U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T
STA
ST
ATE OF COMM
COMMOD
ODIT
ITY
Y
2014
U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T
STATE OF COMMODITY
DEPENDENCE
2014
New York and Geneva, 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of contents
Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................................................... 7
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Sources ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
List of Countries ............................................................................................................................................... 16
List of Commodity-Dependent Developing Countries, 2012-2013........................................................................ 18
List of Net Food-Importing Developing Countries, 2012-2013 ............................................................................. 20
/LVWRI6WDQGDUG,QWHUQDWLRQDO7UDGH&ODVVLƂFDWLRQ7KLUG5HYLVLRQ&RGHV ............................................................. 22
'HYHORSLQJ&RXQWU\'HSHQGHQF\RQ&RPPRGLWLHVt0DS ................................................................. 25
REGIONAL OVERVIEW
Figure 1. Percentage of labour force and women’s labour force working in agriculture, by region, 2012-2013 .... 28
)LJXUH &RPPRGLW\H[SRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWYDOXHE\UHJLRQ ..... 28
)LJXUH &RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWKHJURVVGRPHVWLFSURGXFWE\UHJLRQ ................. 29
Figure 4. Developing country agricultural exports, by region, 2012-2013 .......................................................... 29
Figure 5. Developing country fuel exports, by region, 2012-2013 ..................................................................... 30
Figure 6. Developing country minerals, ores and metals exports, by region, 2012-2013 .................................... 30
)LJXUH ([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG ......................................... 31
Figure 8. Composition of commodity exports, by region, 2012-2013 ................................................................ 31
)LJXUH 1HWIRRGLPSRUWELOOE\UHJLRQPLOOLRQV86DQG.......................................... 32
Figure 10. Commodity export dependence and export concentration ratio in developing countries, 2012-2013 ..... 32
INDIVIDUAL PROFILES
Eastern Africa
Burundi .......................................................................................................................................................... 37
Comoros ......................................................................................................................................................... 38
Djibouti ........................................................................................................................................................... 39
Eritrea ............................................................................................................................................................ 40
(WKLRSLD .......................................................................................................................................................... 41
Kenya ............................................................................................................................................................. 42
0DGDJDVFDU.................................................................................................................................................... 43
0DODZL ........................................................................................................................................................... 44
0DXULWLXV ........................................................................................................................................................ 45
0R]DPELTXH ................................................................................................................................................... 46
5ZDQGD .......................................................................................................................................................... 47
6H\FKHOOHV ...................................................................................................................................................... 48
Somalia .......................................................................................................................................................... 49
6RXWK6XGDQ ................................................................................................................................................... 50
8JDQGD........................................................................................................................................................... 51
8QLWHG5HSXEOLFRI7DQ]DQLD ............................................................................................................................. 52
Zambia ........................................................................................................................................................... 53
Zimbabwe....................................................................................................................................................... 54
3
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
Middle Africa
Angola ............................................................................................................................................................ 57
Cameroon ....................................................................................................................................................... 58
&HQWUDO$IULFDQ5HSXEOLF .................................................................................................................................. 59
&KDG .............................................................................................................................................................. 60
Congo ............................................................................................................................................................ 61
'HPRFUDWLF5HSXEOLFRIWKH&RQJR.................................................................................................................... 62
(TXDWRULDO*XLQHD ............................................................................................................................................ 63
Gabon ............................................................................................................................................................ 64
Sao Tome and Principe .................................................................................................................................... 65
Northern Africa
Algeria............................................................................................................................................................ 69
Egypt .............................................................................................................................................................. 70
Libya .............................................................................................................................................................. 71
0RURFFR ......................................................................................................................................................... 72
Sudan ............................................................................................................................................................ 73
Tunisia............................................................................................................................................................ 74
Southern Africa
Botswana ....................................................................................................................................................... 77
/HVRWKR .......................................................................................................................................................... 78
Namibia .......................................................................................................................................................... 79
6RXWK$IULFD .................................................................................................................................................... 80
6ZD]LODQG ....................................................................................................................................................... 81
Western Africa
Benin ............................................................................................................................................................. 85
Burkina Faso ................................................................................................................................................... 86
Cabo Verde ..................................................................................................................................................... 87
Côte D’ivoire ................................................................................................................................................... 88
Gambia........................................................................................................................................................... 89
*KDQD ............................................................................................................................................................ 90
Guinea............................................................................................................................................................ 91
Guinea-Bissau ................................................................................................................................................ 92
Liberia ............................................................................................................................................................ 93
0DOL................................................................................................................................................................ 94
0DXULWDQLD ...................................................................................................................................................... 95
Niger .............................................................................................................................................................. 96
Nigeria ........................................................................................................................................................... 97
Senegal .......................................................................................................................................................... 98
Sierra Leone ................................................................................................................................................... 99
Togo ............................................................................................................................................................. 100
Caribbean
Antigua And Barbuda..................................................................................................................................... 103
%DKDPDV ...................................................................................................................................................... 104
Barbados ...................................................................................................................................................... 105
Cuba ............................................................................................................................................................ 106
Dominica ...................................................................................................................................................... 107
'RPLQLFDQ5HSXEOLF....................................................................................................................................... 108
Grenada ....................................................................................................................................................... 109
+DLWL ............................................................................................................................................................. 110
Jamaica ....................................................................................................................................................... 111
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Saint Kitts and Nevis...................................................................................................................................... 112
Saint Lucia.................................................................................................................................................... 113
6DLQW9LQFHQWDQGWKH*UHQDGLQHV ................................................................................................................... 114
Trinidad and Tobago ...................................................................................................................................... 115
Central America
%HOL]H ........................................................................................................................................................... 119
&RVWD5LFD .................................................................................................................................................... 120
El Salvador.................................................................................................................................................... 121
Guatemala .................................................................................................................................................... 122
+RQGXUDV ...................................................................................................................................................... 123
0H[LFR ......................................................................................................................................................... 124
Nicaragua ..................................................................................................................................................... 125
Panama ........................................................................................................................................................ 126
South America
Argentina ...................................................................................................................................................... 129
%ROLYLD3OXULQDWLRQDO6WDWHRI ......................................................................................................................... 130
%UD]LO ............................................................................................................................................................ 131
&KLOH ............................................................................................................................................................ 132
Colombia ...................................................................................................................................................... 133
Ecuador ........................................................................................................................................................ 134
Guyana ......................................................................................................................................................... 135
Paraguay ...................................................................................................................................................... 136
Peru ............................................................................................................................................................. 137
Suriname ...................................................................................................................................................... 138
8UXJXD\ ........................................................................................................................................................ 139
9HQH]XHOD%ROLYDULDQ5HSXEOLFRI .................................................................................................................. 140
Eastern Asia
&KLQD ........................................................................................................................................................... 143
'HPRFUDWLF3HRSOHpV5HSXEOLFRI.RUHD ........................................................................................................... 144
0RQJROLD ...................................................................................................................................................... 145
5HSXEOLFRI.RUHD .......................................................................................................................................... 146
Southern Asia
$IJKDQLVWDQ .................................................................................................................................................. 149
%DQJODGHVK................................................................................................................................................... 150
%KXWDQ ......................................................................................................................................................... 151
India ............................................................................................................................................................. 152
,UDQ,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI ................................................................................................................................ 153
0DOGLYHV ....................................................................................................................................................... 154
Nepal ........................................................................................................................................................... 155
Pakistan ....................................................................................................................................................... 156
Sri Lanka ...................................................................................................................................................... 157
South-Eastern Asia
Brunei Darussalam ........................................................................................................................................ 161
Cambodia ..................................................................................................................................................... 162
Indonesia ...................................................................................................................................................... 163
/DR3HRSOHpV'HPRFUDWLF5HSXEOLF ................................................................................................................. 164
0DOD\VLD ....................................................................................................................................................... 165
0\DQPDU ...................................................................................................................................................... 166
3KLOLSSLQHV .................................................................................................................................................... 167
5
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
Singapore ..................................................................................................................................................... 168
7KDLODQG ....................................................................................................................................................... 169
Timor-Leste .................................................................................................................................................. 170
Viet Nam ...................................................................................................................................................... 171
Western Asia
%DKUDLQ......................................................................................................................................................... 175
,UDT .............................................................................................................................................................. 176
Jordan .......................................................................................................................................................... 177
Kuwait .......................................................................................................................................................... 178
Lebanon ....................................................................................................................................................... 179
Oman ........................................................................................................................................................... 180
Qatar ............................................................................................................................................................ 181
Saudi Arabia ................................................................................................................................................. 182
6\ULDQ$UDE5HSXEOLF .................................................................................................................................... 183
Turkey ......................................................................................................................................................... 184
8QLWHG$UDE(PLUDWHV .................................................................................................................................... 185
Yemen ......................................................................................................................................................... 186
Oceania
Fiji ............................................................................................................................................................... 189
Kiribati ......................................................................................................................................................... 190
0DUVKDOO,VODQGV ........................................................................................................................................... 191
0LFURQHVLD)HGHUDWHG6WDWHVRI .................................................................................................................... 192
Nauru ........................................................................................................................................................... 193
Palau............................................................................................................................................................ 194
Papua New Guinea ........................................................................................................................................ 195
Samoa.......................................................................................................................................................... 196
Solomon Islands ............................................................................................................................................ 197
Tonga ........................................................................................................................................................... 198
Tuvalu .......................................................................................................................................................... 199
Vanuatu ........................................................................................................................................................ 200
6
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
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Decimal point
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Zero
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Per cent
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
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333
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86
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THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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of its frontiers or boundaries.
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9
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
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SOURCES
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,VODQGV6RPDOLD6RXWK6XGDQ6XGDQ7RQJD7XYDOX8QLWHG Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP,
Arab Emirates, Vanuatu and Zimbabwe.
2009/10 and 2012/13
Human Development Index (rank), 2013 and
6RXUFH 81&7$'6WDW
direction of change in ranking (2000-2013)
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LQWKHHTXDWLRQ\ a[E
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2013
Ô 7KHVLWXDWLRQRIWKHFRXQWU\GHWHULRUDWHGEHWZHHQ Î6WDELOLW\RIFRPPRGLW\GHSHQGHQFHD
and 2013
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2000 and 2013.
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11
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
Exports by commodity group as a percentage of
total commodity exports, 2009/10 and 2012/13
6RXUFH 81&7$'6WDW
8QLW 3HUFHQWDJH
'DWDH[WUDFWHG1RYHPEHU
1RWHV 'DWDSUHVHQWHGDUHDYHUDJHVRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWV
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cent due to rounding.
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– Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
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WKH6SHFLDO8QLWRQ&RPPRGLWLHV68&LQFRQVXOWDWLRQZLWK
WKH 6WDWLVWLFV %UDQFK 81&7$' $V D FRQVHTXHQFH VRPH
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UHSRUWDQGWKHRULJLQDOGDWDLQWKH81&7$'GDWDEDVH
'DWDQRWDYDLODEOHQD6RXWK6XGDQ
Five leading destination markets for commodity
exports as a percentage of commodity exports,
2009/10 and 2012/13
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8QLW 3HUFHQWDJH
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index), 2000 and 2013
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Three leading commodity exports as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2009/10 and 2012/13
6RXUFH 81&7$'6WDW
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1995-2009.
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market between exporters or importers.
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12
SOURCES
FOOD SECURITY
All food imports value as a percentage of
commodity import value (millions of US$),
2009/10 and 2012/13
6RXUFH 81&7$'6WDW
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Net food imports (millions of US$), 2009/10
and 2012/13
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food imports minus value of all food exports. All food
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Proportion of population below minimum level of
dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
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Nations Statistics Division
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13
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
In The State of Commodity Dependence Report 2014FRPPRGLW\GHSHQGHQFHLVGHƂQHGDVWKHUDWLRSHUFHQWDJHRIWKHYDOXH
RIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVWRWKHYDOXHRIPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWV$FRXQWU\LVFRQVLGHUHGWREHORQJWRWKHJURXSRIFRPPRGLW\
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%HVLGHVWKHJOREDOLQGLFDWRUVSUHVHQWHGLQWKHUHJLRQDORYHUYLHZFKDSWHUThe State of Commodity Dependence 2014 provides
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15
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
LIST OF COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: AFRICA
Developing economies: Eastern Africa
Burundi*
Comoros*
Djibouti*
Eritrea*
(WKLRSLD
Kenya
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Somalia*
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Zambia*
Zimbabwe
Developing economies: Middle Africa
Angola*
Cameroon
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Congo
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Gabon
Sao Tome and Principe*
Developing economies: Northern Africa
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
0RURFFR
Sudan*a
Tunisia
Developing economies: Southern Africa
Botswana
/HVRWKR
Namibia
6RXWK$IULFD
6ZD]LODQG
16
Developing economies: Western Africa
Benin*
Burkina Faso*
Cabo Verde
Côte d’Ivoire
Gambia*
*KDQD
Guinea*
Guinea-Bissau*
Liberia*
0DOL
0DXULWDQLD
Niger*
Nigeria
Senegal*
Sierra Leone*
Togo*
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: AMERICAS
Developing economies: Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda
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Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
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Grenada
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Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
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Trinidad and Tobago
Developing economies: Central America
%HOL]H
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El Salvador
Guatemala
+RQGXUDV
0H[LFR
Nicaragua
Panama
Developing economies: South America
Argentina
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LIST OF COUNTRIES
%UD]LO
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Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
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DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: ASIA
Developing economies: Eastern Asia
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0RQJROLD
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Developing economies: Southern Asia
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India
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Nepal*
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Developing economies: Western Asia
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Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
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Turkey
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Yemen*
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: OCEANIA
Fiji
Kiribati*
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Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
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Vanuatu*
Developing economies: South-Eastern Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia*
Indonesia
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WHUULWRULHVRI+RQJ.RQJ&KLQD0DFDR&KLQDDQG7DLZDQ3URYLQFH
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17
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
LIST OF COMMODITY-DEPENDENT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2012-2013
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: AFRICA
Developing economies: Eastern Africa
Burundi
Djibouti
Eritrea
(WKLRSLD
Kenya
0DGDJDVFDU
0DODZL
0R]DPELTXH
5ZDQGD
6H\FKHOOHV
Somalia
8JDQGD
8QLWHG5HSXEOLFRI7DQ]DQLD
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Developing economies: Middle Africa
Angola
Cameroon
&HQWUDO$IULFDQ5HSXEOLF
&KDG
Congo
'HPRFUDWLF5HSXEOLFRIWKH&RQJR
(TXDWRULDO*XLQHD
Gabon
Sao Tome and Principe
Developing economies: Northern Africa
Algeria
Libya
Developing economies: Southern Africa
Botswana
Namibia
6RXWK$IULFD
18
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
0DOL
0DXULWDQLD
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: AMERICAS
Developing economies: Caribbean
%DKDPDV
Cuba
Jamaica
Saint Lucia
Trinidad and Tobago
Developing economies: Central America
%HOL]H
Guatemala
Nicaragua
Developing economies: South America
Argentina
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Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
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Developing economies: Western Africa
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: ASIA
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cabo Verde
Côte d’Ivoire
Gambia
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Guinea
Developing economies: Eastern Asia
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0RQJROLD
Developing economies: Southern Asia
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LIST OF COMMODITY-DEPENDENT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2012-2013
Developing economies: South-Eastern Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
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DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: OCEANIA
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Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
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19
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
LIST OF NET FOOD-IMPORTING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES(a), 2012-2013
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: AFRICA
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: AMERICAS
Developing economies: Eastern Africa
Developing economies: Caribbean
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
0DXULWLXV
0R]DPELTXH
5ZDQGD
Somalia
Developing economies: Middle Africa
Angola
Cameroon
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'HPRFUDWLF5HSXEOLFRIWKH&RQJR
(TXDWRULDO*XLQHD
Gabon
Sao Tome and Principe
Developing economies: Northern Africa
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
0RURFFR
Sudan
Tunisia
Developing economies: Southern Africa
Botswana
/HVRWKR
6RXWK$IULFD
Developing economies: Western Africa
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cabo Verde
Gambia
Guinea
Liberia
0DOL
0DXULWDQLD
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Togo
20
Antigua and Barbuda
%DKDPDV
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
'RPLQLFDQ5HSXEOLF
Grenada
+DLWL
Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
6DLQW9LQFHQWDQGWKH*UHQDGLQHV
Trinidad and Tobago
Developing economies: Central America
El Salvador
0H[LFR
Developing economies: South America
Colombia
Suriname
9HQH]XHOD%ROLYDULDQ5HSXEOLFRI
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: ASIA
Developing economies: Eastern Asia
&KLQD
'HPRFUDWLF3HRSOHpV5HSXEOLFRI.RUHD
0RQJROLD
5HSXEOLFRI.RUHD
Developing economies: Southern Asia
$IJKDQLVWDQ
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%KXWDQ
,UDQ,VODPLF5HSXEOLFRI
0DOGLYHV
Nepal
Pakistan
Developing economies: South-Eastern Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
/DR3HRSOHpV'HPRFUDWLF5HSXEOLF
3KLOLSSLQHV
Singapore
Timor-Leste
Viet Nam
LIST OF COMMODITY-DEPENDENT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2012-2013
Developing economies: Western Asia
%DKUDLQ
,UDT
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
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Palau
Samoa
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21
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
LIST OF STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE CLASSIFICATION
(THIRD REVISION) CODES
[0] FOOD AND LIVE ANIMALS
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LIST OF STANDARD INTERNATIONAL TRADE CLASSIFICATION (THIRD REVISION) CODES
[1] BEVERAGES AND TOBACCO
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[2] CRUDE MATERIALS, INEDIBLE, EXCEPT FUELS
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23
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
[3] MINERAL FUELS, LUBRICANTS AND RELATED MATERIALS
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24
20%-40%
40%-60%
Note:
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise exports
Source: Special Unit on Commodities, UNCTAD, using data from UNCTADStat
0%-20%
60%-80%
80%-100%
DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEPENDENCY ON COMMODITIES, 2012–2013
DEVELOPING COUNTRY DEPENDENCY ON COMMODITIES,
2012–2013 (map)
25
REGIONAL OVERVIEW
1
28
Oceania
Western Asia
South-Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Eastern Asia
Oceania
Western Asia
South-Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Eastern Asia
South America
Central America
Caribbean
Western Africa
Southern Africa
Northern Africa
Middle Africa
Eastern Africa
Share of the population working in agriculture
South America
Central America
Caribbean
Western Africa
Southern Africa
Northern Africa
Middle Africa
Eastern Africa
LDCs
World
Per cent
100
LDCs
World
Per cent
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
FIGURE 1. PERCENTAGE OF LABOUR FORCE AND WOMEN’S LABOUR FORCE WORKING IN AGRICULTURE,
BY REGION, 2012-2013
Share of women working in agriculture
80
60
40
20
0
FIGURE 2. COMMODITY EXPORT VALUE AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL MERCHANDISE EXPORT VALUE,
BY REGION, 2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
REGIONAL OVERVIEW
FIGURE 3. COMMODITY EXPORTS AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT,
BY REGION, 2012-2013
100
Per cent
80
60
40
20
Oceania
Western Asia
South-Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Eastern Asia
South America
Central America
Caribbean
Western Africa
Southern Africa
Northern Africa
Middle Africa
Eastern Africa
LDCs
World
0
FIGURE 4. DEVELOPING COUNTRY AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, BY REGION, 2012-2013
100
60
40
20
Agricultural products exports as a percentage of total
commodity exports, by regional groupings, 2012-2013
Oceania
Western Asia
South-Eastern
Asia
Southern Asia
Eastern Asia
South America
Central America
Caribbean
Western Africa
Southern Africa
Northern Africa
Middle Africa
Eastern Africa
LDCs
0
World
Per cent
80
Share of individual country groupings in total developing
countries' agricultural product exports, 2012-2013
29
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
FIGURE 5. DEVELOPING COUNTRY FUEL EXPORTS, BY REGION, 2012-2013
100
Per cent
80
60
40
20
Oceania
Western Asia
South-Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Eastern Asia
South America
Central America
Caribbean
Western Africa
Southern Africa
Northern Africa
Middle Africa
Eastern Africa
LDCs
World
0
Fuel exports as a percentage of total commodity exports, by regional groupings, 2012-2013
Share of individual country groupings in total developing countries' fuel exports, 2012-2013
FIGURE 6. DEVELOPING COUNTRY MINERALS, ORES AND METALS EXPORTS, BY REGION, 2012-2013
100
Per cent
80
60
40
20
Minerals, ores and metals exports as a percentage of total commodity exports, by regional
groupings, 2012-2013
Share of individual country groupings in total developing countries' minerals, ores and metals
product exports, 2012-2013
30
Oceania
Western Asia
South-Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Eastern Asia
South America
Central America
Caribbean
Western Africa
Southern Africa
Northern Africa
Middle Africa
Eastern Africa
LDCs
World
0
REGIONAL OVERVIEW
FIGURE 7. EXPORT CONCENTRATION RATIO (HERFINDAHL-HIRSCHMANN INDEX), 2000 AND 2013
1
2000
2013
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Oceania
Western Asia
South-Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Eastern Asia
South America
Central America
Caribbean
Western Africa
Southern Africa
Northern Africa
Middle Africa
Eastern Africa
LDCs
World
0
100
2’500
80
2’000
60
1’500
40
1’000
20
500
0
In billion US$
Agricultural products
Fuels
Minerals, ores and metals
LDCs
Oceania
Asia
Latin America
and the Caribbean
0
Africa
Per cent
FIGURE 8. COMPOSITION OF COMMODITY EXPORTS, BY REGION, 2012-2013
Commodity export value, right axis
31
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
FIGURE 9. NET FOOD-IMPORT BILL BY REGION (MILLIONS US$), 2009-2010 AND 2012-2013
100’000
2009-2010
2012-2013
NET FOOD-IMPORTING COUNTRIES
In millions US$
50’000
0
-50’000
-100’000
Oceania
Western Asia
South-Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Eastern Asia
South America
Central America
Caribbean
Western Africa
Southern Africa
Northern Africa
Middle Africa
Eastern Africa
LDCs
-150’000
FIGURE 10. COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE AND EXPORT CONCENTRATION RATIO IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES, 2012-2013
Export concentration ratio
+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
20
40
60
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWGHSHQGHQFHSHUFHQW
Agriculture Commodity
exporting countries
32
Fuel exporting
countries
80
Minerals, ores and metals
exporting countries
100
INDIVIDUAL PROFILES
2
EASTERN AFRICA
36
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Rwanda
Seychelles
Somalia
United Republic
of Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Rwanda
Seychelles
Somalia
United Republic
of Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
100
Burundi
20
Uganda
0
Kenya
Madagascar
0
10
100
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Rwanda
Seychelles
Somalia
United Republic
of Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Rwanda
Seychelles
Somalia
United Republic
of Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Ethiopia
20
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise
exports, 2012-2013
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Rwanda
Seychelles
Somalia
United Republic
of Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Rwanda
Seychelles
Somalia
United Republic
of Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
Comoros
Mauritius
Eritrea
Somalia
Seychelles
80
Malawi
Rwanda
60
Zambia
Djibouti
40
Zimbabwe
United Republic
of Tanzania
Mozambique
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
30
40
50
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
100
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
EASTERN AFRICA
BURUNDI
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
27,830
27,830
66
75
9,233
9,850
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
PRESENT
6.5
4,314
4,647
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
52
52
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
87
84
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
56
56
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
3.8
1.90
2.16
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
203
213
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
*LQLLQGH[SHUFHQWDJHODWHVWDYDLODEOH\HDU
+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
Ô
COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
4.0
3.8
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
Ô
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
82
74
Agricultural raw materials
4
4
Fuels
1
1
13
21
86
81
&RIIHHDQGFRIIHHVXEVWLWXWHV
65
52
7HDDQGPDWH
13
18
8
11
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
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2UHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVRIEDVHPHWDOVQHVGold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates) (971)
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
79
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([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
42/12/10/8/7
0.6769
0.3599
-2
88
n.a.
n.a.
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
37
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
COMOROS
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
1,861
1,861
83
85
683
718
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
PRESENT
5.1
243
264
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
30
31
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
91
91
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
52
52
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
3.3
0.41
0.44
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
598
601
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
n.a.
*LQLLQGH[SHUFHQWDJHODWHVWDYDLODEOH\HDU
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COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
1.5
1.4
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
Ô
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
88
92
Agricultural raw materials
1
1
Fuels
–
–
11
7
98
99
87
91
*ROGQRQPRQHWDU\H[FOXGLQJJROGRUHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHV
7
7
1DWXUDOUXEEHUDQGVLPLODUJXPVLQSULPDU\IRUPVFerrous waste, scrape; remelting ingots, iron, steel (282)
4
1
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
6SLFHV
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
93
(XURSHDQ8QLRQ6LQJDSRUH8QLWHG$UDE(PLUDWHV8QLWHG6WDWHV,QGLD
([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
39/34/9/5/5
0.7558
0.5300
72
102
n.a.
n.a.
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
38
EASTERN AFRICA
DJIBOUTI
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
23,200
23,200
73
73
834
860
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
PRESENT
3.8
292
320
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
35
35
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
98
95
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
46
47
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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60
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47
47
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78
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86
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48
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52
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73
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219
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11,078
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35.3
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37.4
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9
15
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2
3
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1
2
89
80
85
82
76
74
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0.4437
0.5874
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34
48
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
53
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
ZIMBABWE
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
390,760
390,760
41
42
13,077
13,724
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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3.9
6,620
7,260
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
47
45
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
56
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
52
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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52
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29.5
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31.3
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44
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17
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14
14
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32
30
43
53
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21
33
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0.2794
0.2601
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43
32
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$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
54
MIDDLE AFRICA
Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
Sao Tome
and Principe
Angola
Gabon
Central
African
Republic
100
Congo
80
Chad
Equatorial Guinea
60
Democratic Republic
of the Congo
Cameroon
40
20
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise
exports, 2012-2013
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Sao Tome
and Principe
Gabon
Congo
Democratic
Republic
of the Congo
Equatorial
Guinea
Chad
Sao Tome
and Principe
Gabon
Democratic
Republic
of the Congo
Equatorial
Guinea
Congo
Sao Tome
and Principe
Gabon
Congo
Democratic
Republic
of the Congo
Equatorial
Guinea
Chad
Central
African
Republic
Cameroon
Sao Tome
and Principe
Gabon
0
Congo
20
0
Democratic
Republic
of the Congo
Equatorial
Guinea
40
20
Chad
60
40
Central
African
Republic
80
60
Cameroon
100
80
Angola
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
Angola
56
Chad
Angola
Sao Tome
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Gabon
0
Democratic
Republic
of the Congo
Equatorial
Guinea
20
0
Congo
40
20
Chad
60
40
Central
African
Republic
80
60
Cameroon
100
80
Angola
100
Central
African
Republic
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
Cameroon
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Central
African
Republic
Angola
Sao Tome
and Principe
Gabon
0
Congo
20
0
Democratic
Republic
of the Congo
Equatorial
Guinea
40
20
Chad
60
40
Central
African
Republic
80
60
Cameroon
100
80
Angola
100
Cameroon
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
MIDDLE AFRICA
ANGOLA
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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1,246,700
1,246,700
47
48
19,549
20,821
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6.5
7,109
7,891
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
46
46
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
83
80
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55
55
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7.5
57.79
68.92
2,956
3,210
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57.4
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57.4
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99
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97
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52/15/13/10/5
0.8816
0.9677
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
3,144
4,771
63
18
57
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
CAMEROON
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
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475,440
475,440
20
21
20,624
21,700
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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5.2
8,211
8,900
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
46
46
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
43
40
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
47
47
19.14
21.98
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13.8
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
13.5
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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31
21
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18
18
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47
58
4
3
70
71
3HWUROHXPRLOVRLOVIURPELWXPLQRXVPDWHULDOVFUXGH
38
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19
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54/13/10/7/6
0.4361
0.4228
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
58
-106
529
38
11
MIDDLE AFRICA
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
622,980
622,980
8
8
4,350
4,525
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4.9
2,064
2,219
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
47
47
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
61
58
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
50
50
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1.60
357
347
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5.9
7.1
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4
4
49
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84
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0.6837
0.3561
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58
37
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
47
38
FOOD SECURITY
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59
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
CHAD
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
1,284,000
1,284,000
39
40
11,721
12,448
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6.9
4,425
4,823
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
45
45
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
67
64
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
57
58
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37.9
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
41.8
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97
94
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99
97
89
87
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0.7280
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
60
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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342,000
342,000
31
31
4,112
4,337
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1,693
1,824
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49
49
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31
29
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
56
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7.88
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64.5
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
65.5
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–
–
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3
3
91
92
5
5
93
94
87
88
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLO)RUHVWU\SURGXFWV
3
3
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3
3
Fuels
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
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95
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([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
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0.6650
0.8146
424
909
43
32
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$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
61
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
2,344,860
2,344,860
11
12
65,705
62,191
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
PRESENT
6.5
25,270
27,827
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50
50
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
56
54
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
49
49
9.43
11.64
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
7.7
152
172
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+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
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COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE
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&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
34.2
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
30.2
Î
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
2
1
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3
2
Fuels
15
14
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
80
83
63
74
&RSSHU
30
43
&RSSHURUHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVFRSSHUPDWWHVFHPHQWFRSSHUOres and concentrates of base metals, n.e.s. (287)
19
18
3HWUROHXPRLOVRLOVIURPELWXPLQRXVPDWHULDOVFUXGHCopper ores and concentrates; copper mattes; cement copper
(283)
14
13
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
96
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([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
47/20/17/9/3
0.5983
0.5743
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
62
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
867
1,147
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
n.a.
n.a.
MIDDLE AFRICA
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
28,050
28,050
10
10
696
736
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
5.4
369
403
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
45
45
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
48
47
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
42
43
11.55
12.92
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
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5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
6.5
16,593
17,070
n.a.
n.a.
*LQLLQGH[SHUFHQWDJHODWHVWDYDLODEOH\HDU
n.a.
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81.6
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
96.7
Î
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–
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1
1
99
99
–
–
99
97
3HWUROHXPRLOVRLOVIURPELWXPLQRXVPDWHULDOVFUXGH
77
74
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19
21
3
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85
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([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
38/17/17/8/4
0.7990
0.7423
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
225
939
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
n.a.
n.a.
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
63
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
GABON
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
267,670
267,670
19
20
1,556
1,633
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
4.3
587
641
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
46
47
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
31
29
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
45
48
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
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0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
6.0
10.43
12.57
6,703
7,521
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+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
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39.0
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
36.5
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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1
1
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12
10
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79
82
8
7
96
96
3HWUROHXPRLOVRLOVIURPELWXPLQRXVPDWHULDOVFUXGH
77
80
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11
10
8
6
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85
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39/19/17/6/4
0.7357
0.7549
435
579
12
5
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
64
MIDDLE AFRICA
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
960
960
51
52
178
188
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
4.5
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
59
65
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
37
38
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
55
53
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
50
50
0.17
0.20
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
958
1,029
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4.5
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2.2
3.7
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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80
96
1
1
17
2
2
2
90
90
&RFRD
71
83
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17
4
2
3
Agricultural raw materials
Fuels
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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UHƂQHGRUIUDFWLRQDWHG
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98
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82/6/5/4/1
0.3751
0.6471
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
31
35
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
23
7
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
65
NORTHERN AFRICA
Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
100
Algeria
Libya
80
Tunisia
Egypt
60
40
Morocco
20
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
Data on commodity exports as a percentage of GDP is not available for Sudan.
Consequently, this country does not appear on the graph.
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
0
Algeria
Tunisia
Sudan
Morocco
0
Libya
20
0
Egypt
20
Tunisia
40
Sudan
60
40
Morocco
80
60
Libya
80
Egypt
100
Algeria
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
Algeria
Tunisia
0
Sudan
0
Morocco
20
Libya
20
Tunisia
40
Sudan
60
40
Morocco
60
Libya
80
Egypt
100
80
Algeria
100
Egypt
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
68
Egypt
Algeria
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Tunisia
0
Sudan
20
Tunisia
40
20
Sudan
40
Morocco
60
Libya
80
60
Egypt
100
80
Algeria
100
Morocco
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
Libya
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise exports,
2012-2013
NORTHERN AFRICA
ALGERIA
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
2,381,740
2,381,740
17
17
37,063
38,482
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
PRESENT
2.7
11,207
11,968
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
17
18
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
28
27
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
53
53
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
3.3
116.63
126.80
3,147
3,234
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+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
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33.9
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
32.8
Ò
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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0.4
0.5
–
–
99
99
–
–
89
90
3HWUROHXPRLOVRLOVIURPELWXPLQRXVPDWHULDOVFUXGH
45
46
1DWXUDOJDVZKHWKHURUQRWOLTXHƂHG
31
31
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLO
13
13
Agricultural raw materials
Fuels
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7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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86
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60/12/6/4/4
0.5147
0.5408
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
6,331
9,870
8
5
69
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
EGYPT
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
1,001,450
1,001,450
4
4
78,076
80,722
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
PRESENT
3.0
27,076
29,049
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
24
25
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
24
22
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
40
41
127.46
134.56
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
1.5
1,633
1,640
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7.4
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
6.7
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
26
24
3
3
Fuels
57
58
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
14
14
51
54
3HWUROHXPRLOVRLOVIURPELWXPLQRXVPDWHULDOVFUXGH1DWXUDOJDVZKHWKHURUQRWOLTXHƂHG
18
28
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLOPetroleum oils, oils from bituminous materials, crude (333)
17
14
1DWXUDOJDVZKHWKHURUQRWOLTXHƂHGPetroleum oils or bituminous minerals > 70 % oil (334)
16
12
Agricultural raw materials
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
60
(XURSHDQ8QLRQ,QGLD&KLQD1RUWKHUQ$IULFDLQWUDWUDGH-DSDQ
([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
30/12/7/6/5
0.2503
0.1537
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$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
70
4,916
8,918
5
5
NORTHERN AFRICA
LIBYA
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
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1,759,540
1,759,540
9
9
6,041
6,155
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Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
2.7
2,381
2,335
28
29
3
3
70
75
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11.0
60.50
53.19
10,016
8,577
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n.a.
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55.5
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53.1
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99
99
1
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96
96
82
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91
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0.7871
0.7967
1,790
4,066
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n.a.
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
71
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
MOROCCO
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
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446,550
446,550
67
68
31,642
32,521
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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2.4
11,375
11,948
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
27
28
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
26
24
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
48
50
75.52
84.38
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6.5
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7.7
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59
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
72
380
1,448
6
5
NORTHERN AFRICA
SUDAN
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PAST
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n.a.
1,861,484
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n.a.
7
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n.a.
37,195
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15,358
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n.a.
29
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
n.a.
39
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
n.a.
41
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-3.9
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32.69
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n.a.
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Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
n.a.
n.a.
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n.a.
9
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n.a.
2
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n.a.
56
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n.a.
32
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91
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55
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
n.a.
1,443
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
n.a.
n.a.
73
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
TUNISIA
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
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163,610
163,610
61
65
10,632
10,875
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
2.10
3,801
4,007
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
27
27
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
21
20
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
33
32
40.29
42.55
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0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
3.3
3,790
3,870
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8.5
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
10.2
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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35
35
2
2
57
58
6
6
69
71
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48
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12
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9
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92
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60/15/11/5/1
0.2066
0.1493
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
74
554
777
5
5
SOUTHERN AFRICA
Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
100
Lesotho
80
Namibia
Botswana
60
Swaziland
South Africa
40
20
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
0
Botswana
Swaziland
South
Africa
0
Namibia
0
Lesotho
20
Swaziland
40
20
South
Africa
60
40
Namibia
80
60
Lesotho
100
80
Botswana
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
Botswana
Swaziland
0
South
Africa
20
0
Namibia
40
20
Swaziland
40
South
Africa
60
Namibia
80
60
Lesotho
100
80
Botswana
100
Lesotho
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
76
Lesotho
Swaziland
Lesotho
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Swaziland
20
0
South
Africa
40
20
Botswana
60
40
South
Africa
80
60
Namibia
100
80
Botswana
100
Namibia
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise
exports, 2012-2013
SOUTHERN AFRICA
BOTSWANA
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
581,730
581,730
44
46
1,969
2,004
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
2.9
1,036
1,091
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
46
46
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
31
30
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
56
57
12.12
13.87
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6,153
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29.1
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
42.8
Î
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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7
2
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1
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1
1
92
97
65
94
21
85
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4
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4
2
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58/19/8/5/4
0.6465
0.7891
419
519
25
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
77
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
LESOTHO
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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30,360
30,360
77
75
2,009
2,052
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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3.4
894
947
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46
46
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
40
39
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
66
65
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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13.6
17.0
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
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10
10
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5
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–
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85
85
95
92
85
84
:RRODQGRWKHUDQLPDOKDLULQFOXGLQJZRROWRSVNon-alcoholic beverages, n.e.s. (111)
6
4
1RQDOFRKROLFEHYHUDJHVQHVWool and other animal hair (including wool tops) (268)
4
4
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
78
SOUTHERN AFRICA
NAMIBIA
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&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
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824,290
824,290
47
47
2,179
2,259
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3.4
929
1,008
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46
46
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
29
27
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
44
43
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4.7
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24.9
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27.9
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
35
32
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1
1
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2
2
62
66
52
61
3HDUOVDQGSUHFLRXVRUVHPLSUHFLRXVVWRQHVXQZRUNHGRUZRUNHGFishery products (03)
19
31
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18
19
2UHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVRIXUDQLXPRUWKRULXP
15
11
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
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80
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36/18/11/10/6
0.3208
0.2564
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36
37
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
79
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
SOUTH AFRICA
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
1,219,090
1,219,090
79
79
51,452
52,386
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
2.6
18,208
18,989
43
43
7
6
29
29
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1.9
289.66
313.15
5,630
5,934
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13.5
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
13.4
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16
15
4
3
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16
16
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65
65
42
43
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20
16
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11
15
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11
12
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30/18/10/9/6
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
80
-1,439
465
5
5
SOUTHERN AFRICA
SWAZILAND
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
17,360
17,360
70
71
1,193
1,231
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3.8
414
446
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
40
39
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
33
30
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
54
52
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
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1.2
2.92
2.95
2,445
2,358
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21.1
23.0
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
Î
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70
56
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20
31
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3
2
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7
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73
69
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
81
WESTERN AFRICA
84
20
30
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
40
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise
exports, 2012-2013
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity
exports, 2012-2013
50
60
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
10
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Benin
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Senegal
Côte d’Ivoire
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
GuineaBissau
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
0
Liberia
Côte d’Ivoire
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
GuineaBissau
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
20
Mali
Côte d’Ivoire
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
GuineaBissau
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
40
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cabo Verde
Gambia
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cabo Verde
Burkina
Faso
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
60
Guinea-Bissau
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cabo Verde
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cabo Verde
Côte d’Ivoire
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
GuineaBissau
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
100
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Côte d’Ivoire
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
GuineaBissau
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cabo Verde
Cabo Verde
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Côte d’Ivoire
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
GuineaBissau
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cabo Verde
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
Sierra Leone
Nigeria
80
Mauritania
Côte d’Ivoire
Guinea
Ghana
Niger
Togo
0
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
70
80
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
WESTERN AFRICA
BENIN
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
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112,620
114,760
30
33
9,510
10,051
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5.3
3,616
3,971
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
48
48
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
44
41
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41
41
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4.6
5.23
5.97
550
578
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17.2
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
16.3
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All food items
37
32
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27
26
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14
18
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
21
24
50
52
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23
22
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLOFruits and nuts (excluding oil nuts),
fresh or dried (057)
15
15
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12
15
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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80
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30/17/16/12/5
0.5875
0.2693
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
57
107
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
28
10
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
85
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
BURKINA FASO
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
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274,220
274,220
44
44
15,540
16,460
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
6.1
7,548
8,270
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
48
47
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
92
93
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
48
48
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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6.9
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8.52
459
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13.4
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
17.8
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19
16
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42
35
–
5
39
44
89
83
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42
42
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39
34
8
7
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7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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0.5233
0.5264
123
197
26
21
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$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
86
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CABO VERDE
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&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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4,030
4,030
19
19
488
494
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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2.6
224
243
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
38
39
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
14
13
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
41
39
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4.3
1.41
1.61
2,898
3,237
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1.6
2.4
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
97
95
Agricultural raw materials
–
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–
–
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
2
5
97
97
94
92
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2
3
1RQIHUURXVEDVHPHWDOZDVWHDQGVFUDSQHVFerrous waste, scrape; remelting ingots, iron, steel (282)
1
2
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Five leading destination markets for commodity exports as a percentage of commodity exports,
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98
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87/4/4/2/1
0.3630
0.4653
158
153
16
10
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
87
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
CÔTE D’IVOIRE
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
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322,460
322,460
64
65
18,977
19,840
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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4.9
7,792
8,477
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
37
38
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
36
33
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
36
36
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7.2
19.01
21.09
1,002
1,038
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88
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11,300
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54
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81
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13
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238,540
238,540
65
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24,263
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48
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59
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90
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245,860
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58
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4,090
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94
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66
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93
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13,986
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54.4
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63.5
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26
26
Agricultural raw materials
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9
10
64
64
85
85
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47
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25
24
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Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
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0.4719
0.4818
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
-1
42
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
15
7
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
95
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NIGER
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
1,267,000
1,267,000
35
35
15,894
17,157
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7.6
5,114
5,709
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31
31
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
83
82
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36
37
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6.2
4.33
5.22
273
293
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13.7
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
14.9
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48
15
2
3
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12
52
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
38
29
81
77
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36
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12
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92
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([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
51/25/8/5/4
0.5953
0.4690
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
80
427
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
28
11
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
96
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
923,770
923,770
76
79
159,708
168,834
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/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
6.0
50,245
54,622
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
43
43
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
24
23
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
39
41
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
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6.6
155.26
188.30
972
1,085
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34.9
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
39.1
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2
2
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1
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96
95
1
1
95
94
85
79
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0.9240
0.7722
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
3,157
6,628
21
6
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THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
SENEGAL
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
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196,720
196,710
48
47
12,951
13,726
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5.1
5,384
5,900
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
44
44
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
71
71
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
47
48
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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4.4
10.37
11.46
801
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10.9
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
12.1
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45
49
2
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39
27
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15
22
68
61
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82
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0.2323
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
98
445
532
25
17
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
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71,740
72,300
54
57
5,752
5,979
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5.2
2,262
2,436
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
51
50
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
59
57
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
62
62
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12.6
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3.37
370
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9.4
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
28.3
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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20
5
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4
1
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–
–
75
94
65
90
,URQRUHDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVPearls and precious or semiprecious stones, unworked or worked (667)
34
68
2UHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVRIEDVHPHWDOVQHV
17
12
3HDUOVDQGSUHFLRXVRUVHPLSUHFLRXVVWRQHVXQZRUNHGRUZRUNHGCocoa (072)
14
10
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
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97
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69/20/4/2/2
0.5335
0.4357
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
98
-191
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
43
26
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99
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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56,790
56,790
65
71
6,306
6,643
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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4.9
2,938
3,194
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
51
50
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
44
42
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
41
42
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4.7
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390
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19.1
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26
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18
11
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12
20
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30
43
58
51
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27
20
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17
17
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLOCotton (263)
14
14
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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0.2933
0.1837
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
40
1
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
38
15
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100
CARIBBEAN
102
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
Jamaica
Saint Kitts
and nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
Trinidad and
Tobago
Jamaica
Saint Kitts
and nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
Trinidad and
Tobago
Dominica
Dominican
Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Cuba
30
Saint Kitts
and nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
Trinidad and
Tobago
Jamaica
Haiti
Dominica
Dominican
Republic
Grenada
Cuba
20
Dominica
Dominican
Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Cuba
100
80
60
40
20
0
Cuba
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Barbados
100
80
60
40
20
0
Barbados
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise
exports, 2012-2013
Barbados
10
Antigua and
Barbuda
Bahamas
Grenada
Saint Vincent
and the
Grenadines
Barbados
Antigua and
Barbuda
Bahamas
Dominica
Antigua and
Barbuda
Bahamas
Jamaica
Saint Kitts
and nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
Trinidad and
Tobago
Haiti
Dominica
Dominican
Republic
Grenada
0
Jamaica
Saint Kitts
and nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
Trinidad and
Tobago
Haiti
Dominica
Dominican
Republic
Grenada
Cuba
Barbados
Haiti
Jamaica
Saint Kitts
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Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and
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Trinidad and
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Dominica
Dominican
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Grenada
Haiti
Cuba
Barbados
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Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
0
Cuba
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Barbados
Antigua and
Barbuda
Bahamas
Antigua and
Barbuda
Bahamas
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Saint Kitts and Nevis
Bahamas
Antigua
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Saint Lucia
Trinidad and
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Dominican Republic
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
40
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
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440
440
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
20
21
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
87
89
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
2.2
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38
39
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
42
44
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
21
21
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
25
25
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1.5
1.01
1.02
11,602
11,353
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0.5
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103
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BAHAMAS
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104
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105
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CUBA
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106
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1.1
1.3
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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75
74
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10
8
–
–
15
18
54
55
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24
29
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17
14
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13
12
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91
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([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
55/13/12/9/3
0.4580
0.5039
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
110
1,183
1,530
52
61
CARIBBEAN
JAMAICA
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
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10,990
10,990
41
42
2,741
2,769
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2.4
1,240
1,279
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
45
45
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
17
16
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28
28
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0.1
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8.6
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
9.7
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30
25
–
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23
26
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47
48
77
77
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45
46
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23
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9
6
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0.5436
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
595
735
8
10
111
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
GENERAL INFORMATION
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PAST
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260
260
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
22
23
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
52
54
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n.a.
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23
24
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39
42
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
22
21
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
20
20
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1.6
0.56
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10,669
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92
88
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74
75
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29
8
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0.3636
0.2997
56
49
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n.a.
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
112
CARIBBEAN
SAINT LUCIA
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
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620
620
17
17
177
181
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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91
96
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47
47
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
19
18
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
24
24
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1.1
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6,180
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10.2
8.9
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
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51
49
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45
48
3
3
88
87
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0.5086
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-27
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
n.a.
n.a.
FOOD SECURITY
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113
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SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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390
390
26
26
109
109
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54
55
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41
41
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
20
20
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27
27
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91
91
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5
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1
2
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3
7
62
58
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32
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22
17
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14
9
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88/3/3/2/1
0.3939
0.3104
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
34
59
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
21
6
FOOD SECURITY
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114
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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
5,130
5,130
11
11
1,328
1,337
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Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
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1.8
701
716
43
43
7
6
17
18
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14,208
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35.4
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37.0
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4
3
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93
94
3
3
88
90
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43
41
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15
17
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82
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0.3721
0.3702
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
422
874
13
9
115
CENTRAL AMERICA
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
100
90
80
Honduras
Costa Rica
70
Mexico
60
Belize
50
40
30
El
Salvador
20
Panama
Nicaragua
Guatemala
10
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise
exports, 2012-2013
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Panama
Nicaragua
Mexico
Honduras
Guatemala
El Salvador
Panama
Nicaragua
Mexico
Honduras
Panama
Nicaragua
Mexico
Honduras
Guatemala
El Salvador
Costa Rica
Panama
Nicaragua
0
Mexico
20
0
Honduras
40
20
Guatemala
60
40
El Salvador
80
60
Costa Rica
100
80
Belize
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
Belize
118
Guatemala
Belize
Panama
Nicaragua
0
Mexico
20
0
Honduras
40
20
Guatemala
60
40
El Salvador
80
60
Costa Rica
100
80
Belize
100
El Salvador
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
Costa Rica
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Costa Rica
Panama
Nicaragua
Mexico
Honduras
Guatemala
El Salvador
Costa Rica
Belize
Belize
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
CENTRAL AMERICA
BELIZE
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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22,970
22,970
7
7
309
324
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/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
2.9
131
144
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
37
38
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
24
23
3
3
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1.6
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4,140
4,790
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22.9
33.6
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
67
75
1
2
30
21
2
1
59
56
3HWUROHXPRLOVRLOVIURPELWXPLQRXVPDWHULDOVFUXGH
26
20
)UXLWVDQGQXWVH[FOXGLQJRLOQXWVIUHVKRUGULHG
19
18
6XJDUPRODVVHVDQGKRQH\ Wheat (including spelt) and meslin, unmilled (041)
14
18
Agricultural raw materials
Fuels
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86
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39/35/5/4/4
0.2817
0.3117
-87
-276
10
7
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119
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
COSTA RICA
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
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51,100
51,100
36
37
4,670
4,805
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2,192
2,350
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36
37
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
15
13
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13
14
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3.2
25.02
28.35
5,357
5,818
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7.1
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5.8
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
120
-1,097
-664
5
6
CENTRAL AMERICA
EL SALVADOR
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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21,040
21,040
73
76
6,218
6,297
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2.4
2,594
2,739
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41
42
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
23
21
9
10
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1.7
18.34
19.43
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5.4
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6.4
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78
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
480
449
16
14
121
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
GUATEMALA
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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108,890
108,890
40
41
14,342
15,083
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4.2
5,680
6,284
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
38
38
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
36
35
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10
10
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3.4
32.57
36.13
2,271
2,336
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11.7
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
11.8
Î
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78
77
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7
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9
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16
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16
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15
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0.1843
0.1389
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
122
-1,913
-2,448
15
14
CENTRAL AMERICA
HONDURAS
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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112,490
112,490
29
29
7,621
7,936
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3.3
2,988
3,284
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
34
35
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
22
20
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21
21
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2.6
11.65
12.89
1,528
1,592
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18.0
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
23.3
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77
77
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3
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7
7
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13
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0.2932
0.2240
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
-889
-1,675
23
12
123
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
MEXICO
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
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1,964,380
1,964,380
54
55
117,886
120,848
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2.4
49,605
52,739
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37
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16
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6.7
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26
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54
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19
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62
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0.1370
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
124
1,624
1,399
7
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CENTRAL AMERICA
NICARAGUA
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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130,370
130,370
39
42
5,822
5,992
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2.8
2,376
2,581
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38
39
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
15
13
8
8
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7.29
8.46
1,252
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12.8
14.0
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
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86
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12
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47
49
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21
17
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16
17
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10
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
125
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
PANAMA
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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75,420
75,420
30
31
3,678
3,802
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2.6
1,649
1,756
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37
38
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
15
14
4
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23.12
30.49
6,287
7,892
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8.8
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
19.2
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48
35
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39
49
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
12
13
54
49
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22
29
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17
12
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15
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Agricultural raw materials
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)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
79
(FXDGRU(XURSHDQ8QLRQ&HQWUDO$PHULFDLQWUDWUDGH8QLWHG6WDWHV&DQDGD
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38/16/10/10/5
0.1728
0.1503
-542
-1,753
26
11
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
126
SOUTH AMERICA
128
40
40
20
20
0
0
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Venezuela
(Bolivarian
Republic of)
60
Venezuela
(Bolivarian
Republic of)
60
Uruguay
80
Uruguay
80
Suriname
100
Suriname
100
Peru
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Uruguay
Venezuela
(Bolivarian
Republic of)
Suriname
Peru
40
Peru
0
Guyana
Ecuador
Paraguay
20
0
Paraguay
40
20
Paraguay
60
40
Ecuador
60
Guyana
80
Guyana
80
Colombia
100
Ecuador
100
Ecuador
30
Chile
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise
exports, 2012-2013
Chile
Paraguay
Colombia
Chile
Chile
Argentina
Bolivia
(Plurinational
State of)
Brazil
Colombia
Colombia
100
80
60
40
20
0
Argentina
Bolivia
(Plurinational
State of)
Brazil
20
Argentina
Bolivia
(Plurinational
State of)
Brazil
Uruguay
Venezuela
(Bolivarian
Republic of)
Suriname
Peru
Paraguay
Peru
Venezuela
(Bolivarian
Republic of)
Uruguay
Venezuela
(Bolivarian
Republic of)
Suriname
Peru
Guyana
Ecuador
Colombia
10
Uruguay
Suriname
Peru
Paraguay
Guyana
Ecuador
Chile
Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
Argentina
Paraguay
Chile
Colombia
Argentina
Bolivia
(Plurinational
State of)
Brazil
0
Guyana
Ecuador
Colombia
Argentina
Bolivia
(Plurinational
State of)
Brazil
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Chile
Argentina
Bolivia
(Plurinational
State of)
Brazil
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
Venezuela
(Bolivarian Republic of)
Guyana
Suriname
Brazil
Bolivia
(Plurinational
State of)
Uruguay
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
50
60
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
SOUTH AMERICA
ARGENTINA
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
2,780,400
2,780,400
53
54
40,374
41,087
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
2.3
18,366
19,185
40
41
8
7
11
11
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
PRESENT
3.0
253.75
289.95
6,285
6,996
*LQLLQGH[SHUFHQWDJHODWHVWDYDLODEOH\HDU
+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
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COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
12.1
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
10.8
Î
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
75
81
2
1
Fuels
13
8
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
10
9
41
43
)HHGLQJVWXIIIRUDQLPDOVQRXQPLOOHGFHUHDOV
21
23
0DL]HQRWLQFOXGLQJVZHHWFRUQXQPLOOHG)L[HGYHJHWDEOHIDWVDQGRLOVVRIWFUXGHUHƂQHGRUIUDFWLRQDWHG
11
10
9
10
Agricultural raw materials
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
)L[HGYHJHWDEOHIDWVDQGRLOVVRIWFUXGHUHƂQHGRUIUDFWLRQDWHG2LOVHHGVDQGROHDJLQRXVIUXLWVH[FOXGLQJƃRXU
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
61
6RXWK$PHULFDLQWUDWUDGH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ&KLQD8QLWHG6WDWHV&DQDGD
([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
26/16/11/5/4
0.1370
0.1548
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
-29,229
-40,139
5
5
129
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
1,098,580
1,098,580
34
35
10,157
10,496
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
PRESENT
3.5
4,585
4,936
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
45
45
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
43
42
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
42
42
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
6.4
11.95
14.07
1,177
1,318
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+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
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&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
30.6
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
40.5
Ò
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
20
16
1
1
Fuels
47
55
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
32
28
68
68
1DWXUDOJDVZKHWKHURUQRWOLTXHƂHG
44
51
2UHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVRIEDVHPHWDOVQHV
15
9
9
8
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7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
*ROGQRQPRQHWDU\H[FOXGLQJJROGRUHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVOres and concentrates of precious metals; waste, scrap
(289)
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
92
6RXWK$PHULFDLQWUDWUDGH8QLWHG6WDWHV(XURSHDQ8QLRQ-DSDQ.RUHD5HSXEOLFRI
([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
68/12/6/3/3
0.1841
0.4788
-698
-1,197
38
20
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
130
SOUTH AMERICA
BRAZIL
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
8,514,880
8,515,770
32
33
195,210
198,656
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
PRESENT
1.9
101,601
106,147
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
44
44
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
11
10
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
25
24
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
2.4
1,096.45
1,163.51
5,617
5,807
*LQLLQGH[SHUFHQWDJHODWHVWDYDLODEOH\HDU
+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
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&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
5.8
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
6.8
Ò
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
51
52
6
6
Fuels
15
14
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
27
28
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
41
45
,URQRUHDQGFRQFHQWUDWHV
19
21
2LOVHHGVDQGROHDJLQRXVIUXLWVH[FOXGLQJƃRXUPetroleum oils, oils from bituminous materials, crude (333)
12
13
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10
11
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69
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29/22/7/6/5
0.0881
0.1512
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
-48,774
-68,502
15
5
131
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
CHILE
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
756,100
756,100
21
21
17,151
17,465
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
1.9
8,032
8,414
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
40
40
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
12
11
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
14
15
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
4.2
147.87
172.16
8,622
9,771
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+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
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COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
28.5
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
24.7
Ò
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
21
23
Agricultural raw materials
7
7
Fuels
1
1
71
69
70
68
&RSSHU
42
36
&RSSHURUHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVFRSSHUPDWWHVFHPHQWFRSSHU
21
25
7
7
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
)UXLWVDQGQXWVH[FOXGLQJRLOQXWVIUHVKRUGULHG
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79
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30/16/12/12/9
0.2886
0.3450
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
132
-7,785
-9,188
9
5
SOUTH AMERICA
COLOMBIA
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
1,141,750
1,141,750
37
38
46,445
47,704
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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PRESENT
2.5
22,143
23,634
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
42
43
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
16
15
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
25
25
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
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4.0
182.95
211.04
3,939
4,367
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10.6
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
13.2
Ò
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
17
11
4
3
70
79
9
7
68
78
3HWUROHXPRLOVRLOVIURPELWXPLQRXVPDWHULDOVFUXGH
39
55
&RDOZKHWKHURUQRWSXOYHUL]HGQRWDJJORPHUDWHG
20
14
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLO
9
9
Agricultural raw materials
Fuels
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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80
8QLWHG6WDWHV(XURSHDQ8QLRQ6RXWK$PHULFDLQWUDWUDGH&KLQD3DQDPD
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39/18/9/8/6
0.2946
0.4581
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$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
-997
638
22
11
133
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
ECUADOR
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
256,370
256,370
29
30
15,001
15,492
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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2.8
6,857
7,368
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
40
40
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
18
16
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
25
26
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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3.8
49.04
57.68
3,269
3,665
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21.6
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
25.0
Î
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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36
32
5
4
58
62
1
3
79
82
3HWUROHXPRLOVRLOVIURPELWXPLQRXVPDWHULDOVFUXGH
53
58
)LVKHU\SURGXFWVFruits and nuts (excluding oil nuts), fresh or dried (057)
15
14
)UXLWVDQGQXWVH[FOXGLQJRLOQXWVIUHVKRUGULHGFishery products (03)
11
10
Agricultural raw materials
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88
8QLWHG6WDWHV6RXWK$PHULFDLQWUDWUDGH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ5XVVLDQ)HGHUDWLRQ3DQDPD
([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
48/22/12/3/3
0.4501
0.5254
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
134
-3,514
-5,196
19
11
SOUTH AMERICA
GUYANA
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
214,970
214,970
8
9
786
795
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
2.8
302
319
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
36
35
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
17
15
8
8
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
4.8
1.63
1.88
2,071
2,356
*LQLLQGH[SHUFHQWDJHODWHVWDYDLODEOH\HDU
+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
Ô
COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
37.6
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
43.7
Ò
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
38
34
Agricultural raw materials
6
4
Fuels
–
–
56
62
68
71
*ROGQRQPRQHWDU\H[FOXGLQJJROGRUHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHV
41
48
$OXPLQLXPRUHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVLQFOXGLQJDOXPLQD Rice (042)
14
12
6XJDUPRODVVHVDQGKRQH\Aluminium ores and concentrates (including alumina) (285)
13
11
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
82
8QLWHG6WDWHV&DQDGD(XURSHDQ8QLRQ6RXWK$PHULFDLQWUDWUDGH8NUDLQH
([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
30/27/17/5/4
0.3274
0.4490
-113
-161
23
10
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
135
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
PARAGUAY
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
406,750
406,750
52
54
6,460
6,687
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
3.1
3,088
3,329
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
40
40
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
27
26
8
7
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
13.0
11.15
12.99
1,726
1,909
*LQLLQGH[SHUFHQWDJHODWHVWDYDLODEOH\HDU
+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
Ô
COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
29.2
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
26.6
Ò
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
80
76
4
2
16
20
1
2
64
64
2LOVHHGVDQGROHDJLQRXVIUXLWVH[FOXGLQJƃRXU
31
32
(OHFWULFFXUUHQWMeat of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen (011)
17
19
0HDWRIERYLQHDQLPDOVIUHVKFKLOOHGRUIUR]HQElectric current (351)
16
13
Agricultural raw materials
Fuels
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
80
6RXWK$PHULFDLQWUDWUDGH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ5XVVLDQ)HGHUDWLRQ8QLWHG6WDWHV7XUNH\
([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
44/18/13/3/3
0.3216
0.3411
-3,537
-4,788
20
11
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
136
SOUTH AMERICA
PERU
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
1,285,220
1,285,220
19
19
29,263
29,988
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
PRESENT
2.6
15,481
16,399
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
45
45
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
24
23
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
31
32
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
5.2
112.19
134.17
3,834
4,417
*LQLLQGH[SHUFHQWDJHODWHVWDYDLODEOH\HDU
+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
Ô
COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
19.1
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
18.6
Ò
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
18
18
1
1
Fuels
10
14
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
70
67
54
53
*ROGQRQPRQHWDU\H[FOXGLQJJROGRUHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHV
26
23
&RSSHURUHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVFRSSHUPDWWHVFHPHQWFRSSHU
18
21
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLOOres and concentrates of base metals, n.e.s. (287)
10
9
Agricultural raw materials
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
75
&KLQD(XURSHDQ8QLRQ8QLWHG6WDWHV6ZLW]HUODQG6RXWK$PHULFDLQWUDWUDGH
([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
20/18/16/10/10
0.2262
0.2283
-2,313
-2,755
32
9
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
137
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
SURINAME
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
163,820
163,820
1
1
525
535
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
2.4
204
214
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
37
38
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
16
15
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
24
24
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
3.9
2.73
3.10
5,192
5,744
*LQLLQGH[SHUFHQWDJHODWHVWDYDLODEOH\HDU
+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
22.6
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
47.5
Ô
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
12
10
1
1
Fuels
15
10
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
72
79
86
88
*ROGQRQPRQHWDU\H[FOXGLQJJROGRUHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHV
49
56
$OXPLQLXPRUHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVLQFOXGLQJDOXPLQD
22
22
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLO
15
10
Agricultural raw materials
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
81
&DQDGD(XURSHDQ8QLRQ8QLWHG$UDE(PLUDWHV8QLWHG6WDWHV6RXWK$PHULFDLQWUDWUDGH
([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
23/20/19/13/5
0.5102
0.5514
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
92
52
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
16
8
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
138
SOUTH AMERICA
URUGUAY
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
176,220
176,220
86
87
3,372
3,395
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
2.1
1,708
1,751
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
44
45
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
11
11
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
14
15
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
4.5
22.99
26.60
6,818
7,808
*LQLLQGH[SHUFHQWDJHODWHVWDYDLODEOH\HDU
+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
Ò
COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHH[SRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
13.4
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
12.8
Ò
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
82
86
Agricultural raw materials
13
11
Fuels
3
1
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
2
2
44
52
2LOVHHGVDQGROHDJLQRXVIUXLWVH[FOXGLQJƃRXUMeat of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen (011)
22
24
0HDWRIERYLQHDQLPDOVIUHVKFKLOOHGRUIUR]HQ2LOVHHGVDQGROHDJLQRXVIUXLWVH[FOXGLQJƃRXU
13
20
9
8
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
5LFH
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77
6RXWK$PHULFDLQWUDWUDGH&KLQD(XURSHDQ8QLRQ5XVVLDQ)HGHUDWLRQ8QLWHG6WDWHV
([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
31/20/15/6/5
0.1705
0.2281
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
-3,016
-4,637
9
5
139
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF)
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
912,050
912,050
24
25
29,043
29,955
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
2.6
13,463
14,464
39
40
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
5
5
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
6
6
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
&RQVWDQW*'3ELOOLRQVRI86DQG
9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
1.2
174.55
194.22
6,010
6,388
*LQLLQGH[SHUFHQWDJHODWHVWDYDLODEOH\HDU
+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[UDQNDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHLQUDQNLQJ
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COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE
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&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
15.5
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
20.2
Ò
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
1
2
Agricultural raw materials
–
–
95
95
4
3
96
94
3HWUROHXPRLOVRLOVIURPELWXPLQRXVPDWHULDOVFUXGH
72
73
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLO
22
20
2
1
Fuels
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
$OXPLQLXP
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
88
8QLWHG6WDWHV&KLQD,QGLD6LQJDSRUH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ
([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
43/17/17/6/6
0.6042
0.6192
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
140
6,502
9,153
14
5
EASTERN ASIA
Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
100
90
Republic of Korea
80
70
Mongolia
60
50
40
China
30
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
Data on commodity exports as a percentage of GDP is not available for the
Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Consequently, this country does not appear on the graph.
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise
exports, 2012-2013
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
40
40
20
20
0
0
Republic
of
Korea
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Republic
of
Korea
Mongolia
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
Republic
of
Korea
Mongolia
Democratic
People’s
Republic
of Korea
Republic
of
Korea
Mongolia
Democratic
People’s
Republic
of Korea
China
China
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
142
Republic
of
Korea
60
China
80
60
Mongolia
80
Democratic
People’s
Republic
of Korea
100
China
100
Mongolia
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
Democratic
People’s
Republic
of Korea
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Democratic
People’s
Republic
of Korea
Republic
of
Korea
Mongolia
Democratic
People’s
Republic
of Korea
China
China
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
EASTERN ASIA
CHINA
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
9,600,000
9,600,000
54
55
1,359,821
1,377,065
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
PRESENT
1.6
801,588
816,976
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
45
44
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
62
60
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
48
48
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
7.6
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3,890.89
4,928.05
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2,861
3,557
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p
2.4
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
p
2.5
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32
29
7
6
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25
23
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
36
42
38
41
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26/13/11/9/4
0.0772
0.0968
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
30,715
60,215
24
11
143
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
120,540
120,540
22
22
24,501
24,763
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2.0
14,575
14,913
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
48
48
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
21
20
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
46
46
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0.5
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13.16
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48
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38
25
64
79
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7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
)LVKHU\SURGXFWVPetroleum oils or bituminous minerals > 70 % oil (334)
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
99
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94/3/1/1
0.1084
0.3968
300
487
23
38
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
144
EASTERN ASIA
MONGOLIA
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
1,564,120
1,564,120
73
73
2,713
2,796
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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PRESENT
2.4
1,183
1,268
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
46
47
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
19
17
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
48
48
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
15.2
3.45
5.25
1,273
1,849
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n.a.
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42.7
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
38.0
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2
1
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7
7
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10
27
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
80
65
75
67
&RSSHURUHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVFRSSHUPDWWHVFHPHQWFRSSHU
46
39
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15
19
,URQRUHDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVOres and concentrates of base metals, n.e.s. (287)
14
9
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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91/4/2/1
0.3696
0.3726
317
683
30
22
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
145
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
100,030
100,150
18
18
48,454
49,003
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
1.2
24,265
24,816
41
41
5
4
43
43
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2.7
1,019.09
1,107.59
21,032
22,483
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n.a.
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5.2
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
6.9
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10
8
8
7
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59
68
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24
17
68
74
55
65
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7
5
6\QWKHWLFUXEEHUGold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates) (971)
6
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29/16/11/7/6
0.1572
0.1482
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
146
13,018
18,782
5
5
SOUTHERN ASIA
Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
Maldives
100
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Bangladesh
80
Afghanistan
60
Sri Lanka
Bhutan
India
40
Pakistan
Nepal
20
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise
exports, 2012-2013
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Nepal
Maldives
Iran (Islamic
Republic of)
India
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Nepal
Maldives
Iran (Islamic
Republic of)
India
Bhutan
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Nepal
Maldives
Iran (Islamic
Republic of)
India
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Afghanistan
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Nepal
Maldives
Iran (Islamic
Republic of)
India
Bhutan
Bangladesh
100
80
60
40
20
0
Afghanistan
148
Bangladesh
100
80
60
40
20
0
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
Bhutan
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
Afghanistan
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Nepal
Maldives
Iran (Islamic
Republic of)
India
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Afghanistan
100
80
60
40
20
0
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Nepal
Maldives
India
Iran (Islamic
Republic of)
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
SOUTHERN ASIA
AFGHANISTAN
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
652,860
652,860
58
58
28,398
29,825
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
6.3
8,270
9,303
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
15
16
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
73
71
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
32
33
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
7.0
10.39
12.81
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366
419
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&RPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DQG
1.3
1.6
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
Î
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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55
43
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32
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1
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11
14
65
54
)UXLWVDQGQXWVH[FOXGLQJRLOQXWVIUHVKRUGULHG
40
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&UXGHYHJHWDEOHPDWHULDOVQHVCotton (263)
13
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12
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78/9/4/3/2
0.3568
0.2775
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
592
1,735
30
25
149
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
BANGLADESH
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
148,460
148,460
62
70
151,126
154,695
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
2.4
72,274
77,358
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
40
40
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
44
41
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
51
52
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
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5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
6.0
88.15
106.30
583
679
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1.2
1.4
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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60
63
Agricultural raw materials
25
21
Fuels
11
11
5
6
69
64
)LVKHU\SURGXFWV
53
49
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLO
11
10
5
5
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
9HJHWDEOHVTobacco, unmanufactured; tobacco refuse (121)
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
73
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31/20/12/8/4
0.3758
0.3632
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$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
150
4,213
5,814
33
17
SOUTHERN ASIA
BHUTAN
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
38,390
38,390
14
14
717
742
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
2.6
365
398
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
42
42
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
85
85
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
34
35
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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9DOXHDGGHGE\HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\DVDSHUFHQWDJHRI*'3DJULFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\VHUYLFHVDQG
&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
5HDO*'3SHUFDSLWD86DQG
0'*3URSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQEHORZ333SHUGD\VHOHFWHG\HDUV
8.2
1.29
1.58
1,797
2,100
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17.6
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22
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151
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INDIA
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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3,287,260
3,287,260
55
60
1,205,625
1,236,687
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2.7
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498,687
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57
56
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32
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1,441.48
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5.6
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7.6
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40
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152
-3,518
-15,817
24
15
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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1,745,150
1,745,150
28
30
74,462
76,424
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1.9
25,226
27,059
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18
18
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26
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46
49
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-1.0
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19.5
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13.4
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4
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90
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89
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82
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4,715
5,671
5
5
153
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
MALDIVES
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300
300
23
23
326
338
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2.4
153
167
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42
42
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15
13
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38
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0.7036
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95
110
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12
6
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147,180
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28
29
26,846
27,474
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16,034
17,439
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49
49
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
75
75
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49
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74
74
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11
13
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15
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39
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25
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155
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
PAKISTAN
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
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796,100
796,100
33
35
173,149
179,160
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59,739
65,157
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21
21
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
41
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32
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74
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156
1,028
65
25
22
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
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65,610
65,610
40
43
20,759
21,098
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8,607
8,865
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32
33
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
47
46
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37
37
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Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
5.3
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73
76
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10
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17
15
65
65
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44
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
-371
-450
31
25
157
SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA
160
80
60
40
20
0
Viet Nam
Timor-Leste
Viet Nam
Timor-Leste
Thailand
Singapore
Philippines
Myanmar
Indonesia
Lao People’s
Democratic
Republic
Malaysia
70
Viet Nam
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Timor-Leste
0
Thailand
20
0
Thailand
40
20
Singapore
40
60
Singapore
60
Philippines
60
Myanmar
80
Philippines
100
100
50
Myanmar
80
Indonesia
Lao People’s
Democratic
Republic
Malaysia
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
40
Indonesia
Lao People’s
Democratic
Republic
Malaysia
100
80
60
40
20
0
Cambodia
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise
exports, 2012-2013
Cambodia
30
Cambodia
Cambodia
Brunei
Darussalam
80
Brunei
Darussalam
Viet Nam
Timor-Leste
Lao People’s
Democratic
Republic
Brunei
Darussalam
Viet Nam
Timor-Leste
20
Viet Nam
Timor-Leste
Indonesia
Thailand
Myanmar
Thailand
Singapore
100
Thailand
Singapore
Philippines
10
Singapore
Philippines
0
Philippines
20
Myanmar
Indonesia
Lao People’s
Democratic
Republic
Malaysia
Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
40
Myanmar
Indonesia
Lao People’s
Democratic
Republic
Malaysia
Cambodia
Brunei
Darussalam
60
Myanmar
Indonesia
Lao People’s
Democratic
Republic
Malaysia
Cambodia
Brunei
Darussalam
100
Cambodia
Brunei
Darussalam
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
Timor-Leste
T
Singapore
Brunei Darussalam
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Philippines
0
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
80
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
80
60
40
20
0
SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
5,770
5,770
2
3
401
412
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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PRESENT
2.1
195
206
42
42
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
1
–
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1.8
9.85
10.47
24,589
25,057
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68.2
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
70.5
Ò
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
–
–
Agricultural raw materials
–
–
100
100
–
–
100
100
1DWXUDOJDVZKHWKHURUQRWOLTXHƂHGPetroleum oils, oils from bituminous materials, crude (333)
56
51
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43
49
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45/16/16/8/7
0.5906
0.6570
473
512
5
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
161
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
CAMBODIA
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
181,040
181,040
31
33
14,365
14,865
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
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3.1
7,973
8,479
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50
50
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
62
61
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
51
51
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6.9
8.69
10.67
605
705
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5.1
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
7.5
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26
49
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30
31
–
–
44
20
58
53
1DWXUDOUXEEHUDQGVLPLODUJXPVLQSULPDU\IRUPV
20
22
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19
18
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19
13
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67/15/12/2/1
0.3626
0.3254
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
162
641
1,036
32
16
SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA
INDONESIA
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
1,910,930
1,910,930
29
31
240,677
246,864
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2.5
118,023
123,441
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38
38
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
42
40
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39
40
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5.7
377.90
451.85
1,570
1,808
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13.5
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
13.6
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27
28
9
9
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47
51
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17
12
48
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16
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21/21/18/10/9
0.1254
0.1569
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
-13,149
-17,351
20
9
163
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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PRESENT
236,800
236,800
10
11
6,396
6,646
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3.5
3,169
3,414
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50
49
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
75
74
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52
52
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8.0
3.99
5.02
624
742
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18.4
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19.8
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11
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20
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14
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55
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71
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24
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18
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80
161
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
43
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164
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MALAYSIA
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
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330,800
330,800
23
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28,276
29,240
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11,977
12,722
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36
36
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13
12
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21
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178.67
206.37
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24.9
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28.5
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-10,721
5
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MYANMAR
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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676,590
676,590
19
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51,931
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27,971
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49
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Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
67
66
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16.6
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15.2
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
166
-1,008
-805
63
17
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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300,000
300,000
41
42
93,444
96,707
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38,719
41,664
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39
39
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
35
33
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14
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31
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
167
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
SINGAPORE
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&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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710
710
1
1
5,079
5,303
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30.3
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32.6
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8
82
83
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0.2707
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
168
2,644
3,522
n.a.
n.a.
SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA
THAILAND
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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PRESENT
513,120
513,120
41
43
66,402
66,785
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1.5
39,404
40,446
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
46
46
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
49
46
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45
45
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225.69
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3,399
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16.2
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16.7
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16
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17
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19
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39
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12
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-15,722
-17,292
36
7
169
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
TIMOR-LESTE
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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14,870
14,870
25
26
1,079
1,114
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6.5
343
383
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
33
33
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
80
79
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45
45
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0.3
0.4
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18
2
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98
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97
100
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28
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73
210
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
45
29
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170
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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330,951
330,960
33
35
89,047
90,796
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1.9
51,687
54,264
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
49
48
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
57
56
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49
49
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22.0
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24.0
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53
53
9
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54
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-6,472
-10,988
46
13
171
WESTERN ASIA
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
Kuwait
Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
Saudi Arabia
Iraq
Yemen
Qatar
100
80
Turkey
Oman
Jordan
60
Bahrain
United Arab
Emirates
Lebanon
40
Syrian Arab Republic
20
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise
exports, 2012-2013
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Saudi Arabia
Syrian Arab
Republic
Turkey
United Arab
Emirates
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Lebanon
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Kuwait
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Yemen
Syrian Arab
Republic
Turkey
United Arab
Emirates
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
Oman
Lebanon
Kuwait
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Syrian Arab
Republic
Turkey
United Arab
Emirates
Yemen
Qatar
Oman
Lebanon
Kuwait
Jordan
Iraq
Saudi Arabia
Syrian Arab
Republic
Turkey
United Arab
Emirates
Yemen
0
Qatar
20
0
Oman
40
20
Kuwait
60
40
Lebanon
80
60
Jordan
80
Iraq
100
Bahrain
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
Bahrain
Iraq
United Arab
Emirates
Yemen
Saudi Arabia
Syrian Arab
Republic
Turkey
Qatar
Oman
Lebanon
Kuwait
Jordan
Iraq
Bahrain
Bahrain
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
174
Iraq
Saudi Arabia
Syrian Arab
Republic
Turkey
United Arab
Emirates
Yemen
Qatar
Oman
Lebanon
Kuwait
Jordan
Iraq
Bahrain
Bahrain
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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760
760
11
11
1,252
1,318
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2.2
711
769
19
20
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
1
1
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
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20.93
22.95
16,722
17,231
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42.0
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48.9
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5
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55
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46
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27/13/7/7/7
0.4289
0.3565
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976
656
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
n.a.
n.a.
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
175
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IRAQ
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
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435,240
435,240
18
18
30,962
32,778
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:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
4.4
7,452
8,394
18
18
6
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51
52
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48.36
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1,562
1,818
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39.6
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
58.3
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–
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–
–
99
99
1
–
99
100
3HWUROHXPRLOVRLOVIURPELWXPLQRXVPDWHULDOVFUXGH
98
99
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0.8
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176
11,210
14,180
8
24
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
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89,320
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11
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6,455
7,009
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3.6
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1,795
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61
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177
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
KUWAIT
GENERAL INFORMATION
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17,820
17,820
9
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2,992
3,250
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2.7
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1,478
24
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1
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178
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10,450
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61
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4,647
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1.6
1,454
1,530
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179
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
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309,500
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180
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11,610
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46.7
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64.2
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181
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
SAUDI ARABIA
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2,149,690
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81
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27,258
28,288
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9,557
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182
10,561
20,030
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185,180
185,180
75
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21,533
21,890
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5,452
5,993
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15
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25
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13.5
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Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
All food items
42
66
2
2
52
29
4
4
60
44
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLOPetroleum oils, oils from bituminous materials, crude (333)
40
21
9HJHWDEOHVPetroleum oils or bituminous minerals > 70 % oil (334)
12
13
)UXLWVDQGQXWVH[FOXGLQJRLOQXWVIUHVKRUGULHGVegetables (054)
8
10
Agricultural raw materials
Fuels
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
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97
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85/7/2/2/1
0.6279
0.1495
-104
-9
n.a.
n.a.
FOOD SECURITY
$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
183
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
TURKEY
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
783,560
783,560
50
50
72,138
73,997
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
2.2
26,531
27,866
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
29
29
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
30
28
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
53
54
565.10
650.00
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&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
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3.5
7,834
8,674
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COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCE
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3.4
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
4.7
Î
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48
42
2
2
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18
18
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
32
38
44
49
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16
22
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLOGold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates) (971)
14
17
)UXLWVDQGQXWVH[FOXGLQJRLOQXWVIUHVKRUGULHG
14
10
Agricultural raw materials
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75
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([SRUWFRQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR+HUƂQGDKO+LUVFKPDQQLQGH[DQG
27/25/12/6/4
0.0981
0.0690
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$OOIRRGLPSRUWVYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
184
-4,471
-5,270
5
5
WESTERN ASIA
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
83,600
83,600
5
5
8,442
9,206
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
PRESENT
2.0
4,927
5,387
15
15
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
3
3
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
–
–
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
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3.7
229.85
204.45
24,219
24,593
n.a.
n.a.
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49.6
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
72.4
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6
5
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–
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69
75
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25
20
77
73
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57
51
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLO
11
11
9
11
7KUHHOHDGLQJFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
*ROGQRQPRQHWDU\H[FOXGLQJJROGRUHVDQGFRQFHQWUDWHVPearls and precious or semiprecious stones, unworked
or worked (667)
)LYHOHDGLQJGHVWLQDWLRQPDUNHWVIRUFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
70
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21/19/16/7/7
0.5344
0.4230
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
4,865
6,230
5
5
185
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
YEMEN
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
527,970
527,970
45
45
22,763
23,852
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/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
4.9
6,459
7,313
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
26
26
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
36
33
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
40
41
$QQXDOJURZWKUDWHRIUHDO*'3SHUFHQWDJH
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&RPPRGLW\LPSRUWYDOXHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIPHUFKDQGLVHLPSRUWYDOXHPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
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3.0
23.60
21.64
1,037
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23.2
22.8
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
Î
([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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8
8
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88
89
4
2
87
88
72
52
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29
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0.8487
0.5661
2,148
3,038
29
26
FOOD SECURITY
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Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
186
OCEANIA
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
Three leading commodity exports as a
percentage of commodity exports, 2012/13
140
Tuvalu
Kiribati
120
Micronesia
(Federated States of)
100
Nauru
Solomon Islands
80
60
Marshall Islands
Samoa
Tonga
40
Papua New Guinea
Vanuatu
Fiji
20
The size of the bubbles is proportional to Commodity dependence, 2012/13
Palau’s and Vanuatu’s bubbles are not visible on this graph as they are hidden by others’ bubbles
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Commodity exports as a percentage of GDP, 2012/13
Vanuatu
Tuvalu
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Samoa
Vanuatu
Tonga
Tuvalu
Palau
Papua New
Guinea
Samoa
Solomon
Islands
Kiribati
Marshall
Islands
Micronesia
(Federated
States of)
Nauru
Fiji
Solomon
Islands
Tonga
20
0
Palau
Papua New
Guinea
40
20
Kiribati
Marshall
Islands
Micronesia
(Federated
States of)
Nauru
40
Fiji
60
0
188
Minerals, ores and metals exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
100
80
60
80
Samoa
Vanuatu
Fuel exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Solomon
Islands
Tonga
0
Palau
Papua New
Guinea
0
Fiji
20
Tuvalu
40
20
Palau
60
40
Papua New
Guinea
Samoa
Solomon
Islands
Tonga
80
60
Kiribati
Marshall
Islands
Micronesia
(Federated
States of)
Nauru
100
80
Fiji
100
100
Vanuatu
Fiji
Agricultural raw materials exports, as a percentage
of commodity exports, 2012-2013
Kiribati
Marshall
Islands
Micronesia
(Federated
States of)
Nauru
All food exports, as a percentage of commodity exports,
2012-2013
Tuvalu
0
Samoa
Solomon
Islands
Tonga
20
0
Vanuatu
20
Tuvalu
40
Samoa
Solomon
Islands
Tonga
60
40
Palau
Papua New
Guinea
80
60
Kiribati
Marshall
Islands
Micronesia
(Federated
States of)
Nauru
100
80
Fiji
100
Palau
Papua New
Guinea
All food import value as a percentage of commodity
import value, 2012-2013
Kiribati
Marshall
Islands
Micronesia
(Federated
States of)
Nauru
Commodity exports as a percentage of merchandise
exports, 2012-2013
OCEANIA
FIJI
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
PAST
18,270
18,270
23
23
861
875
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/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
PRESENT
2.8
365
376
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
32
33
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
35
34
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
21
22
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2.1
3.02
3.19
3,508
3,622
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18.6
22.6
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
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([SRUWVE\FRPPRGLW\JURXSDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOFRPPRGLW\H[SRUWVDQG
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68
58
7
6
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15
24
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
10
11
52
56
3HWUROHXPRLOVRUELWXPLQRXVPLQHUDOV!RLOFishery products (03)
23
24
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15
20
1RQDOFRKROLFEHYHUDJHVQHVSugar, molasses and honey (061)
14
12
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81
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29/21/12/11/8
0.2462
0.2567
-71
-73
7
5
FOOD SECURITY
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
189
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
KIRIBATI
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
PAST
PRESENT
810
810
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
42
42
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
98
101
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
3.2
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48
51
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
42
43
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
23
22
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
27
27
0.11
0.12
1,134
1,186
n.a.
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3.0
3.5
Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
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All food items
98
99
Agricultural raw materials
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–
–
Ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold
1
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97
99
90
91
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metals; waste, scrap (289)
1
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95
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66/12/8/6/3
0.5727
0.8743
17
18
8
5
FOOD SECURITY
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1HWIRRGLPSRUWVPLOOLRQVRI86DQG
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption, 1991 and 2013
190
OCEANIA
MARSHALL ISLANDS
GENERAL INFORMATION
&RXQWU\DUHDVTXDUHNLORPHWUHVDQG
PAST
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180
180
Agricultural area as a percentage of country area, 2010 and 2012
72
72
3RSXODWLRQLQKDELWDQWVDQG
52
53
7RWDOIHUWLOLW\UDWHFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ
n.a.
/DERXUIRUFHZRUNHUVDQG
26
26
:RPHQLQODERXUIRUFHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOODERXUIRUFHDQG
42
42
Labour force in agriculture as a percentage of total labour force, 2010 and 2013
23
23
:RPHQLQDJULFXOWXUHDVDSHUFHQWDJHRIODERXUIRUFHLQDJULFXOWXUHDQG
33
33
0.15
0.16
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2,867
3,001
n.a.
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3.4
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Direction of commodity export dependence, 1995-2013
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All food items
70
86
–
–
28
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2
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94
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191
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192
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194
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70
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195
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750
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41
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104
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26
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90
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2
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81
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23
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198
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30
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60
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4
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50
50
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25
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199
THE STATE OF COMMODITY DEPENDENCE 2014
VANUATU
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43
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36
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8
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11
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200
Printing at United Nations, Geneva – 1504437 (E) – April 2015 – 1024 – UNCTAD/SUC/2014/7