B. pertussis by
J. L. Carson, 2003.
Fig “Water lily [Nymphaeaceae] blooming in Saint Petersburg’s Botanical Gardens, September 2005,” by
A. L. Olsen. Retrieved 2011 from the NBII (National Biological Information Infrastructure) Digital Image
Library website, maintained by the Center for Biological Informatics of the U.S. Geological Survey,
http://life.nbii.gov/dml/mediadetail.do?id=2995
“Water lily,” by C. A. VanDyke. Retrieved from the USGS Multimedia Gallery website,
http://gallery.usgs.gov/photos/07_01_2011_o6Jv40Yll2_07_ 01_2011_2
:
Here is an example of an image cited in an online presentation. This image is linked directly to the original
image and has a link to the cartoon’s publisher’s search engine which could retrieve the cartoon even if the
url of the original image should change.
.
Life in Research Daily Cartoon #76. © 2008 Life in Research, LLC. Used with permission.
.
Citing images & diagrams
You need to cite images, diagrams and artistic works as you would cite any other type of work.
The citation format should follow the bibliographic style that you are using for your text, i.e. APA,
Harvard, Chicago, MLA systems. A number of referencing systems are used throughout the University and
the examples, given here in APA format, are guides only: be sure to look up the correct style used in your
area and refer back to your favourite style handbook if in doubt.
Don't forget that you can set preferences in your referencing software (EndNote, Refworks etc.), in Word,
in Google Scholar, and on publisher websites to export citations in the various styles.
You should give as much information as possible about the images that you have used, including these
basics:
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creator's name (author, artist, photographer etc.)
date the work was published or created
title of the work
place of publication
publisher
type of material (for photographs, charts, online images)
website address and access date
name of the institution or museum where the work is located (for artworks
and museum exhibits)
dimensions of the work (for artworks)
The following are examples of the main types of sources you are likely to use:
1. Citing images you created for a unit of study
If you created most of the images as part of course work material, the University will own the intellectual
property in the works under the Copyright Act and its IP Rule. However, you can still identify yourself as
the creator of the work.
Include the following blanket statement at the beginning of your lecture or presentation. This will avoid the
need for separate citations for each of your works and you will only need to include citations for any third
party images or diagrams you add to the lecture.
"Unless otherwise indicated, [insert description of material, e.g. images] included in
this lecture were created by [insert your name] © University of Sydney 2009"
2. Citing images from your published works
If the images and diagrams you use in a lecture have come from your own publications, you may no longer
own the copyright, although you will usually be able to use the images for teaching purposes. Check with
your publisher, the journal website, or via the Sherpa/Romeo website or OAKlist database.
Include the following blanket statement at the beginning of your lecture or presentation. This will avoid the
need to cite each of your works and you will only need to include citations for any third party images or
diagrams you add to the lecture.
"Unless otherwise indicated, [insert description of material, e.g. images] included in
this lecture have been drawn from [insert citation of work]"
Example 1
Unless otherwise indicated, all photographs included in this lecture have been
drawn from Short, A. (2007). Beaches of the New South Wales Coast. (2nd ed.).
Sydney: Sydney University Press.
3. Images from published books or journal articles
If you use images or diagrams from books or journal articles, you should include the following information:
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title of work
figure or plate number
author of the book or journal article
date
title of the book or journal article
journal title (if applicable)
publication details including volume & part in the case of journals
page on which the work appears
the date of access if the item was retrieved from the internet or an electronic
database
website address (if applicable)
You can either,
include the full citation with each image in your text or PowerPoint screen as shown in example 2,
Example 2
Figure. 1. LED placement and definition of joint angles.
From:
Furuya, S. & Kinoshita, H. (2008) Expertise-dependent modulation of muscular and non-muscular torques
in multi-joint arm movements during piano keystroke. Neuroscience 156 (2), 392.
Retrieved 5 November, 2008, from Science Direct.
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.028
or,
add a brief reference to each image and include the full reference in the list added at the beginning or end of
your lecture notes, as shown in examples 3 and 4a & 4b.
Example 3
Figure. 1. LED placement and definition of joint angles.
From:
Furuya, S. & Kinoshita, H. (2008) Expertise-dependent modulation of muscular and non-muscular torques
in multi-joint arm movements during piano keystroke.
Then in your list of references, provide the full reference:
Furuya, S. & Kinoshita, H. (2008) Expertise-dependent modulation of muscular and non-muscular torques
in multi-joint arm movements during piano keystroke. Neuroscience 156 (2), 392.
Retrieved 5 November, 2008, from Science Direct.
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.028
Example 4a
Example 4b
Sources used in today's lecture
Keyes, R.S. (1989). The male journey in Japanese prints. California: University of California Press.
Short, A. (2007). Beaches of the New South Wales Coast. (2nd ed.). Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Smith, B. (1964). Japan: a history in art. New York: Doubleday.
4. Images from websites
Websites and databases vary in the amount of bibliographic information they contain.
Include as many as possible of the same pieces of information, in the same order, as you would for a
reference to a fixed-media source, (see above lists) and then add sufficient electronic retrieval information
to enable others to locate the sources you cite.
Example 5
Schmalz, J. (2006), Pacific Typhoons [Photograph]. Retrieved 22 October, 2008, from NASA, Visible
Earth http://www.visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=20946
If you were granted permission by the creator to reproduce the image, then include a statement indicating
so. See example 6.
Example 6
Japester68 (2008), Copyright by David Brown [Photograph]. Retrieved 15 January, 2009, from Flickr
http://www.flickr.com/photos/23682063@N08/3052168711/in/set-72157609787280783/
Reproduced with permission from the creator.
For an image without copyright restrictions, use the word ‘courtesy’ in the credit. See example 7.
Example 7
Hollandia Nova Terre Australe [New Holland South Land], 1663.
engraving
F910.8/T
Map courtesy of State Library of New South Wales.
Retrieved 15 January, 2009, from State Library of New South Wales
http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/events/exhibitions/2006/firstsight/images/s11.html