International Energy Agency
Implementing Agreement
for a
Co-operative Programme
on
Geothermal Energy
Research and Technology
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
End-of-Term Report 2002-2007
and
Plans for 2007-2012
30 October 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Summary....................................................................................................................................1
1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................2
2. Objectives and Strategy......................................................................................................2
3. Participation of Countries (Contracting Parties) and Industry (Sponsors)..................3
4. Work Programme and Nature of Work...........................................................................5
5. Coordination with Other Bodies......................................................................................10
6. Information Dissemination...............................................................................................11
7. Scale of Activities..............................................................................................................13
8. Achievements, Benefits and Issues..................................................................................16
9. Overall Significance of Agreement..................................................................................20
10. Outlook and Plans Beyond 2007- Strategic Plan Update..............................................21
11. References..........................................................................................................................22
12. List of GIA Publications, Presentations, Etc..................................................................22
ATTACHMENT I
GIA 2007-2012 Strategic Plan Outline..............................................33
ATTACHMENT II GIA Executive Committee (October 2006).......................................34
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Summary
The GIA Executive Committee concludes that, based upon the evaluation of its second term of operation (12
March 2002-31 March 2007) and its plans for a third term (1 April 2007-31 March 2012) presented in the
following report, the Committee for Energy Research and Technology (CERT) criteria for the extension of
Implementing Agreements have been met.
The GIA believes that it has done an excellent job in executing its 2002-2007 Strategic Plan. The GIA’s
programme has been useful to its Participants through its contributions to Member countries’ renewable energy
technology goals, has supported the strategies of CERT and the IEA Renewable Energy Working Party, and has
contributed positively to the quality of the IEA’s energy technology collaboration programme. The GIA has
been productive, especially so in its information dissemination programme; cost effective; responsive to
evolving international R&D requirements; and has grown in membership.
As of March 2007, the GIA will have completed its second 5-year term of international collaboration, during
which it has conducted work in five Annexes, begun studies in two new Subtasks and one new Annex, and
continued work in three Annexes well into the next term. The number of Members has grown from 10 in 2002
to 14 in 2006, with the joining of one new country and the IA’s first three Sponsors from industry. The GIA has
greatly extended the content of its annual report, making it more informative and useful to its participants and
financial and government institutions; and re-developed its website to make it more user-friendly and
informative to both participants and the general public. The number of publications has increased significantly,
from 92 in the first term to 157 in the second. The growth in GIA’s plans and activities during the current term
necessitated the formation of a dedicated Secretariat Office with a part-time Secretary, supported through a
Common Fund.
At the 15th ExCo Meeting held in Paris, France, in March 2006, all GIA Participants voted unanimously for a 5year extension of the GIA. The GIA Executive Committee therefore proposes that the IEA GIA be extended for
a third 5-year term to 31 March 2012.
Table 1. Performance of the GIA programme.
MEASURE
1997-2002 TERM
CURRENT (2002-2007) TERM
Number of Members
12
14
Active Tasks at End of Term
4
4*
Number of GIA Sponsored/Initiated
Meetings/Seminars/Workshops
0
4
Number of Publications
92
157
* Annex IV, the fifth active GAI Annex of the 2nd Term was closed in September 2006, reducing the number of
active Annexes at the end of the term to 4.
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1. Introduction
The second term of International Energy Agency (IEA) Implementing Agreement for a Co-operative Programme
on Geothermal Energy Research and Technology (GIA) ends on 31 March 2007. The first term of the GIA
began on 7 March 1997, with the current term approved by the IEA Committee on Energy Research and
Technology (CERT) at their 30th Meeting on 27-28 November 2001.
The IEA-GIA Executive Committee (ExCo) unanimously agreed to apply for a 3 rd 5-year term of
operation at its 15th ExCo Meeting held in Paris, France, on 16-17 March 2006. Consequently, this report
was written to provide information on the activities of the IEA GIA for the period 7 March 2002 to 31 March
2007, which will assist the Renewable Energy Working Party (REWP) and CERT in assessing the GIA’s
proposed extension for a third 5-year term. This report follows the Guidelines for End-of-Term Reports
approved by CERT on 26-27 June 2001 and included as Annex I to the document: Criteria and Review Process
for the Extension of Implementing Agreements [IEA/CERT(2002)24], dated 26-27 June 2002.
The IEA-GIA ExCo unanimously approved this End-of-Term (EoT) report via e-mail ballot on 27 October 2006.
The report was delivered to the GIA’s REWP Liaison Officer, Mr Roberto Vigotti, via e-mail on 31 October
2006, with the GIA’s request that the Agreement be extended for an additional 5 years, to 31 March 2012.
Simultaneous with the production of the GIA EoT, the GIA ExCo has prepared an updated Geothermal Energy
Strategic Plan to guide the activities of the IEA-GIA through its third 5-year term.
2. Objectives and Strategy
The objectives of the Implementing Agreement for a Co-operative Programme on Geothermal Energy Research
and Technology are specified in Article 1 of the Agreement (IEA GIA, 2006) and consist of international
scientific collaborative efforts to:



Compile and exchange information on geothermal energy research and development worldwide
concerning existing and potential technologies and practices
Develop improved technologies for geothermal energy utilization
Improve the understanding of the environmental benefits of geothermal energy and ways to avoid or
ameliorate environmental impacts
These objectives are consistent with the CERT’s Mission “...to support the IEA’s mission and goals by
promoting the development and deployment of clean and advanced energy technologies through international
networking, co-operation, collaboration, analysis and policy advice” (CERT, 2002). They all contribute to
helping the GIA achieve its 2002-2007 overall mission: “To advance and support the use of geothermal energy
on a worldwide scale by overcoming barriers to its development.”
The GIA Strategic Plan 2002-2007 (IEA GIA, 2003) recognized the significant contribution that the world’s
large and ubiquitous geothermal resources could make to the provision of clean energy (electricity generation
and direct use) globally, by addressing the above objectives. Furthermore, these objectives were augmented with
others aimed at increasing the use of geothermal energy by overcoming identified key barriers to geothermal
development and utilization, including: cost and perception of cost, social, environmental and for certain forms
of geothermal development (e.g. Enhanced Geothermal Systems [EGS]), technical obstacles:





Expand R&D collaboration
Increase outreach to non-Member countries with large geothermal energy potential
Evaluate market stimulation mechanisms
Improve dissemination of information about geothermal energy
Leverage limited R&D funding
The GIA’s strategy to achieve the above stated objectives has been to pursue the following initiatives:


Support the participation by both OECD and non-OECD Member Countries having important
geothermal resources
Expand task activities to cover a broader range of topics
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IEA Geothermal


Evaluate national renewable energy incentive and deployment programmes for stimulation of market
development
Increase assembled R&D and other GIA information dissemination through its website, an expanded
annual report, conference and meeting participation and brochures
The GIA ExCo considers possible new technical areas and issues for cooperation on a regular basis. During the
current 5-year term, the GIA has initiated one new Task: Direct Use of Geothermal Energy (Annex VIII) and
two new Subtasks: Annex I Subtask D- Seismic Risk From Fluid Injection Into Geothermal Systems and Annex
III Subtask E Field Studies of EGS Reservoir Performance.
Another annex being considered for implementation is Annex V Sustainability of Geothermal Energy
Utilization, which currently exists in draft form. A review paper with identified research topics was written
(Rybach and Mongillo, 2006) and presented at a major international geothermal meeting (Geothermal Resources
Council 2006 Annual Meeting), as an initial step for consideration of adding this to the GIA’s work plan. Since
the GIA’s three first industry members joined in 2006, the GIA is also considering what new studies could be
added to use their special skills and experience, though implementation of any new work will most likely wait
until the new term.
Studies in the GIA’s five ongoing Annexes have been developed and pursued to meet the abovementioned
objectives while also providing high quality data and information in the most economic manner.
3. Participation of Countries (Contracting Parties) and Industry (Sponsors)
3.1 GIA Members
Membership in the GIA continues to grow. When the GIA formed in 1997, there were six founding country
members (the European Commission, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United
States). Six new countries joined in the first 5-year term (Australia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy and
Mexico). During the current 5-year term, four more members joined: one country (The Republic of Korea in
2005) and GIA’s first industry members (Sponsors) (ORMAT Technologies Inc., Green Rock Energy Limited
and Geodynamics Limited [all in 2006]). As of October 2006, there were 14 Members, comprising 10
Contracting Parties, 3 Sponsors and 1 organization (Table 2).
All Members, both Contracting Parties and Sponsors, must participate in at least one Annex operated under the
Geothermal Agreement and must continue to do so throughout the remainder of their membership. Current
participation in the various GIA Tasks is shown in Table 3.
3.2 Non-GIA Members
Representatives from non-Member countries have often been invited to attend and participate in ExCo meetings
as Observers and Invited Guests. This term, the ExCo formally invited China, France, Indonesia, the
Philippines, Poland, the Republic of Korea, Russia and Turkey to participate as Observers. Of these, the
Republic of Korea, France and Poland attended ExCo Meetings this term, with Korea joining the GIA in 2005.
The GIA also encourages participation of non-Member countries in its Annex work, where it is clear that they
can make a contribution and where participation encourages their joining the organization. During the current
term, Turkey and the Philippines participated in Annex I, and Poland in Annex VIII.
3.3 Industry Participation
Industry involvement in the GIA began for the first time in 2006, with three companies joining as Sponsor
Members (see Table 2). These Sponsors participate on the Executive Committee and are required to participate
in at least one Annex, as are Contracting Parties. All three of these Sponsors have chosen to participate in
Annexes III, IV and VII, and exactly how they partake will be defined in the near future.
As a result of contacts made at the World Geothermal Congress 2005 exhibition booth, two industries and one
organization involved with deep geothermal drilling were officially invited to join the GIA. To date, only the
deep drilling organization, the Iceland Deep Drilling Project, has indicated an interest in joining the GIA, though
they wish to wait until their drilling project is complete and information starts to flow from the project.
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Table 2. Contracting Party and Sponsor Membership in the IEA Implementing Agreement for a
Co-operative Programme on Geothermal Research and Technology.
Country
Contracting Party
Australia
Primary Industries and Resources SA (PIRSA)
European Commission
Commission of the European Communities
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH(F-J)
Germany
Iceland
Orkustofnun (The National Energy Authority)
Italy
ERGA Spa (ENEL Group)
Japan
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)
Instituto dè Investigaciones Eléctricas (IIE)
Mexico*
New Zealand
Republic of Korea
Switzerland
GNS Science
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)
Swiss Federal Office of Energy
United States of America
US Department of Energy (US DOE)
Industry Home Country
Sponsor
Australia
Geodynamics Limited
Australia
Green Rock Energy Limited
United States of America
ORMAT Technologies Inc.
* Non-IEA Member Country participant
3.4 Potential for Increased Participation
The current GIA Strategic Plan recognized that significant geothermal development is occurring in countries
outside membership of the GIA, and in several cases the IEA, and that their membership in the GIA could
benefit both them and the GIA. Consequently, nine countries: China, France, Indonesia, the Philippines, Poland,
the Republic of Korea, Russia, Sweden and Turkey were formally and unanimously invited by the ExCo to join
the GIA. As already mentioned, the Republic of Korea joined, and efforts continue to encourage the others.
There are other countries in Eastern Europe, Africa and Central/South America that could also contribute to and
benefit from membership in the GIA.
However, there are obstacles to overcome, including the funding required for Common Fund dues, travel costs
for attending meetings, and difficulties with identifying proper contacts. In some cases, the GIA has not
approached some countries, as it was clear that lack of funds would preclude their membership. In some cases
the IEA could help by identifying appropriate contacts in countries of interest, and possibly through assistance
with obtaining financial support.
3.5 Withdrawals
During the second term, Contracting Parties from two countries, Greece and the United Kingdom, withdrew
from GIA membership. In both cases, withdrawal was the consequence of the participants not being able to
meet the financial obligation of contributing to a GIA Common Fund that was established to operate a permanent
Secretariat Office.
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4. The Work Programme and Nature of Work
4.1 Nature of Work
The GIA provides a flexible framework for wide-ranging international cooperation in geothermal R&D. It
brings together significant national programmes and focuses especially on assembling specific know-how and on
generating synergies by forming direct links of cooperation between geothermal groups and specialists in the
participating countries, organizations and industries. Its current activities are directed primarily toward the
coordination of ongoing national programmes of the participants in geothermal exploration, development and
utilization of geothermal resources. More recently, there has been an initiation of activities to investigate
common specific problems (i.e. induced seismicity and EGS field studies). Significant emphasis is placed upon
information exchange and information dissemination.
The results obtained from the Annex work consist mainly of: published technical papers, presentations at
international meetings and workshops, reports, and contributions to the GIA Annual Reports. Some databases
have also been created, as has a handbook for EGS development. The GIA Annual Report has become a
significant document in which comprehensive information is provided on the work of the ExCo, the Annex
research and the activities in the Member Countries. The ExCo Meeting minutes have also grown into more
substantial and valuable documents through the inclusion of detailed Annex and Country update reports and
presentations from invited observers and guests. The GIA website, which underwent extensive re-development
in late 2004, now provides a large variety of information for Members, non-Members and the public.
The GIA ExCo established a permanent Secretariat (based in New Zealand for the current term) supported by a
part-time Secretary in March 2003. The Secretary deals with the ongoing administration, assists with the
management of the organization and provides a significant part of the information dissemination, including the
preparation of the GIA Annual Reports.
4.2 Executive Committee
The GIA Executive Committee (ExCo) manages the work programme of the organization. Each Member
Country and Sponsor has a seat on the ExCo. Though most of the GIA work is conducted through the Annexes,
the ExCo has also become very active this term, especially through its participation in IEA events and through its
information dissemination activities (see section 7.1 below).
4.3 Active Annexes
There were 5 active Annexes operating during the GIA’s current term, four having continued from the previous
5-year term. New problems of interest to several of the participants were identified and led to the establishment
of new Annex VIII, and to the initiation of new Subtasks in Annexes I and III. Three Annexes (I, III and VII)
were extended for a further 4 years, from 2005 to 2009; and Annex IV was closed in September 2006. Member
participation in the Annexes, funding sources, Annex start and ending dates are shown in Table 3.
All of the GIA Tasks were operated in the “task-sharing” mode of funding during the current term.
A summary of Annex descriptions and results achieved are provided below. See Table 3 for start dates. All
current Annexes are ongoing, with no specific completion dates yet defined. A complete list of Annex
publications is included in section 12.2.
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Table 3. Country and industry participation funding sources and periods of operation for the current Annexes.
Annex
I
Participating Country
Environment
Impacts of
Geothermal
Development
III
G
G
EC
G
G
G
OA, G
G, U
G
Italy
I
I
Japan
R
OA, R
Mexico
G
G
G
OA, R, I
R, I
I
New Zealand
OA, I
I
R
Republic of Korea
R
R
Switzerland
USA
VIII
G
G
Iceland
VII
Enhanced
Deep
Advanced
Direct Use of
Geothermal Geothermal Geothermal Drilling Geothermal
Systems
Resources
Techniques
Energy
Australia
Germany
IV
G
G
N
N
OA, N
U
Geodynamics Limited
I
I
I
I
Green Rock Energy
Limited
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1997
1997
1997
2001
2003
2009
2009
2006
2009
2007
Ongoing
Ongoing
Ongoing
Ongoing
Ongoing
Participating Sponsor
ORMAT Technologies
Inc.
Start Date
Date Current Term of
Annex Continuing To
End Date*
G = Government; I = Industry; R = Research Institute (government funded); N = National Laboratory (government funded);
U = University; OA = Operating Agent
* = Ongoing means no fixed end date yet determined.
Annex I Environmental Impacts of Geothermal Energy Development


Operating Agent: GNS Science, Wairakei, New Zealand
Task Leader: Chris Bromley, GNS Science, New Zealand
Participants
 Member Countries: New Zealand (Subtasks: A-D), Iceland (Subtasks: A-C), USA (Subtasks: A, B,
D), Japan (Subtasks: C, D), Mexico (Subtask: B), Italy (Subtask: B), EU (Subtask: D), Australia
(Subtask: D).
 Sponsor Members (Subtask D): Geodynamics, Green Rock Energy, ORMAT Technologies
 Non-Member Countries: Philippines, Turkey
The work in this Annex, which began in 1997, is to clearly identify possible environmental effects of geothermal
energy development and devise and adopt methods to avoid or minimize their impacts. The term of this Annex
was extended to 2009. The activities are spread over 4 Subtasks:
Subtask A: Impacts on Natural Features (Leader: Chris Bromley, GNS, New Zealand) focuses on
documenting known impacts of geothermal developments on natural geothermal features such as geysers, hot
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springs and fumaroles. The aim is to provide a sound basis on which to devise methods to accurately monitor
changes and avoid or mitigate the impacts of development.
Subtask B: Discharge and Reinjection Problems (Leader: Trevor Hunt/Ed Mroczek, GNS, New Zealand)
concentrates on the effects of gas emissions, the effects of toxic chemicals in waste fluid that is discharged both
into the ground and into rivers, and the effects of ground subsidence. Projects examine the problems associated
with disposal of waste geothermal fluids and the effects of CO 2, Hg and H2S gas emissions, and subsidence.
Subtask C: Methods of Impact Mitigation and Environmental Procedures (Leader: Chris Bromley,
GNS, New Zealand) aims to develop an effective, standard environmental analysis process for identifying and
promoting practical field management strategies that result in improved environmental outcomes. Successful
mitigation schemes that provide developers and regulators with options for compensating unavoidable effects are
identified, documented and promoted.
Subtask D: Seismic Risk From Fluid Injection Into Geothermal Systems (Subtask Co-Leaders: Ernie
Majer, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, USA; Roy Baria/Andre
Gerard, EU) is a new subtask, which commenced in 2004, and addresses issues concerning induced seismicity
risks. Induced seismic events, particularly in conjunction with EGS reservoir development, but also in regular
geothermal operations, have been large enough (M>4) to be felt, in places, raising concerns with local
inhabitants. This Subtask investigates these events to obtain a better understanding of why they occur so that
they can either be avoided or mitigated.
Annex III Enhanced Geothermal Systems (previously Hot Dry Rock)


Operating Agent: the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO),
Japan
Task Leader: Isao Matsunaga, AIST, Japan
Participants
 Member Countries: Australia (Subtasks C and D), EC (Subtasks C, D, and E), Germany (Subtasks
C, D, and E), Italy (Subtask C), Japan (Subtasks C and D), Switzerland (Subtasks C and D),
USA (all Subtasks)
 Sponsor Members: Geodynamics, Green Rock Energy, ORMAT Technologies
 Non-Member Countries: None
The activity addresses new and improved technologies, which can be used to artificially stimulate geothermal
resources to enable commercial heat extraction. The term of this Annex was extended to 2009. The work in this
Annex is divided among four Subtasks (note that Subtask A, involving the evaluation of the economics of EGS
systems, was successfully completed in 2001):
Subtask B: Application of Conventional Technology to EGS (Subtask Leader: Joel Renner, Idaho
National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, USA) is aimed at modifying conventional geothermal
development technology, such as horizontal drilling, fracture detecting and mapping, and pumping, for
application to EGS energy development.
Subtask C: Data Acquisition and Processing (Subtask Leader: Thomas Mégel, Geowatt AG,
Switzerland) involves the definition of information necessary for the realization of a commercial EGS energy
producing plant at each stage of reservoir characterization, design and development, and of construction and
operation.
Subtask D: Reservoir Evaluation (Subtask Leader: Tsutomu Yamaguchi, AIST, Japan) aims to compile
and make clear what kind of methods, techniques, and tools are effective for reservoir evaluation; and then
establish the evaluation method that can be applied to develop a new HDR site, through the use of an Internet
questionnaire.
Subtask E: Field Studies of EGS Reservoir Performance (Subtask Leaders: Peter Rose, EGI University
Utah, USA and Andre Gerard, EEIG, EC) is one of two new Subtasks initiated during the GIA’s second term. It
conducts field studies of EGS reservoir development and performance with the intent of understanding reservoir
behaviour and the sustainability of energy recovery. This topic covers a broad area and includes subjects such as
hydraulic stimulation, fracture mapping, tracer analysis, geophysical methods, and geochemistry.
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Annex IV Deep Geothermal Resources


Operating Agent: Forschungszentrum Juelich (F-J), Germany
Task Leader: Dieter Rathjen, Forschungszentrum Juelich (F-J), Germany
Participants
 Member Countries: Germany and Mexico
 Sponsor Members: Geodynamics, Green Rock Energy, ORMAT Technologies
 Non-Member Countries: None
This Annex deals with issues associated with commercial development of geothermal resources at > 3,000 m.
The work of this Annex is very closely related to that of Annex III (EGS) because enhanced geothermal systems
studies are being pursued in several regions where the desired high temperatures are reached at much greater
depths (> 4,000 m) than in the “normal” high-temperature geothermal fields. In addition, to access deep
geothermal resources requires drilling to depths > 3,000 m, i.e. “deep” drilling. Consequently, some of the
Annex IV projects have “crossed-over” into Annexes III and VII; with the effect that Annex IV’s activities have
declined as those in Annex III and VII have grown. As a result, the ExCo decided at its 16 th Meeting on 7-8
September 2006 that since 2006 was the last year of the Annex’s current term, it was appropriate to close it and
transfer the remaining investigations appropriately into Annexes III and VII.
The work was divided among three Subtasks:
Subtask A: Exploration Technology and Reservoir Engineering (Subtask Leader: to be appointed) seeks
to carry out collaborative research on exploration technology, including geothermal modelling; geophysical,
geological and geochemical exploration; and on reservoir engineering, including reservoir characterization and
reservoir modelling.
Subtask B- Drilling and Logging Technology (Subtask Leader: to be appointed) aims to carry out
collaborative research on drilling and logging technologies, including the reviews of drilling and logging reports
of deep geothermal wells; and exchange of information on improvements in drilling and logging tools.
Subtask C- Reservoir Evaluation (Subtask Leader: to be appointed) seeks to exchange experience on
materials and chemistry among the group. Published and unpublished information is gathered on past, present
and planned experiences, and tests and research on materials in deep and aggressive geothermal systems. The
information is then summarized in a database.
Annex VII Advanced Geothermal Drilling Techniques


Operating Agent: Sandia National Laboratories for the US Department of Energy, USA
Task Leader: Stephen Bauer, Sandia National Laboratory, USA
Participants
 Member Countries: Mexico, Iceland, the European Commission, New Zealand, and United States
 Sponsor Members: Geodynamics, Green Rock Energy, ORMAT Technologies
 Non-Member Countries: None
This Annex pursues advanced geothermal drilling research and investigates all aspects of well construction to
reduce costs associated with this essential and expensive part of exploration, development and utilization. This
Annex has been extended to 2009. The studies are conducted in three Subtasks:
Subtask A: Compile Geothermal Well Drilling Cost and Performance Information (Subtask Leader:
Jaime Vaca, Comisión Federal de Electridad (CFE), Mexico) endeavours to compile drilling cost information
associated with the development, construction and operation of geothermal wells and maintain it in a single
database.
Subtask B: Identification and Publication of “Best Practices” for Geothermal Drilling (Subtask
Leader: Jaime Vaca, Comisión Federal de Electridad (CFE), Mexico) identifies and catalogues the technologies
that have been most successfully used for drilling, logging and completing geothermal wells, with the goal of
producing a complete handbook of drilling practices for both direct use (low temperature) and electrical
generation (high temperature) wells.
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Subtask C: Advanced Drilling Collaboration (Subtask Leader: Stephen Bauer, Sandia National
Laboratories (SNL), USA) monitors and exchanges information on drilling technology development and new
applications in their respective countries and identifies and develops plans for collaborative activities and
projects.
4.4 New Annex This Term
One new Annex began this term:
Annex VIII Direct Use of Geothermal Energy


Operating Agent: The Federation of Icelandic Energy and Waterworks (Samorka), Iceland
Task Leader: Einar Gunnlaugsson, Orkuveita Reykjavíkur (Reykjavík Energy)
Participants
 Member Countries: Iceland, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Switzerland and United
States
 Sponsor Members: None
 Non-Member Countries: Poland
Annex VIII addresses all aspects of direct use technology with emphasis on improving implementation, reducing
costs and enhancing use. This is the newest GIA Annex, initiated on 19 September 2003, with a first term
continuing to 2007. It has taken a long time to establish operations and there is significant work to be done, so it
is expected that this Annex will continue well into the GIA’s third 5-year term. Studies will be pursued in five
Subtasks:
Subtask A- Resource Characterization (Subtask Leader: to be appointed) aims to define the available
resources in the various participating countries.
Subtask B- Cost and Performance Database (Subtask Leader: to be appointed) focuses on collecting,
analyzing and disseminating the characteristic cost and performance data for installations in participating
countries, with emphasis on establishing a baseline and then validating the improvements from innovative
components and better designs.
Subtask C- Barrier and Opportunity Identification (Subtask Leader: to be appointed) will, based on
subtasks A and B, define the barriers which must be overcome to gain widespread use of geothermal heat for
various applications. The research activities necessary to take advantage of these opportunities will also be
defined and initiated.
Subtask D- Equipment Performance Validation (Subtask Leader: to be appointed) will define and test
critical and innovative equipment; such as submersible and line shaft pumps, compact heat exchangers, downhole heat exchangers, non-metallic piping, heat pumps and other equipment to characterize performance for
various applications and for various geothermal brines. The testing can be at multiple sites or can be round
robin.
Subtask E - Design Configurations and Engineering Standards (Subtask Leader: to be appointed) aims
to develop and characterize standardized designs for various applications, with the goal of minimizing the
engineering related to various applications. Develop engineering standards for designs, equipment and controls.
4.5 Annexes in Preparation This Term
Annex V Sustainability of Geothermal Energy Utilization
The objective of this Annex is to study the important aspects of energy production from geothermal resources
with the view of determining the long-term economic sustainability of such production.
Interest on the topic of sustainability has grown in the past two years (2005-2006) and the ExCo is currently in
the process of considering the activation of this Annex.
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Annex VI Geothermal Power Generation Cycles
Geothermal resources are characterized by large differences in their characteristics: flow rate, enthalpy, fluid
composition and chemistry, scaling and corrosion potential, etc. Consequently, different technologies are used
to convert geothermal energy into electric power. This task will address all the aspects related to the
performance, environmental impact and economics of the geothermal power cycles in order to establish
guidelines for the best selection.
This Annex is completely planned and ready to begin, and awaits activation by the commitment of at least two
Participants. Several GIA ExCo Members, including Sponsor industry members, indicated an interest in
pursuing this Annex at the 16th ExCo Meeting held on 7-8 September 2006. It is currently being reviewed.
Annex IX Geothermal Market Acceleration
Though geothermal electricity production and direct heat use are well developed and economically viable in
many parts of the world, there are large untapped resources in many countries. The ExCo has been exploring
ways to hasten geothermal energy development, or market acceleration, in these countries for the last few years.
A more pro-active approach was needed and might include: identifying a few regions with high geothermal
potential, collating resource assessments on a few sites and discussing with key players (government, utilities,
developers, financiers, etc.) the barriers to progress in their regions. Consequently, this market acceleration
Annex was drafted.
However, in 2004, the IEA notified the IAs that work was proceeding on development of a Renewable Energy
Technology Deployment Implementing Agreement. Consequently, at the 14-15 October 2004 ExCo meeting, it
was unanimously decided to close this draft Annex. The GIA is now investigating possible collaboration with
the Renewable Energy Technology Deployment IA that was established on 15 September 2005.
5. Coordination with Other Bodies
The GIA has increased its coordination and information exchange within the IEA during the current term. Its
interaction with other geothermal organizations has been mainly informal in nature, taking place at international
geothermal conferences, meetings and workshops. During the current term, the best example of the GIA’s
coordination with other major bodies is through the European Commission’s (EC) membership as a Contracting
Party to the organization, which has facilitated collaboration with Annexes III and IV at EC’s Soultz sous-Forêts
EGS project.
The ExCo is considering extending formal interaction with other organizations in its new Strategic Plan (outline
in Attachment I).
IEA Renewable Energy Working Party (REWP)
IEA Renewable Energy Working Party Technology and Policy Seminar “Renewable heating and cooling –
from RD&D to deployment”
The GIA participated in a seminar organized jointly by the IEA's Working Party on Renewable Energy
Technologies and IEA Implementing Agreement collaborative programmes, which took place in Paris on 5 April
2006. This event focused on current technologies, markets and successful policies for renewable heating and
cooling, with the aim of identifying pathways for accelerating technology development and deployment. The
GIA made a presentation: Geothermal Heating and Cooling.
49th Meeting, IEA Renewable Energy Working Party Technology
The meeting took place on 6-7 April 2006 in Paris, France. The GIA contributed on a number of topics,
including the RETD Implementing Agreement, the Renewable Energy Unit Programme of Work 2006 and Draft
Programme of Work 2007-2008 and Global Energy Technology Perspectives (Electricity, Buildings). A
representative of the GIA attended and contributed.
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IEA Joint Seminar on Long-Term R&D Priorities- “Catching Up: Priorities for Augmented Renewable
Energy R&D”
On 2-3 March 2005, the GIA participated in a 2-day round-table discussion and seminar at IEA Headquarters,
Paris, France. A GIA representative participated and made a presentation entitled: Geothermal Energy for
Electricity Generation- Catching Up- the R&D Priorities.
IEA Budapest Forum- Economies in Transition- the IEA and Renewable Energy
The IEA held a forum meeting on economies in transition and renewable energy on 13 October 2003 in
Budapest, Hungary. The GIA participated and made a presentation: The IEA Geothermal Implementing
Agreement- Its Status, Highlights and Future Prospects.
International Geothermal Association (IGA)
The IGA holds an World Geothermal Congress every five years, the most recent one being the World
Geothermal Congress 2005, which took place in Antalya, Turkey, on 24-29 April 2005. The GIA arranged to
present a paper: The IEA Geothermal Implementing Agreement- Its Goals, Status, Achievements and Prospects,
at one of the Keynote Sessions. In addition, the GIA had a significant presence at the WGC 2005 through the
presentation of Annex work with 21 papers, posters and presentations; and via its large exhibition booth, at
which 10 posters (5 for countries, 3 for Annexes and 2 for GIA) were exhibited, 2 audio-visual displays
operated, and a multitude of GIA and IEA documents were distributed. Members of the ExCo and Annex
Participants also held many discussions with visitors to the booth. A complete list of papers and posters is given
in section 12.2.
ENGINE
The ENhanced Geothermal Innovative Network for Europe (ENGINE) is a European Union supported action for
coordinating the present European research and development programmes for Unconventional Geothermal
Resources and Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) (see http://engine.brgm.fr for more details). Action is now
underway for the GIA and ENGINE to establish a formal association. This will result in a collaboration that will
help develop proposals for future European geothermal research projects by March 2008.
6. Information Dissemination
The GIA has continued to emphasize and develop its internal and external information dissemination and
exchange this term, with the goal of communicating its activities and results to as wide an audience as possible.
The target audience now ranges from the lay-public, government and financial institutions, to industry and the
engineering and scientific communities.
The results and material produced from the Annex work are produced as reports and papers published in
scientific and technical journals; and presented at conferences, meetings and workshops. Some of the data and
results are also made available as databases and manuals available on CD-Rom. A list of the material
disseminated during the current term is presented for the ExCo in section 12.1 and each Annex in section 12.2.
There is also a wide range of promotional and less technical material produced by the ExCo and GIA Secretariat
for the public, and government and financial institutions available, including: Annual Reports, the Strategic Plan
2002-2007, non-technical PowerPoint presentations, colour posters, reports and a colour brochure. These
materials are available from the GIA Secretariat, with many currently accessible on the GIA website. A
comprehensive list is provided in Section 12.1.
GIA Website
The GIA has had an accessible public website since its first term (1997-2002). However, due to several
problems, a new site was developed and went on-line in late 2004 (http://www.iea-gia.org). This site provides
public access to much of the GIA’s promotional material, as well as some less technical information. There is
also a Member’s Area, password protected, which provides GIA Members and Participants with access to ExCo
Meeting Minutes and other information. This area will also grow to include more technical material, including
databases, technical manuals, etc. There are also links to Participants’ sites and other important geothermal sites.
The ExCo has recognized that the website is a key tool for information dissemination and marketing, so its
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development will continue into the next term. The GIA website is linked to the IEA website (http://www.iea.org/),
which also includes general information about the GIA and a link to it.
GIA ExCo Meetings and Minutes
The GIA ExCo Meetings frequently include special presentations on specific Annex-related projects by invited
guests, in addition to normal committee business. The IEA Secretariat also submits a report for presentation at
every GIA ExCo Meeting, with the IEA Geothermal Desk Officer often attending and delivering the report.
These reports are included as Appendices to the Meeting Minutes.
The GIA Annual Reports
In 2002, the ExCo redesigned the GIA Annual Report by changing its style and including the addition of a
Member Country report section and a country synopsis chapter. The report has grown in content and has
become more useful to organizations and key decision makers in government and industry, as well as to the GIA
Participants themselves (growing in size from 30 pages in 2001 to 147 pages in 2004).
GIA Brochure
The GIA’s first brochure/booklet was produced at the start of 2005. It is a 10-page glossy colour document for
the layman that describes geothermal energy (character, current use, future contribution) and the IEA
Geothermal Implementing Agreement (goals and objectives, research, benefits of membership, recent
achievements and future directions). 500 copies were initially printed for distribution at the World Geothermal
Congress 2005, with almost all distributed. The IEA Secretariat also printed and distributed several for
distribution at the Beijing International Renewable Energy Conference 2005. The brochure will be updated in
the near future.
GIA Exhibition Booth WGC 2005
The GIA sponsored a large booth at the World Geothermal Congress 2005, held in Antalya, Turkey, 25-29 April
2005. Copies of the GIA Strategic Plan, 2004 Annual Report, colour brochure, the GIA Membership Benefits &
Obligations document, GIA website homepage; and several IEA books and reports were distributed.
Public Service Review
An article describing geothermal energy, its development and future, and GIA research was written for the
Energy Section of the Public Service Review: Construction (Issue 4) journal at the request of the IEA Secretariat
(2005). It is currently available on their website at:
http://www.publicservice.co.uk/pub_selectissue.asp?publication=Construction.
IEA Secretariat
The GIA has maintained an excellent communication and information dissemination relationship with the IEA
Secretariat during this term. The GIA has provided material for IEA distribution for their participation at several
international conferences: the Budapest Forum (October 2003), the Bonn RE Conference (1-6 June 2004), the
Beijing International Renewable Energy Conference 2005 (7-8 November 2005) and the Japan RE Congress
2006 (October 2006). A in-depth geothermal article was provided for the IEA OPEN Bulletin #35 (July 2006),
and contributions were made for several IEA publications, including: the IEA Energy Technologies at the
Cutting Edge 2005 and 2007 books, the IEA Variability of Wind Power and Other Renewable- Management
Options and Strategies (2005) book, the IEA Renewable Energy: RD&D Priorities- Insights from IEA
Technology Programmes (2006) book and the Energy Technology Perspectives 2006- Scenarios & Strategies to
2050 book (2006) produced in response to the G8 leaders’ call at their July 2005 Gleneagles Summit to advise
on alternative scenarios and strategies aimed at a “clean, clever and competitive energy future”.
Future Developments
The GIA is planning to expand its information dissemination activities through further development of its
website with the inclusion of an “Information” section to provide the public with easy to understand information
about geothermal energy, its sustainable development, and how the GIA is contributing to it.
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The GIA recognizes that there are major opportunities for technology and information transfer to non-IEA
Member countries. There are several countries with significant geothermal resources and development that
could benefit from membership in the GIA, including Indonesia, the Philippines, and countries in Africa and
Central and South America. To encourage these countries to join the GIA, the ExCo is exploring the
possibilities for holding some ExCo meetings and associated seminars/workshops in the most appropriate of
these prospective Member countries. The GIA also plans to work more closely with industry and other
international geothermal organizations (e.g. Geothermal Resources Council, Geothermal Energy Associate and
the International Geothermal Association) through joint research and information exchange projects.
7. Scale of Activities
The range of activities conducted by the GIA has increased considerably during this term, assisted by the
expanded capability provided by the dedicated Secretariat established in 2003.
Since there was no formal Secretariat during the first term (1997-2002), the ExCo’s administrative business and
other activities were conducted on an entirely volunteer basis. With the creation of the Secretariat, the GIA
incurred operating costs, now funded through a Common Fund.
7.1 Executive Committee
The ExCo meets twice each year, generally holding its spring meetings at the IEA’s Headquarters in Paris,
France, and rotating the autumn meetings among the Member Countries (Table 4). ExCo Meetings are often
held at locations of large international geothermal conferences and meetings; this was the case for the 8 th ExCo
Meeting held in conjunction with the Geothermal Resources Council 2002 Annual Meeting in Morelia, Mexico;
the 10th ExCo Meeting held in association with the Iceland Geothermal Congress in Reykjavik, Iceland; the 14th
ExCo Meeting held in association with the World Geothermal Congress 2005 (WGC 2005), Antalya, Turkey;
and the 16th ExCo Meeting held in conjunction with the Geothermal Resources Council 2006 Annual Meeting,
San Diego, California, USA. Meetings are well attended, and for the current term the number of participants
ranged from 15-25 (Table 4). The ExCo Meetings are open to non-participants, generally on an invitation-only
basis, with invited attendance used for expanded information dissemination (external and internal) and as a
means to encourage new Membership.
Table 4. Executive Committee Meetings and Attendance for the period 2002-2006.
ExCo
Meeting
ExCo # 7
Location
Date
Number of
Members &
Alternates
Number of
Task
Leaders
Number of
Observers
& Others
Total
Number of
Attendees
7-8 March 2002
8
3
11
22
6-7 November 2002
8
4
3
15
ExCo # 9
Paris, France
Cuernavaca,
Mexico
Paris, France
13-14 March 2003
11
3*
3
17
ExCo # 10
Reykjavik, Iceland
18-19 September 2003
10
3*
4
16
ExCo # 11
Paris, France
18-19 March 2004
11
3*
9
22
ExCo # 12
Pisa, Italy
14-15 October 2004
12
4**
5
19
ExCo # 13
ExCo # 14
ExCo # 15
Antalya, Turkey
Zurich, Switzerland
Paris, France
San Diego,
California, USA
21-22 April 2005
22-23 September 2005
16-17 March 2006
10
10
11
5**
4**
4**
7
5
11
20
17
24
7-8 September 2006
12
4*
10
25
-
-
-
-
ExCo # 8
ExCo # 16
ExCo # 17
Nice, France
23-24 March 2007
* One of the ExCo Members is also a Task Leader. ** Two of the ExCo Members are also Task Leaders.
As mentioned above, in addition to directing the work of the Annexes, the ExCo itself has become very active
during this second term, especially through its information dissemination programme, mainly with the support of
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IEA Geothermal
the GIA Secretariat created in 2003. Several papers and presentations describing and promoting the activities of
the GIA were written and presented at international conferences and a colour brochure was produced and
distributed at the WGC 2005. ExCo representatives (Vice-Chair and Secretary) have also participated in several
IEA REWP Meetings, workshops and seminars; contributed to IEA publications and provided material for
distribution by the IEA as part of their participation at several international renewable energy conferences. An
outline of major ExCo outputs is provided in Table 5, with details provided in the section 12.1.
Table 5. Executive Committee Outputs for 2002-2007 Term (details in Reference section).
Item
Final ExCo Meeting Minutes
2002
2
2003
2
2004
2
2005
2
2006
2
Total
10
Annual Reports to IEA Headquarters
1
1
1
1
-
4
Reports from Secretariat to ExCo
2
2
2
2
2
10
End of Term Report
1
-
-
-
1
2
Documents Prepared by the Secretariat*
-
1
2
1
2
IEA Geothermal Energy Strategic Plans
-
1
-
-
1
2
Contributions to IEA Publications
-
-
1
2
2
5
Provision of Material for IEA Seminars/Workshops
-
-
1
1
1
3
1
-
1
1
3
Participation at IEA Seminars & Workshops
IEA OPEN Energy Technology Bulletin #35
-
-
-
-
1
1
IEA Geothermal Energy Brochure**
Revised IEA GIA Implementing Agreement
Document
Enhanced IEA Geothermal Website**
-
-
-
1
1
1
-
-
-
1
1
2
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
-
4
4
9
8
9
18
19
55
Publications and Presentations at non-IEA Events
Total
6
* One of these documents is updated on regular basis.
** This is an on-going single project, so the total is 1.
7.2 Active Annexes
Ongoing Annexes organize their own meetings, workshops, fieldtrips, etc. They typically have 1-2 meetings per
year, with significant business conducted between times via e-mail. The Annex Meetings are usually held in
association with ExCo Meetings (typically the day prior) or other events. Task Leaders report at the ExCo
Meetings and Annex Meeting Minutes are later distributed to the ExCo. Summaries of these Annex meetings
have been included in the Annex chapters included in the GIA Annual Reports since 2003.
Annex I- Annex participants took part in half day Environmental Annex Meetings and workshops to discuss
progress on the existing tasks and plan new activities held in conjunction with the GIA ExCo Meetings on: 15
March 2006 in Paris, France; 21 September 2005 in Zürich, Switzerland; 22 April 2005 at Antalya, Turkey; 12
October 2004 in Pisa, Italy; and 18 September 2003 in Reykjavik, Iceland.
Annex I also initiated and convened four workshops on inducted seismicity (see section 8 for details): the 1 st
Workshop on Geothermal Induced Seismicity in February 2005 (2 day IEA/DOE meeting at Stanford, USA); the
2nd Workshop on Geothermal Induced Seismicity (2 day) in Reno, USA; the 3 rd Workshop on Geothermal
Induced Seismicity in February 2006; and 4 th Workshop on Geothermal Induced Seismicity on 12 September
2006.
Annex III- Participants held Annex Meetings and/or fieldtrips in association with GIA ExCo Meetings on: 12
October 2004, in Pisa, Italy; 21 September 2005, in Zürich, Switzerland; and on 15 March 2006, in Soultz sousForêts, France.
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Annex VII- Annex participants held meetings in association with GIA ExCo Meetings on: 12 March 2003 in
Paris, France; 18 September 2003 in Reykjavik, Iceland; 17 March 2004 in Paris, France; 12 October 2004, in
Pisa, Italy; 22 April 2005 in Antalya, Turkey; and 15 March 2006 in Paris, France.
Annex VIII- Annex VIII held a preliminary meeting on 22 April 2005 in Antalya, Turkey. However, its first
actual working meeting was held on 21 September 2005, at ETH Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland, in connection
with the 14th Executive Committee Meeting, with the second meeting held on 6 September 2006.
7.3 Costs
ExCo and GIA Secretariat- In order to keep ExCo Meeting travel costs to a minimum, Meetings are held in
conjunction with other events that participants wish to attend, where possible. A considerable amount of
business is also conducted by e-mail.
The expenses associated with the operation of the GIA Secretariat (started in March 2003), including the
Secretary’s salary, and other common costs of the ExCo are met from a Secretariat Common Fund (established
in 2002) administered by the Custodian, presently the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) based in
Colorado, USA. This Fund is supported through “cost sharing”, i.e. all GIA Participants pay an annual
contribution on a fair apportionment basis in the form of a number of assigned shares. Sponsors from Member
Countries are assessed half the number of shares of their Member Country. Based on current membership, the
distribution for 2006 is presented in Table 6.
Table 6. GIA Common Fund share distribution as of 2006.
Australia
2
New Zealand
1
European Commission
4
Republic of Korea
2
Germany
4
Switzerland
2
Iceland
1
United States
4
Italy
2
Geodynamics
1
Japan
4
Green Rock Energy
1
Mexico
1
ORMAT
2
Total = 31 shares
The ExCo set, by unanimous vote, the cost per Common Fund share for 2006 at US$ 3,500.
With the addition of new Members, or the withdrawal of current members, the total number of shares will vary,
and may affect each Member’s contribution. Contributions are made annually on a calendar year basis. The
number of shares assigned to new members is determined by the ExCo, acting in unanimity. The Custodian, who
administers the Common Fund, provides periodic accounting reports to the ExCo.
The total cost for 2005, the most recent full budget year was US$ 79,100. The estimated cost for 2006 is US$
71,000. The decrease in cost between 2005 and 2006 does not reflect a decreased work effort by the GIA
Secretariat, but rather a drop in exchange rate between the New Zealand and United States dollars.
GIA Annexes- As mentioned above, all of the Annex activities to date have been conducted through “task
sharing”, i.e. the Annex participants allocate specified resources and personnel to conduct their portion of the
work at their own expense, including the work of the Operating Agents. Participants also pay their own
expenses associated with participation and attendance at ExCo and Annex Meetings. By arranging their
meetings in conjunction with the ExCo Meetings, or other events, travel costs are minimized. Though exact
figures are not available, estimates indicate that the total Annex efforts amount to well over US$ 310,000 per
year plus several man-years from Annex VIII. The following details are available:
Annex I- Cost estimate ($US/yr) of in-kind contributions (task sharing) by the eight participants to Annex I’s
coordinated projects: US$ 125,000/year.
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Annex III- Support of well over US$ 425,000 was received from two of the Annexes major participants, plus an
un-specified significant amount of time from a third; or over US$ 85,000/year.
Annex IV- No estimates are available at this time.
Annex VII- Cost estimate of in-kind contributions (i.e. task sharing) by the Participants to the Annex’s
coordinated projects is estimated at US$ 500,000 over the term, or about US$ 100,000/year.
Annex VIII- The level of effort to perform the work specified in this Annex is estimated to be approximately
one-person-year per year for each participant, or about 6 person-years/year.
8. Achievements, Benefits and Issues
A summary of the GIA ExCo and Annex major achievements is presented below. Complete details may be
found in the list of publications in section 11 below, in the GIA’s Annual Reports for 2002-2005, and on the GIA
website (http://www.iea-gia.org).
8.1 Technology Developments and Deployment
One of the important indicators of the GIA’s success this term has been the growth in its membership, with one
new Country Member, the Republic of Korea; and the first three Industry Members, ORMAT Technologies Inc.
(USA), Green Rock Energy Limited (Australia) and Geodynamics Limited (Australia).
The organization has also expanded its research efforts by adding new Subtasks in Annex I (Induced Seismicity)
and Annex III (Field Studies of EGS Reservoirs), and new Annex VIII (Direct Use of Geothermal Energy).
Both the GIA ExCo and the Annexes have been particularly successful in their information dissemination efforts
during the term under review, both through participation at international conferences, meetings, workshops and
in publications. The GIA has also increased its participation in IEA Secretariat activities and its contributions to
IEA publications.
GIA Executive Committee and Secretariat





Development of a new GIA website (http://www.iea-gia.org) has allowed the organization to promote
its activities and distribute information to a much wider public audience, as well as among the IA’s
Participants through a password-protected Member’s area.
The new design of the IEA GIA Annual Report, which began with the 2002 report, to include Country
Member and synopsis chapters has made the annual report a much more comprehensive and useful
document. It provides information on national geothermal energy policy, direct use and electrical
installed capacities and use/generation, energy savings in tonnes oil equivalent (toe) and avoided CO 2
emissions, market development and stimulation, development constraints, economics, R&D, education.
and international cooperation.
Publication of the GIA’s first colour brochure (10 pages, glossy) in February 2005.
The GIA’s exhibition booth at the World Geothermal Congress 2005, held in Antalya, Turkey, 24-29
April 2005, was open for 5 days and was a particular success. In addition to the exhibition of 10 large
posters and 2 audio-visual presentations promoting the GIA and presenting country and Annex work
and results, hundreds of IEA and GIA reports and documents were distributed. The first GIA colour
brochure was also a big success, with all 450 copies taken. GIA participants who manned the booth had
discussions with over 55 visitors.
The GIA’s increased participation with the IEA Secretariat was also a highlight of this term, with
participation in three REWP Meetings/Seminars/Workshops, contributions to two major IEA
publications: (1) “Geothermal Technologies” Chapter contributed to the IEA publication: Renewable
Energy: RD&D Priorities, Insights from IEA Technology Programmes (2006) and (2) Energy
Savings and CO2 Emissions in Energy Technologies in Cutting Edge- International Energy
Technology Collaboration IEA Implementing Agreements 2005.
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Annex I- Environmental Impacts of Geothermal Development





Six papers were published in a Special Environmental Issue of Geothermics Journal (Vol. 34 No2 April
2005) edited by Trevor Hunt.
22 papers and posters on Environmental Aspects of Geothermal Development were presented and
published by IEA GIA Annex 1 participants at the World Geothermal Congress 2005, held in Antalya
Turkey, 24-29 April 2005.
Convened 4 Workshops on Geothermal Induced Seismicity in association with international geothermal
meetings and workshops in: San Francisco, California, USA, 5-6 February 2005; Reno, Nevada, USA,
26 September 2005; San Francisco, California, USA, 2-3 February 2006; San Diego, California, USA,
September 2006.
Through discussions with geothermal developers and regulators, developed longer-term R&D needs,
involving research objectives for: induced seismicity, monitoring natural CO 2 and convective heat flux,
classifying thermal feature vulnerability, testing mitigation and remediation methods, and developing
bioremediation methods to remove toxic elements from geothermal water discharges.
In 2004, collaboration was established between geochemical researchers in Italy, Iceland, USA and New
Zealand to jointly study means of monitoring natural CO 2 emissions from thermal areas, in order to
quantify the net long-term effects of geothermal development on global warming through CO 2
emissions.
Annex III- Enhanced Geothermal Systems (formerly known as Hot Dry Rock)










The Annex increased its research activity by adding a fourth Subtask: Field Studies of EGS Reservoirs,
reflecting the growing interest in the important topic of enhancement/creation of geothermal reservoirs.
The TOUGH family of reservoir simulators continues to be modified to include chemical reactions and
mechanical properties of the reservoir rock. TOUGH-REACT is being coupled to FRAC-3D to provide
a coupled flow-chemical mechanical code that can be used in hydrothermal and EGS.
Researchers completed development of a high-temperature acoustic televiewer. The televiewer has been
tested at the Coso geothermal field at temperature up to about 235ºC. The tool is designed for a maximum
temperature of 275ºC. It will be used for logging both hydrothermal and EGS wells.
DOE’s Idaho National Laboratory has completed development of interpretational tools for hydrothermal
and EGS. The final report and software are available under Software at: http://geothermal.inl.gov.
A geothermal tracer workshop was held in conjunction with the 2005 Geothermal Resources Council
Annual Meting, Reno, Nevada, USA. The meeting discussed research conducted in conjunction with
Subtask 3. Included in the workshop were tutorial sessions using the INL tracer interpretation software
package.
The experience of most of the major EGS research and development projects of the last 30 years
worldwide has been compiled into a first version of a Project Management Decision Assistant (PMDA).
This handbook provides new project teams with access to a synthesis of the available information to
support a successful and smooth project start. The first version of the EGS-PMDA contains a data
matrix defining the data requirement for each development phase of an EGS power plant, an overview
of former and present EGS projects, a bibliography, and a list of suppliers. The EGS-PMDA is
available on CD-Rom and has been acquired by groups in Germany, France, Belgium and Australia.
A review of Hijiori EGS project from October 2002 to March 2004 mainly consisting of “Overall
System Design”, “Field Characterization”, “Reservoir Creation”, “Circulation and Heat Extraction”,
and “Monitoring” was concluded. The most essential parts of the review: “Circulation and Heat
Extraction” and “Monitoring” have been translated into English and is available on CD-Rom.
Field tests at Soultz-sous-Forêts EGS site in Alsace, France, (European Hot Dry Rock programme) in
2005, demonstrated that two new mineral dissolution agents (chelating agents, EDTA and HEDTA) had
sufficient thermal stability to be successfully used for chemical stimulation of tight geothermal
reservoirs.
The use of the tracer fluorescein was successfully demonstrated to characterize fluid flow patterns
within EGS reservoirs during a circulation test at Soultz in 2005. Tracer sample analysis at BRGM,
Orleans, France, showed that EGI’s new state-of-the-art analytical equipment could successfully
provide on-site real-time results.
The results from the work in the Annex have been presented at several international meetings and
conferences, including the World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005 and
the annual Stanford Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Workshops from 2002-2006.
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Annex IV- Deep Geothermal Resources




This Annex has been especially involved in the deep geothermal developments of Germany, including
GeneSys Project in Hannover, the Gross Schönebeck project, Neustadt Glewe project, as well as the
Soultz sous-Forêts EGS project in Alsace, France.
The Annex has also covered the revision of conceptual models of Mexican geothermal fields and the
analysis of the effects of prolonged exploitation. Specifically, a revised conceptual model of the Los
Humeros field was generated and a study of the Los Azufres reservoir conditions from the beginning of
exploitation to recent times was completed.
Also included in this Annex were steps taken for the rigorous simulation of heat and mass transport in
high-temperature reservoirs, with emphasis in the simulation of the effect of high concentrations of noncondensable gases.
Results from the work in this Annex were published in 6 papers at the World Geothermal Congress
2005, Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005.
Annex VII- Advanced Geothermal Drilling Techniques




One of the major objectives of this Annex, documenting costs of drilling geothermal wells, faced
problems arising from the problem of confidentially- drilling operators were unwilling to provide
“confidential” well drilling cost data. This obstacle was overcome in 2005 by identifying drilling “time
versus depth” data as alternative substitute information which industry was willing to provide.
A detailed outline for a Handbook of Best Practices for Geothermal Drilling was developed with input
from the international community, including non-Members, by using the GIA website to post a request
for comment and through cooperation provided by two large international geothermal organizations: the
International Geothermal Association (IGA) and the Geothermal Resources Council (GRC).
International collaboration on drilling technology and new applications has been very successfully
conducted between the USA and Japan, with successful use of newly developed high temperature gauge
as part of the International Scientific Drilling Project; the USA and New Zealand, with Sandia National
Laboratory expert visiting New Zealand and participating in a workshop on Life Cycle Considerations
in Geothermal Wells; and the USA and International Community, with a Sandia National Laboratory
scientist co-organize and chair the High Temperature Electronics Conference (HiTEC).
The results of the work in this Annex have been presented at many international conferences, meetings
and workshops and published in international journals (see section 12.2), including several papers and
posters describing the results of the Annex work that were presented at the World Geothermal
Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005.
Annex VIII Direct Use of Geothermal Energy


This new Annex held its first working meeting in September 2005 in association with the 14 th ExCo
Meeting, Zürich, Switzerland.
A significant quantity of temperature and chemistry data for geothermal manifestations in the countries
of the participants has been collected and is being evaluated and compared in order to define available
resources. A questionnaire was formulated to obtain and compile data on direct use and identify
barriers and obstacles to its development; it has been distributed and completed by participants, with
results now being evaluated.
8.2 Networking
The GIA has established a large network of researchers and managers during its two 5-year terms, and this has
grown with the addition of new Participants. Of particular significance during its second term was the GIA’s
move into the industry sector in 2006, with the joining of the GIA’s first three geothermal industry Members.
The GIA’s network has been established mainly through the Annexes, and because the Annex participants have
their own local and international contacts and collaborators, the network is of a considerable size, includes endusers and extends worldwide including a majority of the major geothermal countries. Since the Annex activities
require regular communication amongst the participants, the flow of information is frequent and extensive. The
GIA Secretariat also contributes through its very active communication with the participants and others.
The GIA provides the opportunity for participants to work together for periods of 2-3 days, at specific Annex
Meetings and at ExCo Meetings, twice each year, in addition to their regular working correspondence. This
contributes to the development of stronger working and personal relationships among the participants than is
possible through professional/trade associations and meetings.
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Other advantages and benefits of the GIA network include:






Increases R&D capabilities beyond that of a single country/group by combining the efforts of several
nations
Provides appropriate focus for R&D, hence avoids duplication and unproductive research
Improves R&D cost effectiveness by sharing research costs and technical resources and avoiding
duplication
Participants are experts in their fields
Makes accessible a strong technical base provided by R&D activities in the participating countries
Enhanced credibility due to IEA’s reputation of technical competence and unbiased excellence
8.3 Policy Relevance
The GIA has played a role in the development of geothermal policy in both Australia and New Zealand.
In New Zealand, the work conducted in Annex I- Environmental Impacts of Geothermal Development, has
influenced development of regional government policy on environmental regulation of geothermal development.
A majority of New Zealand’s geothermal resources are located in the Waikato Region. For over 5 years, debate
has centred on the development of two key policy documents, the Waikato Regional Policy Statement:
Geothermal Section and the Waikato Regional Plan: Geothermal Module, which will play a major role in
regulation of all geothermal operations within this Region. All areas of environmental management, sustainable
development, and geothermal policy direction are being considered. Information, research results and
experience obtained from Annex I activities have been used in the submission, review and facilitation processes
to debate and rework the wording of these policy and plan documents in order to better reflect worldwide
geothermal experience and establish best practice environmental procedures. The issue is currently being heard
in the New Zealand Environment Court.
The GIA’s work programme and Strategic Plan have succeeded in enticing the Australian GIA Group to expand
its membership to include all government agencies responsible for the development and implementation of
government policies for the geothermal sector. The programmes and outputs of the GIA will therefore be very
influential in policy development for the geothermal energy sector in Australia. As of 2006, virtually all
participants in the Australian geothermal sector (academic, investors/companies and government) were members
of the Australian GIA Group.
8.4 Environmental Issues
The GIA’s Annex I Environmental Impacts of Geothermal Development deals directly with environmental
issues. One important environmental issue relates to public concern arising from small earthquakes caused by
EGS activities. Recognition of this issue has resulted in the production of a “white paper” (to be published in an
international geothermal journal) that reviewed the state of knowledge of induced seismicity resulting from EGS
activities, identified gaps in it, and resulted in a draft “protocol” for dealing with such induced seismicity issues.
A short-term solution includes establishing communication with affected communities with diligent follow-up in
the form of reporting and meeting commitments; with the long-term solution being the establishment of
international cooperation on field studies and research.
8.5 More Efficient Use of R&D Resources
A few examples that illustrate the GIA’s contribution to the strengthening of national R&D capabilities, sharing
of costs, pooling of resources and avoidance of duplication include:
New Zealand and USA conducted a cost-shared information exchange visit to New Zealand by Steve Bauer
(Task Leader Annex VII and scientist at Sandia National Laboratories, USA), with travel support provided by
GNS Science (NZ). Meetings and discussions were held with two New Zealand geothermal electricity producers
and GNS Science; and visits were made to two drill sites. The discussions focused on wellbore integrity, lost
circulation, and high temperature grouts in the context of New Zealand-based well construction experiences.
Presentations and discussions were also made on high-temperature electronics and ‘diagnostics while drilling’.
The visit culminated in a joint workshop sponsored by the New Zealand Geothermal Association and attended
by about forty professionals from ten companies, a university and a government laboratory. This information
exchange supports wellbore integrity and lost circulation, as well as other geothermal drilling issues, design
criteria for the drilling and completion programs, drilling practices for cost avoidance, corrosion, problem
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diagnosis and remediation during drilling, trouble avoidance, well testing, geophysical logging, and wellbore
preservation.
Roy Baria, representing the Soultz HDR Project, visited Sandia National Laboratories in January of 2006. He
gave a presentation entitled “Current Status of EGS Technology with a Particular Reference to the European
HDR Programme” and visited with Sandia staff and exchanged information and ideas pertinent to the
geophysical response observed during the Soultz injection testing.
Randy Normann, of Sandia National Laboratories, USA, attended a technical high-temperature electronics
meeting at Schlumberger, in Paris, France. Schlumberger is a leader in the high-temperature electronics effort
and a financial sponsor of the industry partnership currently developing high-temperature electronic components
that can be used in geothermal downhole wells.
A Project Management Decision Assistant (PMDA) tool was developed in Annex III. It is a handbook that
provides new EGS project teams with access to a synthesis of the available information (obtained over the past
35 years from projects worldwide) to facilitate the planning of specific project steps and provide an overview to
the state of art of commercially available services. This handbook will help avoid costly unnecessary
information collection and duplication, and the pitfalls that exist in this complex and expensive endeavour.
8.6 Issues for the Renewable Energy Working Party and the CERT
There has been helpful and excellent cooperation between the GIA and the IEA Secretariat during the current
term, especially with the IEA Renewable Energy Office, the IEA Legal Office and IEA Publications Section.
The GIA has worked very closely with the IEA Secretariat and contributed much to the activities initiated by the
REWP and CERT (see Section 6), and especially in the production of renewable energy reports and books. This
has provided the GIA a much greater visibility and helped promote geothermal as a very positive renewable
resource. There have been a few cases, however, where inaccuracies have crept into some of these reports,
causing concern among the GIA Participants. The GIA therefore requests that the IEA endeavour to provide all
IAs sufficient time to respond to requests for information and contributions, and to distribute copies of the
“final” documents for review by the IAs before they are distributed, published and/or posted on the IEA website.
9. Overall Significance of Agreement
During its second 5-year term, the GIA has executed its strategic plan extremely well through its efforts to
actively support and advance the worldwide use of geothermal energy by breaking down barriers to its
development. In support of this mission, the GIA has endeavoured to raise the worldwide awareness of
geothermal energy as an environmentally friendly, economic and sustainable energy resource. The GIA has
pursued new membership, conducted research aimed at breaking down barriers to the development of
geothermal energy for both electricity generation and direct use, and distributed GIA information and marketed
its activities. With these activities in mind, the GIA identifies the following achievements as significant for its
second term:





An increased membership, with the joining of the Republic of Korea and our first three industry
members: ORMAT Technologies Inc., Green Rock Energy Limited and Geodynamics Limited.
A more active participation in IEA REWP events and greater contribution to IEA documents.
An improved profile of the GIA through its very active participation at international geothermal
conferences, meetings and workshops, including the especially successful participation at the World
Geothermal Congress 2005, with the presentation of 21 papers and posters, and the exhibition booth
which attracted wide attention and from which hundreds of IEA and GIA documents were distributed.
Expansion of GIA research, with the addition of two new Subtasks: Annex I Subtask D Induced
Seismicity and Annex III Subtask E Field Studies; and new Annex VIII Direct Use of Geothermal
Energy.
Development of the new GIA website.
The GIA has achieved a good deal during this second term, 7 March 2002 to 31 March 2007. We also
acknowledge that there is much more useful work to be conducted and that we can continue to make major
contributions. Consequently, the Participants in the IEA Geothermal Implementing Agreement have
unanimously agreed at the 15th ExCo Meeting, held in Paris, France, on 16-17 March 2006, to the continuation
of this Agreement until 31 March 2012.
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10. Outlook and Plans Beyond 2007- Strategic Plan Update
The Strategic Plan provides a guide for the GIA’s activities for each 5-year term. It is developed with the input
of all Participants and represents the views of the entire ExCo. Since its formation in 1997, the GIA has
prepared two Strategic Plans, the most recent being for the current term of operation: IEA GIA Strategic Plan
2002-2007 (revised December 2003).
The GIA is currently in the process of updating its Strategic Plan for the period 2007-2012. The new Plan will
be based upon the evaluation of the current term’s achievements versus identified objectives, and an appraisal of
where the ExCo sees the GIA heading in the future (i.e. development of its vision and mission statements). At
present the GIA has identified the following actions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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Extend the Geothermal Implementing Agreement for a 3 rd 5-year term, 2007-2012.
Continue the work in Annexes I, III and VII, whose terms were extended in 2006, to 2009; and in
Annex VIII, whose activities have only begun in the past year.
Expand activities utilizing the expertise that has recently become available through the joining of three
new industry Members in 2006.
Continue the GIA’s excellent cooperation with the IEA.
Encourage and pursue more actively the GIA’s outreach programme to both non-GIA and non-IEA
countries, especially those with major geothermal resources and development.
Expand the GIA’s interaction with other major renewable energy groups, including other IAs.
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IEA Geothermal
11.
References
CERT (2002) CERT Strategy International Energy Agency Committee on Energy Research and Technology
report IEA/CERT(2002)01/REV1, 9th-10th April 2002.
CERT (2002) Criteria and Review Process for the Extension of Implementing Agreements (note by the IEA
Secretariat). IEA/CERT(2002)24 26-27 June 2002.
IEA Bioenergy (2004) IEA Bioenergy IA End-of-Term Report for the period January 2001 to 2003, April 2004.
IEA GIA (2006) IEA Geothermal Implementing Agreement, revised August 2006.
IEA GIA (2003) IEA Geothermal Implementing Agreement Strategic Plan for 2002-2007, revised December
2003.
IEA GIA (2002) IEA Geothermal IA 1997-2002 End-of-Term Report, revised draft 2, February 2002.
IEA Hydropower (2004) IEA Hydropower Technologies and Programmes End-of-Term Report for the Second
Phase (1999-2004), July 2004.
IEA Wind Energy (2003) IEA Wind Energy End-of-Term Report 1998-2003 and Plans for 2003-2008, 4 March
2003.
12.
List of GIA Publications, Presentations, Etc.
12.1
IEA GIA Executive Committee (26 publications/presentations)
IEA Documents Contributed to (including providing comments)
IEA GIA (2006) Geothermal Technologies. Chapter 3 in: Renewable Energy: RD&D Priorities, Insights from
IEA Technology Programmes, 71-86.
IEA (2006) Comments on Geothermal Section of Renewable Energy: Status and Prospects Chapter 4 Electricity
Generation in: Energy Technology Perspectives Scenarios & Strategies to 2050.
IEA (2005) Provided contribution and comments on Chapter 2: Natural Cycles of Renewables Energy
Technology- Geothermal in IEA book: Variability of Wind Power and Other Renewables, October 2005.
IEA (2005) Energy Savings and CO2 Emissions in Energy Technologies at the Cutting Edge- International
Energy Technology Collaboration IEA Implementing Agreements 2005.
IEA Meeting Activities for which GIA Provided Material
IEA (2006) GIA documents provided for IEA Booth at Renewable Energy Conference in Japan, 9-13 October
2006.
BIREC (2005) Geothermal IA Information provided for the IEA Stand at EnergyBeijing Renewable Energy
Conference 2005 (BIREC 2005), 7-8 November 2005.
IEA (2004) GIA documents provided for IEA Side Event at the Bonn Renewable Energy Conference, Germany,
1-4 June 2004.
Participation in IEA Seminars and Workshops
Rybach, L. (2006) Participated as GIA Representative in the 49th Meeting of the IEA Renewable Energy
Working Party, 6-7 April 2006, IEA Offices, Paris, France.
Rybach, L. (2005) Geothermal Energy for Electricity Generation- Catching Up- the R&D Priorities. IEA REWP
Roundtable and Seminar 2-3 March 2005, IEA Head Quarters, Paris, France.
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Mongillo, M.A. and Nieva, D. (2003) The IEA Geothermal Implementing Agreement- Its Status, Highlights and
Future Prospects. Presented at the IEA Budapest Forum- Economies in Transition- the IEA and Renewable
Energy, Budapest, Hungary, 13 October 2003.
Geothermal Agreement ExCo Dissemination Efforts
Bromley, C., Ladsi Rybach, Mike Mongillo and Isao Matsunaga (2006) Geothermal Resources- Utilisation
Strategies to Promote Beneficial Environmental Effects and to Optimize Sustainability. Renewable Energy 2006
International Conference, Chiba, Japan, Oct 9-13. Area IX Geothermal.
GIA Annual Reports for 2002 (76 pages), 2003 (108 pages), 2004 (146 pages) and 2005 (166 pages).
IEA GIA (2006) International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement for a Co-operative Programme on
Geothermal Energy Research and Technology, revised 18 January 2006. (http://www.iea-gia.org/IEAGIADocwithNewFramever18Jan06Pelham6Mar06.pdf.pdf)
IEA GIA (2003) International Energy Agency Geothermal Implementing Agreement Strategic Plan for 20022007, as revised December 2003. (http://www.iea-gia.org/pdf/stratplan02-07.pdf)
Mongillo, M.A. (2005) IEA Geothermal Implementing Agreement- Its Status and Prospects. Presented at the at
Geothermal Meeting in Energy and Environment Division of the Department of Industry Tourism and
Resources, Canberra, Australia, November 2005.
Mongillo, M.A. (2005) For Today and Tomorrow- argument that geothermal energy is a clean, economic,
sustainable global energy solution (article written at request of IEA). Public Service Review: Construction, issue
4, 124-125.
Mongillo, M.A. (2004-2006) The GIA- Goals, Activities, Benefits, Obligations and Costs (updated on regular
basis).
Mongillo, M.A. (2005) Savings Factors for Geothermal Energy Utilization.
Mongillo, M.A. and Nieva, D. (2003) The IEA Geothermal Implementing Agreement- Its Status, Highlights and
Future Prospects. Proceedings Geothermal Resources Council 2003 Annual Meeting, Morelia, Mexico, 12-15
October 2003.
Mongillo, M.A. and Thomas Mégel (2006) New EGS Project Handbooks (EGS-PMDA) from IEA-GIA Annex
III. International Geothermal Association News No. 63, January-March 2006, 13-14.
Muraoka, H., Mongillo, M.A., Nieva, D. and Participants in the IEA GIA (2006) The IEA Geothermal
Implementing Agreement - Its growing role and status toward the new third term. Renewable energy
Conference Japan, 9-13 October 2006, Makuhari Messe, Chiba, Japan.
Nieva, David (2006) Is geothermal energy under-exploited?- Interview with David Nieva. IEA OPEN Energy
Technology Bulletin, No. 35, 5 July 2006.
Rybach, L. and Mongillo, M.A. (2006) Geothermal Sustainability – A Review with Identified Research Needs.
Geothermal Resources Council 2006 Annual Meeting, 10-13 September 2006, San Diego, California, USA.
World Geothermal Congress 2005, 24-29 April 2005, Antalya, Turkey
IEA-GIA Booth with 10 large posters describing GIA activities (some available on GIA website). Also
distributed IEA and GIA reports and other material, audio-visual displays.
Mongillo, M.A. and Participants in IEA-GIA (2005) The IEA Geothermal Implementing Agreement- Its Goals,
Status, Achievements and Prospects. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, 24-29
April 2005.
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12.2
Annexes
Annex I Environment Impacts of Geothermal Energy Development (28 publications/presentations)
World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, May 2005
Chaired an environmental session.
22 papers were presented in Environmental and Societal Aspects Session from participating Annex 1 countries,
including:
Bromley, Chris (2005). Advances in environmental management of geothermal developments.
Geothermics Journal. (Vol. 34 No2 April 2005) Special Issue on Environmental Aspects of Geothermal
Energy (ed. Trevor Hunt)
Foreword by David Nieva (2005) IEA GIA Chairperson, preface by Trevor Hunt.
Hochstein, M., Bromley, C.J. (2005) Measurement of heat flux from steaming ground.
Mroczek, E.K. (2005) Contributions of arsenic and chloride from the Kawerau Geothermal Field to the Tarawera
River, New Zealand.
Şimşek, Şakir, Nazım Yıldırım, Abdullah Gülgör (2005) Developmental and environmental effects at Kızıldere
Geothermal Power Scheme, Turkey.
Leynes, R.D., W. P., C. Pioquinto, J. A. Caranto (2005) Landslide hazard assessment and mitigation measures in
Philippine geothermal fields.
White, Paul A., Trevor M. Hunt (2005) Simple modelling of the effects of exploitation on hot springs, Geyser
Valley, Wairakei, New Zealand.
Scott, B.J., D.A. Gordon, A D Cody (2005) Restoration of Rotorua Geothermal Field, New Zealand: progress,
issues and consequences.
Convened Workshops and Special Sessions
1st Induced Seismicity Workshop. San Francisco, California, USA, 5-6 February 2005.
2nd Induced Seismicity Workshop. Reno, Nevada, USA, 26 September 2005.
3rd Induced Seismicity Workshop. San Francisco, California, USA, 2-3 February 2006.
4th Induced Seismicity Workshop. San Diego, California, USA, September 2006.
Special Session on Induced Seismicity held at GRC 2006 Annual Meeting, San Diego, California, USA, 12
September 2006.
“White” Papers
Majer et al. (2006). Induced Seismicity- Associated with Enhanced Geothermal Systems: State of Knowledge
and Recommendations for Successful Mitigation.
Bromley et al (draft). The Benefits of a Balanced Approach to Geothermal Environmental Management.
Proc. 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop, Nov. 2004
Cindy Werner, Manfred Hochstein, Chris Bromley (2004) CO2-flux of steaming ground at Karapiti (Wairakei, NZ).
Chris Bromley, Vern Manville, Steve Currie, Rick Allis (2004). Subsidence at Crown Road, Taupo, latest
findings.
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IEA Geothermal
Proceedings of IGC2003, Sept. 2003, Reykjavik, Iceland
Andresdottir A,. Sigurdsson O., Gunnarsson T. (2003) Regulatory framework and preparation of geothermal
power plants in Iceland- practical experience and obstacles.
Armannson H.(2003) CO2 emission from geothermal power plants.
Axelsson, G., Stefansson, V. (2003) Sustainable management of geothermal resources.
Bromley C.J. (2003) Practical methods of minimizing or mitigating environmental effects from integrated
geothermal developments, examples from New Zealand.
Wetang’ula, G., Snorrason, S. (2003) Ecological risk assessment of Nesjavellir co-generation plant wastewater
disposal on Lake Thingvallavatn, SW-Iceland.
Proceedings 25th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop, Nov. 2003
Brockelsby, M. (2003) Issues facing Waikato Regional Council in managing geothermal resources.
Bromley C. Currie, S. (2003) Analysis of subsidence at Crown Rd Taupo, a consequence of declining
groundwater.
White S., Allis, R., Moore, J., Chidsey, T., Morgan, C., Gwynn, W., Adams, M. (2003) Injection of CO2 into an
unconfined aquifer located beneath the Colorado Plateau, Central Utah.
Proceedings 24th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop, Nov. 2002
Hochstein, M.H., C.J.Bromley (2002) Assessment of heat losses of steaming ground by calorimetry.
Other Publications
Baria R., Majer E., Fehler M., Toksoz N., Bromley C., and Teza, D. (2006) International cooperation to address
induced seismicity in geothermal systems. Proc. 31st Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California, January 30-February 1, 2006, SGP-TR-179.
Bromley C.J., Rybach L., Mongillo M., Matsunaga I. (2006) Geothermal resources - utilisation strategies to
promote beneficial environmental effects and to optimize sustainability. Proceedings RE2006 Renewable Energy
Conference, Chiba Japan.
Bromley C.J. (2006) Predicting subsidence in New Zealand geothermal fields – a novel approach. Transactions
Geothermal Resources Council, Vol 30. 2006 Annual Meeting, San Diego.
Bromley, C.J. (2005) The ying and the yang of geothermal environmental management. Transactions GRC Vol
29. GRC2005 Reno, Nevada, 22-25 September 2005, 595-600.
Christenson, B.W., E.K.Mroczek, S.Taguchi (2002) The behaviour of Hg in some New Zealand geothermal
reservoir and production environments. GRC Transactions Sept 2002, Reno, Nevada.
Kristmannsdóttir, Hrefna, Halldor Armannsson. (2004). Groundwater in the Lake Myvantn area, northern
Iceland: Chemistry, origin and interaction. Aquatic Geology Journal Vol. 38, 2004.
Oue, K., S.Ohsawa, Y.Yusa (2002) Change in colour of the hot spring deposits at the Chinoike-Jigoku hot pool,
Beppu geothermal field. Geothermics Vol.31 (3), 2002.
Werner C., Cardellini, (2006) Comparison of carbon dioxide emissions with fluid upflow chemistry and geologic
structure at the Rotorua geothermal system, New Zealand. Geothermics (in press).
Website
http://esd.lbl.gov/EGS/ contains results (including presentations) from the first 3 induced seismicity workshops
and data links to induced earthquake information from Soultz and The Geysers.
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Annex III Enhanced Geothermal Systems (26 publications/presentations)
World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, May 2005
Kohl, T., Mégel, T., Baria, R., Hopkirk, R., Rybach, L. (2005) Determining the Impact of Massive Hydraulic
Stimulation on Local Microseismicity. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey.
Matsunaga, I., Renner, J., Mégel, T, and Yamaguchi, T. (2005) Status of the IEA Geothermal Implementing
Agreement Task III. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey.
Mégel, T., Kohl, T., Gérard, A., Rybach, L., Hopkirk, R. (2005) Downhole Pressure Derived from Wellhead
Measurements during Hydraulic Experiments. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Antalya, Turkey.
Rose, P.E., Sheridan, J., McCulloch, J., Moore, J.M., Kovac, K, Weidler, R, and Hickman, S. (2005) The Coso
EGS Project—Recent Developments: Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Antalya, Turkey.
Poster Annex III and trial copy of the EGS-PMDA at the booth of IEA-GIA at WGC 2005 in Antalya, Turkey.
Other Publications
André L. & Vuataz F.D. (2005) Stimulated evolution of reservoir properties for the Enhanced Geothermal
System at Soultz-sous-Forêts: the role of hot brine-rock interactions. Proceedings, 30th Workshop on
Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University SGP-TR-176.
Baria, R., Michelet, S., Baumgartner, J., Dyer, B., Gerard, A., Nicholls, J, Hettkamp, T., Teza, D., Soma, N.,
Asanuma, H., Garnish, J., and Megel, T. (2004) Microseismic monitoring of the world largest potential HDR
reservoir. Proceedings Twenty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, SGP-TR-175, Stanford,
California, January 26-28- 30.
Baria, R., Michelet, S., Baumgaertner, J., Dyer, B., Nicholls, J., Teza, D., Hettkamp, T., Soma, N., Asanuma, H.,
and Kueperkoch, L. (2005) A 5000 m Deep Reservoir Development at the European HDR Site at Soultz:
Proceedings, 30th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University SGP-TR-176.
Carwile, C. (2002) Geophysical Methods for Enhanced Geothermal Systems", EGS Report 2001-01; Princeton
Energy Resources International, LLC; Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) R&D Program, USDOE.
Dezayes, Ch., Chèvremont P., Tourlière B., Homeier, G., Genter, A. ( – Geological study of the GPK4 HFR
borehole and correlation with the GPK3 borehole (Soultz-sous-Forêts, France). BRGM/RP-53697-FR, 85 p., 24
Figs, 6 Tables, 3 Annexes.
Evans K. F. (2005) Permeability creation and damage due to massive fluid injections into granite at 3.5 km at
Soultz: Part 2 - Critical stress and fracture strength: Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, B04204.
Evans, K. F., Genter, A. and Sausse, J. (2005) Permeability creation and damage due to massive fluid injections
into granite at 3.5 km at Soultz: Part 1 - Borehole observations: Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, B04203.
Evans, K.F., H. Moriya, H. Niitsuma, R.H. Jones, W.S. Phillips, A. Genter, J. Sausse, R. Jung, and R. Baria
(2005) Microseismicity and permeability enhancement of hydro-geologic structures during massive fluid
injections into granite at 3 km depth at the Soultz HDR site: Geophys. J. Int., 160: 388-412.
Kohl, T. and Mégel, T. (2005) Coupled Hydro-Mechanical Modelling of the GPK3 Reservoir Stimulation at the
European EGS Site Soultz-sous-Forets: Proceedings, 30th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering,
Stanford University SGP-TR-176.
Mégel, T. (2006) Requirements for the Development of EGS, ENGINE Launching conference, Orléans, France,
12-15. February 2006.
Mongillo, M. and Mégel, T. (2006) New EGS Project Handbook (PMDA) from IEA-GIA Annex III. IGA News
#63.
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Nathwani, J and Creed, R.J. (2002) DOE’s enhanced geothermal systems program. Geothermal Resources
Council Transaction, 26, 235-236.
Robertson-Tail, A., Luts, S.J., Sheridan, J., and Morris, C.L. (2004) Selection of an interval for massive
hydraulic stimulation in well DP 23-1, Desert Peak east EGS project, Nevada. Proceedings Twenty-Ninth
Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, SGP-TR-175, Stanford, California, January 26-28- 30.
Rose, P., Barton, C., Petty, S., McCulloch, J., Moore, J.M., Kovac, K., Sheridan, J., Spielman, P., and Berard, B.
(2002) Creation of an enhanced geothermal system through hydraulic and thermal stimulation. Geothermal
Resources Council Transaction, 26, 245-250.
Rose, P.E., Mella, M., Kaster, C., and Johnson, S.D. (2004) The estimation of reservoir pore volume from tracer
data. Proceedings Twenty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, SGP-TR-175, Stanford,
California, January 26-28- 30.
Rose, P.E., Mella, M., and McCulloch, J., (2006) A Comparison of Hydraulic Stimulation Experiments at the
Soultz, France and Coso, California Engineered Geothermal Systems: Proceedings, 31st Workshop on
Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University SGP-TR-179.
Rowe, C. A., Aster, R.C., Phillips, W.S., Jones, R.H., Borchers, B., and Fehler, M. (2002) Using automated
high-precision repacking to improve delineation of Microseismic structures at the Soultz geothermal reservoir.
Pure Appl. Geoph., 159, 563-596.
Schuppers, J. (2006) EC support to geothermal energy research and demonstration", ENGINE Launching
conference, Orléans, France, 12-15. February 2006.
Soma, N., Asanuma, H., Kaieda, H., Tezuka, K., Wyborn, D., and Niitsuma, H. (2004) On site mapping of
microseimicity at Cooper Basin, Australia HDR project by the Japanese team. Proceedings Twenty-Ninth
Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, SGP-TR-175, Stanford, California, January 26-28- 30.
Annex III activities were presented by Matsunaga, Megel, Renner, and Rose at MTC project meeting, Tohoku
University, Sendai, 19-20 November 2004.
A geothermal tracer workshop was held in conjunction with the 2005 Geothermal Resources Council Annual
Meeting.
Websites
http://www.iea-gia.org
http://geothermql.inl.gov
http://www.nedo.go.jp/enetai/chinetsu/hdr/indexe.htm
http://www.soultz.net/version-en.htm
http://www.geodynamics.com.au/IRM/content/
http://www.egi.utah.edu/geothermal/geothermal.htm
Annex IV Deep Geothermal Resources (27 publications/presentations)
World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, May 2005
Baumgärtner, Teza, Hettkamp (2005) Electricity Production from Hot Rocks; p. 1624.
Holl, Moeck, Schandelmeier (2005) Characterisation of the Tectono-Sedimentary Evolution of a Geothermal
Reservoir, p. 614.
Legarth, Zimmermann, Huenges (2005) Fracture Performance Impairment and Mitigation Strategies, p. 1123.
Nieva, D. (2005) Accurate calculation of thermodynamic properties of H 2O-CO2-CH4 single and binary fluids in
P-T ranges of geothermal interest, paper no. 0855.
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Orzol, Jung, Jatho, Tischner (2005) The GeneSys-Project: Extraction of Geothermal Heat from Tight
Sediments, p. 1621.
Zimmermann, Reinicke, Legarth, Saadat, Huenges (2005) Well Test Analysis after Massive Waterfrac
Treatments in a Sedimentary Geothermal Reservoir, p. 1129.
Other Publications
Adams, M.C. (2004) Use of natural-occurring tracers to monitor two-phase conditions in the Coso EGS project.
Proceedings Twenty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, SGP-TR-175, Stanford, California,
January 26-28- 30.
Arellano, V.M., García, A., Barragán, R.M., Izquierdo, G., Aragón, A. and Nieva, D. (2003) An updated
conceptual model of the Los Humeros geothermal reservoir (Mexico). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research 124, 67-88.
Arellano, V.M., Torres, M.A. and Barragán, R.M. (2005) Thermodynamic evolution of the Los Azufres, Mexico,
geothermal reservoir from 1982 to 2002. Geothermics 34, 592-616.
Asanuma, H., Kumano, Y., Izumi, T., Soma, N., Kaieda, H., Aoyagi, Y., Tezuka, K., Wyborn, D., and Niitsuma,
H. (2004) Microseismic monitoring of a stimulation of HDR reservoir at Cooper Basin, Australia by the
Japanese team. Transactions Geothermal Resources Council, 28, 191-195.
Baria, R., Baumgärtner, J., Gerard, A., Jung, R. (2002) International Conference 4th HDR Forum, Strasbourg,
France 1998 -Draft Papers. - Geologisches Jahrbuch: Sonderhefte: Reihe E, Geophysik; H. SE1; 408 S., 360
Abb., 60 Tab.
Baria, R., Michelet, S., Baumgartner, J., Dyer, B., Gerard, A., Nicholls, J, Hettkamp, T., Teza, D., Soma, N.,
Asanuma, H., Garnish, J., and Megel, T. (2004) Microseismic monitoring of the world largest potential HDR
reservoir. Proceedings Twenty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, SGP-TR-175, Stanford,
California, January 26-28- 30.
European Hot Dry Rock Association EHDRA, Scientific Conference, 17-18 March 2005.
Soultz-sous-Forêts, France. Several presentations and publications in the Proceedings.
Hettkamp, T., Baumgartner, J., Baria, R., Grard, A., Gandy, T., Michelet, S., and Teza, D. (2004) Electricity
production from rocks. Proceedings Twenty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, SGP-TR175, Stanford, California, January 26-28- 30.
Huenges, E., S. Hurter, A. Saadat, S. Köhler, U. Trautwein (2002) The in situ geothermal laboratory Groß
Schönebeck: learning to use low permeability aquifers for geothermal power. Proc. Twenty-Seventh Workshop
on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 28-30, SGP-TR-171.
Hurter, S.Köhler, A. Saadat, H.-G. Holl, W. Rockel, U. Trautwein, G. Zimmermann, M. Wolfgramm, E.
Huenges (2002) Stimulation low permeability aquifers: experiments in Rotliegend sandstones. Geotherm. Res.
Council Trans., 26, 215-220.
Kovac, K.M., Moore, J.N., McCulloch, J., and Ekart, D. (2004) Geology and mineral paragenesis study within
the Coso-EGS project. Proceedings Twenty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, SGP-TR175, Stanford, California, January 26-28- 30.
Nieva, D. and Barragán, R.M. (2003) HCO-TERNARY: A FORTRAN code for calculating P-V-T-X properties
and liquid vapor equilibria of fluids in the system H2O-CO2-CH4. Computers & Geosciences 29, 469-485.
Robertson-Tail, A., Luts, S.J., Sheridan, J., and Morris, C.L. (2004) Selection of an interval for massive
hydraulic stimulation in well DP 23-1, Desert Peak east EGS project, Nevada. Proceedings Twenty-Ninth
Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, SGP-TR-175, Stanford, California, January 26-28- 30.
Rose, P.E., Mella, M., Kaster, C., and Johnson, S.D. (2004) The estimation of reservoir pore volume from tracer
data. Proceedings Twenty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, SGP-TR-175, Stanford,
California, January 26-28- 30.
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Schmidt Mumm, A., Wolfgramm, M. (2002) Diagenesis and fluid mobilisation during the evolution of the North
German Basin – evidence from fluid inclusion and sulphur isotope analysis. Journal of Marine and Petroleum
Geology, 19-3, 229-246.
Soma, N., Asanuma, H., Kaieda, H., Tezuka, K., Wyborn, D., and Niitsuma, H. (2004) On site mapping of
microseimicity at Cooper Basin, Australia HDR project by the Japanese team. Proceedings Twenty-Ninth
Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, SGP-TR-175, Stanford, California, January 26-28- 30.
Tenma, N., Yamaguchi, T., and Zyvoloski, G. (2004) Estimation of the characteristics of the Hijiori reservoir at
the HDR test site during a long-term circulation test, term 2 and term 3.Geothermal Resources Council
Transactions, 28.
Thorenz, C. & Kessels, W. (2002) Simulation of a stimulated geothermal reservoir with a hybrid discretefracture multi-continua approach. Acta Universitas Carolinae - Geologica 2002, 46(2/3): 50-53.
Wannamaker, P.E., Rose, P.E., Doerner, W.M., Berard, B.C., McCulloch, J., and Nurse, K. (2004)
Magnetotelluric surveying and monitoring at the Coso Geothermal Area, California, in support of the Enhanced
Geothermal Systems concept: Survey parameters and initial results. Proceedings Twenty-Ninth Workshop on
Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, SGP-TR-175, Stanford, California, January 26-28- 30.
Wolfgramm, M., Seibt, A. Hurter, S. & Zimmermann, G. (2002) Origin of geothermal fluids of PermoCarboniferous rocks in the NE German Basin (NE Germany). Journal of Geochemical Exploration (Accepted).
G. Zimmermann, H. Burkhardt, E. Engelhard (2002) Scale dependence of hydraulic and structural parameters in
fractured rock. Proceedings of the 2nd Biot Conference on Poromechanics, Grenoble.
Websites Related to Annex IV Work
Bad Urach project: http://www.geotermie.de/bad_urach.htm
EU-Project in Soultz-sous-Forêt: www.Soultz.net
Federal Institut for Geosciences and Natural Resources in Hannover, Germany: www.bgr.bund.de
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety: www.bmu.bund.de
Forschungszentrum Jülich, Project Management: www.fz-juelich.de/ptj/
GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, GFZ: www.gfz-potsdam.de
Institut für Energetik Leipzig: www.ie-leipzig.de
Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas: www.iie.org.mx
Coso stimulation Project, USA: http://www.egs.egi.utah.edu
Deep Heat Mining, Switzerland: http://www.dhm.ch
DOE technical projects: http://www.eere.energy.gov/geothermal
GeneSys-Project, Germany: http://www.bgr.de/
Germany’s Resources: http://www.tab.fzk.de/
Hijiori Project, Japan: http://www.nedo.go.jp/chinetsu/hdr/hijiorinow/html
Soultz European HDR Project: http://www.soultz.net/
Annex VII Advanced Geothermal Drilling Techniques (48 publications/presentations)
World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, May 2005
Altun, Gürsat, Umran Serpen (2005) Investigating Improved Rheological and Fluid Loss Performance of
Sepiolite Muds Under Elevated Temperatures, WGC 2005, Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
Davies, David, Gary Couples and Bjarni Palsson (2005) Stimulation of Geothermal Wells, Can We Afford It?
WGC 2005, Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
Elders, W. A., and G. O. Fridleifsson (2005) The Iceland Deep Drilling Project - Scientific Opportunities. WGC
2005, Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
Finger, J.T., Hoover, E. R. (2005) The IEA's Role in Advanced Geothermal Drilling Technology, SAND20040507 C. World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey 04/24/2005.
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Fridleifsson, G. O., W. A. Elders, S. Thorhallsson, and A. Albertsson (2005) The Iceland Deep Drilling Project A Search for Unconventional (Supercritical) Geothermal Resources. WGC 2005, Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29,
2005.
García-Gutiérrez, A., G. Espinosa-Paredes, G. Amaro-Espejo (2005) Effect of Variable Rheological Properties
of Drilling Muds and Cements on the Temperature Distribution in Geothermal Wells. WGC 2005, Antalya,
Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
Henninges, Jan, Günter Zimmermann, Grit Büttner, Jörg Schrötter, Kemal Erbas, and Ernst Huenges (2005)
Wireline Distributed Temperature Measurements and Permanent Installations Behind Casing WGC 2005,
Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
Jotaki, Hisashi and Keisuke Ushijima (2005) Practical Application of Directional Drilling at Takigami
Geothermal Fields, Japan, WGC 2005, Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
Jumawan, J. E., F. E. Mendita, M.Z. Aguilar, B. B. Belista and R. E. Retuya (2005) The Philippines' First
Geothermal Relief Well, WGC 2005, Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
Legarth, Bjoern A. and Ali Saadat (2005) Energy Consumption for Geothermal Wells (2005) WGC 2005,
Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
Normann, Randy A. (2005) Recent Advancements in High-Temperature, High-Reliability Electronics Will Alter
the Geothermal Industry, SAND2004-0902. World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, 04/24/2005.
Radzinski, P., Mack, S., Brady, K., Cheatham, C., and Kerk, T. (2005) New Technology High Temperature and
High Pressure MWD & LWD System, WGC 2005, Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
Tyner, C. E., J. T. Finger, A. Jelacic, and E. R. Hoover (2005) The IEA's Role in Advanced Geothermal Drilling.
SAND2004-0507 C. WGC 2005, Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
Wise, J. L., and J. T. Finger (2005) IEA/GIA Annex VII: Advanced Geothermal Drilling Technology, displayed
in the IEA/GIA Booth at WGC 2005, Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
Wise, J. L., and J. T. Finger (2005) The IEA's Role in Advanced Geothermal Drilling, Technical Poster Session
1 at WGC 2005. Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
Wise, J. L., Mansure, A. J., Blankenship, D. A. (2005) Hard-Rock Field Performance of Drag Bits and a
Downhole Diagnostics-While-Drilling (DWD) Tool, SAND2004-2318 C. World Geothermal Congress 2005
(WGC 2005), Antalya, Turkey 04/24/2005.
Other Publications
Batcheller, Gary W. Frisch, Gary (2004) Improving lightweight cement evaluation in the geothermal
environment., SAND2004-3901C Annual Meeting - Geothermal Resources Council Indian Wells CA USA
08/29/2004.
Bauer S.J. & Mansure, A. J. (2004) Comments on High Temperature Plugs: Progress Report on Polymers and
Silicates, SAND2004-4142 C 2004 Geothermal Research Council Conference, Indian Wells CA USA,
8/30/2004.
Bauer S.J., Gronewald, P. J., Mansure, A. J. (2005) High-Temperature Plug Formation With Silicate Hydrates,
SAND2004-2983 A. International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, The Woodlands TX USA, 02/02/2005.
Bauer S.J., Gronewald, P. J., Mansure, A. J. (2005) High-Temperature Plug Formation with Silicates,
SAND2004-6503 C, 2005 SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, The Woodlands TX USA,
02/02/2005.
Blankenship, D. A., A. J. Mansure, J. T. Finger, R. D. Jacobson, and S. D. Knudsen (2004) "Update on a
Diagnostics-While-Drilling (DWD) System to Assist in the Development of Geothermal Wells," GRC
Transactions, Vol. 28, 2004, pp. 153-157.
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Blankenship, D. A., Knudsen, S. D. , Mansure, A. J., Jacobson, R. D. (2004) Update on a Diagnostics-WhileDrilling (DWD) System to Assist in the Development of Geothermal Wells SAND2004-4222 C 2004
Geothermal Research Council Conference, Indian Wells CA USA 08/30/2004.
Blankenship, D. A., Mansure, A. J. Bauer S.J., Wise, Jack L, Normann, Randy A. (2005) Research Efforts to
Reduce the Cost of Well Development for Geothermal Power Generation, SAND2004-6386 C, American Rock
Mechanics Symposium Anchorage, AK USA 06/25/2005.
Blankenship, D.A., J.A. Henfling, A.J. Mansure, R.D. Jacobson, S.D. Knudsen, and D.J. Chavira (2006) HighTemperature Diagnostics-While-Drilling System. Geothermal Research Council Conference, San Diego CA
USA, 2006.
Boro, H., and G.E. Melosh (2006) Application of Real-Time Digital Rig Data to Wellbore Stability at
Awibengkok Geothermal Field, West Java, Indonesia. Geothermal Research Council Conference, San Diego CA
USA, 2006.
Chavira D. J. (2004) High Temperature Capacitor Testing 2004-1498 C HiTec 2004 Conference, Santa Fe NM
USA, 05/17/2004.
Finger, J. and E. Hoover (2003) Annex VII: The IEA’s Role in Advanced Geothermal Drilling. Geothermal
Resources Council Annual Meeting, October 2003.
Garcia-Gutierrez, A., E. Santoyo, and G. Espinosa (2006) Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients of Newtonian
and Non-Newtonian Geothermal Drilling Fluids. Geothermal Research Council Conference, San Diego CA
USA, 2006.
Henfling, J. A., Normann, Randy A., Chavira, David, J. (2004) Recent Advancements in High-Temperature,
High-Reliability Electronics Will Alter Geothermal Exploration, SAND2004-3902 C, Geothermal Resources
Council 2004 Annual Meeting, Palm Springs CA USA, 08/30/2004.
Jaimes-Maldonado, J.G., and S. Cornejo Castro (2006) Case Study: Underbalanced or Mud Drilling Fluids at
Tres Virgenes Geothermal Field. Geothermal Research Council Conference, San Diego CA USA, 2006.
Mansure, A. J. & Bauer S.J. (2004) Advances in Geothermal Drilling Technology: reducing cost while
improving longevity of the well, SAND2004-3687 C. Geological Society of Nevada, Symposium 2005, Reno
NV USA, 05/13/2005.
Mansure, A.J., S.J. Bauer, B.J. Livesay, and S. Petty (2006) Geothermal Well Cost Analyses 2006. Geothermal
Research Council Conference, San Diego CA USA, 2006.
Mansure, A. J. & Bauer S.J. (2004) Polymer Grouts for Plugging Lost Circulation in Geothermal Wells,
SAND2004-5853, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM.
Normann, Randy A. (2004) Long-Term SOI Tool Demonstration Test at Coso, SAND2004-6003 C, Drilling
Engineering Assoc. Meeting, Houston TX USA 11/18/2004.
Normann, Randy A. (2004) An Introduction to Problems Encountered with Well Instrumentation 2004-6384 C,
American Geological Union Conference, Palo Alto CA USA, 12/13/2004.
Normann, Randy A. & Henfling, J. A. (2004) Aerospace R & D Benefits Future Geothermal Reservoir
Monitoring SAND2004-2705 C Geothermal Resource Council Transaction Palm Springs CA USA 08/29/2004.
Normann, Randy A. & Henfling, J. A. (2004) High Temperature Downhole Reservoir Monitoring System”,
SAND2004-0300 C Twenty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford CA, 1/26/2004.
Philippacopoulos, A.J., P. Gutierrez, L. Capuano, and M. Berndt (2006) Structural Integrity of Well Cements.
Geothermal Research Council Conference, San Diego CA USA, 2006.
Radzinski, P., Mack, S., Brady, K., Cheatham, C., and Kerk, T. (2005) New Technology High Temperature and
High Pressure MWD & LWD System, WGC 2005, Antalya, Turkey, April 24-29, 2005.
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Raymond, D.W., J.W. Grossman, G. Chahine, K. Glass, A. Black, and K. Bertagnolli (2006) Development and
Testing of a PDC Bit with Passively Pulsating Cavitating Nozzles. Geothermal Research Council Conference,
San Diego CA USA, 2006.
Salazar-Mendoza, R., and A. Garcia-Gutierrez (2006) Results from the Averaging Model for Cuttings Transport
in Horizontal Drilling. Geothermal Research Council Conference, San Diego CA USA, 2006.
Spielman, P., R. Hernandez, and H. Nguyen (2006) Reverse Circulation of Foamed Cement in Geothermal
Wells. Geothermal Research Council Conference, San Diego CA USA, 2006.
Speilman, P., W. Rickard, and W. Teplow (2006) Puna Geothermal Venture, Hawaii – 2005 Drilling Program.
Geothermal Research Council Conference, San Diego CA USA, 2006.
Suto,Yuko, Hiroshi Takahashi, Nobuo Hatakeyama, Joseph Henfling (2006) Temperature Memory Gauge
Survey and Estimation of Formation Temperature of the USDP-4 conduit hole at the Unzen Volcano, Japan,
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2006.
Tuttle, J.D. (2006) Recent Developments: Drilling Fluids and Cement Additives. Geothermal Research Council
Conference, San Diego CA USA, 2006.
Warpinski, Norman Raymond, Sattler, Allan Richard, Fortuna, Ray (2004) US Department of Energy, Sanchez,
Danny A US Department of Energy, Nathwani, J. S US Department of Energy, SAND2004-2722C,Geothermal
resource exploration and definition project., 2004 Annual Meeting - Geothermal Resources Council Indian
Wells CA USA 08/29/2004.
Wise, J. L. (2005) Optimization of PDC Drill Bit Performance Utilizing High Speed Real Time Downhole Data
Acquired Under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, 2004-5904 C. 2005 SPE/IADC Drilling
Conference & Exhibition Amsterdam, The Netherlands 02/23/2005.
Wise, J. L. (2004) Hard-Rock Drilling Performance of Advanced Drag Bits, SAND 2004-4223 C 2004
Geothermal Research Council Conference, Indian Wells CA USA, 08/30/2004.
Wise, J. L., T. Roberts, A. Schen, O. Matthews, W. A. Pritchard, G. Mensa-Wilmot, S. Ernst, R. Radtke, R.
Riedel, and J. Hanaway (2004) "Hard-Rock Drilling Performance of Advanced Drag Bits," GRC Transactions,
Vol. 28, 2004, pp. 177-184 SAND2004-4223C, Albuquerque, NM.
Websites Related to Annex IV Work
Sandia National Laboratories, USA: http://www.sandia.gov/geothermal
Annex VIII Direct Use of Geothermal Energy (1 publication/presentation)
Work initiated in September 2005, so efforts have concentrated on collection, analysis and evaluation of data.
Muraoka, H., Sakaguchi, K., Nakao, S. and Kimbara, K. (2006) Discharge temperature -discharge rate
correlation of Japanese hot springs driven by buoyancy and its application to permeability mapping. Geophysical
Research Letters, 33, L10405, (10.1029/2006GL026078).
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ATTACHMENT I
GIA 2007-2012 Strategic Plan Outline
Strategic Plan Outline
1.
Introduction
1.1 Background
2.
The Current Status
2.1 Status of the Geothermal Industry
2.2 The Market for Geothermal Energy
2.3 Geothermal Implementing Agreement Activities
3.
Vision, Mission and Benefits
3.1 Vision Statement
3.2 Mission Statement
3.3 Benefits of GIA Activities
4.
Programme Strengths, Limitations and Opportunities
4.1 Programme Strengths
4.2 Programme and Market Limitations
4.3 Opportunities
5.
Strategic Objectives and Action Plan
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Stimulate Technology Research, Development & Deployment
Develop Analytical Tools
Foster International Networking and Collaboration
Communicate Key Lessons Learned
Action Plan for 2007-2012
6.
Programme Management
6.1 Organization
6.2 Secretary
6.3 Standing Committees
6.4 Budget and Costs
6.5 Term
7.
Strategy and Performance Review
7.1 Annual Review
References
Appendix I- Common Fund Apportionment
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ATTACHMENT II
Country / Name
AUSTRALIA
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
GEODYNAMICS
Limited
GERMANY
GREEN ROCK
ENERGY Limited
ICELAND
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GIA Executive Committee (October 2006)
Delegate
Organization / address
Barry Goldstein
Director
Petroleum & Geothermal Group
Primary Industries & Resources-SA (PIRSA)
Government of South Australia
GPO 1671
Adelaide SA 5001
AUSTRALIA
Jeroen Schuppers
European Commission
DG RTD J-3
CDMA 5/174
BE-1049 Brussels
BELGIUM
Doone Wyborn
Dieter Rathjen
Adrian Larking
Helga Tulinius
e-mail / tel / Fax
Alternate
Address, etc. (where different)
Tony Hill
Petroleum & Geothermal Group
Primary Industries & ResourcesSA (PIRSA)
[email protected]
Tel. +61-8-8463-3225
Fax +61-8-8463-3229
Jeroen.Schuppers@ ec.europa.eu
Tel. ++32-2-295-7006
Fax ++32-2-299-4991
William Gillett
European Commission
DG TREN / D-2 (DM24 03/126)
B-1049 Brussels
BELGIUM
Tel. ++32-2-299-5676
Fax ++32-2-296-3765
[email protected]
Chief Scientific Officer
Geodynamics Limited
Suite 6 Level 1
19 Lang Parade
PO Box 2046
Milton
Queensland 4064
AUSTRALIA
[email protected]
Tel. ++61-7-3721-7500
Fax ++61- 7-3721-7599
To be Appointed
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Project Management Organization
D-52425 Jülich
GERMANY
[email protected]
Tel. ++49-2461-61-42-33
Fax ++49-2461-61-28-40
Lothar Wissing
Managing Director
Green Rock Energy Limited
6/38 Colin Street
West Perth
AUSTRALIA
[email protected]
Tel. ++61-8-9482-0482
Fax ++61-8-9482-0499
Verkfraeðistofa/Engineering
VGK
Laugavegi 178
IS-105 Reykjavik
ICELAND
[email protected]
Tel. +61-8-8463-3200
Fax +61-8-8463-3229
[email protected]
Tel. ++354-540-0100
Fax ++354-540-0100
34
-
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
[email protected]
Tel. ++49-246-1-61-4843
Fax ++49-246-1-61-28-40
Alan Knights
GreenRock Energy Limited
[email protected]
Tel ++61-8-9482-0405
Fax ++61-8-9482-0499
Hrefna Kristmannsdóttir
University of Akureyri
Faculty of Natural Resource
Sciences
Solborg, Nordurslod, 600
Akureyri
ICELAND
[email protected]
Tel. ++354-463-0974
Fax ++354-463-0998
IEA Geothermal
GIA Executive Committee (October 2006)
Country / Name
ITALY
JAPAN
MEXICO
NEW ZEALAND
ORMAT
Technologies, Inc.
REPUBLIC
OF
KOREA
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Delegate
To be Appointed
Hirofumi Muraoka
Organization / address
e-mail / tel / Fax
ENEL Produzione
Via Andrea Pisano 120
I-56122 Pisa
ITALY
Leader
Geothermal Resources Research Group
Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment
(GREEN)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology (AIST)
Central 7
Higashi 1-1-1
Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567
JAPAN
-
[email protected]
Tel: ++81-29-861-2403
Fax ++81-29-861-3717
Alternate
Guido Cappetti
Chitoshi Akasaka
David Nieva
Chairman
Manager of Technology Transfer
Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE)
Av. Reforma N˚113, Col. Palmira
62490 Temixco, Mor.
MEXICO
[email protected]
Tel. ++52-777-318-3811, ext. 7495
Fax ++52-777-318-9542
Victor Manuel Arellano
Gómez
Chris Bromley
GNS Science
Wairakei Research Centre
Private Bag 2000
Taupo
NEW ZEALAND
[email protected]
Tel. ++64-7-374-8211
Fax ++64-7-374-8199
Colin Harvey
Dan Schochet
Vice-President
ORMAT Technologies, Inc.
980 Greg Street
Sparks, Nevada 89431-6039
UNITED STATES
[email protected]
Tel: ++1-775-356-9029
Fax: ++1-775-356-9039
Yoonho Song
Leader
Geothermal Resources Group
Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral
Resources (KIGAM)
30 Gajeong-dong
Yuseong-gu
Daejeon 305-350
KOREA
[email protected]
Tel. +82-42-868-3175
Fax. +82-42-863-9404
35
Zvi Krieger
Hyoung Chan Kim
Address, etc. (where different)
ENEL Produzione
[email protected]
Tel. ++39-050-618-5769
Fax ++39-050-618-5504
Energy and Environment Policy
Department
New Energy and Industrial
Technology Development
Organization (NEDO)
MUZA Kawasaki Central
Tower 18F
1310 Omiya-cho, Saiwai-ku
Kawasaki City
Kanagawa 212-8554
JAPAN
[email protected]
Tel: ++81- 44-520-5183
Fax ++81- 44-520-5186
IIE
[email protected]
Tel. ++52-777-3-62-38-03
Fax ++52-777-3-62-38-04
GNS Science
[email protected]
ORMAT Technologies, Inc.
[email protected]
KIGAM
[email protected]
Tel. +82-42-868-3074
Fax. +82-42-863-9404
IEA Geothermal
GIA Executive Committee (October 2006)
Country / Name
SWITZERLAND
USA
STAFF
Delegate
Ladislaus Rybach
Vice Chairman
Allan Jelacic
Vice Chairman
Mike Mongillo
IEA-GIA Secretary
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Organization / address
Managing Director
GEOWATT AG
Dohlenweg 28
CH-8050 Zürich
SWITZERLAND
Office of Geothermal Technologies
US Department of Energy, EE-2C
1000 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20585
UNITED STATES of AMERICA
IEA-GIA Secretariat
GNS Science
Wairakei Research Centre
Private Bag 2000
Taupo
NEW ZEALAND
e-mail / tel / Fax
[email protected]
Tel. ++41-44-242-1454
Fax ++41-44-242-1458
[email protected]
Tel. ++1-202-586-6054
Fax ++1-202-586-8185
[email protected] (home office)
[email protected]
Tel. ++64-7-378-9774 (home office)
Tel. ++64-7-374-8211
Fax ++64-7-374-8199
36
Alternate
Thomas Mégel
Address, etc. (where different)
GEOWATT AG
Dohlenweg 28
CH-8050 Zürich
SWITZERLAND
[email protected]
Tel. ++41-44-242-1454
Fax ++41-44-242-1458
US Department of Energy
Roy Mink
[email protected]
Tel. ++1-202-586-5463
Fax ++1-202-586-8185
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