Water safety planning
Assessment and management strategies to reduce risks of
contamination and insufficient supply of drinking water
Water use efficiency
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Part of WSSD target for 2005
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Strategic planning to maximize
the economic and social welfare
derived from water
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Supply vs. demand – is it more
cost-effective to invest in
increased supply or to encourage
decreased demand?
Water supply has a cost – how to
make sure that you make sure
that you get the most out of what
you pay
Water use efficiency
Technical efficiency
• User efficiency (behavioral change though
incentives or sanctions - “demand management”)
• Water recycling and reuse
• Supply efficiency
Allocative efficiency
• Strategic allocation of water to most cost-effective
use
• Balancing social, environmental and economic
demand
• Cost-benefit analysis
Water use efficiency planning
Reducing vulnerability and mitigating conflict by planning to meet current and
changing demands in a cost-effective manner
Example of plan contents:
1. Description of service area and demographics /water supply sources and
vulnerability
2. Water transfers/exchanges
3. Existing and projected water use
4. Water efficiency goals (goals and opportunities for increasing water-use
efficiency)
5. Evaluation of alternative demand management measures - based on:
 Existing measures and potential to “step up”
 Economic, environmental, social, health, customer impact and
technological factors
 Cost-benefit analysis
 Funding available for implementation (raised tariffs tolerated?)
 The water supplier's legal authority to implement the measures
6. Detailed water shortage contingency analysis and drought/emergency action
plan (including implementing legislation)
7. Recommended long-term efficiency plan
8. Implementation plan