American Evolution
1830-1850
A Study of Reform Movements
and the Growth of the
United States
Immigration
Push Factors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Political Persecution
No Social Mobility
No religious Freedom
No Job Opportunities
War/Refugees
Famine/No Food
No Education
No Chance to Own Land
No Family
Pull Factors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Political Freedom
Social Mobility
Religious Freedom
Jobs
No Wars/Military
Service
Food…”Land oF PLenty”
Public Education
Abundant Land out West
FamiLy SendS “american
LetterS”
Irish Immigrants




1. came during the 1830’S and
40’S becauSe oF the “great
Potato Famine”
2. Immigrated to the Cities:
New York, Boston,
Philadelphia, because too
poor to move west.
3. Hated because of low
work skills, Poor Education,
and Roman Catholic Faith.
4. Worked on Railroads,
Canals, and in Houses and
competed with free African
Americans for Jobs
Helping the Irish
The Ancient Order
of Hibernians:
1.
2.





A Semisecret Society
Originally Founded in
Ireland
Helped Provide:
Food
Job Training
Education
Childcare
Housing
The Germans
1.
2.
3.
4.
Arrive in the US between
1830-60
Immigrate to the MidWest, West and begin
farming.
Support liberal ideas
such as Abolition and
Early Childhood Ed.
(Kindergarten)
Introduce: Pretzel,
Bratwurst, Strudel,
Beer, & Christmas Tree
Nativism
1.
2.
3.
Native Born Americans
who opposed new
immigrants were called
“Nativists”
Nativists believed There
was a vast Catholic
Conspiracy by the Pope
to take over the U.S.
Formed the “order oF the
Star SPangLed banner”
to fight Immigration.
NINA
1.
2.
To Prevent the
Irish from
gaining Social
Mobility, Many
Nativists would
place NINA signs
in their Shop
Windows.
Songs (on the
right) would be
distributed and
sung at Nativist
Rallies.
Know Nothing
Party
1.
2.
•
•
•
After 1.8 million
Catholic
Immigrants
arrive, Nativists
Form the “Know
nothing Party”
The Party
Platform
Promoted:
Anti Immigration
laws
Attacks on Nuns,
Priests, Churches
Supporters say,
“i Know nothing”
“Putting-out SyStem”
1.
2.
3.
Before
Industrialization,
manufacturing was
“home baSed”.
Local merchants
provided raw materials
to households to be
turned into
manufactured goods.
With Canals &
Railroads, Sales of
Goods skyrocket, and
need for more efficient
methods grows.
The Slater Mills
1.
2.
3.
Samuel Slater brought
industrial secrets from
engLand in the 1780’S.
By 1790, Slater opened
the Slater Mills in
PAwtucket, Rhode
Island.
The factory produced
Cotton yarn, that was
then sent to local
households to be turned
into clothing.
Francis Cabot Lowell
1.
2.
3.
4.
Worked as spy in English
Textile Mills,
memorizing how the
hydro-powered looms
were constructed.
Created the Lowell
Mills in 1814
First businessman to
consolidate all stages
of production, including
housing labor.
Follows the Waltham
System
The Lowell Girls
1.
2.
3.





Young women 9-18
recruited from local
farms
Paid $14-18 a month
the “miLL girLS” muSt:
Follow Curfew
Attend Church
Not Date
Live in the Dorms
attached to the
Factory
Eventually Strike for
higher wages/Rights
The Lowell Mills in Operation
Eli Whitney
1.
Best known for two Major
Developments:
A.
Interchangeable Parts:
Developed originally
for the Fed. Government
for the mass production
of rifles.

The Cotton Gin
Removes seeds from Cotton Fibers and
prolongs the institution of Slavery
Cyrus McCormick
1.
2.
3.
Builds the first
mechanical reaper
Markets invention to
farmers in the mid-west
and west by 1850
Helps in the boom of
wheat production prior
too, and following the
Civil War
Isaac Singer
1.
2.
3.
Improved the sewing
machine invented by
Elias Howe in 1846
Becomes the foundation
oF the “ready made”
clothing industry.
one oF the “muSt have”
items of every American
Home.
Samuel F. B. Morse
1.
2.
3.
4.
Invents the Telegraph,
originally to help the
hard of hearing in 1844
Uses a set of dots and
dashes to send magnetic
pulses through copper
wire. (Morse Code)
Sends information
across great distances.
Is the founder of the
Information Age.
Peter cooPer’S tom thumb
1.
2.
Steam Locomotive invented in 1830
Revolutionizes travel, and carries
cargo/people 13 miles to Baltimore,
travelling at 10mph.