The Role of Triangular Cooperation
in Improving Effectiveness
of South-South Cooperation
Japan International Cooperation Agency
18 December, 2008
UN/HQ in New York
Contents
1. An overview of JICA’s support to SouthSouth cooperation
2. What we learned and how we are trying
to improve our approach to SSC
3. Case study: Asia-Africa Knowledge
Creation Programme
4. Win-win-win scenario of triangular
cooperation
1. An overview of JICA’s support to
South-South Cooperation
 Long history: started in 1975, before BAPA
 Covering all regions in the South
 Diversity of modalities
- Bilateral (one on one) /one to multiple
countries
- Intra-regional and inter-regional
 Incremental nature
- Starting from support to a single
organization, shifting to national capacity
development
Rational for JICA’s support to
SSC
Knowledge sharing is the most effective
way of consolidating the results of capacity
development : “teaching is learning”
Applicable experiences/appropriate
technologies for the South exist in the
South
Value addition to JICA’s TA to a country
through partnering with other countries in
the South
Combination of the above
Dissemination of
the outputs of
JICA’s cooperation
Collaboration
between
JICA and a partner
S2
S2
S2
S1
Japan
Japan
S1
Common feature: Based on bilateral cooperation between
JICA and a country in the South
Traditional approach: two-step
technical cooperation
1. Capacity development of a country
2. Diffusion of the outcomes of TA to other
countries as phasing out strategy
Rationale
-Technologies already modified to fit to
local conditions
- Proximity in economic, social, and
cultural settings
3. Further capacity development in the
process of diffusion by providing technical
backstop
Kassetsart University
Of Thailand
JICA
Step 1
Technical cooperation on
Agricultural Extension
Training course on the role of
Women in improving rural
livelihood
Step 2
Indonesia
Philippines
Kenya
Lessons learned
 Capacity of the provider of SSC was certainly
developed
 Projects were designed in a supply-driven manner
 Limited impacts of SSC in beneficiary countries
- Needs of beneficiary countries not adequately
identified
- Outcomes of the projects were not
institutionalized , SSC was provided in isolation
Like other TA, SSC should also be demand-driven
2. The ways for improving our
approach
• Ensuring demand-driven project design
• Increasing effectiveness in matching
knowledge provides and seekers
• Increasing impacts and possibility of
sustainability
• Capacity development as a systematic
provider of SSC
Joint needs assessment, project
design, monitoring and evaluation
JCPP Project
JICA Technical Cooperation
Project(bilateral)
JICA
HQ
JICA
Colombian
Inter. Co.
Agency
Japan
Tech.
Inst.
Colombian
Tech.Inst.
※ AGCI: Chilean International Cooperation Agency
JICA
AGCI
Chilean
Tech.
Inst.
Joint Implementating JCPP Projects
in case of Colombia
Dispatch of Study Team
(Chile⇒Colombia)
Dispatch of Study Team
Project
(Colombia⇒Chile)
Formation
Participaroty Workshops
Project Design
Signing Project Document
Implementation
Technical Cooperation
in Colombia
Training in Chile
Monitoring
Monitoring
Joint Coordination Committee
Colombia
Chile
Tech. Acción
Tech.
JICA
AGCI** JICA
Inst. Social*
Inst.
Mid-Term Evaluation
Evaluation Final Evaluation
Joint Coordination Committee
*Acción Social: Colombian International Cooperation Agency
**AGCI:Chilean International Cooperation Agency
Creation of a mechanism to enhance
effectiveness in knowledge matching
Integration of SSC into the country cooperation
programme of a beneficiary county
JICA
Egypt
Tunisia
Country cooperation
programme to Iraq
Health
Water supply
Jordan
Rural
development
Electrification
Syria
National capacity development as a
systematic provider of SSC
Partnership programme with governments
1. Policy development
2. Budget allocation
3. Coordination with implementing
agencies
4. Soliciting requests
5. Project planning, monitoring, evaluation
Partnership Program Member Countries (as of March, 2005)
Tunisia (‘99)
Thailand (‘94)
Morocco (‘03)
Jordan (‘04)
Philippines (‘02)
Brazil (‘00)
Mexico (‘03)
Egypt (‘98)
Singapore (‘97)
Indonesia (‘03)
Chile (‘99)
Argentina (‘01)
3. Case Study: Asia-Africa Knowledge Creation
programme
• Project formulated through meetings among Asian, African institutions
• Project implemented through several steps
Initial Seminar
Mid-term Seminar
Pilot Project
Final Seminar
Final Output
Asia
A
C
A
B
D
A
D
A
D
F
E
Africa
B
E
B
E
C
F
C
F
D
B
C
F
E
Hospital management project
5S: Management tool originated in Japan
JICA
Eritrea
Sudan
Tanzania
Sri Lanka
Nigeria
Burundi
AAKCP
(Asia-Africa Knowledge Co-creation)
TQM-CQI-5S in Public Hospitals in 8 African countries
BASELINE
PHOTOGRAPHS
AUGUST 2007
Before
5S
OPEN REGISTRY
FEBRUARY 2008
MID.
YEAR
August 2008
After
1year
The Hospital Pharmacy before 5S
The same pharmacy !
thanks to 5S
What worked
• Management tool modified to fit the local
conditions of Sri Lanka: increased
applicability
(Flat society of Japan vs. hierarchical
society in Sri Lanka, lower cost approach)
• Implementation of pilot projects in each
country: consolidation of capacity
development
Impacts on African countries
• Aspiration
“If they can do it, we can do it as well!!”
• Mutual learning/competition among African
countries
• Evolution into full-fledged projects for
national capacity development
4. Win-win-win scenario of
triangular cooperation
Win to the providers of SSC: what they gain
through triangular cooperation
• Re-discovery of their won capacity
• Improved effectiveness in cooperation through
enhanced needs assessment and provision of
tailor-made programmes
• Better chance of matching with partners
otherwise no chance to meet
• Financial support through cost sharing
• Increased credibility: better chance of winning
support in the own government
• Lower barrier for starting SSC
• Enhanced ownership
Win to the beneficiaries of SSC: what they
gain through triangular cooperation
• Better access to applicable knowledge,
skills and technologies
• Better chance of matching with partners
otherwise no chance to meet
• Better chance of winning support from own
governments
• Enhanced ownership
• Aspiration: “we can do it!”
Win to JICA
• Empowerment and enhanced ownership
of the parties involved in SSC
• Improved effectiveness of cooperation
through utilizing applicable technology and
showcasing Southern-grown success
cases
• Increase in available resources
• New relations with middle income
countries
Thank you！
Gracias！
Merci！
謝謝！