Personality Structure of The Main Character in
“The Sheriff’s Pregnant Wife” Novel.
ELSHE VIGGI YUHANA
English Education of STKIP PGRI JOMBANG
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The Sheriff's Pregnant Wife novel is a novel written by Patricia Thayer in
2007 told about problems faced by Paige as the main character. The purpose of
this research is to analyze the personality structure of the main character in the
Sheriff’s Pregnant Wife novel. The approach of this research is psychological
approach by Ludwig Klages. In this research, the researcher do some steps for
collecting the data. Firstly, the researcher reading and understanding the data by
using heuristic and hermeneutic reading. Secondly, the researcher starts to
indentify the data by using criteria of the conflict that concerned in personality
structure. Then, the researcher collecting the data based on criteria of the conflict
that concerned in personality structure.
The finding of the research showed that the main character has strong
personality structure. This is proven by the quick reaction when the main
character finds a problem in her life. Klages theory can show that psychology and
literature have a relationship that is study about the soul of human. Finally,
researcher suggests that this research can give inspiration and knowledge to the
reader.
Keywords: Paige, Personality Structure, Psychoanalysis
ABSTRAK
Novel The Sheriff's Pregnant Wife adalah novel yang ditulis oleh Patricia
Thayer pada tahun 2007 yang menceritakan tentang masalah-masalah yang
dihadapi Paige sebagai tokoh utama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisa
struktur kepribadian tokoh utama dalam novel The Sheriff's Pregnant Wife.
pendekatan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan psikologi oleh Ludwig Klages.
Pada peneitian ini, peneliti melakukan beberapa langkah-langkah untuk
mengumumpulkan data. Pertama, peneliti membaca dan memahami data
menggunakan cara membaca heuristic dab hermeneotik. Kedua, peneliti mulai
untuk mengidentifikasi data menggunakan criteria dari permasalahan yang
berhubungan dengan struktur kepribadian. Lalu, peneliti mengumpulkan data
berdasarkan kriteria dari permasalahan yang berhubungan dengan struktur
kepribadian.
Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh utama memiliki struktur
kepribadian yang kuat. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan cepatnya reaksi ketika tokoh
utama menemui suatu masalah dalam kehidupannya. Teori Klages dapat
menunjukkan bahwa psikologi dan sastra memiliki hubungan yaitu belajar tentang
jiwa seseorang. Akhirnya, peneliti berharap bahwa penelitian ini dapat memberi
inspirasi dan pegetahuan untuk pembaca.
Kata kunci: Paige, Struktur Kepribadian, Metode Analisa Psikologi
INTRODUCTION
Novel is one of literary works which is related to human living. The
writers of the novel need imagination when produce a beautiful story and it is
make a character in the story more life. According to Hegel in Blackwell (2013:4)
he states that imagination is very need for beautiful production, no matter to what
form of art it belongs. From those explanation, imaginative is very importance
when the author making a literary work. In addition, the problem that faced by the
charcter in the story also helped the formation of the characters’ personality. In
this case we will realize that if we want to understand and analyze a literary work,
a writer also needs helping of psychological theory of literature. The novel as one
of the literary works has the ability to give experience and also inspiration from
the problem that faced by the characters in the story. So everyone is wiser in
taking a decision. From the problem that faced by the characters in The Sheriff's
Pregnant Wife novel we can analyze the personality structure the main character
using psychoanalysis theory by Ludwig Klages. The novel tells the story of a
woman who is confused and afraid of saying that she is pregnant by a man who
did not want to take responsibility. She harbored the news because she does not
want to ruin the sister’s wedding. On the other hand, as a good lawyer she also
helped to solve the mystery of her friend' father's death although she also confuse
with her problems.
From the reason above, the researcher tooks the previous study to do the
research. The first previous study was conducted by Rahmawati (2013). In her
research she wants to analyze the psychology conflict of the main character in the
“City Of Ember” movie by using psychoanalysis criticism. In her research she
would like to know how the id, ego and super ego Lina Mayfleed as the main
character in that film by using Simund Freud’s theory. The result of the research
showed that her ego such as happy being a messenger, and proudly use the
uniform. In superego, Lina Mayfleed found some experiences such as worried
about Granny’s condition and refuse what Lizzie gave to her. Although, both of
the research wants to know about the psychology of the main character but, in this
research the researcher wants to know the personality structure of the main
character by using Ludwig Klages’ theory.
The second previous study was conducted by Iswantoro (2013). The
research wants to discuss about Struktur Kepribadian Tokoh Utama Dalam Novel
Nareswari Karerina Karya S. Maeroba (Tinjauan Psikologi Sastra). This research
uses Klages’ theory. The researcher has two research problems. The first is to
know the characters and characterizations of the main character in the novel.
Second is to know personality structure of the main character in that novel. The
results of the first research question indicate that there are two main characters
namely Karerina and Gus Marsukin. Karerina has patient and sincere
characterization while Gus Marsukun has strong heart. The result of the second
research question shows that both the main character has sanguine temperament,
strong feeling and expression. In this study, have a connection with the research
that the researcher will be conduct because the researcher used the same theory
which the researchers will discuss.
Based on the previous study above, the researcher has some references
doing the research. Thus, the researcher formulates a research problem; How the
personality structure of the main character in The Sheriff’s Pregnant Wife novel?.
Based on the statement of the problem the researcher wants to know the title
personality structure of the main character in The Sheriff’s Pregnant Wife novel.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Literature is the creation of human thinking, it can be happiness, sadness,
likeness and so on. One of the literary works is novel. When the author producing
a novel, they are produce some fiction elements they are intrinsic and extrinsic
elements. Extrinsic element is the aspect that builds the literary work outside from
the literary text such as religious, culture, social etc. On the other hand, Intrinsic
element is the aspect that build in the literary work from the text itself such as
theme, plot, characterization, setting, massage, and point of view. In this occasion,
the researcher focuses to analyze character and characterization in The Sheriff’s
Pregnant Wife novel. According to Kennedy (2007:74), a character is presemably
an imaginad person who inhabits a story. Based on those definition, character is
the individual creation by the author that has many experience and also conflict in
in the story. The conflict faced by the main character it can be external and
internal conflict. External conflict is the conflict that happened between our self
with outside of our life. Whereas, internal conflict is the conflict that happens in
our self. Internal conflict has relation with the personality of the character in the
story. To find the personality structure of the character, the researcher uses
Klages’ theory.
Klages in Suryabrata (2011) divides there are three personality aspects, they
are material of personality, personality structure and personal quality
(encouragements system). The researcher focuses to analyze personality structure,
Personality structure is divided into three kinds, and they are temperament or the
tempo or emotional excitability, feeling or the predominant prevailing mood and
power expression.
a. Material of personality is one of the personality aspects that the content is
about capability and talent. This material is the first modal that able to use
and developed by human. Klages in Suryabrata (2011:97) makes the
differences between memory and remembering. Memory is the vital real, the
power to remember the impressions and comparing the old and new
impression.
b. Personality structure is formal characteristic or behavior that showed by the
person (Klages in Suryabrata, 2011:106) Based on that definition we know
that structure is the shape, formal characteristics or attitude of the person.
There are three personality structure by Klages:
1. Temperament is characteristic of genetics’ person that influenced by the
experience of each individual (Evans,2000:122). Temperament is the
duration of the emotional wave, the strength of the reactivity and able to
influence the feeling and thinking of the person. According to Klages in
Jaspers (1963:436) temperament divides into two, they are sanguine and
phlegmatic. The people are called sanguine, when their temperament
more than expressive with the high reaction power, strong desirability,
active, always pull to the obstacle and never give up when they want to
get their aim. Phlegmatic temperament is the opposite of sanguine
temperament, their tempo need more times, depressive and the power
reaction is heavy. The desire in making alteration and changing the
reactive atmosphere is very little, often showing careful characteristic
and also needs morality judgment.
2. Feeling is interpretation of human thinking rules ( Schwarz and Clore in
Pham, 2004:360). It is mean that feeling based on the thinking of the
person. In each feeling there is feeling sensitivity. When the people’s
feeling is easy to aroused and the place of the feeling is not depth, it is
means that the people has strong feeling sensitivity. But, when the peolpe
feeling is difficult to aroused and the place of the feeling is depth, it is
show that the people has low feeling sensitivity. Together with feeling
sensitivity there is wish. If the people has strong ability to get the aim and
the the obstacle is little or there is no obstacle when they are want to get
the aim, it is means that the people has strong wish. But, if the people has
low ability and find big obstacle to get the aim it is means that the people
has low wish.
3. Power expression is encouragement that make person show an expression
(Klages in Suryabrata, 2011:114-115). On the other side, the personality
revealed in the expression (Klages in Innis, 1981:159). It is mean the
expression is one of the importance element of personality. When the
people have strong insentive and low obstacle (little or there is no
obstacle) it is means that the people easy to show the expression, It is
called strong expression. But, if the people have low insentive and find
big obstecle to show an expression it is called low expression.
c. Personal quality can be seen from the desires. There are two personalities,
they are: the personality is powered by geist and seele. It is supported by three
definition they are: selfing control (“ME” more stabile dominate “ME”),
spiritual desire (the geist derected to the self surrender) and carnal desire
(“ME” go to surrender).
RESEARCH METHOD
This research uses structural approach to analyze character and
characterization of the main character. To find the personality structure of the
main character, the researcher uses psychological approach also. According to
Wilfred (2005:152-153), psychological approach can be fascinating to interpretive
and rewarding. It means that statement psychological approach is the basic
framework of thinking, the way to analyze and interpret of literary work that do
by the researcher. based on the statements, the researcher uses psychological
approach since the researcher wants to investigate personality structure of the
main character in The Sheriff’s Pregnant Wife novel.
The instrument of this research is the researcher herself. According to
Heigham (2009:11) in qualitative research, the researcher is the primary research
instrument. It means that the researcher herself as instrument in this research. The
researcher has some steps for collecting the data about personality structure by
Klages’ theory. Here, the researcher reading repeatedly. After that the researcher
analyzes the data and makes the result of the personality structure of Paige then
making conclusion. The researcher also used documentation as secondary
instrument. The researcher took the data from dialog and characterization then
matched with the theory used. Then, the researcher took the data on document.
Procedure of collecting the data are 1) reading and understanding the novel
clearly by using heuristic (Heuristic is reading based on comprehension meaning
of the language (Suroso and Santosa, Puji, 2009:70)) and hermeneutic according
to Ricoeur in Djojosuroto (2007:243) states hermeneutic is understands the
meaning of literature in the back of structure). 2) Identifying the data by using
criteria of the conflict (temperament, feeling and power expression) that
concerned in personality structure; 3) Collecting the data based on criteria of the
conflict that concerned in personality structure (the researcher collage the data by
giving some marks in the novel that concern in personality structure of the main
character in The Sheriff’s Pregnant Wife novel.
Procedures of Analyzing Data are:1) organizing the data (the researcher
starts the process to shorting and arranging the data which related to the study); 2)
coding the data ( the researcher classify the data as the result of the data analysis
related to the personality structure of the main character’s temperament, feeling
and power expression); 3) interpreting the data ( interpreted the data of personality
structure with the researcher perspective and opinion); 4) making conclusion
based on data analyzing ( the researcher concludes all of the result of the analysis
about Paige’s personality in one unity).
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Problem is something that given by the writers of the novel that make the
character more life. Each character has differences method to avoid their entire
problem. Paige, as the main character in that novel has found many problem in her
life. As a strong woman, she tries to make a good decision when she wants to
avoid her problem. Actually, when Paige showed her decision, she shows her
personality structure also.
In this part the researcher will analyzes about personality structure by Paige
as the main character in The Sheriff’s Pregnant Wife novel. The personality
structure of Paige includes three aspects they are her temperament, feeling and
power expression.
a. Paige temperament or the tempo of emotional excitability
Temperament is something that related to the experience of a person. We can
know temperament or the tempo of emotional excitability of the character when
they pointed out. In this case, Paige reveals some dialogue that able to show her
temperament. One example that is never give up to goals. This happens when
Paige would return to Destiny and she remembering her childhood alongside
Reed. Paige still has not been able to completely forget his love on Reed. So, she
is confused want to back or not on that town. From that problem, Paige tries
forget the growing sense of love in his heart. She tried to make a good decision for
his future. She was only thinking of one great purpose that is the happiness of his
child that growing in her womb. She tried to bury her feelings towards Reed even
though it was very hard for her. In addition, she tried to move on from her slump
when she life in Denver.
On the other side, Paige showed that she is a woman who has a strong desire.
This is shown when she felt that she had made a mistake on a Reed. Her mistake
makes Reed disappointed and didn't want to talk to her. Paige approached and
tries to tell about the problem to him. Based on that problem, Paige showed that
she has a strong desire to apologize and help at Reed. This is shown when she
came and tried to explain the problems occurred. She is doing that action because
it is the best thing to do on that time although she knew that Reed will upset
against her actions. Paige does not want Reed avoid his problem alone. When
Paige looked at him, it is showed that Paige straightforward want to help him. She
tries to makes Reed believe to her although it is very difficult.
The other characteristic that showed Paige temperament is wide dynamical
thinking. One of the event that showed by Paige happened when she told to Reed
about Bill, reed’s father’s friend. Suddenly, Reed makes a decision which is not
approved by Paige. Based on that problem, show that Paige has wide dynamical
thinking. She does not agree when Reed decision that Bill has killed his father.
She felt Bill knew something about Reed’s father died. Whereas, as a good lawyer
she did not want to judge people before she know about the real fact. The fact
should be clear and make all of the people believe about the fact. Paige tried to
think rationally because she is sure Bill want to tell something. But it is only about
the timing. Bill need more time to say about the real fact. She does not want make
other person get the impact of the other person mistake. So, she will waiting until
Bill tells about the fact.
b. Paige feeling or the predominant prevailing mood
Feeling is something that happened in the heard that is commonly perceived
by a person or character in the story. The problem in life is able to give impact in
the character’s life in the story. The impact of the problem makes the character
feels something. One of the feelings felt by Paige is restless. Paige feels uneasy
when she wake up and talk with reed. Suddenly, one of the sentences pronounced
by reed makes she was surprised. Paige very scared because she was not ready to
tell her real conditions to anyone. But, on the other hand she confused because it
is a fluke or he did know about the truth. Paige tries to organize her heart and
cover up her feelings. She did not want Reed to have negative thoughts to her.
Paige will tell her real condition but she needs a great time at least until Leah’s
wedding.
Feeling jealous is also felt by Paige. These feelings are formed when someone
get something and we can't get what other people get. Paige shows her jealousy
when she saw his parents. Her father always gave her mom surprise in every
time. He always showed her love to her. They often show it as they deeply loved
each other. So her family looked very romantic and harmonious. She feels jealous
because she will not be able to feel what might be perceived by his mother. Her
mother always get surprise from his father. While Drew, the father of her child,
would not be able to give affection to her. Drew, left them. Paige wants to feels
happy as what her mother felt. But it just fantasy that difficult to show by Drew.
This is because drew isn't a good man for her and her baby. Paige can only nurture
the feeling when she knows about her parents.
In addition Paige often exhibits a sense of sad. One of the evidence of his
sadness happens when he comes to the doctor and checked the condition of the
baby. Suddenly, the doctor asks where his father. Paige speechless and couldn't
say anything. When she bowed and looking towards both hands showed that she
remembers her baby’s father, Drew. In fact, her feeling atmosphere is depressive
and has heavy power reaction it is showed when she difficult to answer the
doctor’s question. She tried to reorganize her heart and strengthen herself for
answering the question though she takes a long time to answer it. It was very hard
for her. Paige tries to strong and accepts the fact that has happened. She realized
that it was her biggest mistake. She promised to herself that never making the
same mistakes.
From the mistakes that she has done, Paige disappoint all those who are
around her. She also felt embarrassed because she had done a mistake that can
ruin her lives in the future. At the time Drew calls her there are many questions in
his heart. Actually, In fact he wants to forget her past with Drew and try to live
happily with her baby. Drew has made it was surprised because he is mocking her
Paige could not say anything because she knows it is her fault. She is shy on
herself and on reed that are reconciled at the time. In addition, Paige feels
embarrassed because she has loved and gives anything to the wrong man. Paige
feels that she is a stupid woman. All of that would not have happened if she did
not meet Drew. As a good friend, Reed is very mad at Drew and tries to find him.
But, Paige forbids it. Paige did not want her problem to be large. Paige know
Drew’s figure.
In addition, Paige also shows feelings of fear. This happens when his
adoptive mother will tell about her biological parents. Paige was afraid to know
the truth because she confused what she had to do after know about the fact.
When Paige hold her sisters hand, it shows that she's very nervous and trying to
give strength to each other. They have to be strong despite the fact that can make
his heart badly. Claire, their adoptive mother, wants to tell that news a year ago
but, she is waiting the best time to say. Paige and her sister should know because
their biologist mother love the very much. Her biologist mom did not want her
children bruise because of her dad. She gives them on Claire because she wants
her children live happily. From the results of the analysis above shows that Paige
has strong feelings. This is evidenced by the quick reaction when he found
problem in her life.
c. Paige’s Power Expression
Power expression is the encouragement that faced by the character and makes
the character in the novel shows an expression. There are a lot of expressions
shown by someone, that expression makes the researcher knows how to her
control and knew about her personality. Paige as the main character shows some
expressions. One of her expression is smile. Her expression happened when she
know that the baby's condition that her contain are healthy. The expression
suggests that he was happy to hear the good news. What more when doctors told
him he would get the baby girl. She is waiting her babies born. She always prayed
to get beautiful children. She is sure that the baby extremely pretty. She was still
smiling while walking left the room. She is not concerned with the circumstance.
She is only thinking about her little baby girl and her family. She wondered how
her parents’ expression is. Without her realizing she brings her ultrasound picture
in his hind while in the car. She is sure her family will be happy when they hear
that news.
Not only smiling, Paige showed stronger expression than smile that is laugh.
That expression happened when Paige comes to Leah, her sister wedding. She
knows that her coming is very special for her. She was very angry if Paige does
not come to her special day. Paige shows the expression of laugh because she was
surprised to see Leah’s behavior when she comes to the place. Paige was
astounded when Leah hugged her unexpectedly. Paige shows her expression
directly, this shows that Paige amaze what Leah has done to her. Paige aware of
her return has been greatly waited by Leah. Paige did not want to disappoint her
sister. She give her sister gift and made her sister more loving her.
In addition, Paige also showed the opposite expression that is crying
expression. One of the events that make Paige shows her sadness happens when
Leah asked her to become the main of honor in her marriage. Paige was astounded
and tried to refuse because she felt unworthy of being her main of honor. But,
Leah compels her. Leah does not want there is other person that to be her honor.
She is believed on Paige. Paige showed her emotionally by her tears. In fact, the
crying expression is identical with the taste of a sad and disappointed. But in this
context shows that she is happy and proud have good sister as Leah. Leah did not
want Paige too sad with the situation. To show her love on Leah, Paige hugged
her directly and says she will to be her honor. Paige said thanks to her because she
still loves her even though Paige has made a mistake.
Angry, is the last expression that showed by Paige. That expression is the
impact of her annoyed when Reed did not believe her. Reed still does not believe
her. When he knows about the fact, he comes to Paige’s house. Paige is lazy to
talk with him. But, her family gives her impulse to explain to him. Because of her
family, Paige tries to bury her ego. She gives him an occasion to explain even
thought with a little time.
The results of the study show that Paige has a sanguine temperament though
not all the characteristics of a sanguine temperament by Klages demonstrated by
Paige. In addition, the feelings demonstrated by Paige have significant change
sometimes she felt sad, jealous but in another incident she pointed out that he felt
very happy. Likewise with expression, sometimes she shows a laughing
expression and it is shows that she is happy but on the next incident she shows
crying expression which is shows that she sad.
From the discussion above, the researcher has some steps in analyzing the
personality structure of Paige. Whose steps have a great value to know the
personality of Paige as the main character in The Sheriff’s Pregnant Wife novel.
From the results of the study, the researcher recommends that research about the
structure of the personality is very important to know. In addition, to the results of
the analysis indicate that the person deeds have not only how the structure of a
personality but also the behavior of the individual.
CONCLUSION
In this research, the researcher focuses to analyze personality structure of the
main character in “The Sheriff’s Pregnant Wife” novel. After discussing about
Paige’s personality structure that seeing from her temperament, feeling and power
expression, the researcher concludes that Paige as the main character has strong
personality structure. This can be proven when Paige easily to shows a reaction
when face the problem. The reactions shown by Paige are not long after she faced
a problem in her life. So, the readers can quickly understand the main character of
that novel. Based on personality structure that shown by Paige, the reader can
catches the character’s behavior. In addition, the theory of Klages was able to
uncover that literature and psychology have a relationship that is study about the
soul of human. On the other hand, literature and psychology have a difference,
literary is imagination while the psychology is real.
REFERENCES
Evans, David E. at all. 2000. Temperament and Personality: Origins and
Outcomes, Vol 78. 122-135.
Djojosuroto, kinayati. 2007. Filsafat Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Book Publiser.
Guerin, Wilfred. 2005. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literary. New
York: Oxford University Press.
Heigham, Juanita and Robert A, Croker. 2009. Qualitative Research in Applied
Linguistic. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Innis, Robert E. 1982. Karl Buhrel Samiotic Fondations Of Language Theory.
New York. plenum press.
Iswantoro, Dani. 2013. Kepribadian Tokoh Utama Dalam Novel Nareswari
Karirena Karya S. Maroeba (Tinjauan Psikologi sastra). Unpublished.
Jaspers, Karl. 1963. General psychopathology. United states of
America:university of Chicago press.
Kennedy, X.J. 2007. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and
Writing, Compact Edition, 5/e. New York: Logman.
Pham, Michel. Tuan. 2004. The Logic of Feeling. Journal of Consumer
Psychology, 14, 360-369.
Rachmawati, Tina. 2013. Skripsi. An analysis of Psychological Conflict in the
main character of “City Of Ember” movie: Psychoanalysis Criticism.
Unpublished.
Suroso and Santoso, puji. 2009. Estetika Sastra, Sastrawan dan Negara.
Yogyakarta: Pararaton Publishing.
Suryabrata, Sumardi. 2011. Psikologi Kepribadian. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo
Persada.
PERSONALITY STRUCTURE OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN
“THE SHERIFF’S PREGNANT WIFE” NOVEL
JOURNAL
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Gaining
the Bachelor Degree of Education
By:
ELSHE VIGGI YUHANA
NIM 1271195
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SEKOLAH TINGGI KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
PERSATUAN GURU REPUBLIK INDONESIA
JOMBANG
2016