ADS-B Information Display
April 26, 2007
Outline
 Background
 Information Display in ATC Systems
 Information Display in the Cockpit

Civil Aviation

Military Aviation
 ADS-B/STARS/TIS/FIS Demonstration
1
Background
 For decades, Air Traffic Control has been based on the capabilities
(and limitations) of radar

primary (search)

secondary (beacon)
 ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) improves
situational awareness

Among equipped aircraft and ground-based ATC systems

Faster position update rate

Better accuracy (GPS further improved via WAAS), which may reduce
separation, enabling increased capacity

Additional data from the aircraft
 NextGen, FAA’s roadmap to the future,

Had planned for ADS-B to eventually completely replace radar, relying
entirely on the military for radar surveillance

But recently, the Air Traffic Management Advisory Committee
Recommended that some FAA/DoD secondary surveillance be retained as
backup
2
Introduction
 Today’s ATC systems

Employ trackers capable of fusing reports from multiple radars as
well as from faster-update Multilateration and ADS-B sensors

But the Computer-Human (controller) Interface, developed via
years of user collaboration, has remained decidedly radar-centric
 As ATC evolves, increasing responsibility for maintaining
separation is expected to shift to the cockpit

Situational awareness is more localized to the vicinity and route

But just one among many of the pilot’s tasks
 This briefing focuses on techniques to display new ADS-B
information

To controllers

To pilots
3
Information Display in ATC Systems
 Radar-centric attributes of the Computer-Human (controller) Interface in
the Terminal environment



NAS Terminal ATC system requirements

Display position (location on the screen) from just one sensor

Even when a multiple sensor view has been selected
The resulting ~5 second update rate “rhythm” has become familiar to
Terminal controllers

Judge speed by distance between target ensemble locations or trail dots

Faster updates are only currently allowed in specialized applications like PRM
(Precision Runway Monitoring)
Information appearing in the Data Block

Controlled, encoded, minimized, and standardized to optimize controller workload

Display of additional information available via ADS-B needs to be carefully
introduced, beginning with early user involvement
 STARS has three display views in the field, while a fourth “Fused Track”
view has been prototyped
4
Information Display in ATC Systems
Where* Radar
reports are
displayed
Where* Fast
Update** reports
are displayed
Single
Sensor
Slant Range
As measured by
sensor
Single
Sensor
Ground
Range
Sensor
Selection
Operational Use
Today
Calculated from
sensor
measurement and
Mode C altitude
Manual
Terminal Only (FAA
TRACONs and DoD
RAPCONs)
Calculated from
sensor
measurement
and Mode C
altitude
As measured by
sensor
Manual
FAA for Parallel
Approach Monitoring
e.g. FMA and PRM
Multiple
Sensor
Ground
Range
Calculated from
sensor
measurement
and Mode C
altitude
As measured by
sensor
Adapted by
Geographic
area; promotion
mechanism
handles gaps or
outages
DoD RAPCONs
Fused Track
Ground
Range
Tracker inputs are processed as
required by each sensor.
Displayed locations are determined by
the tracker output.
Not Necessary
NAS Enroute,
European, Asian,
Australian , etc. ATC
View
* Location of the target ensemble (symbol, leader line, data block) on the situation display relative to map background
** Fast Update sensors currently include Multilateration and ADS-B, which report in geodetic coordinates, and eScan PRM.
5
Fused Track View
Report Update Rates and History Trails

With radar and Fast Update sensors, there will be at least three different
target basic measurement rates (~1, ~5, and ~12 seconds).


A major CHI issue is how often to move the target ensemble and leave history trail dots.
In current single or multiple sensor views, the single sensor actually used to update the display
determines how the display is updated
 In Fusion View, alternative schemes were prototyped for AT consideration





IMMEDIATE - All updates from any sensor displayed immediately
WAVE - A 5-second timed wave display update (Used in German P1 system)
Fast Update SENSOR TIMED - A display update synchronized with ADSB or MLAT reports (~1
second)
ASR SENSOR TIMED - A display update synchronized with ASR radar reports (~5 seconds)
A “Smart” PTL (Predicted Track Line) for the ASR-timed (or current) display
UPS440
060 170
AAL775
020 150 T
R
Extended trail histories
for a surveillance &
ADS-B track
R
R
TWA550
040 200
History trails for
a surveillance
track
Display of three track update rates
6
Fused
Positions
Immediate Update Mode
Reported
Positions
The insert shows a
portion of AA1541’s
track with its fused
position displayed.
AA1541 is an track updated by
both radar and a Fast Update
sensor. NWA402 is a radar only
target.
This image shows 20 fused track
and reported position updates.
Click to play
movie
NCS System Engineering Center
STARS ESC3 Fusion Demo
For Official Use Only
7
8
7
6
5
4
Wave Update Mode
3
2
Tracks are displayed in “ripples”
that traverse from the bottom
left to top right of the TCW/TDW.
This image all shows all tracks
displaying a PTL.
Click to play
movie
1
NCS System Engineering Center
STARS ESC3 Fusion Demo
For Official Use Only
8
Fast Update Sensor Timed
Update Mode
The track’s position moves
at the update rate of an
adapted Fast Updatesensor.
Track updates are displayed based
on an Fast Update sensor’s 1.0
second rate.
Image shows a radar and Fast
Update sensor fused track,
displayed at an Fast Update
sensor-like update rate.
Click to play
movie
NCS System Engineering Center
STARS ESC3 Fusion Demo
For Official Use Only
9
ASR Sensor Timed Update
Mode
The track’s position moves
at the update rate of an
adapted sensor.
Tracks are displayed based on
an ASR-9 radar’s 4.7 second
scan rate.
Image shows n radar and Fast
Update sensor fused track
displayed at a radar-like update
rate.
Click to play
movie
NCS System Engineering Center
STARS ESC3 Fusion Demo
For Official Use Only
10
Smart PTL
 Provides familiar 5 second target ensemble update,
except for length and direction of a “smart” PTL
(SPTL)

Uses intervening 1-second tracker updates to change
length and direction of SPTL

Faster indication of unplanned speed or direction
changes (No ~ 4 second delay)
 Timely confirmation of aircraft turning maneuvers
 Smaller swing in PTL direction when viewing turns

Applicable even without Fast Update sensors

Radars other than that selected would
intervening PTL length and direction updates
provide

Target Symbol is also rotated to indicate changes in
direction at each track update
 Can also be applied to existing single sensor displays
E
N39
128 18
Smart PTL shows
aircraft maneuvers
quickly , while
moving the target
ensemble at rates
familiar to
controllers
 Alternatives beyond a straight PTL

leading dots or line segments represent predictions
 Intent information
 4d Trajectory compliance
11
Smart PTL Animation
0.5 nm
Future
positions
every 5 sec.
Aircraft without Smart PTL
UAL1151
073 18 35R
3deg/sec@180 Kt
F
5 sec
R=0.956 nm
NORMAL PTL
Aircraft with Smart PTL
SMART PTL
20 sec. Stinger
(Max possible in FMA)
UAL1151
073 18 35R
Click for animation
or play movie
F
1
NCS System Engineering Center
STARS ESC3 Fusion Demo
12
ADS-B Information Display in the Civil Aviation Cockpit
 Airborne Separation Assurance will
be supported by key technologies:
“ADS-B out” equipped aircraft
broadcast information via 1090ES to
other aircraft, ATC, Airlines, etc.
 “ADS-B in” equipped aircraft
receive data directly on 1090 MHz





Merging and Spacing
Surface Situational Awareness
RTCA SC186 establishing standards
TIS-B provided by ground stations
broadcasting data about non-ADS-B
equipped aircraft

Aid to visual acquisition only
 Typical Avionics display showing
four other flights.

EIR228 is at the same altitude and
the closest point of approach is
predicted at 26 NMi in 5 minutes.
 Use of Color is logical, but very
different from ATC
Generic Prototype Cockpit Display QinetiQ 2002
Color
Light Blue
Application
Orange
Navaids
Green
Violet
Other Aircraft
Own Aircraft
Altitude Related
13
Typical Civil Aviation ADS-B/TIS Avionics
Bendix/King
Garmin
Collins TDR-94 Transponder
KMD-550 Multifunction Display
GNS 430 Nav/Com Unit
KT-73 Transponder
 1090 ES ADS-B Out
 Mode-S Elementary
Surveillance
GTX 330 Transponder
 Mode-S Elementary
Surveillance
 Available with diversity
antenna (GTX 330D) for
enhanced visibility by
TCAS
 Designed for light aircraft
 Multipurpose box architecture
 Support Free FAA Traffic Information Services (TIS) NOT TIS-B




Location, direction, altitude, and climb/descent
SSR only, but plan to include primary radar
Via 1030 MHz uplink from ~120 Mode-S radars in CONUS
Aid to visual acquisition only
 1090 ES ADS-B Out
 Mode-S Enhanced
Surveillance
 Available with diversity
antenna
 Optional ADS-B in, using a
separate 1090 TCAS receiver
Rt-951
 Designed for General
Aviation/Business
 Multiple box
architecture
We believe that most General Aviation suppliers are working on providing ADS-B In capability in future upgrades,
but awaiting application standards from RTCA SC186
14
Integration of Flight Information
Services (FIS-B)
 In addition to ADS-B and TIS-B, future GA
cockpits will need Flight Information
Services (FIS-B)

Weather (e.g. Graphical and Textual, reports
and forecasts)
 Advisory Aeronautical Information (e.g. SUA
info, NOTAMS, E-PIREPS)
 One source of most FIS-B information is
XM Satellite radio

Covers CONUS and Alaska
 Low-cost subscription
 Already in use by tens of thousands of
pilots and mariners
 Embraced by avionics manufacturers and
integrators providing traffic and weather on
the same display, for example:




Garmin GMX 200 Panel Mount
Multifunction Display showing
NEXRAD Weather via XM Radio
Garmin
Advanced Data Research Electronic Flight Bag
Avidyne
Garmin GPSMAP 496 Hand Held GPS
Rockwell-Collins
Receiver showing NEXRAD Weather
via XM Radio
15
Typical Military Multifunction Displays
 Raytheon Multi-Function Color
Display (4 x 6 inch LCD)
 Effective navigation of multiple
sensor, weapon, and situational
displays
 Applications include A-10
 Day and Night Vision compatible
 Open HW and SW
 Multiple serial and ethernet
interfaces
 Hands-on throttle and stick
interface (see next chart)
 Raytheon Common Cockpit
Processor (4 x 6 inch LCD)
 Seamless FFF CNDU replacement
 Applications include A/UH-1, C-2,
C-130, E-2, EA-6, H-3, H-46, H-53, H60, KC-135, and P-3
 Day and Night Vision compatible
 Open HW and SW
 Multiple serial, ethernet, and
analog interfaces
16
Multi-Function Color Display in A-6 Cockpit
17
ADS-B Information Display in the Military Aviation Cockpit
 Military Environment
1st World Airspace – Mandated ATC Capability
 3rd World Airspace – Limited ATC Requirements
– Bring your own…
 Threat Environment – Need Situation Awareness
of Friends in heavy Friend Environment –
Separate from Foes
 Core Condition – Any new info display must be
compatible with platform, training, and mission

Civil Aviation ADS-B with TIS-B
ADS-B Class A
ADS-B Class B
ATCRBS
Reply
ADS-B Info
to Display
TIS-B
Data
BSGS
Weather Data
ATC
Interrogator
 Military Challenge

Upgrade 1090 MHz IFF System to Comply with
Civil Mode S and ADS-B Emerging Mandates
 Incorporate Class B (ADS-B Out only) in all
Future Transponders
 Incorporate Class A (ADS-B Out and In) in Key
Platforms to Insure Safe Operations through
Situation Awareness
 Seek Opportunities to Fully Benefit from ADS-B
18
ADS-B/STARS/TIS/FIS Demonstration – Booth 4 &5
Ground-Based Situation Displays
1090 ES
FIS-B
Translight
XM Satellite
Repeater
STARS LITE
ADS-B
Ground
Station
ATC
Display
Marlboro, Ma.
Orlando, Fl.
ERAU Display
QinetiQ Display
ADS-B
Receiver
Client
Display
Client
Display
ADS-B
Server
Internet Connection
Quadrant
CAT21
ADS-B
Avionics
CAT33 TIS-B
CAT62 SDPS
CAT21
ADS-B
CAT21
ADS-B
Hub / Router
ATCoach
Simuator
Uplink and
Air-Air
Simulation
Fusion
Tracker
RS232/422
TIS-B +
ADS-B
Data
GPS
Sim.
GMX200
Multifunction
Display
GDL 69
XM Satellite
Radio
CAT33 TIS-B
CAT62 SDPS
Ground
Processing
Simulation
19