Economics&Education 2016 01(01)
EDUCATION
Milena Aleksieva
Assoc. Prof., PhD
University of Veliko Turnovo, Theory and Methods of Physical Education Department
E-mail: [email protected]
Assessment of the special physical and the specific
technical preparedness of basketball players
Annotation
The purpose of this study is to optimize the training process of the best basketball players
(16-years-old) from the national team – cadets of Bulgaria, through analysis and evaluation of
their special physical fitness and specific technical-tactical preparedness. Subject of the study is
the basketball game in between growing up competitors-boys. Object of the study is the main
signs of the special physical fitness and specific technical-tactical preparedness in the basketball
in the age of 16. Contingent of the study is 18 basketball players, listed in the composition
of the Bulgarian national team for the respective age group under study. For achieving the
objective and tasks of the study, data for 14 indicators are registered (for physical preparedness
- 9 indicators and for technical-tactical preparedness - 5 indicators).
1 Introduction
As scientific category the control in sport came into
being and developing systematically because of the
need the information for status of different kind of
objects or systems to be generated and the process of
management to be optimized. It means that each kind
of control secured some information that has to be
analyzed and evaluated and after fixing the reasons for
the results obtained, the conduct of the process or of
the object under management to be correct (Gyosheva,
K., Tzarova R., et al., 1986; Brogli, Ya., 2012; Tzarova,
R., 2013).
The problem for control and optimization of the
sport preparedness is very important, but because of
its great complexity, it is still in the balance, both in
different countries, and in the different kind of sports
(Zhelyazkov, Tz., Brogli, Ya., Nojarov, P., Gyosheva, K.,
Iliev, I., 1977; Gyosheva, K Tzarov, K., Tzarova, R.,
1990; Kontostatis, A., 2001; Zhelyazkov, Tz., Dasheva,
D., 2002, 2012).
The training and development of young basketball
players is a complex and lengthy process. Successful
management of this process requires permanent
scientific research in order to establish the status of
the main indications of physical development and the
specific performance of each of the players (Tzarov, K.,
Tzarova, R., Kurmulis, A., 2011; Tzarova, R., Tzankova,
J., 2013).
The purpose of this study is to optimize the training
process of the best basketball players (16-years-old)
from the national team – cadets of Bulgaria, through
analysis and evaluation of their special physical fitness
and specific technical-tactical preparedness.
2 Methods
This study was conducted in the period September
2012 – July 2013.
Subject of the study is the basketball game in
between growing up competitors-boys.
Object of the study is the main signs of the special
physical fitness and specific technical-tactical
preparedness in the basketball in the age of 16.
Contingent of the study is 18 basketball players,
listed in the composition of the Bulgarian national team
for the respective age group under study. For achieving
Keywords
basketball, growing up players, physical
and technical-tactical preparedness,
assessment, optimization
the objective and tasks of the study, data for 14
indicators are registered (for physical preparedness - 9
indicators and for technical-tactical preparedness - 5
indicators).
The following methods of research are applied:
review study, and sport-pedagogical testing.
The results of the study are processed
mathematically and statistically by: variation analysis,
index method and sigma deviation method.
3 Results and discussion
The analysis of the results was directed at assessment
of the status of monitored indicators for all players
under study, with the assistance of norm-table,
elaborated on the base of the achievements of the best
Bulgarian basketball players of the same age (Tzarova,
R., Tzarov, K., 2005).
The analysis of fig. 1 gives a possibility to obtain a
notion about overall estimate for all-rounded physical
fitness of the team under study.
As it is seen on the figure 1, the basketball players
from the team under study have highest level of
development of the special speed of moving on the
cord without ball and of the dynamic strength of
abdomen muscles (indicators 1, 6 and 2). Disturbing
however, is the fact, that as regards the level of
development of the flexibility (indicator 9), dynamic
strength of the upper limbs and humeral girdle
(indicator 5) and dynamic strength of lower limbs in
the time of complicated coordination movement in
the horizontal plate (indicator 4), assessments of the
team under study are very low (respectively 13, 83 p.,
18,89 p. and 20,00 p.). The applying of the evaluation
T, as the first private optimization criterion, gives a
reason to consider that the accents in the future
training work with this national team have to be
directed to developing the indicators with the lowest
assessments. The efforts to develop the signs with
high assessments will be wasted.
Because of the needs of the study individual overall
estimates on physical fitness of the basketball players
under study are calculated (fig. 2). The analysis of the
figure shows, that the level of the special physical
preparedness of the players is rather varied – the
assessments are between 14,00 p. and 37,67 p. What is
positive here is the fact, that nearly 2/3 from the
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Economics&Education 2016 01(01)
EDUCATION
43,39
45,00
36,50
40,00
32,11
35,00
28,56
27,28
30,00
Points
Sprint 20 m
Running within cones
High jump
Hop (step and jump)
Throwing compact ball - forward
Abdomen presses
Rebound
168 m shuttle
Flexibility
25,00
20,00
29,50
18,89
20,00
13,83
15,00
10,00
5,00
0,00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Indicators
Figure 1 Assesment of the features of physical fitness
Fig. 1. Assessm ent of the features of physical fitness
assessments of the players is higher than the average
level for the combination under study (the best
Bulgarian basketball players – cadets). The assessments
for the level of the special physical preparedness of
Martin (∑T11 = 37,67 p.) and Georgi (∑T16 = 37,11 p.) are
the highest.
As it is seen on the figure 2, however, there are some
20,22
27,22
33,56
37,11
28,44
23,78
9
Martin
8
31,89
29,56
19,89
20,00
15,00
5,00
Petar
Dimitar S.
10,00
Nicolaj N.
14,00
Points
30,33
3
22,89
2
25,00
23,89
30,78
1
30,00
27,11
30,78
35,00
31,00
40,00
Georgi
37,67
players in the team, who have lower level of special
physical preparedness than the average level (25 p.) in
Bulgaria. Especially serious is the state of Petar, because
his assessment is only 14 p. The assessments for the
special physical preparedness of Nicolaj N. (∑T15 =
20,22 p.) and Dimitar S. (∑T5 = 19,89 p.) are also on a
low level. All this raises the question about the place of
0,00
4
5
6
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Players
Figure 2 Individual overall estimates on physical fitness
Fig.of2.Bulgaria.
I ndividual overall estim
on physical
fitness
theates
assessments
for their
specific technical and tactical
these boys in the national team
Because of verifying of this thesis, the individual preparedness (figure 3). This is the reason to be
overall estimates on specific technical and tactical considered that the players have to be putting out of
the national team of Bulgaria.
preparedness of the players are calculated (figure 3).
For the other players the individual overall estimates
The figure shows that the players indicated above
(Petar, Nicolaj N. and Dimitar S.) actually have on their specific technical and tactical preparedness are
problems with their preparedness. An evidence for it is higher than 30,40 p. This is a sign for a good work of the
not only the low assessments for the special physical couches and players in this direction. The highest level
preparedness, which were commented above, but also of technical-tactical mastery has Nicolaj S. – his overall
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Economics&Education 2016 01(01)
EDUCATION
estimate (∑T2 = 48,20 p.) is too close to the maximum
(50 p.). Martin and Georgi (No. 11 and No. 16) are the
next who have high level of technical-tactical mastery.
As it is seen above this players have highest level of
physical preparedness. All this gives a reason to consider
that Martin, Georgi and Nicolaj S. are the most prepared
41,00
39,40
38,80
38,00 38,40
34,00
32,40
35,00
Georgi
39,80
40,00
44,00
43,60
Martin
45,00
Nicolaj S.
48,20
50,00
36,80
34,20
36,20
30,40
Points
30,00
24,60
25,00
23,40
18,40
20,00
5,00
Petar
Dimitar S.
10,00
Nicolaj N.
15,00
0,00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Players
Figure 3 Individual overall estimates on technical-and-tactical preparedness
Fig. 3. I ndividual overall estim ates on technical-and-tactical preparedness
in the begining of the European championship.
The analysis of fig. 4 show that the team has serious
problems with the ability of its players to dribble in the
cord with high speed (indicator 12, ∑T12 = 23,00 p.).
As it was indicate above, the assessment T can be
used like a private criterion for optimization. Therefore,
the assessments, which were calculated for each of the
indicators of special physical and specific technicaltactical preparedness, give the possibility of the
couches to determine the accents in the future work
44,22
41,94
38,78
45,00
40,00
30,28
35,00
Points
30,00
23,00
25,00
Manipulation of the ball
Dribbling within cones
20,00
Dribbling index
Moving in defense
15,00
Shooting with a feeder
10,00
5,00
0,00
10
11
12
13
14
Indicators
Figure 4 Assessment of the features of technical-and-tactical preparedness
the work, purposeful priority
over development of:
with everyone of
the4.basketball
under
study. of technical-and-tactical
Fig.
Assessmplayers
ent of the
features
preparedness
For example, on the figures 5 and 6 are presented
• flexibility;
the individual models for optimization of the special
• explosive muscular strength of lower limbs in
physical and specific technical-tactical preparedness
the time of complicated coordination movement
for two of the players (Tzanko and Georgi H.).
in the horizontal plate
The analysis of the model, presented on figure 5
• explosive muscular strength of the upper limbs
and humeral girdle.
gives a reason to be considered that the biggest effect
on the general sports preparedness of Tzanko will have
Positive effect on the preparedness of this player
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Economics&Education 2016 01(01)
EDUCATION
1
50
14 48
45
2
38
40
35
13
37
3
27
30
25
20
26
15
12
10
34
0
5
38
10
11
0
33
11
4
8
5
29
38
29
6
9
7
8
Figure 5 Individual model for optimization of the physical fitness and technical-tactical prepardness - Tzanko
1 50
Fig. 5. I ndividual m odel for optim ization
of the physical fitness and technical50
50 preparedness
tactical
- Tzanko
14
2
45
50
40
50
13
35
3
30
25
30
20
15
12
10
20
50
35
5
0
24
16
11
4
5
46
10
6
50
40
9
43
7
8
Figure 6 Individual model for optimization of the physical fitness and technical-tactical prepardness - Georgi H.
will have also
for developing
theoptim
explosive
thephysical
dynamic strength
abdomen
muscles.
Fig.the
6. work
I ndividual
m odeloffor
ization of the
fitness of
and
technicalmuscular strength of the lower limbs
in the preparedness
vertical
2) -The
applying
tactical
Georgi
H. of the evaluation T, like a first
plate and the special speed of moving on the cord
private optimization criterion, gives a reason to
without the ball.
consider, that the accents in the future training
The accents in the work with Georgi H. (figure 6)
work with this national team have to be directed
have to be directed to the developing of:
to developing the indicators with the lowest
• flexibility;
assessments.
• ability for moving with dribbling in high speed
3)  Nearly 2/3 from the assessments of the players
• explosive muscular strength of the upper limbs
is higher than the average level for the
and humeral girdle.
combination under study (the best Bulgarian
basketball players – cadets).
4)  Some of the players have problems with their
4 Conclusions
preparedness and have to be putting out of the
national team of Bulgaria.
The results from the study and their analysis allow
5)  The assessments, which were calculated for
formulating the following conclusions:
each of the indicators of special physical and
1)  The basketball players from the team under study
specific technical-tactical preparedness, give
have highest level of development of the special
the possibility of the couches to determine the
speed of moving on the cord without ball and of
accents in the future work with everyone of the
basketball players under study.
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Economics&Education 2016 01(01)
EDUCATION
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