CRITICAL STAKEHOLDERS, DELIENATION OF ROLES &
RESPONSIBILITIES. AVOIDING DUPLICATION & CONTRADICTIONS
Dr Daramola T.O MBBS; FMCPsy, FCAI.
Consultant special 1 & Head of Behavioural Medicine
Karu District Hospital, Karu
Abuja
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INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS
DISASTERS
MANAGEMENT MODELS
LOCAL SITUATION
WORKABLE MODEL
DESIRABLES
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Disaster is a worldwide occurence
Could be natural or man-made
In Nigeria =
Flooding, drought (natural).
Terrorism, pipeline explosions, road & air
transportation accidents, Ethno-religious conflicts,
structural fires.
Includes Ogunpa flood- Aug 31,1980 about 300
csualties (Tomori N.D); Maitatsine riot –Dec 18, 1980,
about 4000 casualties (Danjibo 2009); Bagauda dam
break in Kano, Aug 1988 with about 148 casualties
(Etuonovbe 2011); Jesse oil pipeline explosion of Oct 17,
1998 with about 1000 deaths (ERA 1998, Onuoha 2009)
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Oviri court fire of July 10, 2000 due to pipeline vandalisation
in Delta with about 300 deaths (Onuoah 2009).
Military cantonment bomb explosions of Jan 27, 2002 in
Ikeja with over 800 deaths (Akpabio & Alao 2002)
Bellview airline Boeing 737 crash in Lisa village Ogun state
with 117 deaths in 2005
Sosoliso airlines DC – 9 crash of Dec 10, 2005 in PH killing
all 103 people on board. Others include Abule-Egba fire
2006, Abeokuta flood 2007
Boko Haram riots of July 25-30,2009 with over 700 deaths
(Nwankwo & Falola 2009)
Boko Haram bombings of UN headquarters, North-East,
Nyanya motor park, EMAB plaza, & more recently Kuje
market & Nyanya bombings
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Disaster- noun, an unexpected event such as a
very bad accident , a flood or a fire that kills a
lot of people or causes a lot of damage. Syn
catastrophe. Also air disaster, environmental
disaster.
(Oxford
Advanced
Learner’s
Dictionary, International student’s edition,
New 8th edition)
Disaster – n,1 a great or sudden misfortune, 2 a
complete failure (Illustrated Oxford Dictionary
Revised & updated 2003)
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Medical specialisation serving dual areas of
healthcare to disaster survivors & providing
medically related disaster preparation, disaster
planning, disaster response & disaster recovery
leadership throughout the disaster life cycle.
In the USA, there’s specialist training in
Disaster medicine with Board certification.
National Disaster Medical Systems was formed
in the 1980s.
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Provision of healthcare services by healthcare
professionals to disaster survivors & responders
both in disaster impact area & healthcare receiving
facilities.
Disaster Behavioural Health – Deals with
capability of disaster responders to perform
optimally & survivors to maintain or rapidly
restore functions during threat or actual impact of
disaster or extreme events.
Medical contingency planning – act of devising
methodology of meeting medical requirements of
affected population
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Disaster planning – Devising methodology of dealing
with disaster
Disaster preparation – Practicing & implementation of
disaster programmes before occurrence .
Disaster response – Ability to answer to intense
challenge of disaster.
Disaster recovery – Restoration or return to former or
better pre disaster condition
Disaster law – Legal aspect of disaster management
from planning to recovery.
Disaster life cycle – Interphase to recovery
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wikipedia
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Disaster mgt roles & responsibilities saddled with
council primarily to coordinate & manage disaster
emergency events within the region with support
from state government
Responsibilities
Establish local disaster management group
Develop & approve local disaster management
plan
Ensure capability to respond if event occur
Develop thorough approach to disaster mgt via
Prevention/Preparation/Response/Recovery.
Lead & enable local recovery
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3 levels
To ensure safety of community &
To preserve lives, livelihood & environment.
Local Disaster Management Group (LMDG)
reviews plan annually.
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Local
District
State
Attorney General department & Federal Government crisis
coordination centre coordinates at Federal level
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Consistency of disaster mgt/ operations with
state’s policy framework.
Develop effective disaster mgt with regular review
& assessment of disaster mgt.
Help to draw local disaster management plan for
local government.
Identify & provide advice to relevant district
group about support services required to enhance
disaster mgt & operations.
Ensure community awareness for mitigating
adverse effects of events, prepare for, respond to &
recover from an event
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Manage disaster operations under stipulated
policies
Report to & make recommendations to relevant
authourities,
Identify & coordinate disaster mgt resources in
area.
Establish & review communication systems in
group & with relevant agencies / collaborators.
Prompt communication of information to relevant
district group
Function incidental to function mentioned above
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Includes Mayor (Chair), Dep mayor, council
members, key personnel from council emergency
operations team, advisers/ reps from key agencies
such as emergency mgt of Queensland, Police,
Ambulance services, Fire & rescue services, Dept
of main roads, Community services, Dept of main
roads, Community services, Health, Parks
/Wildlife, Energex, Live savers association,
Telestra, Water cooperation, Radio, Airport.
LDMG meets 4ice / year timed with cognisance of
higher risk period.
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Provides whole of govt planning.
Coordinates resources to support local govts.
Chaired by Senior Police Officer (District
Disaster Coordinator).
FUNCTIONS
Develop district disaster mgt plan
Identify usable resources
Plan allocation & coordination of identified
resources
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Disaster management in Nigeria is defined as the
“coordination
& integration of all activities
necessary to build, sustain, & improve the
capability to prepare for, protect against, respond
to & recover from threatening or actual natural or
human induced disasters” (NDMF 2010 p1)
Organised disaster mgt in Nigeria dates back to
1906 when Fire Brigade was charged with the
responsibility of battling fires, saving lives,
protecting properties & responding to disasters
(NDMF 2010)
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Function initially ad-hoc & housed in offices of
Head of State & State Governors (NDMF 2010)
1976 – National Emergency Relief Agency (NERA)
in response to drought b/w 1972-1973
1990 – Inter-ministerial body to develop ways to
reduce natural disaster risks in line with UN
international decade for Natural Disaster
Reduction (NMDF 2010).
1993 – Decree 119 hence scope of NERA expanded
to all types of disaster & independence of NERA
under the office of the president. (NMDF 2010)
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Developed in 2010 to offer holistic approach to
managing disasters
Participation from wide array of players including
Federal, State, & Local govt, CSOs, Private sector
organisation.
Ensures efficient & effective disaster mgt for govt
officials, community leaders, private organisations,
CSOs & practitioners.
Defines
roles & responsibilities of disaster
management stakeholders.
Clear indication of paradigm shift from response &
recovery to other phases of disaster mgt (NDMF
2010)
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NEMA – Lead agency for disaster management at
Federal level with 6 zonal offices (Fagbemi 2011).
Established in March 1999 via act 50
SEMA & LEMA at state and local levels
respectively.
All 3 charged with responsibility of developing
capabilities to prepare, prevent, respond to, &
recover from disasters.
Others include but not limited to Military, Police,
Para-military, & CSOs also disaster response units
(NDMF 2010)
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1st responders are community institutions such as
CBOs, FBOs, NGOs complemented by Emergency
Management Volunteers (EMV).
More resources from SEMA & NEMA.
Challenges
include
inadequate
funding,
inadequate disaster education, difference in EM
structure at state level, lack of collaboration among
different levels of govt, corruption.
Currently, only 22 states have SEMA backed by
law.
About 6 Nigerian Universities have dev curricula
in risk reduction with Masters in risk mgt.
Fagbemi 2011)
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Emergency support functions form primary
mechanism of Federal response assistance. 12 in
number.
Each ESF headed by a primary agency selected
based on its authorities, resources & capabilities
Other agencies designated as support agencies for
1 or more ESF based on their resources &
capabilities
Assistance to states via Federal Coordinating
officer appointed by FEMA director on behalf of
the president who coordinates all federal
assistance programmes.
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Transportation – (Civilian & Military) Dept of Transp
Communications – National comm systems
Public works & engineering – Army Engineering corp
Fire fighting – US Forest service
Information & planning - FEMA
Mass care resource support – Red Cross / NGOs
Resource support – equipmt,mate, ss,personnel (GAS)
Health & Medical services - HHS
Urban search and rescue - FEMA
Hazardous materials – EPA
Food =food needs & supply – Dept Agric, Food &
Nutrition service
Energy – Dept of Energy
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Large agencies – Material relief / rescue ops
Reconstruction & medical / financial aid
Small & localised NGOs – Rescue / material
relief with support from large relief
organisations & international aid agencies.
Minimal involvement in mitigation activities
by NGOs
Smaller NGOs revert to their pre-disaster
programmes
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More coordinated & just distribution of relief
materials
Capacity to involve larger no of volunteers esp
from community
More effective disaster & post disaster medical
relief & health services
Large participation of community in planning
/ implementation of relief & reconstruction
activities ( people’s participation)
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Deliberate effort at disaster risk reduction
strategies.
Reinvigoration of collaborative efforts with
important & relevant stakeholders as a priority.
Registration of NGOs, CSOs, FBOs, CBOs
interested in disaster risk reduction.
Adequate education & poverty reduction
programmes
Adequate leverage on available resources –
human, financial, expertise & collaborations
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Integration of risk reduction measures into
National plan
Increased collaboration with developed nations
in areas of training of personnel and other
required assistance in disaster prevention,
planning, & management
Leadership by Disaster Management Expert
preferably a Specialist in Disaster Medicine.
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FOR YOUR ATTENTION