From: Kinematic Strategies for Hyoid Movement in Rapid Sequential Swallowing
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002;45(3):457-468. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036)
Legend:
Transducer holder assembly (panel a), sample midsagittal ultrasound image illustrating anatomical landmarks and 2D displacement tracking
references (panel b), and selected frames of a swallow (panels c to h). In panel b, counterclockwise from lower right, the arrows indicate the
floor-of-mouth (FOM) muscle complex, front of tongue, a water bolus resting on the anterior tongue surface, mid-tongue surface, back of tongue,
and the hyoid bone shadow. The white dot is at the point of intersection between the hyoid shadow and the FOM muscles; this point has a set of
X and Y coordinates. Coordinates for the four corners
of the©scan,
clockwise
from upper left where X and Y are both zero, are shown in pixel
Copyright
American
Speech-Languagevalues
with
the
corresponding
centimeters
in
parentheses.
Panels
c
to
h
illustrate
Date of download: 7/28/2017
Hearing Association swallow-related dynamic positional changes of the hyoid-FOM
intersections. Systematic tracking of the changing sets of X and Y coordinates (white dots) over time permitted calculations of distances and, in