Migration and Development
Policy potentials and policy illusions
Hein de Haas
International Migration Institute
Department of International Development
University of Oxford
[email protected]
Migration
the new development mantra?
*Kapur 2003
Global remittance flows
(million US$)
500,000
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
-
Remittances
Global remittance flows
(million US$)
500,000
450,000
400,000
350,000
Remittances
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
-
Official development
assistance and aid
Global remittance flows
(million US$)
2,500,000
2,000,000
Remittances
1,500,000
Official development
assistance and aid
1,000,000
Foreign direct investment
500,000
-
Regional remittance flows
(million US$)
160000
140000
120000
Arab World
100000
80000
East Asia & Pacific
(developing only)
60000
40000
20000
Latin America & Caribbean
(all income levels)
South Asia
0
Sub-Saharan Africa
The migration and
development pendulum
Optimistic vs. pessimistic views
Migration and development
Migration pessimists
Dependency theory
Disintegration / uprooting
Net South-North transfer
Brain drain
More inequality
Remittance consumption
Dependency
Divergence
More migration
Migration and development
Migration pessimists
Migration optimists
Dependency theory
↔
Neoclassical theory
Disintegration / uprooting
↔
Modernization
Net South-North transfer
↔
Net South-North transfer
Brain drain
↔
Brain gain
More inequality
↔
Less inequality
Remittance consumption
↔
Remittance investment
Dependency
↔
Development
Divergence
↔
Convergence
More migration
↔
Less migration
Migration and Development
Policy potentials and policy illusions
Migration and Development
Policy potentials and policy illusions
Hein de Haas
International Migration Institute
Department of International Development
University of Oxford
[email protected]
Migration transitions
Source: de Haas, H. 2010. Migration transitions:
IMI Working Paper, University of Oxford
Relation between development and migration
16
12
10
Emigrant s
8
Immigrants
6
4
2
0
< .5336
.5336 - .7286
.7286 - .7974
.7974 - .8744
Human Development Index, 2005
>.8744
Source: de Haas, H. 2010. Migration transitions:
IMI Working Paper, University of Oxford
migrant stock, % of total population
14