UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICS
ECONOMICIMPACT
CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearch
WillardJ.WalkerHall545
CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearch
SamM.WaltonCollegeofBusiness
1UniversityofArkansas
Fayetteville,Arkansas72701‐1201
(479)575‐4151
Contacts:KathyDeck,Director
MervinJebaraj,ResearchAssistant
October2012
EXECUTIVESUMMARY
DIRECTECONOMICIMPACT
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The University of Arkansas Athletic Department made expenditures worth $84.7
million during the 2010‐11 academic year. The economic impact of these
expenditureswasestimatedtobe$124.1millionforthestatewideeconomyonan
annualbasis.
Payroll at the Athletic Department was $28.6 million and supported the
employmentof260onafull‐timebasisand982onapart‐timeorhourlybasis.
VISITORECONOMICIMPACT
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During the 2011‐12 academic year, more than 1 million fans attended sporting
events on the University of Arkansas campus. Over the course of 60 game days,
nearly 720,000 people attended baseball, basketball and football games in
Fayettevilleandabout342,000oftheseattendees(47.5percent)werefromoutside
NorthwestArkansas.
Thiseconomicactivityresultedintherentingof35,805hotelormotelroomnights
andthepurchaseofover1millionmealsinNorthwestArkansas.
The overall economic impact of these visitors is estimated at nearly $30 million
dollarsforthe2011‐12season.
o Theaveragebaseballgamegenerated$62,036invisitorspending.
o Theaveragebasketballgamegenerated$137,686invisitorspending.
o Theaveragefootballgamegenerated$4,900,437invisitorspending.
Thesevisitorsgenerated$1.77millioninstatesalestaxesand$0.88millioninlocal
sales taxes for a total of at least $2.66 million dollars for the state and local
governments.
CONSTRUCTIONECONOMICIMPACT

Athletic facilities construction activity on the University of Arkansas campus
between 2002 and 2011 generated 2,024 direct jobs and 3,342 total jobs when
indirect and induced jobs are included. The overall impact of the construction
duringthistimeperiodwas$288.7million.
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Constructionactivityin2012generated340jobsindirectemploymentand561jobs
in overall employment when indirect and induced jobs are added. The overall
economicimpactoftheconstructionactivityoftheAthleticDepartmentisestimated
at $64.5 million. Projected five year athletic facility construction activity, worth
$150 million in 2012 dollars, will generate 1,221 jobs in direct employment and
2,016 jobsin overall employment when indirect and induced jobs are added. The
overall economic impact of the planned construction activity of the Athletic
Departmentisestimatedat$239.7million.
OVERALLECONOMICIMPACT
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Researchers estimate the economic impact of the activities of the University of
ArkansasAthleticDepartmentat$153.6milliononanannualbasis.
The Athletic Department expended $84.7 million and produced a $124.1 million
economic impact, and visitors to home baseball, basketball and football games
generatedanadditional$29.6million.Thesefigurescomprisetheannualeconomic
impact1.
Theeconomicmultiplierassociatedwiththisimpactis1.81,whichmeansthatevery
dollarinAthleticDepartmentexpendituresgenerated$1.81ineconomicactivity.
Aspartofthiseconomicimpact,activitiesoftheAthleticDepartmentgeneratedtax
revenues worth at least $3,723,606 for the state government and $1,172,312 for
localgovernments.
Thefootballgamesinthefallproduceasignificantimpactonhoteloccupancyrates,
associated hotel tax collections and restaurant prepared food taxes. Hotel tax
collectionsinNorthwestArkansascitiesaretypically14.6percenthigherinthefall
months compared to the rest of the year. Similarly, hotel occupancy rates are 5.4
percenthigherinthefallandrestaurantpreparedfoodtaxesare2.5percenthigher
inthefallwhencomparedtotherestoftheyear.
Construction activity from the University of Arkansas Athletic Department also
provided and will continue to provide significant one‐time benefits. From 2002 to
2011, athletic facility construction on the University of Arkansas campus created
3,342 jobs and generated $288,653,131 in economic impacts. Year 2012
constructionontheUniversityofArkansascampussupports561jobsandgenerates
an economic impact of $64,517,706 and planned construction from 2012 to 2017
willsupport2,016jobsandgenerate$239,740,103ineconomicactivity.
1Expenditurescamefrom2010‐11data,whilevisitorimpactcamefromthe2011‐12season.Assumingthat
expendituresremainedconstant,thisestimaterepresentstheannualimpact.
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
ExecutiveSummary................................................................................................................................................................ii DirectEconomicImpact...................................................................................................................................................ii VisitorEconomicImpact..................................................................................................................................................ii ConstructionEconomicImpact.....................................................................................................................................ii OverallEconomicImpact................................................................................................................................................iii TableofContents....................................................................................................................................................................iv ListofTables.............................................................................................................................................................................vi ListofFigures..........................................................................................................................................................................vii Introduction...............................................................................................................................................................................1 DirectEconomicImpactData.............................................................................................................................................3 Expenditures.........................................................................................................................................................................3 Personnel...........................................................................................................................................................................3 Payroll.................................................................................................................................................................................4 TaxesPaidbyAthleticDepartmentEmployees................................................................................................4 UniversityAffiliatedVolunteerHoursbyStudent‐Athletes.........................................................................5 StudentAid.......................................................................................................................................................................5 RecruitingandSpiritGroups.....................................................................................................................................6 TeamandGameDayExpenses.................................................................................................................................7 MiscellaneousExpenses..............................................................................................................................................8 SummaryofAllExpensesandEconomicImpactofExpenditures............................................................8 Revenues..............................................................................................................................................................................11 HomeAthleticEventTicketSales..........................................................................................................................11 Tournaments,Conferences,andGuarantees....................................................................................................12 Donors..............................................................................................................................................................................12 Royalties,Licenses,Sponsorships,MediaBroadcasts,andOtherSales................................................12 MiscellaneousRevenueSources............................................................................................................................13 SummaryofAllRevenues.........................................................................................................................................13 MeasurementofIndirectEconomicImpacts.............................................................................................................14 Baseball.................................................................................................................................................................................15 Attendance......................................................................................................................................................................18 SpendingbyVisitors...................................................................................................................................................20 SalesTaxesPaidbyVisitors....................................................................................................................................22 HotelRoomsOccupiedbyVisitors........................................................................................................................26 iv
MealsEatenbyVisitors.............................................................................................................................................28 VisitorPlansinFayettevilleandNorthwestArkansas.................................................................................31 Men’sBasketball...............................................................................................................................................................32 Attendance......................................................................................................................................................................33 SpendingbyVisitors...................................................................................................................................................34 SalesTaxesPaidbyVisitors....................................................................................................................................35 HotelRoomsOccupiedbyVisitors........................................................................................................................37 MealsEatenbyVisitors.............................................................................................................................................38 VisitorPlansinFayettevilleandNorthwestArkansas.................................................................................40 Football.................................................................................................................................................................................41 Attendance......................................................................................................................................................................41 SpendingbyVisitors...................................................................................................................................................42 SalesTaxesPaidbyVisitors....................................................................................................................................43 HotelRoomsOccupiedbyVisitors........................................................................................................................44 MealsEatenbyVisitors.............................................................................................................................................45 VisitorPlansinFayettevilleandNorthwestArkansas.................................................................................45 OverallEconomicImpactofVisitorsatRazorbackHomeGames................................................................46 CityHotel,Motel,andRestaurant(HMR)TaxCollections...............................................................................47 NorthwestArkansasHotelOccupancy....................................................................................................................51 SalesTaxCollections.......................................................................................................................................................53 ConstructionofUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentFacilities.........................................................56 CompletedUniversityofAthleticDepartmentConstruction.........................................................................56 2012UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentConstruction.................................................................59 PlannedUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentConstruction...........................................................60 OverallEconomicImpact...................................................................................................................................................62 Appendix...................................................................................................................................................................................63 AthleticEconomicImpactSurvey..............................................................................................................................63 EmploymentbySectorImpactsofCompletedAthleticConstruction.........................................................65 EmploymentbySectorImpactsofCurrentAthleticConstruction...............................................................66 EmploymentbySectorImpactsofPlannedAthleticConstruction..............................................................67 v
LISTOFTABLES
Table1:2011‐12UniversityofArkansasAthleticDeparmentEmployment.................................................4 Table2:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentPayroll...........................................................4 Table3:Estimated2010‐11StateTaxesPaidbyUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentStaff..5 Table4:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasStudentScholarshipsbySport.......................................................6 Table5:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticExpendituresonStudentAid.........................................6 Table6:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticRecruitingandSpiritGroupsExpenditures............7 Table7:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticTeamandGameDayExpenditures.............................7 Table8:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticMiscellaneousExpenditures..........................................8 Table9:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticExpendituresSummary...................................................9 Table10:2010‐11EconomicImpactofUniversityofArkansasAthleticExpenditures..........................10 Table11:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticTicketRevenuebySport.............................................11 Table12:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticRevenuesfromTournaments,Conferencesand
Guarantees................................................................................................................................................................................12 Table13:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticRevenuesfromDonors................................................12 Table14:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticRevenuesfromRoyalties,Licenses,Sponsorship,
MediaBroadcasts,andOtherSales................................................................................................................................13 Table15:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticRevenuefromMiscellaneousSources...................13 Table16:2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticRevenuebySource........................................................14 Table17:2012AttendanceatRazorbackBaseballGames..................................................................................19 Table18:2012SpendingbyVisitorsatRazorbackBaseballGames................................................................21 Table19:2012SalesTaxesPaidbyVisitorsatRazorbackBaseballGames.................................................23 Table20:2012SalesTaxesPaidonConcessionsandMerchandiseatRazorbackBaseballGames...25 Table21:2012HotelRoomNightsbyVisitorsatRazorbackBaseballGames............................................27 Table22:2012MealsEatenbyVisitorsatRazorbackBaseballGames..........................................................29 Table23:2012PlansofVisitorsatRazorbackBaseballGames.........................................................................31 Table24:2011‐12AttendanceatRazorbackBasketballGames.......................................................................34 Table25:2011‐12SpendingbyVisitorsatRazorbackBasketballGames....................................................35 Table26:2011‐12SalesTaxesPaidbyVisitorsatRazorbackBasketballGames......................................36 Table27:2011‐12SalesTaxesonConcessionsandMerchandiseatRazorbackBasketballGames..37 Table28:2011‐12HotelRoomNightsbyVisitorsatRazorbackBasketballGames.................................38 Table29:2011‐12MealsEatenbyVisitorsatRazorbackBasketballGames...............................................39 Table30:2011‐12PlansofVisitorsatRazorbackBasketballGames..............................................................40 Table31:2011AttendanceatRazorbackFootballGames...................................................................................42 Table32:2011SpendingbyVisitorsatRazorbackFootballGames................................................................42 Table33:2011SalesTaxesPaidbyVisitorsatRazorbackFootballGames.................................................43 Table34:2011SalesTaxesPaidonConcessionsandMerchandiseatRazorbackFootballGames...44 Table35:2011HotelRoomNightsbyVisitorsatRazorbackFootballGames............................................44 Table36:2011MealsEatenbyVisitorsatRazorbackFootballGames..........................................................45 Table37:2011PlansofVisitorsatRazorbackFootballGames.........................................................................46 Table38:2011‐12EconomicImpactofVisitorsatRazorbackHomeGames..............................................46 Table39:2002‐2011UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentConstruction.....................................57 Table40:EconomicImpactofCompletedUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentConstruction
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................58 Table41:EconomicImpactof2012UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentConstruction........60 vi
Table42:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartment20YearConstructionMasterPlan...................61 Table43:EconomicImpactof2012‐2017PlannedUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartment
Construction............................................................................................................................................................................61 Table44:AnnualEconomicImpactoftheUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartment........................62 Table45:EmploymentImpactofCompletedUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartment
Construction............................................................................................................................................................................65 Table46:EmploymentImpactof2012UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentConstruction.66 Table47:EmploymentImpactofPlanned2012‐2017UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartment
Construction............................................................................................................................................................................67 LISTOFFIGURES
Figure1:FayettevilleHotelTaxCollections...............................................................................................................48 Figure2:SpringdaleHotelTaxCollections.................................................................................................................48 Figure3:RogersHotelTaxCollections.........................................................................................................................49 Figure4:BentonvilleHotelTaxCollections...............................................................................................................49 Figure5:FayettevilleRestaurantTaxCollections...................................................................................................50 Figure6:BentonvilleRestaurantTaxCollections....................................................................................................51 Figure7:FayettevilleHotelOccupancyRates...........................................................................................................52 Figure8:RogersHotelOccupancyRates.....................................................................................................................52 Figure9:BentonvilleHotelOccupancyRates............................................................................................................53 Figure10:FayettevilleSalesTaxCollections.............................................................................................................54 Figure11:SpringdaleSalesTaxCollections...............................................................................................................54 Figure12:RogersSalesTaxCollections.......................................................................................................................55 Figure13:BentonvilleSalesTaxCollections.............................................................................................................55 vii
INTRODUCTION
The University of Arkansas Athletic department houses one of the premier programs in
America.Withitsrichhistory,dedicatedfans,highlytoutedathletes,andtop‐notchcoaches
andadministrators,theUniversityofArkansasepitomizesacollegeathleticprograminthe
earlytwenty‐firstcentury.
In1909,theUniversityofArkansasCardinalsfacedLouisianaStateUniversityinagrinding
football match. In what is one of the most memorable statements in the University’s rich
history,ArkansasfootballcoachHugoBezdekcalledhisplayers“awildbandofRazorback
hogs”afterdefeatingLSU16‐0.Therazorbackisknownasawildfighting,tenaciousboar
witharidgedback.Thisnewnicknameforthefootballteamspreadthroughoutthestudent
bodyandbecamemorepopulareachdayuntiltheyvotedtochangetheofficialUniversity
mascottotheRazorbacktheverynextyear.Perhapsoneofthemostfamousaspectsofthe
University’sathleticprogram,the“HogCall”,heardas“Woooooo,PigSooie!”wasaddedin
theearly1920’s.
TheUniversityofArkansasparticipatesintheSoutheasternConference(SEC),undoubtedly
thenation’smostcompetitiveconference.Theconferenceboasts7ofthelast8,including
the last 5, NCAA football national champions. The SEC also is represented by the past 3
NCAAbaseballnationalchampions,thelast2NCAAMen’sIndoorTrackandFieldnational
champions, and 6 of the last 7 NCAA Women’s Gymnastics national champions. Arkansas
leadsallSECschoolsincareerNCAAnationalchampionshipswith42(tiedwithLSU).The
Razorbacks compete in 19 different sports with more than 460 student‐athletes
representing the “Razorback Nation” on and off the field. In 2010‐11, University of
Arkansas teams boasted 5 SEC or Regional team champions, appeared on television 107
times,andattractedoveronemillionfanstohomegames.
In2011‐12,fifteenof19Razorbacksportsadvancedtopost‐seasoncompetitionincluding
six programs that finished in the top‐10 nationally in their respective sports. The
University of Arkansas finished the year 20th in the Learfield Sports Directors Cup, a
season‐long measure of athletic success of all Division I athletic programs. It marked the
highestfinishfortheprogramintheDirectorsCupinmorethanadecade.Themen’strack
andfieldteamcapturedtheSECTripleCrown(crosscountry,indoorandoutdoortrackand
field)whilethefootballteamclinchedaCottonBowlvictory.Arkansas’baseballteammade
atriptotheCollegeWorldSeriesandthegymnasticsteamreturnedtotheNCAASuperSix.
Arkansas once again played host to more than one million fans for Razorback athletic
eventsin2011‐12.Infact,theUniversityofArkansaswastheonlyinstitutiontorankinthe
top 25 of national attendance for football, men’s basketball and baseball in 2011‐12. In
addition,Razorbackteamsmade101nationalandregionaltelevisionappearancesin2011‐
12.
TheUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentisavaluableandvisibleinstitutioninthe
state of Arkansas and particularly in the Northwest Arkansas region where the Arkansas
Razorbacks make their home. The success and recognition of the University’s Athletic
programs bring many fans to attend various athletic events and activities surrounding
thoseevents.TheAthleticDepartmentisinterestedindeterminingtheeconomicimpactsof
various operations conducted by the department. This study will increase the
understanding of economic impacts within the Department and provide a useful
communication tool for interactions with alumni, faculty and staff, taxpayers, business
owners and others. This economic impact study also provides a standard to compare
againstpeerinstitutionsthathavecompletedsimilarstudies.Someoftheseinstitutionsare
theUniversityofAlabama,LouisianaStateUniversity,theUniversityofSouthCarolina,and
theUniversityofTennessee,amongothers.
TheCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchintheSamM.WaltonCollegeofBusiness
at the University of Arkansas was approached by the Athletic Department to conduct an
economicimpactstudyofitsoperationsandthevisitorimpactsassociatedwiththeathletic
events held on the University of Arkansas campus. This study examines the economic
impact of the athletic department from three broad categories of activities that produce
economicimpacts.Thefirstcategorypresentedinthisstudyisthedirecteconomicimpacts
of the operations of the University of Arkansas Athletic Department, using annual
expendituresofthedepartmentandtheassociatedeconomicimpact.Thesecondcategory
is based on visitor spending at home games on the University of Arkansas campus in
Fayetteville.Inthisstudy,onlyvisitorimpactsfromhomebaseball,basketballandfootball
gamesareassessed.Finally,thethirdcategoryisbasedontheconstructionexpendituresof
the University of Arkansas Athletic Department. While the first two categories produce
recurring annual impacts, the third category generates one‐time economic impacts. The
following pages of this report provide a detailed analysis of the above mentioned
categories.
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DIRECTECONOMICIMPACTDATA
This section presents the direct economic impacts of the University of Arkansas Athletic
Departmentbydetailingitsexpendituresandrevenues.Mostoftheinformationpresented
in this section is based on data from the 2010‐11 academic year, for which the most
completeinformationisavailable.Whereavailable,2011‐12numbersareusedforamore
currentviewofeconomicactivity.
EXPENDITURES
AmajorportionoftheeconomicimpactoftheUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartment
is derived from the expenditures of the department. The expenditures take the form of
payroll, event and team expenses, marketing and promotions, and facilities expenses,
amongothers.TheseexpendituresgenerateeconomicactivityinNorthwestArkansasand
provide the organization with a sustainable base of the economic activity for the area.
Using IMPLAN, an input‐output based estimation model, researchers from the Center for
BusinessandEconomicResearchwereabletomeasuretheeconomicimpactoftheAthletic
DepartmentexpendituresontheState’seconomy.
PERSONNEL
The Athletic Department provided employment both full‐time and part‐time to 1,242
individualsontheUniversityofArkansascampusduringthe2011‐12academicyear.Full‐
time staff at the athletic department number about 257 and includes head coaches,
assistant coaches, and administrative staff which includes those who handle training for
various sports, recruitment, finances and other activities that areessential tothe smooth
functioningofaqualityathleticdepartment.Inaddition,threemerchandisestaffworkona
full‐time basis. Event staff members who manage the various home Athletic events are
hired on a part‐time basis and 657 were used in the 2011‐12 season. Additionally, 233
parking attendants, 24 concessions staff and 68 merchandise staff were also hired on a
part‐timebasistofacilitatetheoperationsoftheathleticdepartmentassociatedwithhome
gamedays.
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TABLE1:2011‐12UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICDEPARMENTEMPLOYMENT
2011‐12 University of Arkansas Athletic Department Employment Type of Employment Number of Employees Full‐time Staff 257 Full‐time Merchandise Staff 3 Event Staff 657 Parking Attendants 233 Part‐time Concessions Staff 24 Part‐time Merchandise Staff 68 Total Staff 1,242 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
PAYROLL
According to data received from the University of Arkansas Athletic Department, the
departmentspent$28,642,572onpayrollinthe2010‐11academicyear.Outofthesetotal
payrollexpenditures,$12,100,058wasspentonsalariesandothercompensationforhead
coaches and assistant coaches, while $10,426,885 was spent on salaries and other
compensation for all other athletic department staff. The head coaches and assistant
coaches received $2,112,548 in benefits like medical insurance, leave, retirement plans,
and other benefits, while administrative staff received $2,174,567 in similar benefits.
Finally,wagesforeventstaff,parkingattendants,andotherpart‐timeandhourlyworkers
totaled$1,828,514inthe2010‐11academicyear.
TABLE2:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICDEPARTMENTPAYROLL
2010‐11 University of Arkansas Athletic Department Payroll Salaries and Other Compensation for Coaches Benefits for Coaches Salaries and Other Compensations for Other Full Time Staff Benefits for Other Full‐Time Staff Wages for Part‐Time Staff and Hourly Staff Total Payroll $12,100,058 $2,112,548 $10,426,885 $2,174,567 $1,828,514 $28,642,572 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
TAXESPAIDBYATHLETICDEPARTMENTEMPLOYEES
UsingthesalarydataprovidedbytheAthleticDepartment,researchersfromtheCenterfor
Business and Economic Research were able to estimate the various state and local taxes
paid by employees that work in the Athletic Department. Income taxes paid by Athletic
Departmentemployeeswerecalculatedbasedonthesalariesandothercompensationfor
full‐timestaff,andthewagesforpart‐timestaff.Full‐timestaffattheAthleticDepartment
4
paid an estimated $1,360,696 in state income taxes based on the salaries and other
compensation received in the 2010‐11 academic year. Part‐time employees paid an
estimated $18,285 in state income taxes during the same time period. Both full‐time and
part‐time employees paid a combined estimated total of $569,918 in state sales taxes on
consumption goods and $284,959 in local sales taxes on these goods. The state and local
sales tax payments were estimated based on the percentage of income that is typically
subject to sales tax, 39 percent, according to estimates available from the U.S. Bureau of
LaborStatisticsConsumerExpenditureSurvey.
TABLE3:ESTIMATED2010‐11STATETAXESPAIDBYUNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICDEPARTMENT
STAFF
2010‐11 Taxes Paid by University of Arkansas Athletic Department Staff Total Salaries and Wages State Income Taxes for All Full‐Time Staff State Income Taxes for Part‐Time Staff State Sales Taxes Local Sales Taxes Total State Taxes $24,355,457 $1,360,696 $18,285 $569,918 $284,959 $2,233,858 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformationandCenterforBusinessandEconomic
ResearchEstimates
UNIVERSITYAFFILIATEDVOLUNTEERHOURSBYSTUDENT‐ATHLETES
TheUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentpromotesaspiritofvolunteerismamong
its student‐athletes and student‐athletes participate in a variety of volunteer activities
everyacademicyear.Communityserviceperformedbythestudentshastakentheformof
providing tours to school children, working with local Boys and Girls Clubs, cleaning up
from the Joplin tornado, helping the Animal Services Vet Clinic, soup kitchens, Big
Brothers/Big Sisters, and many others. In the 2011‐12 academic year, student‐athletes
performed5,991.5hoursofcommunityservice.Usingthevalueofonehourofcommunity
service provided by Independent Sector ($16.48 in Arkansas), we can estimate that the
totalvalueofcommunityserviceperformedbystudent‐athleteswas$98,740.
STUDENTAID
TheAthleticDepartmentprovidesfinancialaidtostudent‐athletesfromthevarioussports
represented at the University of Arkansas. The student aid takes the form of tuition
discountsandwaiversduringtheregularsemesterandforsummerschool.Theexpenses
also reflect aid extended to student‐athletes who are no longer eligible to participate in
athletics and to student‐athletes who may be inactive due to injury. The men’s football
team has the largest number of recipients of student aid, 85, followed by track, field and
crosscountryat64andbasketballat26.Atotalof25scholarshipsaregiventoathletesin
swimming,followedby22insoccer,gymnasticsandbaseball.Inall,326scholarshipsare
5
given out, 171 to male athletes and 155 to female athletes. The value of the aid
disbursementwas$7,442,929inthe2010‐11academicyear.Studentaidexpendituresto
men’s football were $2,580,733 and were followed by $482,884 in student aid
expenditures for women’s basketball. Men’s basketball received $430,827, and baseball
received$329,789.Allothersportsreceivedatotalof$3,450,736instudentaid.
TABLE4:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASSTUDENTSCHOLARSHIPSBYSPORT
2010‐11 University of Arkansas Student Scholarships by Sport Sport Baseball Basketball Football Golf Gymnastics Soccer Softball Swimming Tennis Track and Field, Cross County Volleyball Subtotal Total Men’s Scholarships 22 12 85 11 Women’s Scholarships 14 7 13 22 22 25 8 31 8 33 171 326 13 155 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
TABLE5:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICEXPENDITURESONSTUDENTAID
2010‐11 University of Arkansas Athletic Expenditures on Student Aid Football Athletic Student Aid Men's Basketball $2,580,733 $430,827 Men's Women's Baseball Basketball $329,789 $482,884 Other Non Total Sports Program $3,450,725 $167,971 $7,442,929
Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
RECRUITINGANDSPIRITGROUPS
The Athletic Department spent $1,480,557 during the 2010‐11 academic year in
expenditures related to the recruiting efforts for student‐athletes. These expenditures
cover transportation, lodging and meals for prospective student‐athletes and Athletic
Departmentpersonnelwhoareonbothofficialandunofficialrecruitingtrips.TheAthletic
Department also spent $1,037,704 on spirit groups that are present at different athletic
events.Theseincludepaymentsforthegroupsofcheerleaders,band,mascotsanddancers,
amongothers.
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TABLE6:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICRECRUITINGANDSPIRITGROUPSEXPENDITURES
2010‐11 University of Arkansas Athletics Recruiting and Spirit Groups Expenditures Football Recruiting Spirit Groups $666,419 ‐ Men's Basketball $208,435 ‐ Men's Baseball $78,382 ‐ Women's Basketball $128,185 ‐ Other Non Total Sports Program $399,136
‐ $1,480,557
‐ $1,037,704 $1,037,704
Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
TEAMANDGAMEDAYEXPENSES
Duringthe2010‐11academicyear,theAthleticDepartmentspentatotalof$7,357,945on
travel related expenses for the various sports teams that represent the University of
Arkansas.Thetravelexpendituresweremadeonairandgroundtravel,lodging,mealsand
incidentals for travel made during preseason, regular season and post season. These
amountsalsoreflectlodgingandmealsexpendituresforteamsthataresequesteredprior
tohomegames.Teamtravelexpendituresofthefootballteamwere$3,257,936duringthe
2010‐11academicyear.TheAthleticDepartmentspent$2,316,284onequipmentthatwas
provided to teams and an additional $1,145,848 on medical expenses and medical
insurance for teams representing the University of Arkansas. During game days on the
University of Arkansas campus, the Athletic Department incurred expenses valued at
$4,469,543toprovideserviceslikeofficials,security,eventstaff,ambulanceandothersuch
services.
TABLE7:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICTEAMANDGAMEDAYEXPENDITURES
2010‐11 University of Arkansas Athletic Team and Game Day Expenditures Team Travel Equipment, Uniforms and Supplies Medical Expenses and Medical Insurance Game Expenses Football $3,257,936 $1,179,619 Men's Basketball $729,067 $111,902 Men's Baseball $421,263
$180,916
Women's Other Non Total Basketball Sports Program $452,775 $2,496,904 ‐ $7,357,945
$64,421 $779,426 ‐ $2,316,284
$275,186 $49,024 $39,310 $53,136 $ 370,028 $2,780,872 $675,173 $277,234
$251,115 $485,149 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
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$359,164 $1,145,848
‐ $4,469,543
MISCELLANEOUSEXPENSES
TheUniversity’sAthleticDepartmentmadeseveralotherexpendituressuchasguarantees,
valued at $2,598,328 that were paid to visiting teams from other institutions. Other
expenses included fund raising, marketing and promotion which includes media guides,
brochures, recruiting publications and other such items. These expenses accounted for
$1,686,190. Facilities costs which include building and grounds maintenance, utilities,
rental fees, operating leases, equipment repair and maintenance, and debt service
accountedfor$12,185,650duringthe2010‐11academicyear.
TABLE8:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICMISCELLANEOUSEXPENDITURES
2010‐11 University of Arkansas Athletic Miscellaneous Expenditures Football Guarantees Coaching Other Compensation and Benefits Paid by a Third Party Severance Payments Fund Raising, Marketing and Promotion Direct Facilities, Maintenance, and Rental Membership and Dues Acquisition of Fixed Assets
Other Operating Expenses Men's Basketball $1,475,000 $921,963 ‐ ‐ ‐ $395,404 Men's Women's Baseball Basketball $69,713 $103,278 $73,500
‐ $1,274,874 ‐ $103,794 $46,351
$2,519,631 $1,368,409 ‐ $25 $155 $26 ‐ ‐ ‐ $1,645,525 $760,397 $78,297
‐ $22,939 Other Sports $28,374 ‐ ‐ $8,169 Non Program ‐ ‐ Total $23,175 $1,109,533
$1,298,049 $1,686,190 $2,598,328 $73,500 $1,203,954 $2,005,950 $5,087,706 $12,185,650
$1,080 ‐ $101,220 $5,065 ‐ $544,054 $23,135 $29,486 $5,256,546 $5,256,546 $4,498,909
$7,628,402 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
SUMMARYOFALLEXPENSESANDECONOMICIMPACTOFEXPENDITURES
IntotaltheUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentmadeexpendituresof$84,748,274
during the 2010‐11 academic year. Expenses related to the football program equaled
$24,059,191andrepresentedthelargestexpensesforasinglesport.Atablesummarizing
theexpensesoftheUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentforthe2010‐11academic
yearisprovidedinthefollowingtable.
8
TABLE9:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICEXPENDITURESSUMMARY 2010‐11UniversityofArkansasAthleticExpendituresSummary
Football
Men's
Baseball
$329,789
Women's
Basketball
$482,884
OtherSports
NonProgram
Total
$2,580,733
Men's
Basketball
$430,827
AthleticStudentAid
$3,450,725
$167,971
$7,442,929
Guarantees
$1,475,000
$921,963
$69,713
$103,278
$28,374
‐
$2,598,328
CoachingPayroll
$6,705,574
$2,558,051
$861,701
$908,519
$3,178,762
‐
$14,212,607
CompensationandBenefits
PaidbyaThirdParty
SupportStaffPayroll
‐
‐
$73,500
‐
‐
‐
$73,500
$577,267
$356,063
$119,510
$182,308
$196,366
$12,998,452
$14,429,966
SeverancePayments
‐
$1,274,874
‐
‐
‐
$23,175
$1,298,049
Recruiting
$666,419
$208,435
$78,382
$128,185
$399,136
‐
$1,480,557
VolunteerHours
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
$98,740
$98,740
TeamTravel
$3,257,936
$729,067
$421,263
$452,775
$2,496,904
‐
$7,357,945
Equipment,Uniformsand
Supplies
GameExpenses
$1,179,619
$111,902
$180,916
$64,421
$779,426
‐
$2,316,284
$2,780,872
$675,173
$277,234
$251,115
$485,149
‐
$4,469,543
FundRaising,Marketing
andPromotion
SportsCampExpenses
$395,404
$103,794
$46,351
$22,939
$8,169
$1,109,533
$1,686,190
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
DirectFacilities,
Maintenance,andRental
SpiritGroups
$2,519,631
$1,368,409
‐
$1,203,954
$2,005,950
$5,087,706
$12,185,650
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
$1,037,704
$1,037,704
IndirectFacilitiesand
AdministrativeSupport
MedicalExpensesand
MedicalInsurance
MembershipandDues
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
$275,186
$49,024
$39,310
$53,136
$370,028
$359,164
$1,145,848
$25
$155
$26
$1,080
$5,065
$23,135
$29,486
AcquisitionofFixedAssets
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
$5,256,546
$5,256,546
OtherOperatingExpenses
$1,645,525
$760,397
$78,297
$101,220
$544,054
$4,498,909
$7,628,402
TotalExpenses
$24,059,191
$9,548,134
$2,575,992
$30,661,035
$84,748,274
$3,955,814 $13,948,108
Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
Using information on aggregate expenditures associated with the Athletic Department,
researchersfromtheCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchusedIMPLANtogenerate
aneconomicimpactestimatefortheseexpendituresoutlinedabove.
IMPLANemploysaninput‐outputapproachtoevaluatetheeconomicimpactofuniversity
spending activity in the state of Arkansas. This regional impact model enables the
evaluationoftheeconomicimpactofspecificactivitieslikeuniversityspendingwithinan
economy. The basic data sources for the current editionof theIMPLAN database and the
modelusedinthisstudyaretheInput‐OutputAccountsoftheUnitedStates,developedby
theU.S.DepartmentofCommerce,BureauofEconomicAnalysis(BEA),andcountyincome
and employment data published by BEA and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The
model reflects 2010 industrial structure and technology, and 2010 prices (trade flows in
the model are expressed in 2010 dollars) but economic impacts can be presented in
current dollars. IMPLAN uses a 525‐sector input/output model to measure the effects of
threetypesofimpacts:direct,indirect,andinduced.Directimpactsconsistofemployment
and purchases of goods and services in the region resulting from the activity being
evaluated, in this case, spending by the University of Arkansas Athletic Department.
Indirect (inter‐industry) impacts consist of goods and services purchased by the firms,
whichsupplyinputsconsumedinthedirectactivity.Inducedimpactsconsistofincreased
household purchases of goods and services in the region by employees of direct and
indirect employers. The model generates multipliers, which summarize the magnitude of
theindirectandinducedeffectsgeneratedbyagivendirectchange,toestimatechangesin
output,income,andemployment.Inotherwords,themultiplieristheratiooftotalimpact
todirectimpact.
TheeconomicimpactoftheoperationsoftheUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartment
forthe2010‐11fiscalyearisestimatedat$124,065,968.Thisimpactreflectstheeffectsof
the Athletic Department expenditures that are indirect as well as induced. While the
Athletic Department employs 260 full time employees, the indirect and induced effects
createdbytheAthleticDepartmentexpendituresresultinatotalof583jobscreatedinthe
stateeconomy.
TABLE10:2010‐11ECONOMICIMPACTOFUNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICEXPENDITURES
2010‐11 Economic Impact of Arkansas Athletic Expenditures Impact Type Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect Employment Labor Income 260 $26,814,058
187.4 $6,867,432 135.2 $4,582,213 582.6 $38,263,702
Value Output Added $13,321,015 $84,748,274 $14,384,442 $25,368,372 $8,383,458 $13,949,324 $36,088,915 $124,065,968 REVENUES
The operation of the University of Arkansas Athletic Department is made possible by
revenuesgeneratedfrommultiplesourcesthatpayforthealltheexpensesofrunningthe
department. The University of Arkansas Athletic Department is one of very few athletic
departments in the United States that is entirely self‐sufficient and produces enough
revenues to cover the annual expenditures of the department. The following section
outlinesthesourcesofrevenuesfortheUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentduring
the2010‐11academicyear.
HOMEATHLETICEVENTTICKETSALES
TicketsalesathomeathleticeventsprovidedthelargestsourceofrevenuesfortheAthletic
Department in the 2010‐11 academic year. Attendees at the home games generated
$35,931,551fortheAthleticDepartment,whichwas40percentofthetotalrevenue.The
vast majority of the ticket sales were generated by football, which brought in revenue of
$28,479,575.Thiswasfollowedby$5,810,167frommen’sbasketballand$1,496,550from
baseball. The revenue shown in the table below represents season tickets, single game
tickets,andsuitesatthehomegame.
TABLE11:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICTICKETREVENUEBYSPORT
2010‐11 University of Arkansas Athletic Ticket Revenue by Sport Game Baseball Basketball Football Golf Gymnastics Soccer Softball Swimming Tennis Track and Field, Cross County Volleyball Others Subtotal Total Men's Ticket Sales Women's Ticket Sales $ 1,496,550 $ 5,810,167 $ 97,411 $ 28,479,575 $ 28,171 $ 4,121 $ 7,112 $ 8,444 $ 35,786,292 $ 145,259 $ 35,931,551 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
11
TOURNAMENTS,CONFERENCES,ANDGUARANTEES
The University of Arkansas Athletic Department received $22,024,152 in revenues from
conferencesandtournamentrevenuesthatArkansasAthleticsteamsparticipatedin.This
amount was the second largest source of revenue for the Athletic Department and
accounted for 24.5 percent of the total revenue for the department. The Athletic
Departmentalsoreceived$51,700inguaranteesforparticipationinawaygames.
TABLE12:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICREVENUESFROMTOURNAMENTS,
CONFERENCESANDGUARANTEES
2010‐11 University of Arkansas Athletic Revenues from Tournaments, Conferences, and Guarantees Football NCAA/Conference Distributions including all tournament revenues Guarantees Men's Men's Women's Other Non Total Basketball Baseball Basketball
Sports Program $15,115,546 $5,048,639 $73,654 $30,845 $152,162 $1,603,306 $22,024,152
‐ $35,000 $5,000 $8,000 $3,700 ‐ $51,700 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
DONORS
Contributions to the University of Arkansas Athletic Department constituted the third
largest source of revenues for the 2010‐11 academic year. Contributions amounted to
$19,962,064andrepresented22.2percentofthetotalrevenueoftheAthleticDepartment.
Thecontributionscamefromindividuals,corporations,associations,foundationsandclubs
or other organizations that are designated.The amount of contributions alsoincludes in‐
kindcontributionssuchastheuseofautomobiles,provisionofsoftdrinks,andotheritems.
TABLE13:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICREVENUESFROMDONORS
2011‐11 University of Arkansas Athletic Revenues from Donors Football Contributions Men's Men's Women's Other Non Total Basketball Baseball Basketball Sports Program $15,443,739 $3,099,465 $458,269
‐ ‐ $960,591 $19,962,064
Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
ROYALTIES,LICENSES,SPONSORSHIPS,MEDIABROADCASTS,ANDOTHERSALES
TheAthleticDepartmentreceivedrevenuesof$1,786,262fromthesaleofgameprograms,
novelties,foodandconcessionsandparkingrevenues.Inaddition,theAthleticDepartment
received $7,960,239 in revenue from corporate sponsorships, licensing, sales of
advertisements,trademarksandroyalties.TheAthleticDepartmentalsoreceivedrevenues
directlyforradioandtelevisionbroadcastsaswellasinternetande‐commercerightsthat
are negotiated through direct contracts with the University. The amount received in this
categorywas$1,075,000inthe2010‐11academicyear.
12
TABLE14:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICREVENUESFROMROYALTIES,LICENSES,
SPONSORSHIP,MEDIABROADCASTS,ANDOTHERSALES
2010‐11 University of Arkansas Athletic Revenues from Royalties, Licenses,Sponsorships,MediaBroadcasts, and Other Sales Football Men's Men's Women's Other Non Total Basketball Baseball Basketball Sports Program Program Sales, Concessions, $626,132 $118,373 $107,195 $ 17,553 $18,423 $898,586 $1,786,262
Novelty Sales, and Parking Royalties, Licensing, $75,000 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $7,885,239 $7,960,239
Advertisements and Sponsorships. Compensation and Benefits ‐ ‐ $73,500 ‐ ‐ ‐ $73,500 Provided by a Third Party Broadcast, Television, Radio, $700,000 $375,000 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $1,075,000
and Internet Rights Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
MISCELLANEOUSREVENUESOURCES
Sports camps and clinics conducted on the University of Arkansas campus provided the
AthleticDepartment$9,051inrevenueforthe2010‐11year.Endowmentandinvestment
incomeprovided$314,779,whileotherrevenuestreamcontributed$729,314.
TABLE15:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICREVENUEFROMMISCELLANEOUSSOURCES
2010‐11 University of Arkansas Athletic Revenues from Miscellaneous Sources Football Sports Camp Revenues Endowment and Investment Income Other Operating Revenue $1,250 ‐ $68,810 Men's Men's Women's Basketball Baseball Basketball ‐ $3,455 $1,361 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $2,095 ‐ Other Sports $2,985 ‐ Non Total Program ‐ $9,051 $314,779 $314,779
$62,572 $595,837 $729,314
Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
SUMMARYOFALLREVENUES
In total, the University of Arkansas Athletic Department generated revenues of $89.9
millionfromsourcesoutsidetheUniversityofArkansasduringthe2010‐11academicyear.
The football program was the largest source of revenue, providing some $60.5 million to
theAthleticDepartment.Basketballprovidedthesecondlargestsourceofrevenueat$14.5
million.Together,theseprogramsprovided83.4percentofalltherevenueattheAthletic
Department.
13
TABLE16:2010‐11UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICREVENUEBYSOURCE
2010‐11 University of Arkansas Athletic Revenues by Source Football Ticket Sales Guarantees Contributions Compensation and Benefits Provided by a Third Party NCAA/Conference Distributions including all tournament revenues Broadcast, Television, Radio, and Internet Rights Program Sales, Concessions, Novelty Sales, and Parking Royalties, Licensing, Advertisements and Sponsorships Sports Camp Revenues Endowment and Investment Income Other Operating Revenue Total Operating Revenue $28,479,575 ‐ $15,443,739 ‐ Men's Basketball $5,810,167 $35,000 $3,099,465 ‐ Men's Baseball $1,496,550 $5,000 $458,269 $73,500 Women's Basketball $97,411 $8,000 ‐ ‐ Other Sports $47,848 $3,700 ‐ ‐ Non Program ‐ ‐ $960,591 ‐ $35,931,551 $51,700 $19,962,064 $73,500 $15,115,546 $5,048,639 $73,654 $30,845 $152,162 $1,603,306 $22,024,152 $700,000 $375,000 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $1,075,000 $626,132 $118,373 $107,195 $17,553 $18,423 $898,586 $1,786,262 $75,000 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $7,885,239 $7,960,239 $1,250 ‐ $3,455 $1,361 $2,985 ‐ $9,051 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ $314,779 $314,779 $ 68,810 ‐ $2,095 ‐ $62,572 $595,837 $729,314 $60,510,052 $14,486,644 $2,219,718 $155,170 $287,690 $12,258,338 Total $89,917,612 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
MEASUREMENTOFINDIRECTECONOMICIMPACTS
AmajoreffectoftheoperationsoftheUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentisfeltin
the economic impact generated by fans who are visiting Fayetteville and Northwest
Arkansas to attend home games.Nearly 720,000 fans attended home baseball, basketball
and football games during the 2011‐2012 season and about 342,000 of those fans were
visitors to Northwest Arkansas. These fans generate substantial expenditures at
restaurants, hotels, retail, and gasoline stores, providing an important stimulus to the
14
Northwest Arkansas economy. This section of the report captures the off‐campus
Northwest Arkansas spending of fans associated with home baseball, basketball and
football games during the 2011‐12 academic year. The spending estimates of fans
attendingthesegamesdonotincludeanyexpendituresmadeinpurchasingticketstothe
games or merchandise, and concessions purchased at the stadiums and arenas, as these
expendituresareexplainedindetailintheprecedingsection.Inaddition,thespendingof
fans attending other sports such as women’s basketball, soccer, gymnastics and other
sportsisnotcapturedinthisstudy.
Estimating spending in Northwest Arkansas by visitors at the home games was achieved
through the collection of primary data from visitors in the form of survey responses.
Researchers from the Center for Business and Economic Research developed a survey
instrumentthatcapturedtheeconomicactivitiesofvisitorstothehomegamesinbaseball,
basketball and football. University of Arkansas students hired by the Center for Business
and Economic Research surveyed people at the baseball, basketball and football games
usingthissurveyinstrument.AcopyofthesurveyinstrumentisprovidedintheAppendix.
Thestudentssurveyedbaseballandbasketballpatronsforanhourpriortothegameand
duringapartofthegameaswell.Baseballandbasketballvisitorsweresurveyednearthe
parking lots prior to the game and in the arena/stadium concourses during a part of the
games. Visitors to home football games were surveyed in the parking lots and tailgating
hoursbeginningthreehoursbeforeeachhomegame.Thedatacollectedduringthesurvey
processincludedtheorigin(hometown)ofthegameattendee(onlypatronsfromoutside
NorthwestArkansasweregiventhefullsurvey),thesizeoftheattendingparty,thelodging
arrangementsoftheparty,themealseatenbytheparty,otherplansforeachpartyandthe
totalspendingbyvisitorstothearea.Usingthesesurveyresponses,researchersfromthe
Centerwereabletoextrapolatethespendingpatternsforallvisitinghomegameattendees.
In addition, secondary data like Northwest Arkansas sales tax collections, hotel tax
collections, food tax collections and hotel occupancy rates were collected to show the
effects of visitor attendance at home football games. In this section of the report, the
primary data from surveys of visitors at baseball, basketball and football games are
summarized, followed by the presentation of the secondary data on sales tax collections
and hotel occupancy rates in Northwest Arkansas. The extrapolated data on visitor
spending are presented separately for each sport surveyed, namely, baseball, basketball
andfootball,butfirst,ashortsummaryoftheindividualgamessurveyedispresented.The
finalsectionhasdataonsalestax,foodtax,hoteltaxandhoteloccupancyratesforeachof
thefourmajorcitiesinNorthwestArkansas.
BASEBALL
Students from the Center for Business and Economic Research were present at seven
baseballgames(fromthreeseries)tosurveypatronsthatwereattendingthegames.One
game each, from the first and last series surveyed was rescheduled to the same day as
another game for weather related reasons. In this instance, only the first game of the
doubleheaderwassurveyed.Therangeofgamessurveyedallowedresearchersfromthe
15
Centertogetspendingdataforvariousdaysoftheweekandthisinformationwasusedto
extrapolatespendingestimatesforgamesthatwerenotsurveyedbasedonthedayofthe
week. Surveyors were also able to collect information on conference and non‐conference
games,sospendingpatternsfromthesetypesofgameswerealsousedwhenextrapolating
spendingforgamesthatwerenotsurveyed.Non‐conferencegameswereplayedonseveral
daysoftheweek,butconferencehomegameswereonlyplayedonweekends.Inall,there
were33gamedayswithhomebaseballgamesinFayettevilleduringthe2012season.Short
summaries are provided for each of the individual games surveyed, followed by detailed
tablesonspendingestimatesforeveryhomebaseballgame.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVBINGHAMTON(MAR9)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 12.2 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas.Thismeansthatofthe2,877individualswhoattendedthegame,351werefrom
outsideNorthwestArkansas.Thegamewasplayedat3:05pmonaFriday.Theaverage
visitorfromoutsideNorthwestArkansasspent$67.12duringthevisit.Centerresearchers
estimate that these individuals spent a total of $23,190 in the Northwest Arkansas
economy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused44hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVBINGHAMTON(MAR10)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 14.3 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas.Thismeansthatofthe6,523individualswhoattendedthegame,935werefrom
outside Northwest Arkansas. The game was played at 1:05 pm on a Saturday. The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $54.56 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $50,990 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused33hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVGEORGIA(APR6)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 19.0 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas. This means that of the 9,033 individuals who attended the game, 1,718 were
from outside Northwest Arkansas. The game was played at 6:35 pm on a Friday. The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $52.21 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $89,721.48 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused86hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVGEORGIA(APR7)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 20.6 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas. This means that of the 8,479 individuals who attended the game, 1,749 were
fromoutsideNorthwestArkansas.Thegamewasplayedat2:05pmonaSaturday.The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $59.59 during the visit. Center
16
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $104,741 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused98hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVGEORGIA(APR8)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 17.0 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas. This means that of the 6,973 individuals who attended the game, 1,187 were
fromoutsideNorthwestArkansas.Thegamewasplayedat12:05pmonaSunday.The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $85.81 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $101,885 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused148hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVKENTUCKY(APR13)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 16.8 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas. This means that of the 9,287 individuals who attended the game, 1,560 were
from outside Northwest Arkansas. The game was played at 6:35 pm on a Friday. The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $79.12 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $123,419 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused135hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVKENTUCKY(APR14)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 16.2 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas. This means that of the 9,575 individuals who attended the game, 1,547 were
fromoutsideNorthwestArkansas.Thegamewasplayedat2:05pmonaSaturday.The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $64.17 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $99,288 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused121hotelormotelroomnights.
17
ATTENDANCE
Using the information from the surveys above, researchers from the Center were able to
provideestimatesofthenumberofvisitorsathomebaseballgamesthatcamefromoutside
NorthwestArkansas.Onaverage,fornon‐conferencehomebaseballgames,12.2percentof
gameattendeesonweekdayscamefromoutsideNorthwestArkansasand14.3percentof
attendeesonweekendscamefromoutsideNorthwestArkansas.Similarly,17.9percentof
Friday attendees at conference games, 18.4 percent of Saturday attendees at conference
games and 17 percent of Sunday attendees at conference games came from outside
NorthwestArkansas.Inall,ofthe192,817attendeesatallhomebaseballgamesduringthe
2012season,30,967or16.1percentofattendeescamefromoutsideNorthwestArkansas.
18
TABLE17:2012ATTENDANCEATRAZORBACKBASEBALLGAMES
2012 Attendance at Razorback Baseball Games Game Date Opponent 17‐Feb‐12 18‐Feb‐12 19‐Feb‐12 21‐Feb‐12 22‐Feb‐12 24‐Feb‐12 25‐Feb‐12 26‐Feb‐12 28‐Feb‐12 29‐Feb‐12 9‐Mar‐12 10‐Mar‐12 13‐Mar‐12 14‐Mar‐12 16‐Mar‐12 17‐Mar‐12 18‐Mar‐12 21‐Mar‐12 6‐Apr‐12 7‐Apr‐12 8‐Apr‐12 13‐Apr‐12 14‐Apr‐12 17‐Apr‐12 24‐Apr‐12 1‐May‐12 2‐May‐12 4‐May‐12 5‐May‐12 6‐May‐12 10‐May‐12 11‐May‐12 12‐May‐12 Villanova Villanova Villanova Northwestern St. Northwestern St. Valparaiso Valparaiso Valparaiso BYU BYU Binghamton Binghamton Gonzaga Gonzaga Alabama Alabama Alabama Nevada Georgia Georgia Georgia Kentucky Kentucky Stephen F Austin Oral Roberts Missouri Missouri South Carolina South Carolina South Carolina Auburn Auburn Auburn Total Attendees from NWA 5,546 3,931 4,400 1,882 2,947 2,294 5,230 4,294 1,763 2,486 2,526 5,588 3,895 2,365 7,003 7,846 6,994 1,716 7,315 6,730 5,786 7,727 8,028 2,646 2,796 3,727 2,675 7,374 7,160 7,023 6,203 7,008 6,946 Attendees from Outside NWA 771 656 734 262 409 319 873 717 245 346 351 935 541 329 1,527 1,769 1,432 238 1,718 1,749 1,187 1,560 1,547 368 388 518 372 1,608 1,614 1,438 1,352 1,528 1,566 161,850 30,967 Percent from Outside NWA 12.2% 14.3% 14.3% 12.2% 12.2% 12.2% 14.3% 14.3% 12.2% 12.2% 12.2% 14.3% 12.2% 12.2% 17.9% 18.4% 17.0% 12.2% 19.0% 20.6% 17.0% 16.8% 16.2% 12.2% 12.2% 12.2% 12.2% 17.9% 18.4% 17.0% 17.9% 17.9% 18.4% Total Attendees 6,317 4,587 5,134 2,144 3,356 2,613 6,103 5,011 2,008 2,832 2,877 6,523 4,436 2,694 8,530 9,615 8,426 1,954 9,033 8,479 6,973 9,287 9,575 3,014 3,184 4,245 3,047 8,982 8,774 8,461 7,555 8,536 8,512 192,817 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformationandCenterforBusinessandEconomic
ResearchEstimates
19
SPENDINGBYVISITORS
Datacollectedfromthesurveysprovidedperpersonestimatesofspendingbyvisitorsfrom
outsideNorthwestArkansas.Onaverage,visitorsatnon‐conferencegamesspent$67.12on
weekdays and $54.56 on weekend game days. Meanwhile visitors at conference games
spent $65.67 on Fridays, $62.03 on Saturdays and $85.81 on Sundays on average. When
thesedataareextrapolatedtoreflectthespendingpatternsof30,697visitorsfromoutside
NorthwestArkansas,thevisitorsspent$2,047,173intheNorthwestArkansaseconomyor
anaverageof$62,036pergame.Thisspendingonlyincludestheexpendituresofattendees
outside the baseball stadium and, as such, does not include spending on tickets,
merchandiseandconcessions.
20
TABLE18:2012SPENDINGBYVISITORSATRAZORBACKBASEBALLGAMES
2012 Spending by Visitors at Razorback Baseball Games Game Date Opponent 17‐Feb‐12 18‐Feb‐12 19‐Feb‐12 21‐Feb‐12 22‐Feb‐12 24‐Feb‐12 25‐Feb‐12 26‐Feb‐12 28‐Feb‐12 29‐Feb‐12 9‐Mar‐12 10‐Mar‐12 13‐Mar‐12 14‐Mar‐12 16‐Mar‐12 17‐Mar‐12 18‐Mar‐12 21‐Mar‐12 6‐Apr‐12 7‐Apr‐12 8‐Apr‐12 13‐Apr‐12 14‐Apr‐12 17‐Apr‐12 24‐Apr‐12 1‐May‐12 2‐May‐12 4‐May‐12 5‐May‐12 6‐May‐12 10‐May‐12 11‐May‐12 12‐May‐12 Total Average Villanova Villanova Villanova Northwestern St. Northwestern St. Valparaiso Valparaiso Valparaiso BYU BYU Binghamton Binghamton Gonzaga Gonzaga Alabama Alabama Alabama Nevada Georgia Georgia Georgia Kentucky Kentucky Stephen F Austin Oral Roberts Missouri Missouri South Carolina South Carolina South Carolina Auburn Auburn Auburn Average Spending per Person $ 67.12 $ 54.56 $ 54.56 $ 67.12 $ 67.12 $ 67.12 $ 54.56 $ 54.56 $ 67.12 $ 67.12 $ 67.12 $ 54.56 $ 67.12 $ 67.12 $ 65.67 $ 62.03 $ 85.81 $ 67.12 $ 52.21 $ 59.89 $ 85.81 $ 79.12 $ 64.17 $ 67.12 $ 67.12 $ 67.12 $ 67.12 $ 65.67 $ 62.03 $ 85.81 $ 65.67 $ 65.67 $ 62.03 $ 66.11 Total Spending for all Visitors $ 51,728 $ 35,789 $ 40,057 $ 17,556 $ 27,481 $ 21,397 $ 47,617 $ 39,097 $ 16,443 $ 23,190 $ 23,548 $ 50,991 $ 36,325 $ 22,060 $ 100,264 $ 109,747 $ 122,914 $ 16,000 $ 89,721 $ 104,741 $ 101,885 $ 123,419 $ 99,289 $ 24,681 $ 26,073 $ 34,761 $ 24,951 $ 105,577 $ 100,148 $ 123,425 $ 88,804 $ 100,335 $ 97,158 $ 2,047,173 $ 62,036 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
21
SALESTAXESPAIDBYVISITORS
Using the visitor spending data above, researchers were able to estimate the sales taxes
paidbyvisitorstotheNorthwestArkansasareawhowereattendinghomebaseballgames.
For the purpose of this study, the spending per game was used to calculate sales taxes
accruedtothestateatthesalestaxrateof6.0percentandthesalestaxesaccruedtocounty
and local governments in Northwest Arkansas at an average rate of 3.0 percent. The
estimate provide below is conservative as some localities have additional taxes collected
for hotel and motel rooms and prepared food purchased. In addition, liquor excise taxes
andgasolinetaxesarealsonotestimated.The30,967visitorspaid$122,830instatesales
taxes and $61,415 in local sales taxes for a total of $184,246 in sales tax dollars for this
region.
22
TABLE19:2012SALESTAXESPAIDBYVISITORSATRAZORBACKBASEBALLGAMES
2012 Sales Taxes Paid by Visitors at Razorback Baseball Games Game Date Opponent State Taxes Paid 17‐Feb‐12 Villanova $ 3,104 18‐Feb‐12 Villanova $ 2,147 19‐Feb‐12 Villanova $ 2,403 21‐Feb‐12 Northwestern St. $ 1,053 22‐Feb‐12 Northwestern St. $ 1,649 24‐Feb‐12 Valparaiso $ 1,284 25‐Feb‐12 Valparaiso $ 2,857 26‐Feb‐12 Valparaiso $ 2,346 28‐Feb‐12 BYU $ 987 29‐Feb‐12 BYU $ 1,391 9‐Mar‐12 Binghamton $ 1,413 10‐Mar‐12 Binghamton $ 3,059 13‐Mar‐12 Gonzaga $ 2,179 14‐Mar‐12 Gonzaga $ 1,324 16‐Mar‐12 Alabama $ 6,016 17‐Mar‐12 Alabama $ 6,585 18‐Mar‐12 Alabama $ 7,375 21‐Mar‐12 Nevada $ 960 6‐Apr‐12 Georgia $ 5,383 7‐Apr‐12 Georgia $ 6,284 8‐Apr‐12 Georgia $ 6,113 13‐Apr‐12 Kentucky $ 7,405 14‐Apr‐12 Kentucky $ 5,957 17‐Apr‐12 Stephen F Austin $ 1,481 24‐Apr‐12 Oral Roberts $ 1,564 1‐May‐12 Missouri $ 2,086 2‐May‐12 Missouri $ 1,497 4‐May‐12 South Carolina $ 6,335 5‐May‐12 South Carolina $ 6,009 6‐May‐12 South Carolina $ 7,405 10‐May‐12 Auburn $ 5,328 11‐May‐12 Auburn $ 6,020 12‐May‐12 Auburn $ 5,829 Total $ 122,830 *Local sales tax average of 3 percent is used Local Taxes Paid* $ 1,552 $ 1,074 $ 1,202 $ 527 $ 824 $ 642 $ 1,429 $ 1,173 $ 493 $ 696 $ 706 $ 1,530 $ 1,090 $ 662 $ 3,008 $ 3,292 $ 3,687 $ 480 $ 2,692 $ 3,142 $ 3,057 $ 3,703 $ 2,979 $ 740 $ 782 $ 1,043 $ 749 $ 3,167 $ 3,004 $ 3,703 $ 2,664 $ 3,010 $ 2,915 $ 61,415 Total Taxes Paid $ 4,655 $ 3,221 $ 3,605 $ 1,580 $ 2,473 $ 1,926 $ 4,286 $ 3,519 $ 1,480 $ 2,087 $ 2,119 $ 4,589 $ 3,269 $ 1,985 $ 9,024 $ 9,877 $ 11,062 $ 1,440 $ 8,075 $ 9,427 $ 9,170 $ 11,108 $ 8,936 $ 2,221 $ 2,347 $ 3,128 $ 2,246 $ 9,502 $ 9,013 $ 11,108 $ 7,992 $ 9,030 $ 8,744 $ 184,246 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
23
Inaddition,usingdataprovidedbytheAthleticDepartmentfortheestimation,visitorsand
residentspaid$45,153insalestaxestothestateandlocalgovernmentsonthepurchases
ofmerchandiseandconcessionswhileinsidethestadium.Thesalestaxrateusedisfrom
Fayetteville, since all merchandise and concession rates were made in Fayetteville. The
local merchandise tax rate is 3.25 percent which reflects the Washington County and
Fayettevillesalestaxrateandthelocalconcessionstaxrateis5.25percentwhichreflects
theWashingtonCounty,Fayettevillesalestaxrate,andtheFayettevillepreparedfoodtax.
24
TABLE20:2012SALESTAXESPAIDONCONCESSIONSANDMERCHANDISEATRAZORBACKBASEBALL
GAMES
2012SalesTaxesPaidonConcessionsandMerchandiseatRazorbackBaseballGames
Game
Opponent
17‐Feb‐12
18‐Feb‐12
19‐Feb‐12
21‐Feb‐12
22‐Feb‐12
24‐Feb‐12
25‐Feb‐12
26‐Feb‐12
28‐Feb‐12
29‐Feb‐12
9‐Mar‐12
10‐Mar‐12
10‐Mar‐12
13‐Mar‐12
14‐Mar‐12
16‐Mar‐12
17‐Mar‐12
18‐Mar‐12
21‐Mar‐12
6‐Apr‐12
7‐Apr‐12
8‐Apr‐12
13‐Apr‐12
14‐Apr‐12
14‐Apr‐12
17‐Apr‐12
24‐Apr‐12
1‐May‐12
2‐May‐12
4‐May‐12
5‐May‐12
6‐May‐12
10‐May‐12
11‐May‐12
Villanova
Villanova
Villanova
NorthwesternSt.
NorthwesternSt.
Valparaiso
Valparaiso
Valparaiso
BYU
BYU
Binghamton
Binghamton
Binghamton
Gonzaga
Gonzaga
Alabama
Alabama
Alabama
Nevada
Georgia
Georgia
Georgia
Kentucky
Kentucky
Kentucky
StephenFAustin
OralRoberts
Missouri
Missouri
SouthCarolina
SouthCarolina
SouthCarolina
Auburn
Auburn
Concessions Concessions Merchandise Merchandise Total
StateSales
LocalSales StateSales
LocalSales
Taxes
Taxes*
Taxes
Taxes*
$527
$461
$203
$110
$1,302
$584
$511
$351
$190
$1,637
$512
$448
$350
$189
$1,499
$158
$138
$51
$28
$376
$248
$217
$79
$43
$ 586
$202
$177
$112
$61
$551
$418
$366
$316
$171
$1,270
$529
$463
$174
$94
$1,261
$107
$93
$35
$19
$254
$148
$130
$59
$32
$368
$146
$128
$78
$42
$394
$376
$329
$185
$100
$990
$376
$329
$185
$100
$990
$367
$321
$82
$44
$814
$155
$135
$53
$29
$372
$1,035
$906
$292
$158
$2,391
$1,234
$1,080
$556
$301
$3,172
$964
$844
$446
$241
$2,494
$246
$215
$116
$63
$639
$934
$817
$255
$138
$2,144
$702
$ 614
$434
$235
$1,985
$413
$361
$162
$88
$1,024
$754
$660
$282
$153
$1,849
$709
$621
$229
$124
$1,683
$494
$433
$229
$124
$1,281
$279
$244
$110
$59
$692
$175
$153
$73
$40
$440
$240
$210
$45
$24
$519
$219
$192
$101
$55
$566
$799
$699
$312
$169
$1,978
$1,166
$1,020
$424
$229
$2,840
$765
$669
$254
$137
$1,826
$490
$429
$101
$55
$ 1,075
$797
$698
$193
$105
$1,793
25
2012SalesTaxesPaidonConcessionsandMerchandiseatRazorbackBaseballGames
Game
Opponent
Concessions Concessions Merchandise Merchandise Total
StateSales
LocalSales StateSales
LocalSales
Taxes
Taxes*
Taxes
Taxes*
12‐May‐12 Auburn
$834
$729
$346
$187
$2,097
Total
$18,102
$15,839
$7,272
$3,939
$45,153
*Local sales tax rate of 5.25 percent is used on concessions and 3.25 percent is used on merchandise Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformationandCenterforBusinessandEconomic
ResearchEstimates
HOTELROOMSOCCUPIEDBYVISITORS
Data from the surveys of visitors to home baseball games provided researchers from the
Centerestimatesofthenumberofhotelormotelroomnightsoccupiedbyvisitorsatthe
games.Asexpected,gamesontheweekendresultedinmorehotelandmotelroomsbeing
occupiedbyvisitors.Inall,overthecourseof33gamedays,2,511hotelroomnightswere
occupiedbyvisitorstotheregion.
26
TABLE21:2012HOTELROOMNIGHTSBYVISITORSATRAZORBACKBASEBALLGAMES
2012 Hotel Room Nights Occupied by Visitors at Razorback Baseball Games Game 17‐Feb‐12 18‐Feb‐12 19‐Feb‐12 21‐Feb‐12 22‐Feb‐12 24‐Feb‐12 25‐Feb‐12 26‐Feb‐12 28‐Feb‐12 29‐Feb‐12 9‐Mar‐12 10‐Mar‐12 13‐Mar‐12 14‐Mar‐12 16‐Mar‐12 17‐Mar‐12 18‐Mar‐12 21‐Mar‐12 6‐Apr‐12 7‐Apr‐12 8‐Apr‐12 13‐Apr‐12 14‐Apr‐12 17‐Apr‐12 24‐Apr‐12 1‐May‐12 2‐May‐12 4‐May‐12 5‐May‐12 6‐May‐12 10‐May‐12 11‐May‐12 12‐May‐12 Total Opponent Villanova Villanova Villanova Northwestern St. Northwestern St. Valparaiso Valparaiso Valparaiso BYU BYU Binghamton Binghamton Gonzaga Gonzaga Alabama Alabama Alabama Nevada Georgia Georgia Georgia Kentucky Kentucky Stephen F Austin Oral Roberts Missouri Missouri South Carolina South Carolina South Carolina Auburn Auburn Auburn Number of Rooms 97 23 26 33 51 40 31 25 31 43 44 33 68 41 104 119 179 30 86 98 148 135 121 46 49 65 47 110 108 179 92 104 105 2,511 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
27
MEALSEATENBYVISITORS
The survey instrument used by students from the Center for Business and Economic
Researchalsocollecteddataonthenumberofmealseatenbyvisitorsatthehomebaseball
games. Using this information, researchers estimated that the visitors at home baseball
gamesate64,624mealsinFayettevilleand4,933mealsinotherNorthwestArkansascities.
The visitors ate 15,906 breakfasts, 24,490 lunches and 29,161 dinners in Northwest
Arkansasforatotalof69,557mealseatenoverthecourseof33gamedays.
28
TABLE22:2012MEALSEATENBYVISITORSATRAZORBACKBASEBALLGAMES
2012 Meals Eaten by Visitors at Razorback Baseball Games Game Location 17‐Feb‐12 Villanova Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA 18‐Feb‐12 Villanova 19‐Feb‐12 Villanova 21‐Feb‐12 Northwestern St. 22‐Feb‐12 Northwestern St. 24‐Feb‐12 Valparaiso 25‐Feb‐12 Valparaiso 26‐Feb‐12 Valparaiso 28‐Feb‐12 BYU 29‐Feb‐12 BYU 9‐Mar‐12 Binghamton 10‐Mar‐12 Binghamton 13‐Mar‐12 Gonzaga 14‐Mar‐12 Gonzaga 16‐Mar‐12 Alabama 17‐Mar‐12 Alabama 18‐Mar‐12 Alabama 21‐Mar‐12 Nevada Breakfast Lunch Dinner Total 492 11 286 11 320 13 167 4 261 6 204 5 380 15 312 12 156 3 221 5 224 5 407 16 346 8 210 5 880 74 591 51 601 21 152 3 703 11 361 ‐ 405 ‐ 239 4 373 6 291 5 481 ‐ 395 ‐ 223 3 315 5 320 5 515 ‐ 494 8 300 5 1,272 88 1,102 62 1,158 105 217 3 839 11 368 290 412 324 285 4 446 6 347 5 490 386 403 317 267 3 376 5 382 5 525 413 589 8 358 5 1,462 86 1,329 46 1,085 105 260 3 2,034 33 1,016 301 1,137 337 690 11 1,081 18 841 14 1,351 401 1,109 329 647 10 912 15 926 15 1,447 429 1,428 23 867 14 3,614 248 3,022 159 2,843 230 629 10 29
2012 Meals Eaten by Visitors at Razorback Baseball Games Game Location 6‐Apr‐12 Georgia Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA 7‐Apr‐12 Georgia 8‐Apr‐12 Georgia 13‐Apr‐12 Kentucky 14‐Apr‐12 Kentucky 17‐Apr‐12 Stephen F Austin 24‐Apr‐1 Oral Roberts 1‐May‐12 Missouri 2‐May‐12 Missouri 4‐May‐12 South Carolina 5‐May‐12 South Carolina 6‐May‐12 South Carolina 10‐May‐12 Auburn 11‐May‐12 Auburn 12‐May‐12 Auburn Total Breakfast Lunch Dinner Total 1,039 143 667 9 498 17 855 21 444 81 235 5 248 6 331 7 237 5 927 78 540 46 603 21 779 65 881 74 523 45 15,906 1,404 143 1,129 ‐ 960 87 1,325 50 928 108 335 5 354 6 472 7 339 5 1,340 93 1,005 56 1,163 105 1,127 78 1,273 88 975 55 24,490 1,502 171 1,502 ‐ 899 87 1,624 21 996 81 400 5 423 6 564 7 405 5 1,540 91 1,213 42 1,089 105 1,295 76 1,463 86 1,177 41 29,161 3,945 457 3,298 9 2,357 191 3,804 92 2,368 270 970 16 1,025 17 1,367 22 981 16 3,806 261 2,758 145 2,855 231 3,201 220 3,617 248 2,675 141 69,557 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
30
VISITORPLANSINFAYETTEVILLEANDNORTHWESTARKANSAS
VisitorsthatrespondedtothesurveysconductedbystudentsfromtheCenterforBusiness
andEconomicResearchprovidedinformationabouttheplansoftheirpartiesduringtheir
visittoattendabaseballgame.Theinformationderivedfromthesurveysabouttheplans
ofvisitorsisprovidedbylocationinFayettevilleorotherNorthwestArkansascities.Non‐
conferenceweekdaygamessaw64.0percentofvisitorpurchasefuelinFayettevilleand7.4
percent purchased fuel in other Northwest Arkansas cities. A total of 41.2 percent of
visitors to non‐conference weekday games also went retail shopping in Fayetteville, 22.8
percent purchased groceries or tailgating supplies and 11.8 percent went to bars and
nightclubs.Onweekends,50.2percentofvisitorstonon‐conferencegamespurchasedfuel
and 19.6 went retail shopping in Fayetteville. During conference games, 53.6 percent of
visitorspurchasedfuelinFayettevilleonFridays,49.0percentpurchasedfuelonSaturdays
and43.4percentpurchasedfuelonSundaysinFayetteville.Visitorstoconferencegames
onFridaysweremorelikelythanvisitorsonSaturdaysandSundaystoparticipateinretail
shopping,buygroceriesortailgatingsuppliesandvisitbarsandnightclubs.
TABLE23:2012PLANSOFVISITORSATRAZORBACKBASEBALLGAMES
2012 Plans of Visitors at Razorback Baseball Games Plans Fuel Retail Shopping Groceries, Tailgating Supplies Packaged Liquor Rent Vehicle Taxi Movies Bars/ Nightclubs Others Weekday, Non‐
Weekend, Non‐
Friday, Conference Saturday, Sunday, conference conference Conference Conference Fayetteville NWA Fayetteville NWA Fayetteville NWA Fayetteville NWA Fayetteville NWA
64.0% 7.4% 50.2% 6.7% 53.6% 2.9% 49.0% 7.2% 43.4% 0.0% 41.2% 0.0% 19.6% 2.8% 37.4% 1.5% 29.4% 0.0% 28.7% 0.0% 22.8% 0.0% 8.4% 0.0% 23.7% 0.5% 16.1% 0.0% 13.2% 2.9% 30.4% 0.0% 6.7% 3.2% 26.1% 0.0% 15.5% 0.0% 7.4% 0.0% 7.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.4% 0.0% 6.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.1% 11.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.9% 0.0% 1.4% 0.7% 1.2% 6.7% 18.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.6% 7.8% 9.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.1% 0.0% 1.4% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 1.5% 0.0% Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
31
MEN’SBASKETBALL
Students from the Center for Business and Economic Research were present at seven
Razorbackbasketballgamestosurveypatronsthatwereattendingthegames.Therangeof
games surveyed (weekday and weekend games) allowed researchers from the Center to
get spending data for various days of the week and this information was used to
extrapolate spending estimates for games that were not surveyed. In all, there were 22
game days with home basketball games in Fayetteville during the 2011‐12 season. Short
summaries are provided for each of the individual games surveyed, followed by detailed
tablesonspendingestimatesforeveryhomebasketballgame.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVMICHIGAN(JAN21)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 27.0 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas.Thismeansthatofthe19,050individualswhoattendedthegame,5,149were
from outside Northwest Arkansas. The game was played at 1 pm on a Saturday. The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $42.91 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $220,947 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused458hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVAUBURN(JAN25)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 22.3 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas.Thismeansthatofthe12,794individualswhoattendedthegame,2,857were
fromoutsideNorthwestArkansas.Thegamewasplayedat8pmonaWednesday.The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $36.85 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $105,271 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused104hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVVANDERBILT(JAN31)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 24.3 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas.Thismeansthatofthe13,678individualswhoattendedthegame,3,328were
from outside Northwest Arkansas. The game was played at 8 pm on a Tuesday. The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $47.67 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $158,643 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused138hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVSOUTHCAROLINA(FEB11)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 34.8 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas.Thismeansthatofthe16,100individualswhoattendedthegame,5,597were
fromoutsideNorthwestArkansas.Thegamewasplayedat12:30pmonaSaturday.The
32
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $49.43 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $276,650 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused292hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVFLORIDA(FEB18)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 39.6 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas.Thismeansthatofthe18,913individualswhoattendedthegame,7,492were
from outside Northwest Arkansas. The game was played at 5 pm on a Saturday. The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $39.18 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $293,536 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused623hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVALABAMA(FEB23)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 27.0 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas.Thismeansthatofthe12,320individualswhoattendedthegame,3,327were
from outside Northwest Arkansas. The game was played at 6 pm on a Thursday. The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $40.17 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $133,647 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused209hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVOLEMISS(FEB28)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 26.1 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas.Thismeansthatofthe12,378individualswhoattendedthegame,3,226were
from outside Northwest Arkansas. The game was played at 6 pm on a Tuesday. The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $48.00 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $154,856 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused141hotelormotelroomnights.
ATTENDANCE
Using the information from the surveys above, researchers from the Center were able to
provideestimatesofvisitorsathomebasketballgamesthatcamefromoutsideNorthwest
Arkansas. On average, 24.9 percent of game attendees on weekdays came from outside
Northwest Arkansas and 33.8 percent of attendees on weekends came from outside
NorthwestArkansas.Inall,ofthe235,498attendeesatallhomebasketballgamesduring
the 2011‐12 season, 69,652 or 29.6 percent of attendees came from outside Northwest
Arkansas.
33
TABLE24:2011‐12ATTENDANCEATRAZORBACKBASKETBALLGAMES
2011‐12 Attendance at Razorback Basketball Games Game Date 4‐Nov‐11 8‐Nov‐11 11‐Nov‐11 16‐Nov‐11 22‐Nov‐11 26‐Nov‐11 30‐Nov‐11 17‐Dec‐11 20‐Dec‐11 22‐Dec‐11 28‐Dec‐11 30‐Dec‐11 3‐Jan‐12 7‐Jan‐12 14‐Jan‐12 21‐Jan‐12 25‐Jan‐12 31‐Jan‐12 11‐Feb‐12 18‐Feb‐12 23‐Feb‐12 28‐Feb‐12 Total Opponent Texas AM‐Comm. Christian Bro. USC‐Upstate Oakland Utah St. Grambling St. Miss. Valley St. S. Eastern LA. E. Kentucky LA. Tech Charlotte TX. Southern Savannah St. Miss St. LSU Michigan Auburn Vanderbilt S Carolina Florida Alabama Ole Miss Attendees from NWA 4,303 3,003 8,668 6,005 5,405 3,641 5,030 5,627 5,630 6,005 9,585 6,090 4,654 8,437 9,506 13,901 9,937 10,350 10,503 11,421 8,993 9,152 165,846 Attendees from Outside NWA 2,197 997 4,425 1,995 1,795 1,859 1,670 2,873 1,870 1,995 3,184 3,110 1,546 4,307 4,853 5,149 2,857 3,328 5,597 7,492 3,327 3,226 69,652 Percent from Outside NWA 33.8% 24.9% 33.8% 24.9% 24.9% 33.8% 24.9% 33.8% 24.9% 24.9% 24.9% 33.8% 24.9% 33.8% 33.8% 27.0% 22.3% 24.3% 34.8% 39.6% 27.0% 26.1% Total Attendees 6,500 4,000 13,093 8,000 7,200 5,500 6,700 8,500 7,500 8,000 12,769 9,200 6,200 12,744 14,359 19,050 12,794 13,678 16,100 18,913 12,320 12,378 235,498 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformationandCenterforBusinessandEconomic
ResearchEstimates
SPENDINGBYVISITORS
Data collected from the surveys, provided per person estimates of spending by visitors
fromoutsideNorthwestArkansas.Onaveragevisitorsatweekdaygamesspent$43.17and
visitorsatweekendgamedaysspent$43.84.Whenthesedataareextrapolatedtoreflect
the spending patterns of 69,652 visitors from outside Northwest Arkansas, the visitors
spent$3,029,098intheNorthwestArkansaseconomyoranaverageof$137,686pergame.
Thisspendingonlyincludestheexpendituresofattendeesoutsidethebasketballstadium
and,assuch,doesnotincludespendingontickets,merchandiseandconcessions.
34
TABLE25:2011‐12SPENDINGBYVISITORSATRAZORBACKBASKETBALLGAMES
2011‐12 Spending by Visitors at Razorback Basketball Games Game Date Opponent 4‐Nov‐11 8‐Nov‐11 11‐Nov‐11 16‐Nov‐11 22‐Nov‐11 26‐Nov‐11 30‐Nov‐11 17‐Dec‐11 20‐Dec‐11 22‐Dec‐11 28‐Dec‐11 30‐Dec‐11 3‐Jan‐12 7‐Jan‐12 14‐Jan‐12 21‐Jan‐12 25‐Jan‐12 31‐Jan‐12 11‐Feb‐12 18‐Feb‐12 23‐Feb‐12 28‐Feb‐12 Total Average Texas AM‐Comm. Christian Bro. USC‐Upstate Oakland Utah St. Grambling St. Miss. Valley St. S. Eastern LA. E. Kentucky LA. Tech Charlotte TX. Southern Savannah St. Miss St. LSU Michigan Auburn Vanderbilt S Carolina Florida Alabama Ole Miss Average Spending per Person $ 43.84 $ 43.17 $ 43.84 $ 43.17 $ 43.17 $ 43.84 $ 43.17 $ 43.84 $ 43.17 $ 43.17 $ 43.17 $ 43.84 $ 43.17 $ 43.84 $ 43.84 $ 42.91 $ 36.85 $ 47.67 $ 49.43 $ 39.18 $ 40.17 $ 48.00 $ 43.49 Total Spending for all Visitors $ 96,318 $ 43,056 $ 194,014 $ 86,113 $ 77,501 $ 81,500 $ 72,119 $ 125,954 $ 80,731 $ 86,113 $ 137,447 $ 136,327 $ 66,737 $ 188,842 $ 212,774 $ 220,947 $ 105,271 $ 158,643 $ 276,650 $ 293,537 $ 133,648 $ 154,857 $ 3,029,098 $ 137,686 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
SALESTAXESPAIDBYVISITORS
Using the visitor spending data above, researchers were able to estimate the sales taxes
paid by visitors to the Northwest Arkansas area who were attending home basketball
games. For the purpose of this study, the spending per game was used to calculate sales
taxesaccruedtothestateatthesalestaxrateof6.0percentandthesalestaxesaccruedto
countyandlocalgovernmentsinNorthwestArkansasatanaveragerateof3.0percent.The
estimateprovidedbelowisconservativeassomelocalitieshaveadditionaltaxescollected
for hotel and motel rooms and prepared food purchased. In addition, liquor excise taxes
andgasolinetaxesarealsonotestimated.The69,652visitorspaid$181,746instatesales
35
taxes and $90,873 in local sales taxes for a total of $272,619 in sales tax dollars for this
region.
TABLE26:2011‐12SALESTAXESPAIDBYVISITORSATRAZORBACKBASKETBALLGAMES
2011‐12 Sales Taxes Paid by Visitors at Razorback Basketball Games Game Date Opponent State Taxes Paid 4‐Nov‐11 Texas AM‐Comm. $ 5,779 8‐Nov‐11 Christian Bro. $ 2,583 11‐Nov‐11 USC‐Upstate $ 11,641 16‐Nov‐11 Oakland $ 5,167 22‐Nov‐11 Utah St. $ 4,650 26‐Nov‐11 Grambling St. $ 4,890 30‐Nov‐11 Miss. Valley St. $ 4,327 17‐Dec‐11 S. Eastern LA. $ 7,557 20‐Dec‐11 E. Kentucky $ 4,844 22‐Dec‐11 LA. Tech $ 5,167 28‐Dec‐11 Charlotte $ 8,247 30‐Dec‐11 TX. Southern $ 8,180 3‐Jan‐12 Savannah St. $ 4,004 7‐Jan‐12 Miss St. $ 11,331 14‐Jan‐12 LSU $ 12,766 21‐Jan‐12 Michigan $ 13,257 25‐Jan‐12 Auburn $ 6,316 31‐Jan‐12 Vanderbilt $ 9,519 11‐Feb‐12 S Carolina $ 16,599 18‐Feb‐12 Florida $ 17,612 23‐Feb‐12 Alabama $ 8,019 28‐Feb‐12 Ole Miss $ 9,291 Total $ 181,746 *Local tax average of 3 percent is used. Local Taxes Paid* $ 2,890 $ 1,292 $ 5,820 $ 2,583 $ 2,325 $ 2,445 $ 2,164 $ 3,779 $ 2,422 $ 2,583 $ 4,123 $ 4,090 $ 2,002 $ 5,665 $ 6,383 $ 6,628 $ 3,158 $ 4,759 $ 8,300 $ 8,806 $ 4,009 $ 4,646 $ 90,873 Total Taxes Paid $ 8,669 $ 3,875 $ 17,461 $ 7,750 $ 6,975 $ 7,335 $ 6,491 $ 11,336 $ 7,266 $ 7,750 $ 12,370 $ 12,269 $ 6,006 $ 16,996 $ 19,150 $ 19,885 $ 9,474 $ 14,278 $ 24,899 $ 26,418 $ 12,028 $ 13,937 $ 272,619 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
In addition, using data provided by the Athletic Department, visitors and residents paid
$73,322insalestaxestothestateandlocalgovernmentsonthepurchasesofmerchandise
andconcessionswhileinsidethearena.ThesalestaxrateusedisfromFayetteville,sinceall
merchandise and concession rates were made in Fayetteville. The local merchandise tax
rate is 3.25 percent which reflects the Washington County and Fayetteville sales tax rate
and the local concessions tax rate is 5.25 percent which reflects the Washington County
andFayettevillesalestaxrateandtheFayettevillepreparedfoodtax.
36
TABLE27:2011‐12SALESTAXESONCONCESSIONSANDMERCHANDISEATRAZORBACKBASKETBALL
GAMES
2011‐12 Sales Taxes on Concessions and Merchandise at Razorback Basketball Games Game Date Opponent Concessions Concessions Merchandise Merchandise State Sales Local Sales State Sales Local Sales Taxes Taxes* Taxes Taxes* 4‐Nov‐11 Texas AM‐Comm. $ 797 $ 697 $ 1,400 $ 758 8‐Nov‐11 Christian Bro. $ 390 $ 342 $ 130 $ 71 11‐Nov‐11 USC‐Upstate $ 1,278 $ 1,118 $ 1,452 $ 786 16‐Nov‐11 Oakland $ 717 $ 627 $ 365 $ 198 22‐Nov‐11 Utah St. $ 741 $ 648 $ 466 $ 252 26‐Nov‐11 Grambling St. $ 523 $ 458 $ 423 $ 229 30‐Nov‐11 Miss. Valley St. $ 621 $ 544 $ 343 $ 186 17‐Dec‐11 S. Eastern LA. $ 871 $ 762 $ 1,433 $ 776 20‐Dec‐11 E. Kentucky $ 753 $ 659 $ 996 $ 539 22‐Dec‐11 LA. Tech $ 810 $ 709 $ 962 $ 521 28‐Dec‐11 Charlotte $ 1,034 $ 905 $ 600 $ 325 30‐Dec‐11 TX. Southern $ 1,127 $ 986 $ 541 $ 293 3‐Jan‐12 Savannah St. $ 566 $ 496 $ 168 $ 91 7‐Jan‐12 Miss St. $ 1,232 $ 1,078 $ 730 $ 395 14‐Jan‐12 LSU $ 1,564 $ 1,368 $ 956 $ 518 21‐Jan‐12 Michigan $ 2,597 $ 2,273 $ 1,360 $ 737 25‐Jan‐12 Auburn $ 949 $ 830 $ 285 $ 154 31‐Jan‐12 Vanderbilt $ 1,085 $ 949 $ 434 $ 235 11‐Feb‐12 S Carolina $ 2,576 $ 2,254 $ 1,281 $ 694 18‐Feb‐12 Florida $ 2,545 $ 2,226 $ 1,618 $ 876 23‐Feb‐12 Alabama $ 1,356 $ 1,187 $ 515 $ 279 28‐Feb‐12 Ole Miss $ 1,172 $ 1,025 $ 326 $ 177 Total $ 25,305 $ 22,142 $ 16,784 $ 9,091 *Local sales tax rate of 5.25 percent is used on concessions and 3.25 percent is used on merchandise Total $ 3,653 $ 933 $ 4,634 $ 1,907 $ 2,108 $ 1,632 $ 1,694 $ 3,843 $ 2,947 $ 3,003 $ 2,863 $ 2,946 $ 1,321 $ 3,435 $ 4,407 $ 6,967 $ 2,219 $ 2,704 $ 6,806 $ 7,265 $ 3,337 $ 2,700 $ 73,322 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformationandCenterforBusinessandEconomic
ResearchEstimates
HOTELROOMSOCCUPIEDBYVISITORS
Datafromthesurveysofvisitorstohomebasketballgamesprovidedresearchersfromthe
Centerestimatesofthenumberofhotelormotelroomnightsoccupiedbyvisitorsatthe
games.Asexpected,gamesontheweekendresultedinmorehotelandmotelroomsbeing
occupiedbyvisitors.Inall,overthecourseof22gamedays,4,424hotelroomnightswere
occupiedbyvisitorstotheregion.
37
TABLE28:2011‐12HOTELROOMNIGHTSBYVISITORSATRAZORBACKBASKETBALLGAMES
2011‐12 Hotel Room Nights by Visitors at Razorback Basketball Games Game Date 4‐Nov‐11 8‐Nov‐11 11‐Nov‐11 16‐Nov‐11 22‐Nov‐11 26‐Nov‐11 30‐Nov‐11 17‐Dec‐11 20‐Dec‐11 22‐Dec‐11 28‐Dec‐11 30‐Dec‐11 3‐Jan‐12 7‐Jan‐12 14‐Jan‐12 21‐Jan‐12 25‐Jan‐12 31‐Jan‐12 11‐Feb‐12 18‐Feb‐12 23‐Feb‐12 28‐Feb‐12 Total Opponent Texas AM‐Comm. Christian Bro. USC‐Upstate Oakland Utah St. Grambling St. Miss. Valley St. S. Eastern LA. E. Kentucky LA. Tech Charlotte TX. Southern Savannah St. Miss St. LSU Michigan Auburn Vanderbilt S Carolina Florida Alabama Ole Miss Number of Rooms 164 46 331 92 83 139 77 215 86 92 147 232 71 322 363 458 104 138 292 623 209 141 4,424 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
MEALSEATENBYVISITORS
The survey instrument used by students from the Center for Business and Economic
Research also collected data on the number of meals eaten by visitors at the home
basketballgames.Usingthisinformation,researchersestimatedthatthevisitorsathome
basketball games ate 99,759 meals in Fayetteville and 11,008 meals in other Northwest
Arkansascities.Thevisitorsate26,614breakfasts,39,638lunchesand44,515dinnersin
NorthwestArkansasforatotalof110,766mealseatenoverthecourseof22gamedays.
38
TABLE29:2011‐12MEALSEATENBYVISITORSATRAZORBACKBASKETBALLGAMES
2011‐12 Meals Eaten by Visitors at Razorback Basketball Games Game Date Location Breakfast
Lunch Dinner Total 4‐Nov‐11 Texas AM‐Comm. Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA 974 116 157 54 1,963 234 314 107 283 97 824 99 263 90 1,274 152 295 101 314 107 501 171 1,379 165 243 83 1,910 228 2,152 257 3,086 458 207 207 862 319 1,544 113 242 50 3,111 227 484 99 436 89 1,307 96 406 83 2,020 148 454 93 484 99 773 158 2,186 160 375 77 3,028 221 3,412 249 4,798 445 487 166 871 259 1,511 103 424 71 3,043 208 848 143 763 129 1,278 87 710 120 1,976 135 795 134 848 143 1,354 228 2,138 146 657 111 2,962 202 3,338 228 4,273 404 1,170 166 1,750 259 4,029 332 823 175 8,117 669 1,647 349 1,482 314 3,410 281 1,379 292 5,269 435 1,544 327 1,647 349 2,628 557 5,703 470 1,276 271 7,900 652 8,901 734 12,157 1,307 1,863 538 3,483 836 8‐Nov‐11 Christian Bro. 11‐Nov‐11 USC‐Upstate 16‐Nov‐11 Oakland 22‐Nov‐11 Utah St. 26‐Nov‐11 Grambling St. 30‐Nov‐11 Miss. Valley St. 17‐Dec‐11 S. Eastern LA. 20‐Dec‐11 E. Kentucky 22‐Dec‐11 LA. Tech 28‐Dec‐11 Charlotte 30‐Dec‐11 TX. Southern 3‐Jan‐12 Savannah St. 7‐Jan‐12 Miss. St. 14‐Jan‐12 LSU 21‐Jan‐12 Michigan 25‐Jan‐12 Auburn 31‐Jan‐12 Vanderbilt 39
2011‐12 Meals Eaten by Visitors at Razorback Basketball Games Game Date 11‐Feb‐12 S. Carolina 18‐Feb‐12 Florida 23‐Feb‐12 Alabama 28‐Feb‐12 Ole Miss Total Location Breakfast
Lunch Dinner Total Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA Fayetteville
NWA 1,397 281 3,606 148 531 38 448 115 26,614 2,460 208 5,524 229 844 38 922 166 39,638 2,898 177 5,360 229 1,280 66 1,229 422 44,515 6,755 666 14,490 606 2,655 142 2,599 703 110,766 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
VISITORPLANSINFAYETTEVILLEANDNORTHWESTARKANSAS
VisitorsthatrespondedtothesurveysconductedbystudentsfromtheCenterforBusiness
andEconomicResearchprovidedinformationabouttheplansoftheirpartiesduringtheir
visittoattendabasketballgame.Theinformationderivedfromthesurveysabouttheplans
of visitors is provided by location in Fayetteville or other Northwest Arkansas cities.
Weekdaygamessaw38.6percentofvisitorspurchasefuelinFayettevilleand4.8percent
purchased fuel in other Northwest Arkansas cities. 14.3 percent of visitors to weekday
gamesalsowentretailshoppinginFayetteville,6.7percentpurchasedpackagedliquorand
6.5percentwenttobarsandnightclubs.Onweekends,43.9percentofvisitorspurchased
fuel,32.8wentretailshoppinginFayetteville,16.9percentwenttobarsandnightclubsand
16.6percentboughtpackagedliquorinFayetteville.
TABLE30:2011‐12PLANSOFVISITORSATRAZORBACKBASKETBALLGAMES
2011‐12 Plans of Visitors at Razorback Basketball Games Plans Fuel Retail Shopping Groceries, Tailgating Supplies Packaged Liquor Rent Vehicle Taxi Movies Bars/Nightclubs Others Weekday Weekend Fayetteville NWA Fayetteville NWA 38.6% 4.8% 43.9% 6.1% 14.3% 1.1% 32.8% 0.9% 3.2% 0.8% 10.3% 0.5% 6.7% 0.2% 16.6% 0.8% 0.8% 0.6% 3.4% 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 1.6% 0.0% 5.6% 1.9% 6.5% 0.2% 16.9% 0.5% 5.5% 0.5% 2.7% 0.0% Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
40
FOOTBALL
StudentsfromtheCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchwerepresentattwofootball
games to survey patrons that were attending the games. The games surveyed allowed
researchers from the Center to get spending data and this information was used to
extrapolatespendingestimatesforgamesthatwerenotsurveyed.Inall,therewere5game
days with home football games in Fayetteville during the 2011 season. Short summaries
are provided for each of the individual games surveyed, followed by detailed tables on
spendingestimatesforeveryhomefootballgame.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVSOUTHCAROLINA(NOV5)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 67.5 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas.Thismeansthatofthe73,804individualswhoattendedthegame,49,809were
fromoutsideNorthwestArkansas.Thegamewasplayedat6:15pmonaSaturday.The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $92.69 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $4,616,593 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused4,697hotelormotelroomnights.
SUMMARYOFSURVEYRESULTS:ARKANSASVTENNESSEE(NOV12)
According to information gathered from surveyors from the Center for Business and
Economic Research, 66.0 percent of game attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas.Thismeansthatofthe72,103individualswhoattendedthegame,48,266were
from outside Northwest Arkansas. The game was played at 5 pm on a Saturday. The
average visitor from outside Northwest Arkansas spent $111.06 during the visit. Center
researchers estimate that these individuals spent a total of $5,287,179 in the Northwest
Arkansaseconomy.Theout‐of‐regionvisitorsused7,010hotelormotelroomnights.
ATTENDANCE
Using the information from the surveys above, researchers from the Center were able to
provide estimates of visitors at home football games that came from outside Northwest
Arkansas. In all, of the 360,566 attendees at all home football games during the 2011
season,241,373or66.9percentcamefromoutsideNorthwestArkansas.
41
TABLE31:2011ATTENDANCEATRAZORBACKFOOTBALLGAMES
2011 Attendance at Razorback Football Games Game Date 3‐Sep‐11 17‐Sep‐11 8‐Oct‐11 5‐Nov‐11 12‐Nov‐11 Total Opponent Missouri St. Troy Auburn S. Carolina Tenn. Attendees from NWA 23,473 23,225 24,664 23,995 23,837 119,193 Attendees from Percent from Total Outside NWA Outside NWA Attendees 47,134 66.8% 70,607 46,636 66.8% 69,861 49,527 66.8% 74,191 49,809 67.5% 73,804 48,266 66.0% 72,103 241,373 360,566 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformationandCenterforBusinessandEconomic
ResearchEstimates
SPENDINGBYVISITORS
Data collected from the surveys, provided per person estimates of spending by visitors
from outside Northwest Arkansas. On average, visitors at the homegames spent $101.87
perperson.Whenthesedataareextrapolatedtoreflectthespendingpatternsof241,373
visitorsfromoutsideNorthwestArkansas,thevisitorsspent$24,502,183intheNorthwest
Arkansaseconomyoranaverageof$4,900,437pergame.Thisspendingonlyincludesthe
expenditures of attendees outside the football stadium and, as such, does not include
spendingontickets,merchandiseandconcessions.
TABLE32:2011SPENDINGBYVISITORSATRAZORBACKFOOTBALLGAMES
2011 Spending by Visitors at Razorback Football Games Game Date Opponent 3‐Sep‐11 17‐Sep‐11 8‐Oct‐11 5‐Nov‐11 12‐Nov‐11 Total Average Missouri St. Troy Auburn S. Carolina Tenn. Average Spending per Person $ 101.87 $ 101.87 $ 101.87 $ 92.69 $ 111.06 $ 101.87 Total Spending for all Visitors $ 4,801,802 $ 4,751,068 $ 5,045,541 $ 4,616,593 $ 5,287,179 $ 24,502,183 $ 4,900,437 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
42
SALESTAXESPAIDBYVISITORS
Using the visitor spending data above, researchers were able to estimate the sales taxes
paidbyvisitorstotheNorthwestArkansasareawhowereattendinghomefootballgames.
For the purpose of this study, the spending per game was used to calculate sales taxes
accruedtothestateatthesalestaxrateof6.0percentandthesalestaxesaccruedtocounty
and local governments in Northwest Arkansas at an average rate of 3.0 percent. The
estimate provide below is conservative as some localities have additional taxes collected
for hotel and motel rooms and prepared food purchased. In addition, liquor excise taxes
and gasoline taxes are also not estimated. The 241,373 visitors paid $1,470,131 in state
salestaxesand$735,065inlocalsalestaxesforatotalof$2,205,196insalestaxdollarsfor
thisregion.
TABLE33:2011SALESTAXESPAIDBYVISITORSATRAZORBACKFOOTBALLGAMES
2011 Sales Taxes Paid by Visitors at Razorback Football Game Game Date Opponent 3‐Sep‐11 State Taxes Paid $ 288,108 Missouri St. 17‐Sep‐11 Troy $ 285,064 8‐Oct‐11 Auburn $ 302,732 5‐Nov‐11 S. Carolina $ 276,996 12‐Nov‐11 Tenn. $ 317,231 Total Taxes for All $ 1,470,131 Games *Local tax average of 3% is used Local Taxes Paid* $ 144,054 Total Taxes Paid $ 432,162 $ 142,532 $ 151,366 $ 138,498 $ 158,615 $ 735,065 $ 427,596 $ 454,099 $ 415,493 $ 475,846 $ 2,205,196 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
In addition, using data provided by the Athletic Department, visitors and residents paid
$204,042 in sales taxes to the state and local governments on the purchases of
merchandise and concessions while inside the stadium. The sales tax rate used is from
Fayetteville, since all merchandise and concession rates were made in Fayetteville. The
local merchandise tax rate is 3.25 percent which reflects the Washington County and
Fayettevillesalestaxrateandthelocalconcessionstaxrateis5.25percentwhichreflects
theWashingtonCountyandFayettevillesalestaxrate,andtheFayettevillepreparedfood
tax.
43
TABLE34:2011SALESTAXESPAIDONCONCESSIONSANDMERCHANDISEATRAZORBACKFOOTBALL
GAMES
2011 Sales Taxes Paid on Concessions and Merchandise at Razorback Football Games Game Date Opponent Concessions Concessions Merchandise Merchandise Total State Sales Local Sales State Sales Local Sales Taxes Taxes* Taxes Taxes* 3‐Sep‐11 Missouri St. $19,743 $17,275 $6,089 $3,298 $46,406 17‐Sep‐11 Troy $15,494 $13,557 $7,394 $4,005 $40,450 8‐Oct‐11 Auburn $21,051 $18,420 $5,912 $3,202 $48,585 5‐Nov‐11 S. Carolina $13,548 $11,855 $6,677 $3,617 $35,696 12‐Nov‐11 Tenn. $13,368 $11,697 $5,085 $2,754 $32,904 Total $83,204 $72,804 $31,157 $16,877 $204,042
*Local sales tax rate of 5.25 percent is used on concessions and 3.25 percent is used on merchandise Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformationandCenterforBusinessandEconomic
ResearchEstimates
HOTELROOMSOCCUPIEDBYVISITORS
Data from the surveys of visitors to home football games provided researchers from the
Centerestimatesofthenumberofhotelormotelroomnightsoccupiedbyvisitorsatthe
games. As expected, visitors to football games occupied more hotel and motel rooms in
NorthwestArkansasthandidbothbaseballandbasketballvisitors.Inall,overthecourseof
5gamedays,28,870hotelroomnightswereoccupiedbyvisitorstotheregion.
TABLE35:2011HOTELROOMNIGHTSBYVISITORSATRAZORBACKFOOTBALLGAMES
2011 Hotel Room Nights by Visitors at Razorback Football Games Game 3‐Sep‐11
17‐Sep‐11
8‐Oct‐11
5‐Nov‐11
12‐Nov‐11
Total Opponent Missouri St. Troy Auburn S. Carolina Tenn. Number of Rooms 5,645 5,586 5,932 4,697 7,010 28,870 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
44
MEALSEATENBYVISITORS
The survey instrument used by students from the Center for Business and Economic
Researchalsocollecteddataonthenumberofmealseatenbyvisitorsatthehomefootball
games. Using this information, researchers estimated that the visitors at home football
games ate 836,965 meals in Fayetteville and 47,818 meals in other Northwest Arkansas
cities. The visitors ate 240,266 breakfasts, 309,684 lunches and 334,833 dinners in
NorthwestArkansasforatotalof884,783mealseatenoverthecourseof5gamedays.
TABLE36:2011MEALSEATENBYVISITORSATRAZORBACKFOOTBALLGAMES
2011 Meals Eaten by Visitors at Razorback Football Games Game 3‐Sep‐11 Missouri St. 17‐Sep‐11 Troy 8‐Oct‐11 Auburn 5‐Nov‐11 S. Carolina 12‐Nov‐11 Tenn. Total Location Breakfast Lunch Dinner Total Fayetteville
45,213 55,938 62,199 163,350 NWA 1,675 4,491 3,165 9,331 Fayetteville
44,735 55,347 61,542 161,624 NWA 1,657 4,444 3,131 9,232 Fayetteville
47,508 58,778 65,356 171,642 NWA 1,760 4,719 3,325 9,804 Fayetteville
52,941 65,678 68,783 187,402 NWA 1,698 5,546 3,795 11,039 Fayetteville
41,296 50,919 60,733 152,947 NWA 1,784 3,824 2,804 8,412 240,266 309,684 334,833 884,783 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
VISITORPLANSINFAYETTEVILLEANDNORTHWESTARKANSAS
VisitorsthatrespondedtothesurveysconductedbystudentsfromtheCenterforBusiness
and Economic Research provided information about the plans of their party during their
visittoattendafootballgame.Theinformationderivedfromthesurveysabouttheplansof
visitors is provided by location in Fayetteville or other Northwest Arkansas cities. 61.5
percentofvisitorspurchasedfuelinFayettevilleand13.4percentpurchasedfuelinother
NorthwestArkansascities.54.1percentofvisitorstofootballgamespurchasedpackaged
liquor,48.7percentpurchasedgroceriesortailgatingsupplies,40.0percentwenttobars
andnightclubsand37.7percentwentretailshopping,inFayetteville.
45
TABLE37:2011PLANSOFVISITORSATRAZORBACKFOOTBALLGAMES
2011 Plans of Visitors at Razorback Football Games Plans Fuel Retail Shopping Groceries, Tailgating Supplies Packaged Liquor Rent Vehicle Taxi Movies Bars/Nightclubs Others Fayetteville NWA 61.5% 13.4%
37.7% 7.9% 48.7% 2.8% 54.1% 3.2% 5.6% 0.4% 5.7% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 40.0% 0.3% 6.4% 1.0% Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
OVERALLECONOMICIMPACTOFVISITORSATRAZORBACKHOMEGAMES
Overthecourseof60gamedays,nearly720,000peopleattendedhomegamesinbaseball,
basketball and football. About 342,000 of these attendees were from outside Northwest
Arkansas and brought with them new economic activity to the Northwest Arkansas
economy. This economic activity resulted in the renting of 35,805 hotel or motel room
nightsandthepurchaseof1,065,106mealsinNorthwestArkansas.Theoveralleconomic
impactofthesevisitorsisestimateatnearly$30milliondollarsonanannualbasis.These
visitors also generated at least $2.66 million dollars in sales taxes for the state and local
governments.
TABLE38:2011‐12ECONOMICIMPACTOFVISITORSATRAZORBACKHOMEGAMES
2011‐12 Economic Impact of Visitors at Razorback Home Games Attendance from Outside NWA Total Attendance Percent from Outside NWA Hotel Rooms Occupied by Visitors Meals Eaten by Visitors Number of Game Days Average Spending by Visitors per Game Total Spending by Visitors Total Sales Taxes from Visitor Spending Baseball 30,967 192,817 16.1% 2,511 69,557 33 $62,036 $2,047,173 $184,246 Basketball 69,652 165,846 42.0% 4,424 110,766 22 $137,686 $3,029,098 $272,619 Football 241,193 360,566 66.9% 28,870 884,783 5 $4,900,437 $24,502,183 $2,205,196 Source:CenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchSurveysandEstimates
46
Total 341,812 719,229 35,805 1,065,106 60 $29,578,454 $2,662,061 CITYHOTEL,MOTEL,ANDRESTAURANT(HMR)TAXCOLLECTIONS
The four major cities in Northwest Arkansas, Fayetteville, Springdale, Rogers and
Bentonville are primary beneficiaries of the economic activity that is generated by the
342,000 people who visit the region to attend home basketball, baseball, and football
gamesattheUniversityofArkansas.Homebaseballandbasketballgamesdonotbringin
asmanyvisitorswhotakeuphotelandmotelroomsinNorthwestArkansas,butattendees
at football games during the fall (September through November) occupied some 28,870
hotelormotelroomnightsinthearea.Asaresult,inFayetteville,fallhoteltaxcollections
have been on average 14.2 percent higher than during the rest of the year since 2005,
peakingat22.0percenthigherin2011.Springdalehoteltaxcollectionshavealsobeen20.6
percent higher in the fall. Part of the higher fall average in Springdale is explained by a
hotel tax rate increase to 2.0 percent from 1.5 percent in September 2011. Hotel tax
collections in Rogers were also higher in the fall since 2005, at an average rate of 14.3
percent.Finally,Bentonvillehoteltaxcollectionswerealsohigherinthefallatanaverage
rate of 13.0 percent since 2005. The higher hotel tax collections are indicative of the
increased demand for hotel rooms in Northwest Arkansas as a result of the fall football
games. The following four charts show the comparisons of the fall and yearly hotel tax
collectionsinFayetteville,Springdale,RogersandBentonville.
47
FIGURE1:FAYETTEVILLEHOTELTAXCOLLECTIONS
Source:FayettevilleA&PCommissionandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates
FIGURE2:SPRINGDALEHOTELTAXCOLLECTIONS
Source:CityofSpringdaleandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates2
2PartofthehigherfallaverageinSpringdaleisexplainedbyahoteltaxrateincreaseto2.0percentfrom1.5
percentinSeptember2011.
48
FIGURE3:ROGERSHOTELTAXCOLLECTIONS
Source:RogersA&PCommissionandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates
FIGURE4:BENTONVILLEHOTELTAXCOLLECTIONS
Source:BentonvilleA&PCommissionandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates
49
ThemajorcitiesinNorthwestArkansasalsobenefiteconomicallyfromthemealseatenby
visitorstotheAthleticeventsontheUniversityofArkansascampus.Overthecourseof60
gamedaysontheUniversityofArkansascampus,morethan1.06millionmealsareeatenin
Northwest Arkansas by visitors to baseball, basketball and football games. The vast
majority of these meals, some 884,783 meals, are eaten by visitors to the fall football
games.Comparingtherestauranttaxcollections,alsocalledthepreparedfoodtax,wecan
understand the significant impact of these visitors on the local economy. In Fayetteville,
restauranttaxcollectionsareonaverage2percenthigherinthefallwhencomparedtothe
restoftheyear,whileinBentonville,restauranttaxcollectionsare3percenthigherthan
therestoftheyear.ThecitiesofSpringdaleandRogersdonotcollectthesetaxes.
FIGURE5:FAYETTEVILLERESTAURANTTAXCOLLECTIONS
Source:FayettevilleA&PCommissionandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates
50
FIGURE6:BENTONVILLERESTAURANTTAXCOLLECTIONS
Source:BentonvilleA&PCommissionandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates
NORTHWESTARKANSASHOTELOCCUPANCY
Similar to the story told by the hotel tax collections in Northwest Arkansas, the hotel
occupancy rates collected by local Advertising and Promotion (A&P) Commissions show
thathotelsinFayetteville,RogersandBentonvillehavehigheroccupancyinthefalldueto
theinfluxofvisitorstofootballgames.InFayetteville,hoteloccupancyis2.5percenthigher
inthefallthanitisduringtheyearwhilethefallhoteloccupancyrateis5.6percenthigher
inRogersand8.2percenthigherinBentonville.TheBentonvillerateissignificantlyhigher
because the fall 2011 hotel occupancy rate was 14.6 percent higher than the rest of the
year.Thishighrateinthefallof2011couldbeexplainedinpartbytheopeningofCrystal
BridgeinBentonville.Springdaledoesnotcompilehoteloccupancyrates.
51
FIGURE7:FAYETTEVILLEHOTELOCCUPANCYRATES
Source:FayettevilleA&PCommissionandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates
FIGURE8:ROGERSHOTELOCCUPANCYRATES
Source:RogersA&PCommissionandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates
52
FIGURE9:BENTONVILLEHOTELOCCUPANCYRATES
Source:BentonvilleA&PCommissionandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates
SALESTAXCOLLECTIONS
Visitors associated with the baseball, basketball and football games on the University of
Arkansas campus generate significant economic activity that is estimated at nearly $30
milliononanannualbasis.ThecitiesofNorthwestArkansascollecta2percentsalestaxon
the estimated $30 million dollars spent by visitors to the region. The 2 percent city sales
taxes yielded an estimated $594,527 from visitors to baseball, basketball and football
games.Thisrepresents0.6percentofthetotalsalestaxcollectionsofthefourmajorcities
in Northwest Arkansas. The average sales tax collections during the football season
(September‐November)aretypicallylowerthantheannualaveragesalestaxcollections,as
much Christmas and holiday shopping typically occurs in December. The sales tax
collectionsfromthesecitiesarepresentedinthefollowinggraphs.
53
FIGURE10:FAYETTEVILLESALESTAXCOLLECTIONS
Source:CityofFayettevilleandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates
FIGURE11:SPRINGDALESALESTAXCOLLECTIONS
Source:CityofSpringdaleandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates
54
FIGURE12:ROGERSSALESTAXCOLLECTIONS
Source:CityofRogersandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates
FIGURE13:BENTONVILLESALESTAXCOLLECTIONS
Source:CityofRogersandCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchEstimates
55
CONSTRUCTIONOFUNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETIC
DEPARTMENTFACILITIES
Construction is a regular occurrence on the University of Arkansas campus. The Athletic
Department has made several additions and modifications to athletic facilities over time
andtheseactivitiesproducesignificanteconomicimpactsforthelocalandstateeconomies.
ThissectiondetailstheconstructionprojectsthattheAthleticDepartmenthascompleted
andplanstoaccomplishinthefuture.Usinginformationonconstructioncostsassociated
with past, current and future projects, researchers from the Center for Business and
Economic Research used IMPLAN to generate an economic impact estimates for the
constructionactivity.
IMPLAN employs an input‐output approach to evaluate the economic impact of
construction activity in the state of Arkansas. This regional impact model enables the
evaluation of the economic impact of specific activities like construction within an
economy. The basic data sources for the current editionof theIMPLAN database and the
modelusedinthisstudyaretheInput‐OutputAccountsoftheUnitedStates,developedby
theU.S.DepartmentofCommerce,BureauofEconomicAnalysis(BEA),andcountyincome
and employment data published by BEA and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The
model reflects 2010 industrial structure and technology, and 2010 prices (trade flows in
the model are expressed in 2010 dollars) but economic impacts can be presented in
current dollars of the construction time period. IMPLAN uses a 525‐sector input/output
modeltomeasuretheeffectsofthreetypesofimpacts:direct,indirect,andinduced.Direct
impactsconsistofemploymentandpurchasesofgoodsandservicesintheregionresulting
fromtheactivitybeingevaluated,inthiscase,constructionontheUniversityofArkansas
campus. Indirect (inter‐industry)impacts consist ofgoods and services purchased by the
firms, which supply inputs consumed in the direct activity. Induced impacts consist of
increasedhouseholdpurchasesofgoodsandservicesintheregionbyemployeesofdirect
andindirectemployers.Themodelgeneratesmultipliers,whichsummarizethemagnitude
oftheindirectandinducedeffectsgeneratedbyagivendirectchange,toestimatechanges
in output, income, and employment. In other words, the multiplier is the ratio of total
impacttodirectimpact.
COMPLETEDUNIVERSITYOFATHLETICDEPARTMENTCONSTRUCTION
From2002to2011,theAthleticDepartmentembarkedonnumerousconstructionprojects
which have made additions or improvements to facilities on the University of Arkansas
campus. These improvements and additions have affected the facilities of sports like
football,soccer,gymnastics,andtrackandfield,amongothers.Thetablebelowshowsthe
breakdown of spending on construction by project and year. In total, between 2002 and
2011, the Athletic Department spent $164,825,727 on construction projects on the
University of Arkansas campus. One of the biggest items on this expenditure was
improvementsandadditionsmadeattheDonaldW.ReynoldsRazorbackStadium.
56
UsingIMPLAN,researchersfromtheCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchwereable
to estimate the economic impact of the construction activity by year of construction. The
tablebelowshowsthattheconstructionactivityfrom2002to2011produced2,024direct
jobs and 3,341 total jobs when indirect and induced impacts are considered. The
construction produced $104,032,578 in labor income and a total economic impact of
$288,653,131duringthe2002to2011timeperiod.Allthedollarvaluesshowninthetable
reflectcurrentdollarsoftheyearwhentheconstructionoccurred.
TABLE39:2002‐2011UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICDEPARTMENTCONSTRUCTION
2002‐2011 University of Arkansas Athletic Department Construction Year Expense 2002 Razorback Stadium Soccer Stadium 2003 Razorback Stadium 2004 Razorback Stadium Razorback Stadium Westside Façade Bev Lewis Gymnastics Center Baum Stadium Tyson Indoor Track Bud Walton Arena Golf Practice Facility 2005 Bud Walton Arena Tyson Indoor Track 2006 Razorback Stadium Track Storage Building Strength Training Facility Broyles Athletic Center 2007 Baum Stadium Razorback Ticket Office/Raz. Found John McDonnell Outdoor Track Barnhill Arena 2008 Razorback Stadium John McDonnell Outdoor Track Baum Stadium Bud Walton Arena John McDonnell Outdoor Track Tennis Center Razorback Ticket Office/Raz. Found 2009 Broyles Athletic Center John McDonnell Outdoor Track UA Expenses $ 81,636,407 $ 932,702 $ 1,940,855 $ 7,018,367 $ 4,519,011 $ 91,961 $ 14,602,262 $ 1,524,113 $ 296,188 $ 53,583 $ 303,707 $ 185,251 57
Razorback Foundation $ 20,587,478 $ 665,876 $ 3,152,301 $ 79,175 $ 558,777 $ 765,386 $ 173,617 $ 572,996 $ 553,000 $ 540,999 $ 4,416,945 $ 1,542,494 $ 71,140 $ 464,961 $ 413,617 $ 2,199,387 $ 22,562 $ 582,872 Total $ 81,636,407 $ 932,702 $ 20,587,478 $ 665,876 $ 1,940,855 $ 7,018,367 $ 3,152,301 $ 79,175 $ 558,777 $ 765,386 $ 173,617 $ 572,996 $ 553,000 $ 540,999 $ 4,519,011 $ 91,961 $ 4,416,945 $ 1,542,494 $ 14,602,262 $ 1,524,113 $ 296,188 $ 53,583 $ 71,140 $ 464,961 $ 413,617 $ 2,199,387 $ 22,562 $ 303,707 $ 768,123 2002‐2011 University of Arkansas Athletic Department Construction Year Expense UA Expenses Razorback Stadium Bud Walton Arena Dill Tennis Center Bogle Softball Stadium 2010 Tennis Center 2011 Baum Stadium Baum Stadium Fencing Total $ 56,030 $ 1,935,401 $ 1,619,000 $ 10,303,745 $ 178,189 $ 204,000 $ 127,400,772 Razorback Foundation $ 61,376 $ 37,424,956 Total $ 56,030 $ 1,935,401 $ 1,619,000 $ 10,303,745 $ 61,376 $ 178,189 $ 204,000 $ 164,825,727 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
TABLE40:ECONOMICIMPACTOFCOMPLETEDUNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICDEPARTMENT
CONSTRUCTION
Economic Impact of Completed University of Arkansas Athletic Department Construction Year Impact Type 2002 Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect 2003 Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect 2004 Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect 2005 Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect 2006 Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect 2007 Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Employment Labor Income 1,115.00 345.4 380.3 1,840.70 271.8 84.2 92.7 448.6 176.8 54.8 60.3 291.8 8.5 2.6 2.9 14.1 60.4 18.7 20.6 99.7 216.7 67.1 73.9 $31,870,476 $12,561,004 $10,476,169 $54,907,650 $7,931,090 $3,125,854 $2,607,035 $13,663,979 $5,304,142 $2,090,504 $1,743,529 $9,138,175 $265,020 $104,451 $87,115 $456,586 $1,932,537 $761,664 $635,246 $3,329,447 $7,137,744 $2,813,175 $2,346,253 58
Value Added $39,777,077 $18,466,576 $19,191,711 $77,435,365 $9,898,679 $4,595,478 $4,775,931 $19,270,088 $6,620,023 $3,073,357 $3,194,040 $12,887,420 $330,767 $153,559 $159,589 $643,915 $2,411,971 $1,119,762 $1,163,732 $4,695,464 $8,908,514 $4,135,793 $4,298,195 Output $82,569,109 $33,183,423 $32,006,554 $147,759,088 $20,587,478 $8,244,196 $7,998,223 $36,829,898 $14,180,736 $5,563,854 $5,359,984 $25,104,575 $746,612 $279,149 $267,108 $1,292,868 $5,704,971 $2,043,660 $1,941,159 $9,689,790 $22,085,813 $7,536,984 $7,175,098 Economic Impact of Completed University of Arkansas Athletic Department Construction Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Impact Type Total Effect Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect Employment Labor Income 357.8 32.7 10.1 11.2 54.0 138.4 42.9 47.2 228.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 3.2 1 1.1 5.4 2,024.0 627.0 690.4 3,341.5 $12,297,172 $1,102,159 $434,390 $362,291 $1,898,840 $4,708,632 $1,855,797 $1,547,778 $8,112,208 $18,703 $7,371 $6,148 $32,223 $113,939 $44,906 $37,453 $196,298 $ 60,384,442
$ 23,799,116
$ 19,849,017
$ 104,032,578
Value Added Output $17,342,502 $1,375,588 $638,619 $663,696 $2,677,904 $5,876,775 $2,728,303 $2,835,437 $11,440,515 $23,343 $10,837 $11,263 $45,443 $142,205 $66,019 $68,611 $276,835 $ 75,364,942 $ 34,988,303 $ 36,362,205 $ 146,715,451 $36,797,894 $3,521,438 $1,177,117 $1,119,114 $5,817,668 $14,986,006 $4,922,023 $4,736,930 $24,644,960 $61,376 $19,720 $18,845 $99,941 $382,189 $120,179 $114,081 $616,449 $ 164,825,727 $ 63,090,305 $ 60,737,096 $ 288,653,131 2012UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICDEPARTMENTCONSTRUCTION
In 2012, the Athletic Department is constructing a Football Center on the University of
Arkansascampus.Thefacilitywillincludeanewlockerroom,teammeetingrooms,athletic
trainingroom,equipmentroom,astudent‐athleteloungeandstudyarea,coaches’offices,a
recruitingreceptionareaandafootballmuseum.Theprojectalsoinvolvestherelocationof
thefootballtrainingfields.AccordingtotheAthleticDepartment,theproject,whichwillbe
completed in time for the 2012 season, is estimated to cost $40 million. Using IMPLAN,
researchers from the Center for Business and Economic Research estimate that this
construction activity generates 340 jobs in direct employment and 561 jobs in overall
employment when indirect andinduced jobs are added. Detailed employment in the top
ten industries affected is provided in the Appendix. The overall economic impact of the
2012constructionactivityoftheAthleticDepartmentisestimatedat$64,517,706.
59
TABLE41:ECONOMICIMPACTOF2012UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICDEPARTMENT
CONSTRUCTION
Economic Impact of 2012 University of Arkansas Athletic Department Construction Impact Type Employment
Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect 339.6 105.2 115.9 560.7 Labor Value Income Added $11,924,841 $14,883,221
$4,699,898 $6,909,560 $3,919,824 $7,180,882 $20,544,563 $28,973,664
Output $40,000,000 $12,577,935 $11,939,771 $64,517,706 PLANNEDUNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICDEPARTMENTCONSTRUCTION
In2011,theAthleticDepartmentreleasedaFacilitiesMasterPlanwhichprovidesalong‐
termvisionofthefutureimprovementstoathleticfacilitiesontheUniversityofArkansas
campus.Theplanwascoordinatedwiththeoverallcampusgrowthplanandisintendedto
meet the long term needs of the student‐athletes, coaches, fans and donors. The plan
includesarangeofestimatedcostbasedonsquarefootageprojects.Thetwentyyearplan
is estimated cost between $212,300,000 and $264,950,000 to complete and affects the
facilitiesofawiderangeofsportsattheUniversityofArkansascampus.Atableisprovided
below that lists the facilities improvements planned over the next twenty years and cost
estimates associated with each project. Further information provided by the Athletic
Departmentindicatedthatprojectsworthabout$150million,listedinthetwentyyearplan
are expected to be completed between 2012 and 2017. This study will only consider the
economic impact of construction to be carried out over this five year range, worth $150
million.
UsingIMPLAN,researchersfromtheCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchestimate
that the five year construction activity, worth $150 million in 2012 dollars will generate
1,221jobsindirectemploymentand2,016jobsinoverallemploymentwhenindirectand
inducedjobsareadded.Detailedemploymentinthetoptenindustriesaffectedisprovided
in the Appendix. The overall economic impact of the current construction activity of the
AthleticDepartmentisestimatedat$239,740,103.
60
TABLE42:UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICDEPARTMENT20YEARCONSTRUCTIONMASTERPLAN
University of Arkansas Athletic Department 20 Year Construction Master Plan Project Basketball Practice Facility Academic and Dining Building Baseball/ Track Training Facility Reynolds Razorback Stadium North Baum Stadium Expansion Walton Arena Improvements 5,000 Seat Competition Venue John McDonnell Field Expansion Bogle Park Expansion Billingsley Tennis Center Expansion Outdoor Swimming Expansion Indoor Swimming Expansion Smith Golf Center Total Estimate Low Cost Estimate $ 20,000,000 $ 18,000,000 $ 11,500,000 $ 78,000,000 $ 15,500,000 $ 41,000,000 $ 18,000,000 $ 4,250,000 $ 750,000 $ 500,000 $ 3,000,000 $ 300,000 $ 1,500,000 $ 212,300,000 High Cost Estimate $ 25,000,000 $ 23,000,000 $ 14,000,000 $ 95,000,000 $ 19,000,000 $ 51,500,000 $ 23,000,000 $ 5,100,000 $ 1,500,000 $ 1,250,000 $ 3,500,000 $ 600,000 $ 2,500,000 $ 264,950,000 Source:UniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentInformation
TABLE43:ECONOMICIMPACTOF2012‐2017PLANNEDUNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETIC
DEPARTMENTCONSTRUCTION
Economic Impact of 2012‐2017 Planned University of Arkansas Athletic Department Construction Impact Type Employment Direct Effect Indirect Effect Induced Effect Total Effect 1,221.20 378.3 416.6 2,016.10 Labor Value Added Income $43,748,056 $54,601,314 $17,242,277 $25,348,755 $14,380,458 $26,344,133 $75,370,791 $106,294,202
61
Output $150,000,000 $46,181,346 $43,558,749 $239,740,103 OVERALLECONOMICIMPACT
Considering all the economic impacts detailed in this report, researchers are able to
estimate an economic impact of the activities of the University of Arkansas Athletic
Department. The majority of the economic benefits of the activities of the Athletic
DepartmentaccruetotheNorthwestArkansasregion.Thesebenefitsarealsocalculatedon
anannualbasisandthereforerepresenttheamountoftheeconomicactivitygeneratedfor
one year. The Athletic Department had direct expenditures of $84,748,274 and total
economicimpactof$124,065,968,whilevisitorstohomebaseball,basketballandfootball
gamesgeneratedanadditional$29,578,454.Intotal,thisgeneratedaneconomicimpactof
$153,644,422onanannualbasis3.Theeconomicmultiplierassociatedwiththisimpactis
1.81,whichmeansthateverydollarinAthleticDepartmentexpendituresgenerated$1.81
inbenefits.TheAthleticDepartmentemploys260individualsonafull‐timebasisand982
peopleonapart‐timeorhourlybasis.
As part of this economic impact, activities of the Athletic Department generated tax
revenue worth $4,895,918 to state and local governments. Taxes collected by the state
(income and sales taxes) accounted for $3,723,606 and local governments collected
$1,172,312insalestaxes.
ConstructionactivityattheUniversityofArkansasAthleticDepartmentalsoprovidedand
will continue to provide significant one‐time benefits. The current construction on the
University of Arkansas campus supports 561 jobs and generates an economic impact of
$64,517,706andplannedconstructionoverthenextfiveyearswillsupport2,016jobsand
generate$239,740,103ineconomicactivity.
TABLE44:ANNUALECONOMICIMPACTOFTHEUNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICDEPARTMENT
Annual Economic Impact of the University of Arkansas Athletic Department Item Expenditures of the Athletic Department Expenditures Economic Impact Revenues of the Athletic Department Visitor Economic Impact Total Economic Impact (Expenditures and Visitor Impact) Economic Multiplier Amount $ 84,748,274 $ 124,065,968 $ 89,917,612 $ 29,578,454 $ 153,644,422 1.81 3Expenditurescamefrom2010‐11data,whilevisitorimpactcamefromthe2011‐12season.Assumingthat
expendituresremainedconstant,thisestimaterepresentstheannualimpact.
62
APPENDIX
ATHLETICECONOMICIMPACTSURVEY
Script:
Excuseme,areyouastudent?(Iftheintervieweeanswersyes,moveontoanotherpotential
interviewee.)
Hello,mynameis______andIamfromtheCenterforBusinessandEconomicResearchatthe
UniversityofArkansas.WeareconductingastudytoestimatetheimpactoftheUniversityof
ArkansasAthleticProgramandIwaswonderingifIcouldaskyouafewquestions.Shouldyou
choosetoparticipate;allinformationwillbekeptconfidentialtotheextentallowedbylawand
Universitypolicy.Nopersonallyidentifyinginformationwillbeusedinanypublicationresulting
fromthisresearch.Youareundernoobligationtoansweranyparticularquestion,andyoumay
ceaseparticipationatanytime.MayIbegin?
SurveyInstructions:
Inthereplytoquestion1,ifintervieweesindicatethattheirhometownisinNorthwestArkansas,
thankthemfortheirtimeandendthesurvey.
63
1.
What is your hometown and zip code? Hometown: _____________________ Zip: ________ 2.
How many people are in your party? (including yourself) Number of Adults: _____ Number of Children: _____ 3.
What event brought you to Fayetteville today? ___ University of Arkansas v _______ Game (Date) __ Other: ___________________ 4.
How many days do you plan on being in Northwest Arkansas? _____ # of Days 5.
If your party is staying overnight in Northwest Arkansas, please indicate the number of nights for each applicable type of accommodation. If your party is staying in a hotel/motel or in a RV park, please specify the number of rooms/sites your party is occupying each night. 6.
Hotel/Motel ___ Number of rooms ___ RV Park ___ Number of sites ___ Friends/Family ___ Other ___ __________________ Please indicate the city of your overnight accommodations and/or the name of the Hotel/Motel you stayed in if applicable. City: __________________________ Hotel/Motel: __________________________ 7.
Approximately how many times will your party purchase meals at Northwest Arkansas Restaurants? In Fayetteville? Breakfast __ (# of times) Lunch __ (# of times) Dinner __ (# of times) In other Northwest Arkansas cities? Breakfast __ (# of times) Lunch __ (# of times) Dinner __ (# of times) 8.
Do you plan on purchasing food, merchandise, programs, or anything else while at the event? If so, please indicate how much you plan to spend (excluding ticket purchase). ___ Yes If yes, amount: $ _______ ___ No Please indicate which of these your party plans to do while in Fayetteville or elsewhere in Northwest Arkansas: Fayetteville Other Northwest Arkansas 9.
Purchase Fuel (Car or airplane) ___Yes ___No ___Yes ___No Retail Shopping ___Yes ___No ___Yes ___No Buy Groceries/Tailgating Gear ___Yes ___No ___Yes ___No Purchase Packaged Liquor ___Yes ___No ___Yes ___No Rent a Vehicle ___Yes ___No ___Yes ___No Use a Taxi ___Yes ___No ___Yes ___No See a Movie ___Yes ___No ___Yes ___No Go to a Bar/Nightclub ___Yes ___No ___Yes ___No Other things (haircut, tattoo, etc.) ___Yes ___No ___Yes ___No Excluding payments for tickets and any money spent inside the stadium, approximately what is the TOTAL amount YOUR PARTY expects to spend in Northwest Arkansas on this trip? Total: $____________ Thank you. Please enjoy your stay. 64
EMPLOYMENTBYSECTORIMPACTSOFCOMPLETEDATHLETICCONSTRUCTION
The table below shows the employment impacts by sector of the construction of the
completedconstructionontheUniversityofArkansascampus.
TABLE45:EMPLOYMENTIMPACTOFCOMPLETEDUNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICDEPARTMENT
CONSTRUCTION
Employment Impact of Completed University of Arkansas Athletic Department Construction Sector 36 369 413 319 382 360 394 414 397 335 Description Construction of other new nonresidential structures Architectural, engineering, and related services Food services and drinking places Wholesale trade businesses Employment services Real estate establishments Offices of physicians, dentists, and other health practitioners Automotive repair and maintenance, except car washes Private hospitals Transport by truck Other Total Employment Labor Income Value Added 2,024.0 $ 60,384,442 $ 75,364,942 116.0 $ 5,515,327 $ 5,606,548 $ 9,554,035 99.8 52.1 48.3 47.8 42.0 $ 1,312,760 $ 2,878,907 $ 852,315 $ 449,769 $ 2,540,457 $ 2,047,948 $ 5,122,432 $ 918,528 $ 3,296,226 $ 2,623,403 $ 3,785,685 $ 7,469,387 $ 1,180,529 $ 3,806,062 $ 3,952,947 37.8 $ 1,138,141 $ 1,304,163 $ 2,109,869 37.1 36.7 799.9 3,341.5 $ 1,590,258 $ 1,519,603 $ 25,850,599 $ 104,032,578 $ 1,736,456 $ 1,833,307 $ 46,861,498 $ 146,715,451 $ 3,294,239 $ 3,431,994 $ 85,242,654 $ 288,653,131 65
Output $ 164,825,730 EMPLOYMENTBYSECTORIMPACTSOFCURRENTATHLETICCONSTRUCTION
The table below shows the employment impacts by sector of the construction of the
footballcenterontheUniversityofArkansascampus.
TABLE46:EMPLOYMENTIMPACTOF2012UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETICDEPARTMENT
CONSTRUCTION
Employment Impact of 2012 University of Arkansas Athletic Department Construction Sector 36 369 413 319 382 360 394 414 397 335 Description Employment
Construction of other new nonresidential structures Architectural, engineering, and related services Food services and drinking places Wholesale trade businesses Employment services Real estate establishments Offices of physicians, dentists, and other health practitioners Automotive repair and maintenance, except car washes Private hospitals Transport by truck Other Total 66
19.5 $1,089,178 $1,107,192 $1,948,272 16.8 8.7 8.1 8 7 $259,247 $568,533 $168,317 $88,822 $501,694 $404,433 $1,011,588 $181,393 $650,945 $518,075 $804,047 $1,253,106 $224,940 $741,034 $817,470 6.3 $224,762 $257,549 $451,870 6.2 6.2 134.3 560.7 339.6 Labor Value Output Income Added $11,924,841 $14,883,221 $40,000,000
$314,047 $342,919 $698,526 $300,094 $362,045 $691,494 $5,105,028 $9,254,304 $16,886,947
$20,544,563 $28,973,664 $64,517,706
EMPLOYMENTBYSECTORIMPACTSOFPLANNEDATHLETICCONSTRUCTION
Thetablebelowshowstheemploymentimpactsbysectoroftheplannedconstructionfrom
2012to2017ontheUniversityofArkansascampus.
TABLE47:EMPLOYMENTIMPACTOFPLANNED2012‐2017UNIVERSITYOFARKANSASATHLETIC
DEPARTMENTCONSTRUCTION
Employment Impact of Planned 2012‐2017 University of Arkansas Athletic Department Construction Sector Description Employment
36 Construction of other new nonresidential structures Architectural, engineering, and related services Food services and drinking places Wholesale trade businesses Employment services Real estate establishments Offices of physicians, dentists, and other health practitioners Automotive repair and maintenance, except car washes Private hospitals Transport by truck Other Total 369 413 319 382 360 394 414 397 335 Value Added Output 1,221.2 Labor Income $43,748,056
$54,601,314 $150,000,008
70 $3,995,812 $4,061,900 $7,250,888 60.3 31.4 29.2 28.8 25.3 $951,084 $2,085,747 $617,496 $325,855 $1,840,540 $1,483,723 $3,711,162 $665,466 $2,388,089 $1,900,635 $2,958,174 $4,434,214 $828,254 $2,752,406 $3,046,535 22.8 $824,574 $944,856 $1,666,840 22.3 22.2 482.6 2016.1 67
$1,152,129 $1,258,049 $2,593,636 $1,100,941 $1,328,217 $2,545,807 $18,728,557 $33,950,791 $61,663,341 $75,370,791 $106,294,202 $239,740,103