Inclusive Education for
Children with Disabilities
What is Inclusive Education?
It is NOT
It IS
• Keeping children with disabilities
out of school
• Segregated special education
schools
• Separate classes integrated into
regular schools
• Including all children in
mainstream schools
Exclusion
Segregation
Integration
Inclusion
Why is Inclusive Education important?
It’s a right (CRC, CRPD)
It’s a global commitment (MDG2, SDG4)
It’s good economics (Lamichhane, Mizunoya)
It’s good socially
Net Attendance Rate vs % of
OOSC who have a disability
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Ethiopia, rural
Papua New Guinea
Tanzania (2008)
Nigeria
Bangladesh
Tanzania (2011)
Uganda (2010)
Malawi
India
Albania
Uganda (2011)
Indonesia
Viet Nam
South Africa (2011)
West Bank and…
Maldives
South Africa (2013)
•
•
•
•
Children with disabilities are always the last to go to school
… for example …
% o f o u t - o f - s c h o o l c h i l d r e n o f p r i m a r y s c h o o l a g e , Vi e t n a m, 2 0 0 9
100
87
90
80
70
60
50
40
27
30
20
2
5
3
2
Kinh
Tay
4
Rural
4
Urban
4
Girls
10
13
5
10
4
3
7
4
Total
Sex
Location
Ethnicity
Migration
With
disabilities
No
disabilities
Migrant
Non-migrant
Other
Mong
Khmer
Muong
Thai
Boys
0
Disability
What progress has been made?
Annual UNICEF Standard Monitoring Questions survey of over 140 countries
Moderate progress
• Legislation and policies
Still some way to go
• Data collection
• Attitudes
1 = bad; 2 = poor; 3 = fair; 4 = good
Serious Weaknesses
• Teacher training
• Accessible schools
• Learning materials
Key issue is implementation at school level.
How is UNICEF working?
Strategies
1. Knowledge generation and data
collection
2. Dissemination of evidence and
advice
3. Development of guidance and
tools
4. Advocacy and promotion
5. Partnerships
6. Building capacity
7. Supporting implementation
What is UNICEF doing?
• 14 technical booklets + webinars
• Inclusive EMIS guide
• MICS6 module on Child
Functioning
• Inclusive education programme
guidelines
• Chapter in Education Sector
Analysis Methodological
Guidelines
• Accessible learning materials
initiative
• Training courses and workshops
• Regional and global events
• Country Office support to
Ministries of Education
Why is equity important?
Mark Waltham
Senior Education Adviser, UNICEF
[email protected]