Section 1.2 MEASUREMENT
Stanley Units – what are they?
Use your imagination, pretend the two
figures to the right are exactly 1 inch in
length. Much of construction is used
with accuracy to 1/16th of an inch, but
more precise measurements are to the
32nd or 64th.
0
1
0
1
When you REALLY want to be accurate
(as in manufacturing), the inch is divided
in powers of ten.
10ths, 100ths, 1000ths, and more.
Notice that many of the tick marks can
take on different names, all representing
the same value.
English Units of Measure
The following are some commonly used units of measure. You are expected to know
these.
Length
Volume
Weight
1 foot = 12 inches
1 gallon = 4 quarts
1 ton = 2000 pounds
1 yard = 3 feet
1 quart = 2 pints
1 pound = 16 ounces
1 mile = 5280 feet
1 pint = 2 cups
1 cup = 8 ounces
Examples for measuring:
 Give the value for each measure.
A
A = _______
B
B = _______
C
D
C = _______
D = _______
C = 12/16 in
D = 4 ¼ in
 Locate each measure.
A = 2 3/8 in
B = 3 13/16 in
Metric Units of Measure
The metric system is based on powers of ten. It is far more easily understood than our
English system. One reason we may disagree is because we “grew up” with the English
system. There was a time when there was a concentrated movement towards using
metric, but because it met with such resistance, that effort has gone away.
Kilo
1000
Hecto
100
It will help you a great deal if you can
get these prefixes down in terms of what
Deka or Deca
10
they mean. If you know them, you’ll be
Unit (meter, liter, gram)
able to apply their meaning to any unit of
Deci
0.1 (one tenth)
measure given.
Centi
0.01 (one hundredth)
Milli
0.001 (one thousandth)
Some common conversions you should know:
1 km = __________ m
1 m = __________ km
1 m = __________ cm
1 cm = __________ m
1 m = __________ mm
1 mm = __________ m
1 cm = __________ mm
1 mm = __________ cm
The following are some metric units of measure. Those in bold are most commonly used metric
measures.
kilo
length
capacity
mass
hect
deka
0
deci
10
10
10
10
10-3
1,000
kilometer
km
100
10
0.1
hectometer
dekameters
decimeters
hm
dam
1
meter
m
0.01
centimeters
cm
0.001
millimeter
mm
length of
football
field
3-story tall
building
floor to a
door knob
width of
palm
thickness
of a dime
hectoliter
hL
dekaliter
daL
liter
L
3 very full
bathtubs
15-minute
low flow
shower
½ of a 5gallon
bucket
1 liter
bottle of
Pepsi™
deciliter
dL
between
width of
little finger
nail
centiliter
cL
about 2
teaspoons
20 eye
dropper
drops
kilogram
kg
hectogram
hg
dekagram
dag
centigram
cg
milligram
mg
1 liter
bottle of
water
about 3.5
ounces
about 1/3
ounce
decigram
dg
caffeine in
a
paperclip a cup of
or
real coffee
aspirin
a small
raindrop
25 grains
of sugar
dm
1/3 & 1/2 of
a cup
-2
milli
10
gram
g
-1
centi
10
about 6
city
blocks
kiloliter
kL
1
UNIT
2
3
milliliter
mL
Once you know and understand some basic relationships in the Metric system, finding
others (converting from one unit of measure to another) can be easy; especially, if you
have a TRICK.
So let’s say you have some conversions to do, but you don’t have a table handy and you’re not
really sure about which one is which. Remember the following.
King Henry
King Henry Drinks Unsweetened Dark Chocolate Milk
_____|_______|_______|______|_______|_______|_______|_____
Kilo
hecto
deka unit
deci
centi
milli
meter
liter
gram
Examples:
1)
5m = ________cm
Move the decimal point the number of spaces and
direction needed to go from “m” to “cm.”
2)
0.08kg = ________g
Move the decimal point the number of spaces and
direction needed to go from “kg” to “g.”
3)
435ml = ________l
Move the decimal point the number of spaces and
direction needed to go from “ml” to “l.”
4)
180064cm = ___________km
5)
36.814kg = ___________mg
Examples for measuring:
A
B
C
D
 Give the value for each measure.
In mm
A = _______
B = _______
C = _______
D = _______
In cm
A = _______
B = _______
C = _______
D = _______
 Locate each measure.
A = 13 mm
B = 100 mm
C = 48 mm
D = 125 mm
E = 2.6 cm
F = 4 cm
G = 9.3 cm
H = 0.3 cm
Take the Shortcut
Decimals
Fractions
Here is a real cool gimmick for changing measurements in
decimals to measurements in fractions.
Change 14.3498 inches to:
4ths, 8ths, 16ths, 32nds, and 64ths
Step 1 – take off the whole number part and just concentrate
on the decimal portion.
Step 2 – multiply the decimal portion by the number you
want to convert to.
Examples: In each example below we are going to start with the number 14.3498.
The whole portion of this number (14) is not going to change, so we only need to
address the decimal portion.
Change to 4ths
Change to 8ths
Change to 16ths
0.3498  4  1.3992
0.3498  8  2.7984
0.3498  16  5.5968
round to the nearest
round to the nearest
round to the nearest
whole number
whole number
whole number

1
4

14-1/4in
Change to 32nds
3
8

6 3
=
16 8
14-3/8 in
Change to 64ths
0.3498  32  11.1936
0.3498  64  22.3872
round to the nearest
round to the nearest
whole number
whole number

11
32
14-11/32 in

22
64
14-22/64 in
14-3/8 in
Now is a good time to check out the appendix in your text. Mark this page with a post-it or
sticker as it will prove to be very helpful in working your problems.
Appendix:
Common Abbreviations & Symbols:
Metric:
mm = millimeter
cm = centimeter
m = meter
km = kilometer
mL = milliliter
dm = decimeter
L = liter
dL = deciliter
mg = milligram
cg = centigram
g = gram
kg = kilogram
“ = in = inch
‘ = ft = foot
yd = yard
mi = mile
gal = gallon
oz = ounce
lb = pound
Standard:
Common Conversions:
Length:
Area:
Volume:
Standard Length
Metric Length
Standard to Metric
1 ft = 12 in
1 yd = 3 ft
1 mi = 5280 ft
1 m = 100 cm
1 m = 10 dm
1 m = 1000 mm
1 km = 1000 m
1 in = 2.54 cm
1mi = 1.61 km
3.281 ft = 1 m
Standard Area
Metric Area
Standard to Metric
1 ft2 = 144 in2
1 yd2 = 9 ft2
1 acre = 43,560 ft2
1 mi2 = 640 acre
1 m2 = 10,000 cm2
1 cm2 = 100 mm2
1 in2 = 6.452 cm2
Standard Volume
Metric Volume
3
Weight:
3
3
Standard to Metric
3
1 in3 = 16.387 cm3
1 oz = 29.574 cm3
1 gal = 3.785 L
1 ft = 1728 in
1 yd3 = 27 ft3
1 yd3 = 46,656 in3
1 gal = 231 in3
1 ft3 = 7.48 gal
1 gal water = 8.345 lb
1 m = 1,000,000 cm
1 cm3 = 1000 mm3
1 L = 1000 cm3
1 L = 1000 mL
1 L = 10 dL
1 mL = 1 cm3
Standard Weight
Metric Weight
Standard to Metric
1 ton = 2000 lbs
1 lb = 16 oz
1 g = 1000 mg
1 kg = 1000 g
1 ton = 907.2 kg
1 oz = 28.35 g
1 lb = 453.6 g
Example 1:
Calculate the space between each fence slat if
the spaces are all equal. Give your answer to
the nearest 8th of an inch.
Example 2:
Calculate dimensions X & Y so
that all 8 gaps between the
circles are the same size. Give
your answer to the nearest 16th
of an inch.
Homework: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 (16 problems). Work needs to be
labeled, neat, and organized.
15.
Section 1.2
1. A = 1
2. A = 1
1"
,
4
3"
,
32
B=2
B=2
P2
P4
P6
P9
H3
H6
H8
H9
5"
11"
7"
15"
,C=3
,D=4 ,E=5
8
16
8
16
15"
19"
23"
29"
, C = 3 32 , D = 4 32 , E = 5 32
32
3. A = 1.8 cm, B = 4.1 cm, C = 7.6 cm, D = 11.9 cm
4. A = 25 mm, B = 52 mm, C = 76 mm, D = 108 mm,
E = 139 mm
5. A = 35, B = 25, C = 32, D = 13, E = 36, F = 16, G =
20, H = 53, I = 19, J = 19, K = 20, L = 26, M = 51,
N = 21, P = 19, Q = 33, R = 26, S = 12 *Note:
copy machines will have an effect on the
measurements (all in millimeters).
P1
5"
1"
15"
5"
5"
,B=1 ,C=1
,D= ,E=1 ,
8
8
32
8
8
23"
29"
7"
7"
7"
29"
F = 32 , G = 32 , H = 2 16, I = 8 , J = 8 , K = 32 ,
5"
5"
15"
7"
15"
L = 1 32, M = 2 16, N = 16 , P = 8 , Q = 1 32 ,
5"
9"
R = 1 32, S = 16 *Note: copy machines will have
P3
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
1"
8
24
P7
1
H1
H2
1"
a) .025” ≈ 32
1"
b) .041” ≈ 32
1"
c) .065” ≈ 16
H4
1" 5" 7" 1"
Loose pilot holes: 8 , 32, 32, 4
3" 1" 3" 7"
Tight pilot holes: 32, 8 , 16, 32
11"
Width = Height = 1 16
9"
7 16
1"
15 Rises, Rise height = 7 16
Rise height
1"
20
6 16
19
6
18
6
17
7
16
7
3"
8
3"
4
1"
8
9"
16
H5
H7
Y - Coordinate
3
−
4
3
28
1
P5
P10
3"
8
14. Number of rises
X-Coordinate
1
−
4
1
-12
P8
an effect on the measurements.
8. 26 boards, spacing =
Y - Coordinate
1.875
3.750
0.000
3.000
2.500
2.750
2.250
0.750
16.
6. A = 1
7.
X-Coordinate
0.000
1.250
3.750
1.375
0.625
2.500
1.875
3.000
3
1
2
1
12
−
1
4
1
24
1
1
8
1
4
1
0
7
−
8
7
−
8
3
8
1
0
1
18
3
28
1
16
2
7
116
1"
17. 4 2
5"
18. 4 8
19.
Working
Depth
Clearance
Tooth
Thickness
.253 in
.020 in
.199 in
1.687 cm
.133 cm
1.325 cm
.358 in
.028 in
.281 in
.300 in
.024 in
.236 in