Bullying, is it Possible to
Change Children’s View About
it?
Ansia Jalani
Ed. 702.22
Fall 2009
Table of Contents
Research Design
 Threats to Internal Validity
 Threats to External Validity
 Proposed Data
 Proposed Data Analysis
 References

Research Design

One Group Pretest-Posttest Design
◦ One single group is pre tested (O),
exposed to treatment (X) and post
tested again (O).
◦ Symbolic design - OXO
Possible Threats to Internal Validity





History
◦ Students yelling and walking in the hallways.
Testing/Pre-testing Sensitization
◦ Based on the first survey students will feel that they know what to
say on the second survey.
Instrumentation
◦
Students can lie on the surveys if they do not want to write down the
truth.
Morality
◦ Some students may stop coming to the school.
Differential Selection of Subjects
◦
Every student has their own personality and their own mind. They all
differ from their classmates.
Possible Threats to External Validity

Ecological
◦

Genereliazble Conditions
◦

Student will feel like they have to write down positive answers.
Selection treatment Interaction
◦

Depending upon number of students and age and location of students the
results will be different.
Pretest-Treatment
◦

Depending on the environment a student if from they might have different
views from other students.
Students who perform the skit will be students.
Multiple Treatment
◦
Students will receive a group talk and watch a skit.
Pre-Survey and Post Survey



One question chosen from Pre-survey
and Post survey.
Pre-survey question # 3
Do you bully a younger brother or
sister?
Post-survey question # 3
Do you continue to bully a younger
brother or sister?
Proposed Data (Pre-survey and Post-survey)
Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4 Student 5 Student 6 Student 7 Student 8 Student 9 Student 10 -
X
4
3
2
2
4
2
3
2
3
3
Y
4
1
4
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
Correlation
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Linear graph represents pre and post survey data.
There are three points that overlap one another.
Those three children had the same answers in the
pre and post survey. The points are; 3,1;2,4 and 2,2.
4
4.5
Proposed Data (Bar Graph)
X
Student 1 - 4
Student 2 - 3
Student 3 - 2
Student 4 - 2
Student 5 - 4
Student 6 - 2
Student 7 - 3
Student 8 - 2
Student 9 - 3
Student 10 - 3
Y
4
1
4
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Orange represents (X) made up data for post
survey. Purple represents (Y) actual pre-survey
question results.
9
10
11
Proposed Data (Average Analysis)
3
X
Y
2.1
1.8
1.9
1.6
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.1
2.1
2.4
2.5
1.8
2.2
1.5
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.7
2.1
1.5
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Orange represents X, purple represents Y. This bar graph
shows the average of each of the answers for the two
surveys.
12
Proposed Data Analysis
Correlation = -0.18783.
 There was no correlation.

References

O’Oconnor-Petruso, S.,(2008). Statistics,
Scales, Analyses, Threats, and Design.
Presented at a EDU 703.22 lecture at Brooklyn
College.