Language Arts Final Exam Review
What is a noun?
A noun is a
person, place,
thing or idea
Examples of Nouns
Person
student
boy
child
girl
Place
house
school
park
mall
Thing
phone
chair
lunch
backpack
Idea
beauty
love
justice
What is the difference between
common and proper nouns?
A common noun is any
person, place, thing, or idea.
It is not capitalized.
A proper noun is a particular
person, place, thing or idea.
It is capitalized.
Examples of common nouns
beach, team, teacher
Examples of proper nouns
Jones Beach, Vikings,
Ms. Dolan
Seaford Middle School is a great school.
(Seaford Middle School = proper noun)
(school = common noun)
Summer is the best season.
(Summer & season= common nouns)
Rules for Plurals
Rule #1
Most nouns add S
Examples:
• boy – boys
• house – houses
• shirt - shirts
Rule #2
Add es in words
ending in s, z, x, sh,ch
Examples:
• fox –foxes
• bush – bushes
• watch – watches
• couch - couches
Rules for Plurals
Rule #4
Rule # 3
Add S to words ending Change Y to i and add es
to words ending in y with
in a y with a vowel
a consonant before it
before it
Examples:
• key – keys
• bay – bays
• boy - boys
Examples:
• party – parties
• penny – pennies
• baby – babies
• lady - ladies
Rules for Plurals
Rule #5
Add es for words that
end with a consonant
and an o
Rule # 6
Add s to words that end
with a vowel and an o
Examples:
Examples:
• radio – radios
• hero – heroes
• potato – potatoes • patio – patios
• tomato - tomatoes • stereo - stereos
Rules for Plurals
Rule # 8
Rule #7
Some nouns stay the Some nouns change their
vowels
same
Examples:
• deer – deer
• sheep – sheep
• fish – fish
• moose - moose
Examples:
• foot – feet
• mouse – mice
• tooth – teeth
• goose - geese
Rules for Plurals
Rule #9
Change f to v for words
that end in f or fe
Examples:
• wife – wives
• life – lives
• leaf – leaves
• wolf – wolves
• knife - knives
Rules for Plurals
Rule #9
Change f to v for words
that end in f or fe
Examples:
• wife – wives
• life – lives
• leaf – leaves
• wolf – wolves
• knife - knives
Possessive Nouns show ownership or belonging.
Rule for singular possessive nouns:
Add an apostrophe and an S even if it ends in an S
(Examples: Boy’s behavior / Chris’s cookies)
Rules for plural possessive nouns:
1) Words that do not end in an S = add apostrophe and an S
2) Words that end in an S = add an apostrophe
(Examples: children’s classroom / teachers’ faculty room)
What is a Pronoun?
A pronoun
takes the place
of a noun.
Examples of Pronouns
Pronouns that do things: I, you, he, she, we,
it, they
Pronouns that have things done to them: me,
him, her, us, it, them
Pronouns that possess or own something:
our, hers, his, its, my, mine, theirs, yours
Underline the following pronouns.
1. We should be studying each night for the final exams.
2. I would like to visit the pyramids in Egypt.
3. They are going to go with the team to the championship
game.
4. My father is a very generous man.
Verbs
What are Action Verbs?
• Words that express action.
Examples: jump, swim, talk, laugh
What are Linking Verbs?
Verbs that tell us about the state of
being of a noun or pronoun. There is
no action.
Many linking verbs are forms of the
verb, to be: be, being, am, is, are, was,
were
Other common linking verbs: like,
seems, remains, become, grow, stay,
turn, sound, smell, feel, appear, look
Each verb is a link between the word
on either side of it.
He is tall. (He = tall)
We are the winners. (We = winners.)
The sum of two and four is six. (six =
sum)
What are Helping Verbs?
Verbs that help main verbs tell when
the action take place
Examples: be, are, is, was, were,
being, been, do, does, did, have, has,
had, may, must, might, will, can, shall,
could, would, should
Examples of Helping Verbs?
The students were selling ticket two
weeks in advance.
were = helping, selling = action
Speed boats can be used in rescue
operations.
can be = helping, used = action
What is an Adjective?
An adjective is a
word that describes
a noun or pronoun.
Adjective
Examples - hairy, scary,
red, large, big
Adjective
The girl has long, beautiful hair.
(long and beautiful = adjectives)
It describes the hair.
Adjective
Underline the adjectives.
The boy is wearing a large orange sweatshirt.
The family enjoyed the hot delicious soup.
What is an Adverb?
An adverb
modifies a verb,
adverb, or
adjective.
Examples slowly, early,
carefully
Adverb
The car drove carefully down the street.
(carefully = adverb)
It explains how the car drove.
Adverb
Underline the adverbs.
The plane quickly flew across the sky.
The large horse ran swiftly on the
beach.
What is a Preposition?
A preposition
helps show the
relationship of a
noun
 Examples above, over, by,
in, across, under,
to


Common Prepositions: aboard, about,
above, across, after, against, along,
among, around, as, at, before, behind,
below, beneath, beside, between,
beyond, by, down, during, except, for,
from, in, in front of, inside, instead, into,
like, near, next to, of, off, on, out, out of,
outside, over, past, since, through,
throughout, to, toward, under,
underneath, unlike, until, up, up to, upon,
with, within, without
Prepositions
Example: *He jumped over the
mountain.
 The phrase is over the mountain.
 The preposition is over, and its
object is mountain.
 The preposition over shows the
relationship between He and
mountain.

What is a Conjunction?


a word that
connects words
or sentences
Examples: and,
or, but
What is an Interjection?
An interjection is a word that
expresses a strong feeling.
Examples - Wow! Holy Cow!
Ouch!