Unit
2
Reading 2
Fit for life
Unit 2
课件描述：
本课件用于Reading第二课时，
通过词汇填空，句子翻译，小组讨
论以及小组报告的形式帮助学生掌
握本课阅读材料中的语言重点难点。
本课教学在教师讲解过程中穿插学
生活动达到教学效果。
Unit 2 Reading 2
published; recommended; ASA; tablet; invented
invented in 1897.
Aspirin is a medicine that was __________
It has saved and brought relief to millions of people’s
lives. It is made from a chemical called _____
ASA and
was first sold as a tablet in 1900. This was the first
medicine to be sold as a standardized tablet
______. It
works by reducing fever and pain. It is now
recommended for reducing potential heart attacks,
___________
strokes and cancer. Many reports have been
published about how aspirin can improve people’s
________
health.
contemporary; discovered; available
penicillin is a chemical in mould that was first
discovered
_________ in 1928, but it was not until World
War II that penicillin was purified to be used
as a medicine. It was needed as soon as it was
available because there were many people
_______
injured in the war. It was fundamental to
saving many thousands of lives and is one of
the most important medicines of
____________
contemporary society.
Phrases
1.集中于……上 L1 focus on
open up
2.打开 L2
3.很有可能 L2 There is a high probability that
4.挽救……的生命 L3 save one’s life
5. 建议做…… L7 recommend doing /
recommend sb. to do
6.由……制成 L9
7.发生 L14
8.以粉末形式 L15
be made from
take place
in powder form
9.被制成片剂被出售L16 be sold as a tablet
standardized tablet
10.标准片剂L18
11.最畅销的止痛药L19 best-selling painkiller
reduce the risk of
12.减少心脏病的
heart attack
发作L23
carry
out
a
study
13.进行一项研究L26
14.延长人类
increase the length
寿命L31
of people’s lives
15.被认为是L36
be considered to be
16.在当代L37 in contemporary society
17. 在……上试用某物L41 try sth. out on…
make it pure
18.使……变纯L45
manage to do sth.
19.成功地做成某事L47
chemical techniques
20.化学方法L48
in large quantities
21.大量L49
22. 由于被广
due to the widespread
泛使用L60
use of
23.梦想实现L51
a dream come true
24神奇的药片L59
wonder drug
Language points
1.The article will focus on two drugs that
started a revolution in medicine.
focus on: to pay much attention to,
focus one’s attention/efforts/energy on / upon
sb./sth. 集中（注意力、努力、精力等）于……；把
……集中在……上；
focus one’s mind/minds on / upon sb./sth 把思想
/心思集中在……上；
focus one’s eyes/gaze on … 注视着……
focuses on a different grammar point.
1. Each exercise____________
focused on
2. In China, scientists have_________________（努力）
cloning animals, as well as stem cells to be used in
medical research.
2. If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to
medicine counter in the world, it is likely that you
will find aspirin and penicillin.
open up 打开（门、容器等）；营业，开业；开辟，
开创，开拓
opens up
The doorman ___________（打开）
the school
gate at six every morning.
opened up
In this way they ___________
a favourable
situation.
It’s likely that… sb./sth. is likely to do sth.
这趟火车很可能晚点。The train is likely to be late.
It is likely that the train will be late.
比较：probable: adj. 很可能的，与likely意思
相近，有时可以互换；possible的语气稍弱。他们各自
的句型如下：It’s probable/possible for sb. to do
sth.
It’s probable/possible that …
probability n.
1. The probability of getting all the answers correct is
about one in ten.
2. There's a high/strong probability (that) (= It is very
likely that) she'll be here.
3. Until yesterday, the project was just a possibility, but
now it has become a real probability.
3.Both of these medicines have saved millions of
people’s lives and have proved beneficial to
mankind since they were invented.
adv. 1. 有益的；有利的；有帮助的[(+for/to)]
2. 【律】有权益的；受益的
beneficial legacy 有权受益的遗产
钙对我们的骨骼有益。 Calcium is beneficial to our bones.
CF: be advantageous to 对……有利
be beneficial to 对……有益
这两者的区别可以归结为advantageous和beneficial 的区别。
advantageous 指在相对的位置上或成功的机会方面给予改善：提供
优势的
beneficial 意为增进健康，增长经验等；
4. Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves or
drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special
chemical to reduce body pains and fever.
vt. 1. 嚼,咀嚼,嚼碎
He chews gum. 他嚼口香糖。
2. 深思,细想,熟虑[(+over)]
I'll chew the problem over for a few days.
这个问题我会仔细思考几天。
He chewed over the problem for several days before making his
decision.
他对这个问题详细考虑了好多天才作出决定。
chew on 1. 咀嚼[(+on)]
He was chewing on his meat as he found it hard to swallow.
2. 斟酌，仔细考虑
He took my offer after chewing on it.
仔细考虑后他接受了我的提议。
及物动词 vt. 1. 拥有，持有；具有；占有[W]
The country possesses rich mineral deposits.
这个国家拥有丰富矿藏。
in the possession of和in possession of和take
possession of有什么区别呢？
in the possession of 为物做主语，
in possession of 为人做主语，
eg. We are in possession of those buildings. Those
buildings are in the possession of us.
take possession of 为人做主语，
eg The little boy takes possession of the firm.
5. The first trials of this medicine took place in
1899 when the company Hoffmann worked for
began distributing the medicine in powder form to
physicians to use with patients.
trial (n.) —try (v.): a test to see if
something is effective or someone is
suitable
In the one-year trial, you must work hard
and prove your ability.
1) Clinical trials should be done before a new
drug can be put into use.
2) The first trial flight has been a great
success.
3) They let me have the computer on trial
for three months.
4) It was by/through trial and error that I
learnt most of what I know about gardening.
distribute vt. 分配; 分给; 分送；区分; 分类；分布; 散布
习惯用语
distribute...over ... 把……配给到（分配到, 散布于）……
distribute sth. to 把某物分（配, 发）给……
distribute sth. among 把某物分（配, 发）给……
distribute books among the students 把书分给学生
distribute seeds over a field 在田间播种
distribute books to students 给学生发书
6.Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing
fever and helping stop pain, but there are also
other things that aspirin can help with.
adv. 1. 生命的;维持生命所必需的
Growth and decay are vital processes. 生长和衰亡是生命过程。
2. 充满活力的,生气勃勃的
The Chinese I knew were trusting, open, and vital.
我所认识的中国人信赖别人,坦率,充满活力。
3. 极其重要的,必不可少的[(+to/for)]
The questions put forward at the meeting are of vital importance.
会上提出的那些问题极其重要。
4. 致命的;生死攸关的
He committed a vital error. 他犯了一个致命的错误。
7. Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, introduced
the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce
the risk of heart attacks, because it helps the blood
circulate better.
potential潜在的,可能的
The dispute has scared away potential investors.
这一争端吓走了潜在的投资者。
可能性;潜力,潜能[(+for)]
She has acting potential, but she needs training.
Circulate (1)vi. 流行，传播
Rumours began to circulate that the chairman was
going to resign.
主席打算辞职的谣言开始流传。
(2)散发，散布
The letter has been circulated to shareholders.
这封信已经发到了各个股东手里。
(3) vt./vi. (使)循环；(使)流通
a machine designed to circulate warm air
为使暖空气环流而设计的机器
slow narrow calm warm
dry dirty better lower
1) The trainslowed
____ down to half its
speed.
narrows at the point.
2) The river ______
calm her.
3) I couldn’t _____
warm the milk.
4) Please ______
dries sooner than a tear.
5) Nothing ______
dirty your hands, children.
6) Don’t ______
7) He lowered
______ his voice not to wake her.
Please make sentences with the
following words:
quiet
thin idle empty yellow
busy
better wrong grey
8. … and in 1977, a study carried out in the
USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin
could prevent a stroke. Lines26-27
1) Chinese astronauts ____________
have carried out
the mission in space exploration
successfully.
2) Once a plan is made, it should
be carried out no matter how difficult
__________
it is.
carry out; carry away; carry on;
carry through; carry off
carrying out urgent
1) They are ___________
repairs.
carried away when
2) Marsha got so __________
arguing with her husband that she hit
him.
carried off all the prizes.
3) Jean _________
4) Even after the music started they
carried on talking.
__________
5) His strong determination carried
______
through his illness.
him ________
9. … aspirin could reduce the risk of
some cancers by 40 per cent.
1) Eating a lot of green food helps
reduce
the risk of heart disease.
减少心脏病的危险
________________________
2) If you tell me the truth, you will
reduce减少挨骂的风险
the risk of being scolded
________________________.
3) By criticizing the boss he risked
losing
_______
his job. (lose)
Guess the meaning of each phrase.
1) You have to take/run a lot of risks
冒险
if you want to succeed in business.
2) Anyone swimming in this lake does
so at his own risk.
有某人自担风险
3) The disease is spreading and all
young children are at risk.
处境危险
10. He noted that a dish in which he was
trying to grow bacteria for an experiment
looked abnormal.
note: notice/write down
1) Please note that this shop will be
closed on Sundays.
2) He keeps a diary to note what
happens to him.
Guess the meaning of “note (n.)” .
1) We should also read the notes on the text
at the back of the book. 注释
2) He took another look and found it was a 10pound note. 纸币
3) We always take notes in class. 笔记
4) At first I was going to write Kathy a note,
but then I decided to call her instead. 便条
5) Lily has a nice voice but she had trouble
hitting the high notes. 音符
11. He immediately thought that the
mould might have an application in treating
illness caused by bacteria.
application (n.)—apply (v.)
1) Genetic engineering has many
applications in agriculture. 应用
2) Our university welcomes
申请
applications from overseas students.
Fill in the blanks.
1) Scientific discoveries are often
to industrial
applied _____
processes.
to
2) I want to apply _____
the boss
for this task.
___
use; usage; application
1) The application
________ of new scientific discoveries
to industrial processes often makes jobs
easier to do.
2) He has developed a number of application
_______
software.
3) She put her knowledge of German to good
____.
use
4) I want to write a book on modern English
______.
usage
12. Second, it was difficult to produce
penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be
effective.
effective 有效的
effective resistance 【电】有效电阻
take effective measures 采取有效措施
The description of the fire is very effective. 对大火的描述
极其生动
efficient有效率的 ; 能胜任的
efficient methods 经济而有效的方法
an efficient manager 称职的经理
effectual 奏效的
Quinine is an effectual preventive for malaria.
奎宁是有效的疟疾预防药。
13. And managed to make and test the
new drugs in large quantities. Lines48-49
大量
in large
quantities and
1) Buy vegetables _____________,
you’ll be given a very good discount.
2) When young at college, dad bought
少量
in small
quantities for life was
books ______________,
too hard.
large/small quantities of + n. + pred.
[pl.]
a quantity of + /u/ + pred. [sing]
have been
Large quantities of goods ____
stored for the winter.
have been
Large quantities of food ____
stored for the winter.
has been
A large quantity of beer ____
sold.
14. … the government approval process for
penicillin was accelerated, and mass
production was begun in 1944.
approval正误用法
■人们都喜欢别人赞同自己所做的事情。
误：We all like others to show approvals of what we do.
正：We all like others to show approval of what we do.
析：approval(批准，认可，赞同)是不可数名词。
■我们已得到他的允许可以使用他的汽车。
误：We have obtained his approval to use his car.
正：We have obtained his approval of our using his car.
析：approval 后通常不接不定式，若语义上需要，可
用 of doing sth。
accelerate
及物动词 vt.
使增速
The driver stepped on the gas and accelerated
the car.
司机加大油门,让汽车加速行驶。
促进；促使……早日发生
The bad weather accelerated our departure.
糟糕的天气促使我们早日离开。
不及物动词 vi. 加快；增长；增加
The car suddenly accelerated.
汽车突然加快了速度。
mass adj.
mass n.
1) The new policy raised a storm of mass
protests.
大量
2) The sun makes up about 99% of the mass
of solar system.
质量
3) The trains provided cheap travel for the
masses.
群众
4) Stored in the computer is a huge mass of
data.
许多
15. Due to the widespread use of
penicillin, many lives were saved during
World War II. Lines 50-51
1) The flight will arrive late due to the
heave fog.
2) When is the next train due?
3) Please let me know when the rent is
due in advance.
4) The strike is due to begin on Tuesday.
16. If… sickness of even small wounds
1.The long sickness wasted his strength.
长期的疾病耗损了他的体力。
2.A painful sickness cast a gloom over the young
girl.
病痛使那个年轻姑娘情绪低落。
3.The tsetse fly is a bearer of sleeping sickness.
采采蝇为传染昏睡病的媒介。
4.The holy man healed them of their sickness.
那位圣人治好了他们的病。
5.The passengers turned quite green with seasickness.
旅客们由于晕船而脸色发青.
Group discussion
trial; thin; note; application; mass
due to; carry out; reduce the risk of
in large quantities; a dream come true
not until;
it is … before …
Presentation
trial; thin; note; application; mass
due to; carry out; reduce the risk of
in large quantities; a dream come true
not until;
it is … before …
Homework
Review the words and phrases we
have learned today.