©cwiwa
Rvb‡Z n‡j cvVK‡`i‡K Aby‡iva Kie Wt Avãyi ikx` Ges Aa¨¶ †gvt BmgvCj
†nv‡mb weiwPZ Zvi Rxebx MÖÖš’ `yÕLvbv cvV Ki‡Z|
†`‡ki †KvwU †KvwU gymjgv‡bi Ava¨vwZ¥K gywk©` gnvb mgvR ms¯‹viK,
QviQxbvi AivR‰bwZK Bmjvgx msMV‡bi I Rwgqv‡Z Djvgvi Avgxi, evsjv‡`k
RwgqvZzj †gv`v‡i©mx‡bi cÖavb c„ô‡cvlK I Dc‡`óv cxi Qv‡ne †Kejv gyRvwχ`
Rvgvb nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int) 1990Bs m‡bi
13B †deª“qvwi we‡Kj 5 NwUKvi mgq XvKvi mw¤§wjZ mvgwiK nvmcvZv‡j
wRwKiiZ Ae¯’vq B‡š—Kvj K‡ib| (Bbœvwjj­vwn ABbœv BjvB‡n ivwRDb)|
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& m~dx Avey RvÕdi †gvnv¤§` Qv‡jn (int)-Gi B‡š—Kv‡j
mviv‡`‡k †h †kvKven Ae¯’vi m„wó n‡qwQj Zvi we¯—vwiZ weeiY ˆ`wbK
cwÎKvmg~‡n cÖKvwkZ nq| XvKvi RvZxq C`Mvn gq`v‡b Zvi cÖ_g Rvbvhv
AbywôZ nq| †cÖwm‡W›U ûmvBb †gvnv¤§` Gikv`, fvBm †cªwm‡W›U gI`y`
Avng`, cÖavbgš¿x KvRx RvÕdi Avng` I gš¿x cwil‡`i m`m¨MY, mv‡eK ÎvY I
cybe©vmb gš¿x RgBqvZzj gy`v‡i©mx‡bi mfvcwZ gvIjvbv Gg.G.gvbœvb,
†mbvevwnbx cÖavb †jt †Rbv‡ij AvwZKzi ingvb I gymwjg †`k mg~‡ni
KyU‰bwZK wgk‡bi cÖavbMY G bvgv‡R RvbvRvq kixK nb| XvKvi RvbvRv
†k‡l cxi Qv‡ne †Kejvi Kwdb †gveviK QviQxbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †nwjKÞv‡i DVv‡bv nq|
†cÖwm‡W›U Gikv` mv‡ne we‡kl Kvi‡Y QviQxbvq Zvkixd wb‡Z bv †c‡i Zvi
cÖwZwbwa c~Z©gš¿x †gv¯—dv Rvgvj nvq`vi I e¯¿gš¿x iƒûj Avgxb nvIjv`vi‡K
Kdxb †gvevi‡Ki mv‡_ QviQxbv cvVvb| mv‡eK ÎvY I cybe©vmb gš¿x gvIjvbv
Gg.G.gvbœvb Qv‡neI mv‡_ wQ‡jb|
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gv`ivmv I `ievimn †Qj‡Qjvi mKj Kvh©µ‡gi nvj a‡ib giûg ûRyi †Kejvi ¯’jvwfwl³
nhiZ gvIjvbv kvn& †gvnv¤§` †gv‡neŸyj­vn Qv‡ne (gv. wR. Av.)|
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